Short Circuit Calculations PDF

Copyright
Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Short Circuit Calculation
Sector Energy
D SE PTI NC
Steffen Schmidt
Page 2 28.06.2008
Copyright

E D SE PTI NC Steffen Schmidt
Standards and Terms
Page 3 28.06.2008
Copyright

Purpose of ShortCircuit Calculations
Dimensioning of switching deices
Dynamic dimensioning of switchgear
Therma! rating of e!ectrica! deices "e.g. ca#!es$
Protection coordination
%a&!t diagnostic
In'&t data for
Earthing st&dies
Interference ca!c&!ations
E(C '!anning
)..
Page * 28.06.2008
Copyright

ShortCircuit Calculation
Standards
IEC 60+0+,
Short-Circ&it C&rrent Ca!c&!ation in Three-Phase ..C. Systems
E&ro'ean Standard EN 60+0+
/erman Nationa! Standard DIN 0DE 0102
f&rther Nationa! Standards
Engineering 2ecommendation /3* "45$

Proced&re to (eet the 2e6&irements of IEC 60+0+ for the
Ca!c&!ation of Short-Circ&it C&rrents in Three-Phase .C Power
Systems
.NSI IIEEE Std. C33.7 "4S$

IEEE /&ide for Ca!c&!ation of %a&!t C&rrents for .''!ication of a.c.
8igh 0o!tage Circ&it 9rea:ers 2ated on a Tota! C&rrent 9asis.
Page 7 28.06.2008
Copyright

ShortCircuit Calculations
Standard !"C #0$0$
IEC 60+0+ , Short-circ&it c&rrents in three-
'hase a.c. systems
Part 0, Ca!c&!ation of c&rrents
Part 1, %actors for the ca!c&!ation of
short-circ&it c&rrents
Part 2, E!ectrica! e6&i'ment; data for
short-circ&it c&rrent ca!c&!ations
Part 3, C&rrents d&ring two se'arate
sim&!taneo&s !ine-to-earth short
circ&its and 'artia! short-circ&it
c&rrents f!owing thro&gh earth
Part *, E<am'!es for the ca!c&!ation of
Page 6 28.06.2008
Copyright

Scope of !"C #0$0$
three-'hase a.c. systems
!ow o!tage and high o!tage systems &' to 700 :0
nomina! fre6&ency of 70 8= and 60 8=
#a!anced and &n#a!anced short circ&its
three 'hase short circ&its
two 'hase short circ&its "with and witho&t earth connection$
sing!e 'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its in systems with so!id!y

earthed or im'edance earthed ne&tra!
two se'arate sim&!taneo&s sing!e-'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its

in a systems with iso!ated ne&tra! or a resonance earthed ne&tra!
"IEC 60+0+-3$
ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents
minim&m short circ&it c&rrents

Page 3 28.06.2008
Copyright

Copyright Siemens AG 200%. All rights reserved.
Types of Short Circuits
&phase
2phase
'phase
Page 8 28.06.2008
Copyright

(ariation of short circuit current shapes
fa&!t at o!tage 'ea: fa&!t at o!tage
=ero crossing
fa&!t !ocated in
the networ:
fa&!t !ocated
near generator
Page + 28.06.2008
Copyright

)arfromgenerator short circuit
I
:
> Initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent
i
'
Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent
I
:
Steady-state short-circ&it c&rrent
. Initia! a!&e of the d.c com'onent
Page 10 28.06.2008
Copyright

*efinitions according !"C #0$0$ +!,
initial symmetrical shortcircuit current I
-
>
r.m.s. a!&e of the a.c. symmetrica! com'onent of a 'ros'ectie
"aai!a#!e$ short-circ&it c&rrent? a''!ica#!e at the instant of short circ&it if
the im'edance remains at =ero-time a!&e
initial symmetrical shortcircuit po.er S
-
>
fictitio&s a!&e determined as a 'rod&ct of the initia! symmetrica! short-
circ&it c&rrent I
:
>? the nomina! system o!tage U
n
and the factor @3,
NATE, S
:
> is often &sed to ca!c&!ate the interna! im'edance of a networ: feeder at the
connection 'oint. In this case the definition gien sho&!d #e &sed in the fo!!owing form,
B
: n
B
:
I 4 3 S =
B
:
2
n
S
4 c
C

