CAUSE - EFFECT

Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
cause
since , as , because , inasmuch as ,
on the grounds that ,
in view of the fact that ... (gerei karsnda)
because of the fact that , due to the fact that, owing to the fact that......
now that (madem ki artk), seeing that, given that
nk , den dolay, d iin
...gerekesiyle
...s g!e alnarak,
... nedeniyle, sayesinde
mademki, den dolay ..gre
Transition Words
Sentence Connectors
"esult
therefore , thus , hence , conse#uently , accordingly, $so%&
as a result , as a conse#uence , in conse#uence
' bu y!den,bundan dolay
bylece
2 sonu olarak
Prepositional Clause
(ause
because of , owing to , on account of , due to (the fact that )si!..)
thanks to
in view of , taking into account, taking into consideration ,
given of (given of a sudden hearth attack) nedeni ile
'...den dolay, nedeniyle
* sayesinde
+ g! nne alndnda
Coordinators ,or , so
Bu yzden
Other Structures
That's way ,
in that (bir aklama eklemek iin genelde benzerlik eya !arkllk i!ade
eden szcklerle kullanlr" Because in that yerine kullanlabilir, ama in that
herzaman because #nedenini aklad$ndan #yerine kullanlamaz"%
i&te bu yzden
, #d$ iin, bakmndan ,
asndan
-ub. Since / As / Because / work diligently, he succeeded.
/ succeeded since / as / because he work diligently.
(Subordinators) esult !"#$ % &#')
(- so ) *ad+ , ) that - 0he a11eal to our res1onse was so great that we had to hire more staff.
.- so ) ad+ ) * a !n) / ,) that - 2e is so wealthy a businessman that he even has a 1rivate air1lane.
") so ) adv ) that - / 1lays the 1iano so beautifully that everbody admires her.
&- so 0an1 / 2e3 / 0uch / little ) /444 ) that - there was so 0uch sugar in the coffee that / made for me 3 couldn4t
drink it.
#) such ) a!n) ) that - There was such a delay that we missed our connecting flight.
$- such ) a!n) ) ad+ ) that - 3t was such a fast car that the 1olice couldn4t catch it.
5- such ) ad+ ) uncountable / ) that - -he makes such good coffee that it4s im1ossible to drink only one cu1.
'- such ) ad+ ) plural countable / ) that - 5e are getting such high yields 1er acre that many farmers are being
forced to buy new harvesting machines.
6- such ) a lot o2 ) / ) that - 3 had such a lot of trouble my car that 3 had to sell it.
* So ... that ; such ... that kalplarnda so ve such zneden nce gelirse devrik yap gerektirir.
0he rate of 1rogress is so ra1id that advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis.
So ra1id is the rate of 1rogress that advance seems to be following advance on almost a monthly basis.
CO/CESS78E CO/TAST !U/E9PECTE: ESU;T < Be=lenenin Tersi >?tl?=)
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
altough , even though , though , des1ite the fact that , albeit
in s1ite of fact that , notwithstanding the fact , while (*),
)(y)e ramen
)de olsa,
Transition Words
Sentence Connectors
however , yet , still , even so , nevertheless , nonetheless ,
in s1it of this , all the same
Buna ra$men , yine de ,
bununla birlikte
Prepositional Clause
in s1ite of , des1ite , for all , notwithstanding
( regardles of 6 ba!en $in s1ite of% olarak )
)(y)e ramen
Coordinators
but
Other Structures
'o matter how ( where ( who ( which ( what
whoeer , whicheer , whateer ,
howeer much , howeer ) ad*, howeer ) ad
+ "" ya,arsa """ ya,
Aadaki ilk kalbta though, even though veya although birlikte kullanbilektedir. !. rnekteki kalpta ise sadece though
kullablabilir. ". rnekte gr#ld## gibi though $nevertheless%buna raen& anlandayken c#nle sonunda kullanlabilektedir.
(- Thou@h / Even thou@h / Althou@h she is an old woman, she is as energetic as a middle)aged 1erson.
.- 7ld thou@h she is, she is as energetic as a middle)aged 1erson.
"- -he is an old woman, she is as energetic as a middle)aged 1erson, thou@h4
* Aadaki !. rnekte olduu gibi though c#lecii bir s'atn oluturduu t#le(le bitiyorsa t#le( olarak kullanlan s'at baa
alnabilir.
&- Thou@h he was tired, he insisted on coming to the 1arty.
#- 2e thou@h was tired, he insisted on coming to the 1arty.
* )abloda belirtildii gibi, Ever l yaplar ve no matter what / where ... gibi yaplar concessive contrast bildirir.
Whoever he may be, he cannot succeed.