=
Page 11 28.06.2008
Copyright

*efinitions according !"C #0$0$ +!!,
decaying +aperiodic, component i
d.c.
of shortcircuit current
mean a!&e #etween the to' and #ottom ene!o'e of a short-circ&it
c&rrent decaying from an initia! a!&e to =ero
pea- shortcircuit current i
p
ma<im&m 'ossi#!e instantaneo&s a!&e of the 'ros'ectie "aai!a#!e$
short-circ&it c&rrent
NATE, The magnit&de of the 'ea: short-circ&it c&rrent aries in accordance with the
moment at which the short circ&it occ&rs.
Page 12 28.06.2008
Copyright

/eartogenerator short circuit
I
:
> Initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent
i
'
Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent
I
:
Steady-state short-circ&it c&rrent
. Initia! a!&e of the d.c com'onent
I
9
Symmetrica! short-circ&it #rea:ing c&rrent
t
0
9
I 2 2
Page 13 28.06.2008
Copyright

*efinitions according !"C #0$0$ +!!!,
steadystate shortcircuit current I
-
r.m.s. a!&e of the short-circ&it c&rrent which remains after the decay of
the transient 'henomena
symmetrical shortcircuit 1rea-ing current I
1
r.m.s. a!&e of an integra! cyc!e of the symmetrica! a.c. com'onent of the
'ros'ectie short-circ&it c&rrent at the instant of contact se'aration of
the first 'o!e to o'en of a switching deice
Page 1* 28.06.2008
Copyright

Purpose of ShortCircuit (alues
(inim&m symmetrica! short-
circ&it c&rrent I
:

Se!ectie detection of 'artia!
Protection setting
(a<im&m initia! symmetrica!
short-circ&it c&rrent I
:
>
Potentia! rise;
(agnetic fie!ds
Earthing? Interference? E(C
Initia! symmetrica! short-
circ&it c&rrent I
:
>
%a&!t d&ration
Tem'erat&re rise of e!ectrica!
deices "e.g. ca#!es$
Therma! stress to e6&i'ment
Pea: short-circ&it c&rrent i
'
%orces to e!ectrica! deices
"e.g. #&s #ars? ca#!es)$
(echanica! stress to
e6&i'ment
Symmetrica! short-circ&it
#rea:ing c&rrent I
#
Therma! stress to arcing
cham#er; arc e<tinction
9rea:ing ca'acity of circ&it
#rea:ers
2e!eant short-circ&it c&rrent Physica! Effect Design Criterion
Page 17 28.06.2008
Copyright

Standard !"C #0$0$
Simplifications and Assumption
.ss&m'tions
6&asi-static state instead of dynamic ca!c&!ation
no change in the ty'e of short circ&it d&ring fa&!t d&ration
no change in the networ: d&ring fa&!t d&ration
arc resistances are not ta:en into acco&nt
im'edance of transformers is referred to ta' changer in main 'osition

neg!ecting of a!! sh&nt im'edances e<ce't for C
0
-D safe ass&m'tions
Page 16 28.06.2008
Copyright

"2uivalent (oltage Source
Page 13 28.06.2008
Copyright

Shortcircuit
"2uivalent voltage source at the shortcircuit location
.
E
E
.
C
F
C
T
C
/
%
G
IB
3
3
.
n
U c
rea! networ:
e6&ia!ent circ&it
A'erationa! data and the 'assie !oad of cons&mers are neg!ected
Ta'-changer 'osition of transformers is dis'ensa#!e
E<citation of generators is dis'ensa#!e
Foad f!ow "!oca! and time$ is dis'ensa#!e
Page 18 28.06.2008
Copyright

Short circuit in meshed grid
"2uivalent voltage source at the shortcircuit location
rea! networ: e6&ia!ent circ&it
Page 1+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

(oltage )actor c
c is a safety factor to consider the fo!!owing effects,
o!tage ariations de'ending on time and '!ace?
changing of transformer ta's?
neg!ecting !oads and ca'acitances #y ca!c&!ations?
the s&#transient #ehaio&r of generators and motors.

1.00 1.10 (edi&m o!tage D1 :0 H 37 :0
0.+7
0.+7
1.07
1.10
Fow o!tage 100 0 H 1000 0
-systems with a to!erance of 6I
-systems with a to!erance of 10I
1.00 1.10 8igh o!tage D37 :0
minim&m short circ&it c&rrents ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents Nomina! o!tage
0o!tage factor c for ca!c&!ation of
Page 20 28.06.2008
Copyright

4a5imum and minimum ShortCircuit Currents
sha!! #e neg!ected sha!! #e considered (otors
(a<im&m im'edance (inim&m im'edance Networ: feeders
minim&m
short circ&it c&rrents
ma<im&m
short circ&it c&rrents
(inim&m contri#&tion (a<im&m contri#&tion Power '!ants
C
min
C
ma<
0o!tage factor
at ma<im&m tem'erat&re at 20JC 2esistance of !ines and ca#!es
Page 21 28.06.2008
Copyright

Short Circuit !mpedances and Correction )actors
Page 22 28.06.2008
Copyright

Short Circuit !mpedances
%or networ: feeders? transformer? oerhead !ines? ca#!e etc.
im'edance of 'ositie se6&ence system K im'edance of negatie

se6&ence system
im'edance of =ero se6&ence system &s&a!!y different
to'o!ogy can #e different for =ero se6&ence system

Correction factors for
generators?
generator #!oc:s?
networ: transformer
factors are a!id in =ero? 'ositie? negatie se6&ence system

Page 23 28.06.2008
Copyright

/et.or- feeders
.t a feeder connection 'oint &s&a!!y one of the fo!!owing a!&es is gien,
the initia! symmetrica! short circ&it c&rrent I
:
>
the initia! short-circ&it 'ower S
:
>
If 2LM of the networ: feeder is &n:nown? one of the fo!!owing a!&es can
#e &sed,
2LM K 0.1
2LM K 0.0 for high o!tage systems D37 :0 fed #y oerhead !ines
B
:
2
n
B
:
n
E
S
4 c
I 3
4 c
C

=
=
2
E
E
$ M L 2 " 1
C
M
+
=
Page 2* 28.06.2008
Copyright

/et.or- transformer
Correction of !mpedance
C
T5
K C
T
5
T
genera!
at :nown conditions of o'eration

no correction for im'edances #etween star 'oint and gro&nd
T
ma<
T
< 6 ? 0 1
c
+7 ? 0 5
+
=
#
T rT
#
T T
ma<
#
n
T
sin $ I I " < 1
c
4
4
5
+
=
Page 27 28.06.2008
Copyright

/et.or- transformer
!mpact of Correction )actor
The Correction factor is 5
T
N1.0 for transformers with <
T
D3.7 I.
2ed&ction of transformer im'edance
Increase of short-circ&it c&rrents

0.80
0.87
0.+0
0.+7
1.00
1.07
0 7 10 17 20
5
T
678
3
T
cma< K 1.10
cma< K 1.07
Page 26 28.06.2008
Copyright

Generator .ith direct Connection to /et.or-
C
/5
K C
/
5
/

genera!
for contin&o&s o'eration a#oe rated o!tage,

4
r/
"1O'
/
$ instead of 4
r/
t&r#ine generator, M
"2$
K M
"1$
sa!ient 'o!e generator, M
"2$
K 1L2 "M
d
B