/o 0atter 3ho he may be, he cannot succeed.
8on4t go u1 to her no 0atter ho3 much she cries.
8on4t go u1 to her ho3ever much she cries. (however 9 ad:)
Ao3ever carefully you drive, others can cause accidents. (however9adv)
* Ad+ ) as ) /P ) Be kalb although kalbnda kullanlabilir.
*pressive as these advances +ere, the goverment nonetheless fell short ofthe ob:ectives it had set for itself.
Although these advances +ere ipressive, the goverment nonetheless fell short ofthe ob:ectives it had set for itself.
* Adv ) as ) /P ) 8 kalb although kalbnda kullanlabilir.
,uch as * adire his courage, 3 cannot think he acted wisely.
Although * adire his courage very uch, 3 cannot think he acted wisely.
:7ECT CO/TAST
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
while , whereas, as(while manasnda)
...iken
..oysaki
Transition Words
Sentence Connectors
however , in contrast , by contrast ))))))))))))))))))))))))
conversely , on the other hand , but then )))))))))))))))))))))
then again ))))))))))))))))))))))))
instead; ))))))))))))))))))))))))
< buna karn
< dier taraftan
<stelik, ayrca
<bunun yerine
Prepositional Clause
different from , unlike ,
in contrast to , contarary to , as a11osed to
<... den farkl olarak
<... nn tersine
Coordinators
but
; 7nstead - bunu 1erine anlanda olarak ba tara' olusuz olan c#lelerde zt bir ey syleek i(in kullanlabilir.
/ dosen4t study at all. 7nstead% she :ust sits and daydreams.
T7BE
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
as soon as , the moment , the instant , the minute, immediatly.
no sooner ... than , hardly=barely=scarely ... when , )))))))))
while , as , when ))))))))))))))
when , by the time ('), once (') bir ke! (*) )))))))))
once (hele bir..daha a! ivedilik tar.ya sabr.)
until , by the time(*) ,till , u1 until )))))))))))))
:ast as (tam ...ki), :ust before , :ust when, even as )))))))))))))
since , ever since ))))))))))))))
as long as , so long as )))))))))))))))
)ar ... ama!
)ar ... ama!, hen!, ancak...
)ken
)d !aman, )dnda
)e kadar
tam ...
)den beri
sresince, mddete
Prepositional Clause
before (>dv (lause ) , 1rior to ))))))))))))))))))))))))
after (>dv (lause ) , subse#uent to ))))))))))))))))))))))))
during ))))))))))))))))))))))))
by ))))))))))))))))))))))))
)den nce
)den sonra
... sresince
)den nce
PUPOSE
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
so that , in order that )))))))))))))))))))))))))
so as to , in order to , to 9 infinitive ))))))))))))))))))))))))
in case , (:ust in case) (olur da, ola ki beklenti=endie ) )))))))
lest , for fear that (korkusuyla) ))))))))))))))))))))))))
)mek iin , )sin diye
... amacyla
<olaslna kar, )ur diye
<)r diye )mesin diye
Prepositional Clause
for
for the 1ur1ose of , with a view to
iin
amacyla
CO/:7T7O/
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
?f )))))))))))))))))))))))))) )))))))))))))))))))))
unless )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
even if ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
only if ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
if only (dilek) ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
as long as , so long as ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
1roviding (that) , 1rovided (that) ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
su11ose (that) , su11osing (that) ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
assuming that ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
on condition that ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
in the event that ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
whether ... or not ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
what ... if ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
eer , )se ,)sa
)medike , )me!se
)sa bile ,
ancak ... eer sa
keke
)d mddete
olmas kouluyla , artyla
varsayalm ki , far!et ki
varsayarsak
artyla
...durumunda
...se de, ... sa da , ister...ister
ya ... sa&
Prepositional Clause
in the event of , in case of , in case (that)
but for ))))))))))))))))))))))))
if it weren4t for, 5ere it not for ))))))))))))))))))))
if it hadn4t been for , 2ad it not been for )))))))))))))))))))
<...durumunda , ..olur diye
<olmasay(d) , ..s!
<olmasa
<olmasayd
BA//E
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
as )))))))))))))))))))))))))
:ust as , much as (t1k...gibi) ))))))))))))))))))))))))
as if , as though (0he -ub:unctives) ))))))))))))))))))))))))
like, :ust like < way , :ust way ))))))))))))))))))))))))
<bab...d gibi , ...d biimde
<... d gibi , tam ...d gibi
<m...d gibi
P;ACE
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
as far as, as near as )))))))))))))))))))))))
where )))))))))))))))))))))))))
wherever ))))))))))))))))))))))))
everwhere ))))))))))))))))))))))))
anywhere ))))))))))))))))))))))))
no mather...where (yer beliten balatr.)