O M
6
B$
r/ d
ma<
r/
n
/
sin < 1
c
4
4
5
+
=
Page 23 28.06.2008
Copyright

Generator 0loc- +Po.er Station,
C
S"A$
K "t
r
2
C
/
OC
T80
$ 5
S"A$

'ower station with on-!oad ta' changer,
'ower station witho&t on-!oad ta' changers,

r/ T d
ma<
2
rT80
2
rTF0
2
r/
2
nE
S
sin < < 1
c
4
4
4
4
5
+
=
G
9
( )
r/ d
ma<
t
rT80
rTF0
/ r/
nE
SA
sin < 1
c
' 1
4
4
$ ' 1 " 4
4
5
+

+
=
Page 28 28.06.2008
Copyright

Asynchronous 4otors
(otors contri#&te to the short circ&it c&rrents and hae to #e considered
for ca!c&!ation of ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents
If 2LM is &n:nown? the fo!!owing a!&es can #e &sed,
2LM K 0.1 medi&m o!tage motors 'ower 'er 'o!e 'air D 1 (P
2LM K 0.17 medi&m o!tage motors 'ower 'er 'o!e 'air Q 1 (P
2LM K 0.*2 !ow o!tage motors "inc!&ding connection ca#!es$

r(
2
r(
r( F2
(
S
4
I L I
1
C =
2
( (
(
(
$ M L 2 " 1
C
M
+
=
Page 2+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

Special :egulations for lo. (oltage 4otors
!ow o!tage motors can #e neg!ected if RI
r(
Q I
:
>
gro&'s of motors can #e com#ined to a e6&ia!ent motor

I
F2
LI
r(
K 7 can #e &sed
Page 30 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of initial short circuit current
Page 31 28.06.2008
Copyright

Procedure
Set &' e6&ia!ent circ&it in symmetrica! com'onents
Consider fa&!t conditions
in 3-'hase system
transformation into symmetrica! com'onents
Ca!c&!ation of fa&!t c&rrents
in symmetrica! com'onents
transformation into 3-'hase system

Page 32 28.06.2008
Copyright

Copyright Siemens AG 200%. All rights reserved.
"2uivalent circuit in symmetrical components
'ositie se6&ence system
negatie se6&ence system
=ero se6&ence system
+', +', +',
+', +', +', +',
+',
+2,
+2,
+2,
+2,
+2,
+2, +2,
+2,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
+0,
Page 33 28.06.2008
Copyright

&phase short circuit
F1
F2
F3
;
-U
f
012-system
U
F1
K H U
f
U
F2
K a
2
"H U
f
$
U
F3
K a

"H U
f
$
U
"1$
K H U
f
U
"2$
K 0
U
"0$
K 0
(1)
r
sc3
3 Z
U c
I
=
F1-F2-F3-system
G G
Z
"1$!
Z
"1$r
G G
Z
"2$!
Z
"2$r
G G
Z
"0$!
Z
"0$r
"1$
"2$
"0$
networ: !eft of
fa&!t !ocation
networ: right of
fa&!t !ocation
fa&!t !ocation
;
c U
n
3
; ;
Page 3* 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of 2phase initial short circuit current
F1-F2-F3-system 012-system
I
F1
K 0
I
F2
K H I
F3
U
F3
H U
F2
K H U
f
I
"0$
K 0
I
"1$
K H I
"2$
3
n
) 2 ( ) 1 (
U
c U U =
G G
Z
"1$!
Z
"1$r
G G
Z
"2$!
Z
"2$r
G G
Z
"0$!
Z
"0$r
"1$
"2$
"0$
networ: !eft of
fa&!t !ocation
networ: right of
fa&!t !ocation
fa&!t !ocation
;
c U
n
3
( ) ( ) 2 1
r
sc2
Z Z
U c
I
+
=
( )
2
3
2
sc3
sc2
1
r
sc2
=

=
I
I
Z
U c
I
F1
F2
F3
;
-U
f
Page 37 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of 2phase initial short circuit current
.ith ground connection
F1-F2-F3-system
012-system
0
L1
= I
3
n
2
L2
U
c a U =
3
n
L3
U
c a U =
I
(0)
= I
(1)
= I
(2)

) 0 ( ) 1 (
n
) 2 ( ) 1 (
3
U U
U
c U U = =
G G
Z
"1$!
Z
"1$r
G G
Z
"2$!
Z
"2$r
G G
Z
"0$!
Z
"0$r
"1$
"2$
"0$
networ: !eft of
fa&!t !ocation
networ: right of
fa&!t !ocation
fa&!t !ocation
c U
n
3
;
( ) ( ) 0 1
r
scE2E
2
3
Z Z
U c
I
+

=
F1
F2
F3
; -U
f
Page 36 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of 'phase initial short circuit current
F1
F2
F3
F1-F2-F3-System 012-System
I
L2
= 0
I
L3
= 0
3
n
L1
U
c U =
3
n
) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 (
U
c U U U = + +
I
(0)
= I
(1)
= I
(2)

G G
Z
"1$!
Z
"1$r
G G
Z
"2$!
Z
"2$r
G G
Z
"0$!
Z
"0$r
"1$
"2$
"0$
networ: !eft of
fa&!t !ocation
networ: right of
fa&!t !ocation
fa&!t !ocation
;
c U
n
3
; -U
f
) 0 ( ) 2 ( ) 1 (
r
"
sc1
3
Z Z Z
U c
I
+ +

=
Page 33 28.06.2008
Copyright

<argest initial short circuit current
9eca&se of Z1 Z2 the
!argest short circ&it c&rrent can
#e o#sered
for Z1 L Z0 N 1
3-'hase short circ&it

for Z1 L Z0 D 1
2-'hase short circ&it with

earth connection
"c&rrent in earth connection$
Page 38 28.06.2008
Copyright

)eeding of short circuits
sing!e fed short circ&it
m&!ti'!e fed short circ&it

=
"
sc_part
"
sc_part
"
sc
I I I
S
-9
=
n9
"
>
r
?'
:3
"
sc
I
/
3G
(
3G
IS
sc/
IS
scN
IS
sc(
%a&!t
Page 3+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of short circuit currents 1y programs +'@&,
9asic e6&ation
i = Y u Y: matri< of admittances "for short circ&it$
n
r
2
1
nn n1
in i1
2n 21
1n 11
' '
sci
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
. . . .
0
.
.
.
.
.
.
0
0
U
U
c
U
U
Y Y
Y Y
Y Y
Y Y
I
Page *0 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of short circuit currents 1y programs +2@&,
Inersion of matri< of admittances
u = Y
-1
i

0
.
.
.
.
.
.
0
0
. . . .
. .
. .
. .
. . .
. .
. .
. .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
' '
sci
nn n1
in ii i1
2n 21
1n 11
n
r
2
1
I
Z Z
Z Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
U
U
c
U
U
Page *1 28.06.2008
Copyright

Ca!c&!ation of short circ&it c&rrents #y 'rograms "3L3$
from !ine i,

from the remaining !ines,
ca!c&!ation of a!! node o!tages
from there -D ca!c&!ation of a!! short circ&it c&rrents

3
"
sci ii
r
I Z
U c
=

3
ii
r
"
sci
Z
U c
I
=
"
sci sci sc
I Z U =
Page *2 28.06.2008
Copyright

Short Circuit Calculation :esults
)aults at all 0uses
Page *3 28.06.2008
Copyright

Short Circuit Calculation :esults
Contri1ution for one )ault <ocation
Page ** 28.06.2008
Copyright

"5ample
Page *7 28.06.2008
Copyright

*ata of sample calculation
Networ: feeder,
110 :0
3 /0.
2LM K 0.1
Transformer,
110 L 20 :0
*0 (0.
&
:
K 17 I
P
:rT
K 100 :0.
Aerhead !ine,
20 :0
10 :m
2
1
T K 0.3 U L :m
M
1
T K 0.* U L :m
Page *6 28.06.2008
Copyright