)(e) kadar
...yer(e) yer (de), oraya, orada
<her nere(ye) (de)
<her yer (e) (de)
<herhangi (bir) yer @e) (de)
.. ya1arsa ... ya1.
POPOT7O/ / :ECEE
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
the ...er , the ...er < the ...er , the more < )))))))
the more , the ...er < the more ... , the more < )))))))))
as , as (so) ))))))))))))))))))))))))
insofar as , inasmuch as, to the eAtent that , to the degree that
ne kadar ... o kadar
...dike...daha...
...dike...daha...
...d lde, u lekte ki
S7B7;A7TD
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
similary , by the same token , likewise ,
corres1ondigly , in the same way
ayn ekilde , ke!a
ben!er ekilde
COBPA7S7O/
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
Bust as .., (so) < :ust as ..., so < :ust as ..., so too < :ust as ..., also<
as .... as < not as .... as < ...er than < more ...than <
the ...est < the most
....d gibi.....
(eitlik, stnlk, en stnlk
dereceleri bu kal1ta
kullanlr.)
E9P;A/AT7O/
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
that is , that is to say , namely
i.e.
yani <
E9CEPT7O/
Adverbial Clauses
Subordinators
eAce1t that ,
eAce1t for the fact that
haricinde ,
... bir yana
Prepositional Clause
eAce1t , eAce1t for , with the eAce1tion of , but ,
a1art from , other than
... nn dnda , ... hari
E9EBP;7F7CAT7O/
Transition Words
Sentence Connectors
,or instance , for eAem1le , to illustrate , take / for instance rnein
A::7T7O/ EE= Bil@i Sun0aF
Transition Words
Sentence Connectors
further , furthermore , moreover , what is more ,
also , besides , in addition
dahas ,
hem de , ayrca , buna ek
olarak , bundan baka
Prepositional Clause
>s well as , in addition to , besides ,
a1art from ,
along with , together with
< nn yansra , ..ye ek olarak
<...den baka
<ile birlikte
OTAE SE/TE/CE CO//ECTOS
CorrectionG E:HIelt0eF
rather 6 daha dorusu (olumlu cmleden sonra d!eltme) , bundan !iyade (olumsu! cmleden sonra d!eltme).
e2or0ulationG E:eJiKi= L2adeF
in other words 6 dier bir deyile.
AlternativeG ESeMene=F
alternatively 6 dier seenek ise
Warnin@G EU1ar?F
or else, otherwise 6 aksi takdirde
ParticulariIationG EBelir@inleKtir0eF
in 1articular, 1articularly, es1ecially, s1ecifically, notably 6 !ellikle.
Conclusion / Su00ar1G ESonuMF / NIet
in conclusion, all in all, to sum u1, to summari!e, in summary, in brief, in short, to be brief 6
sonu olarak, !etle, ksaca
Other TransitionalsG
anyway = anyhow 6
in any case 6 her durumda, her halkarda., nasl olursa olsun.
above all 6 en nemlisi , he1sinden nemlisi.
worse still 6 daha kts
after all 6 ne de olsa.
COO:7/ATOS
S(% Coordinators S.
SUBO:7/ATOS
Subordinators ) S( % S. S. ) Subordinators ) S( S. !/P) Subordinators ) S( % 8P
TA/S7T7O/S / SE/TE/CE CO//ECTOS
S( ) Sconnectors % )S. S(O ) Sconnectors % S. S(4 ) S. !/P) % Sconnectors % 8P
Preposition And Prepositional Phares
S ) Prep ) 8in@ / /P / /C Prep ) 8in@ / /P / /C % S
as o2 (1re1.) 6(olarak, itibari ile )den balayarak).
as 2ar as - so 2ar as - ...kadaryla. )e gre.
used in eA1ressions like as/so 2ar as 7 =no3 to sa1 that you think a statement is true but that there may be
something you do not know which makes it untrue 3t4s safe, as far as 3 know. C6based on what 3 know, 3 think it4s
safe, although it is 1ossible that it is
as 0uch as - - kadar
' D used to say that two things are e#ual in amount or degree 2e likes hockey as much as he likes basketball.
C6he likes hockey and basketball e#uallyE
* . almost D used to say that someone came very close to doing something 2e as much as admitted his guilt.
0uch as . although
-he knew the truth, much as C6even thoughE she wanted to deny it.
With the ePception o2 6 istisnasyla
Fveryone should be there, with the (1ossible) eAce1tion of my brother.
As in6 )da olduu gibi.
>s in other areas of 1olicy analysis, foreign 1olicy analysis also starts with a number of central #uestions about
the nature of what is to be studied.