!mpedance of /et.or- feeder
B
:
2
n
I
S
4 c
C

=
( )
/0. 3
:0 20 1 . 1
C
2
I

=
= 1*63 . 0 C
I
= 01*6 . 0 2
I
= 1*60 . 0 M
I
Page *3 28.06.2008
Copyright

!mpedance of Transformer
n
2
n
: T
S
4
& C =
= 7000 . 1 C
T
= 0270 . 0 2
T
= *++8 . 1 M
T
( )
(0. *0
:0 20
17 . 0 C
2
T
=
2
n
2
n
:rT T
S
4
P 2 =
( )
( )
2
2
T
(0. *0
:0 20
:0. 100 2 =
Page *8 28.06.2008
Copyright

!mpedance of Transformer
Correction )actor
T
ma<
T
< 6 . 0 1
c
+7 . 0 5
+
=
1*++8 . 0 6 . 0 1
1 . 1
+7 . 0 5
T
+
=
+7833 . 0 5
T
=
= *381 . 1 C
T5
= 02*0 . 0 2
T5
= *33+ . 1 M
T5
Page *+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

!mpedance of Averhead <ine
= V 2 2
F
= 0000 . 3 2
F
= 0000 . * M
I
:m 10 :m L 3 . 0 2
F
=
= V M M
F
:m 10 :m L * . 0 M
F
=
Page 70 28.06.2008
Copyright

!nitial ShortCircuit Current B )ault location '
T5 I
2 2 2 + =
T5 I
M M M + =
+ = 02*0 . 0 01*6 . 0 2 + = *33+ . 1 1*60 . 0 M
= 0386 . 0 2 = 783+ . 1 M
( )
1 1
n
B
:
M W 2 3
4 c
I
+
=
( ) ( )
2 2
B
:
783+ . 1 0386 . 0 3
:0 20 1 . 1
I
+
=
:. 0 . 8 I
B
:
=
Page 71 28.06.2008
Copyright

!nitial ShortCircuit Current B )ault location 2
F T5 I
2 2 2 2 + + =
F T5 I
M M M M + + =
+ + = 0000 . 3 02*0 . 0 01*6 . 0 2 + + = 0000 . * *33+ . 1 1*60 . 0 M
= 0386 . 3 2 = 783+ . 7 M
( )
1 1
n
B
:
M W 2 3
4 c
I
+
=
( ) ( )
2 2
B
:
783+ . 7 0386 . 3 3
:0 20 1 . 1
I
+
=
:. 0 . 2 I
B
:
=
Page 72 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of Pea- Current
Page 73 28.06.2008
Copyright

Pea- ShortCircuit Current
Calculation acc. !"C #0$0$
ma<im&m 'ossi#!e instantaneo&s a!&e of e<'ected short circ&it c&rrent
e6&ation for ca!c&!ation,
B
: '
I 2 i =
M L 2 3
e +8 . 0 02 . 1

+ =
Page 7* 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation in nonmeshed /et.or-s
The 'ea: short-circ&it c&rrent i
'
at a short-circ&it !ocation? fed from
so&rces which are not meshed with one another is the s&m of the 'artia!
short-circ&it c&rrents,
(
/
(
i
'1
i
'2
i
'3
i
'*
i
'
K i
'1
O i
'2
O i
'3
O i
'*
Page 77 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation in meshed /et.or-s
(ethod ., &niform ratio RLX
sma!!est a!&e of a!! networ: #ranches
6&ite ine<act
(ethod 9, ratio RLX at the fa&!t !ocation
factor
#
from re!ation RLX at the fa&!t !ocation "e6&ation or diagram$
K1?17
#
(ethod C, 'roced&re with s&#stit&te fre6&ency
factor from re!ation R
c
LX
c
with s&#stit&te fre6&ency f
c
K 20 8=
#est res&!ts for meshed networ:s

f
f
M
2
M
2
c
c
c
=
Page 76 28.06.2008
Copyright

)ictitious :esistance of Generator
2
/f
K 0?07 M
d
B

for generators with 4
r/
D 1 :0 and S
r/
100 (0.
2
/f
K 0?03 M
d
B

r/
D 1 :0 and S
r/
N 100 (0.
2
/f
K 0?17 M
d
B

r/
1000 0
NATE, An!y for ca!c&!ation of 'ea: short circ&it c&rrent
Page 73 28.06.2008
Copyright

Pea- ShortCircuit Current B )ault location '
= 0386 . 0 2 = 783+ . 1 M
:. 0 . 8 I
B
:
=
02** . 0 M L 2 =
B
: '
I 2 i =
M L 2 3
e +8 . 0 02 . 1

+ =
+3 . 1 =
:. 8 . 21 i
'
=
Page 78 28.06.2008
Copyright

Pea- ShortCircuit Current B )ault location 2
= 0386 . 3 2 = 783+ . 7 M
:. 0 . 2 I
B
:
=
7**2 . 0 M L 2 =
B
: '
I 2 i =
M L 2 3
e +8 . 0 02 . 1

+ =
21 . 1 =
:. * . 3 i
'
=
Page 7+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

Calculation of 0rea-ing Current
Page 60 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea-ing Current
*ifferentiation
Differentiation #etween short circ&its >nearS or SfarS from generator
Definition short circ&it >nearS to generator
for at !east one synchrono&s machine is, I
:
> D 2 X I
r?/enerator
or
I
:
>
with motor
D 1.07 X I
:
>
witho&t motor
9rea:ing c&rrent I
#
for short circ&it SfarS from generator
I
#
K I
:
>
Page 61 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea-ing Current
Calculation in nonmeshed /et.or-s
The #rea:ing c&rrent I
9
at a short-circ&it !ocation? fed from so&rces which
are not meshed is the s&m of the 'artia! short-circ&it c&rrents,
(
/
(
I
91
K YXIS
:
I
9
K I
91
O I
92
O I
93
O I
9*
I
92
K IS
:
I
93
K YX6XIS
:
I
9*
K YX6XIS
:
Page 62 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea-ing current
*ecay of Current fed from Generators
I
9
K Y X IS
:
%actor Y to consider the decay of short circ&it c&rrent fed from
generators.
Page 63 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea-ing current
*ecay of Current fed from Asynchronous 4otors
I
9
K Y X 6 X IS
:
%actor 6 to consider the decay of short circ&it c&rrent fed from
asynchrono&s motors.
Page 6* 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea-ing Current
Calculation in meshed /et.or-s
Sim'!ified ca!c&!ation,
I
#
K I
:
>
%or increased acc&racy can #e &sed,
MS
di5
s&#transient reactance of the synchrono&s machine "i$
MS
(W
reactance of the asynchrono&s motors "W$
IS
:/i
? IS
:(W
contri#&tion to initia! symmetrica! short-circ&it c&rrent from the synchrono&s machines "i$
and the asynchrono&s motors "W$ as meas&red at the machine termina!s
B
:(W W W
W
n
(W B
:/i i
i
n
/i
B
: #
I $ 6 1 "
3 L 4 c
B 4
I $ 1 "
3 L 4 c
B 4
I I
=

B
:/i
B
di5
B
/i
I WM 4 =
B
:(W
B
(W
B
(W
I WM 4 =
Page 67 28.06.2008
Copyright

Continuous short circuit current
Contin&o&s short circ&it c&rrent I
:
r.m.s. a!&e of short circ&it c&rrent after decay of a!! transient

effects
de'ending on ty'e and e<citation of generators
statement in standard on!y for sing!e fed short circ&it
ca!c&!ation #y factors "simi!ar to #rea:ing c&rrent$

Contin&o&s short circ&it c&rrent is norma!!y not ca!c&!ated #y
networ: ca!c&!ation 'rograms.
%or short circ&its far from generator and as worst case estimation
I
:
K I>
:
Page 66 28.06.2008
Copyright

Shortcircuit .ith preload
Page 63 28.06.2008
Copyright

Principle
. Foad f!ow ca!c&!ation that considers a!! networ: 'arameters?
s&ch as !oads? ta' 'ositions? etc.
9 P!ace o!tage so&rce with the o!tage that was determined #y
the !oad f!ow ca!c&!ation at the fa&!t !ocation.
C S&'er'osition of . and 9
Page 68 28.06.2008
Copyright

"5ample
. Foad f!ow ca!c&!ation

9 Short circ&it ca!c&!ation
Page 6+ 28.06.2008
Copyright

:esults
3200
3360
7+2.110
10000
1+2.0.
168. 1+3.33. 203.+7.
G G
367.33.
3200
-00
3200
3000
-36*0
3360
+00. 0
-303.8+0
7+2.110
10000
-00
10000
10.
182.
1+2.
*0.
208.
168.
*0. .
173.33.
1+3.33.
70. .
173.+7.
203.+7.
Superposition? <oad flo. C feed 1ac-
G G
367.33.
2*. 6.78.
3200
10000
*0. *0. 70.
<oad flo.
G
G
70.
10.
2 3 2 10. 2
1*
3800 +000
+0
3000
00
00
208.0.
367.3. 173.+7.
Shortcircuit? feed 1ac-
26.
3.*2.
182.
3800 303.8+0 36*0
173.33.
Page 30 28.06.2008
Copyright

0rea- timeD
Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.
Page 31 28.06.2008
Copyright

Contact
Steffen Schmidt
Senior Cons&!tant
Siemens ./? Energy Sector
E D SE PTI NC
%reyes!e#enstr. 1
+1078 Er!angen
Phone, O*+ +131 - 3 3236*
%a<, O*+ +131 - 3 32727
E-mai!, steffen.schmidtZsiemens.com
Page 32 28.06.2008
Copyright

Than- you for your attentionD
Copyright Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Short Circuit Calculations PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Short Circuit Calculations PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Copyright

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Dimensioning of switching deices

Dynamic dimensioning of switchgear

Therma! rating of e!ectrica! deices "e.g. ca#!es$

In'&t data for

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

E&ro'ean Standard EN 60+0+

/erman Nationa! Standard DIN 0DE 0102

f&rther Nationa! Standards

Engineering 2ecommendation /3* "45$

.NSI IIEEE Std. C33.7 "4S$

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

three-'hase a.c. systems

!ow o!tage and high o!tage systems &' to 700 :0

nomina! fre6&ency of 70 8= and 60 8=

#a!anced and &n#a!anced short circ&its

three 'hase short circ&its

two 'hase short circ&its "with and witho&t earth connection$

sing!e 'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its in systems with so!id!y

two se'arate sim&!taneo&s sing!e-'hase !ine-to-earth short circ&its

ma<im&m short circ&it c&rrents

minim&m short circ&it c&rrents

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

6&asi-static state instead of dynamic ca!c&!ation

no change in the ty'e of short circ&it d&ring fa&!t d&ration

no change in the networ: d&ring fa&!t d&ration

arc resistances are not ta:en into acco&nt

im'edance of transformers is referred to ta' changer in main 'osition

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

o!tage ariations de'ending on time and '!ace?

changing of transformer ta's?

neg!ecting !oads and ca'acitances #y ca!c&!ations?

the s&#transient #ehaio&r of generators and motors.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

im'edance of 'ositie se6&ence system K im'edance of negatie

im'edance of =ero se6&ence system &s&a!!y different

to'o!ogy can #e different for =ero se6&ence system

factors are a!id in =ero? 'ositie? negatie se6&ence system

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

at :nown conditions of o'eration

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

2ed&ction of transformer im'edance

Increase of short-circ&it c&rrents

Siemens AG 2008. All rights reserved.

for contin&o&s o'eration a#oe rated o!tage,