This document describes the design of thrust blocks for bends in pipes at various bend angles (11.5, 30, 60, 90, 45 degrees). It provides the specifications for pipe diameter, soil properties, thrust calculations, and sizing of concrete thrust blocks to resist the horizontal thrust forces. Calculations are shown for lateral resistance from friction, resistance from the soil against the block, and resistance when the block can yield, to obtain the total lateral resistance and factor of safety. Reinforcement of the thrust blocks is also specified.
This document describes the design of thrust blocks for bends in pipes at various bend angles (11.5, 30, 60, 90, 45 degrees). It provides the specifications for pipe diameter, soil properties, thrust calculations, and sizing of concrete thrust blocks to resist the horizontal thrust forces. Calculations are shown for lateral resistance from friction, resistance from the soil against the block, and resistance when the block can yield, to obtain the total lateral resistance and factor of safety. Reinforcement of the thrust blocks is also specified.
This document describes the design of thrust blocks for bends in pipes at various bend angles (11.5, 30, 60, 90, 45 degrees). It provides the specifications for pipe diameter, soil properties, thrust calculations, and sizing of concrete thrust blocks to resist the horizontal thrust forces. Calculations are shown for lateral resistance from friction, resistance from the soil against the block, and resistance when the block can yield, to obtain the total lateral resistance and factor of safety. Reinforcement of the thrust blocks is also specified.
BEND ANGLE = 11.5 DEGREES DESIGN REFERENCE : APPENDIX 6.7 OF CPHEE MANUAL -1999 DIA . OF PIPE = 600 MM TYPE OF BEND : HORIZONTAL DENSITY OF SOIL = 1.8 T/Cu.M ANGLE OF REPOSE = 30 DEG. COHESION OF SOIL = 0 T/SQ.M DENSITY OF CONCRETE = 2.4 T/Cu.M SOIL COVER OVER PIPE = 600 MM TEST PRESSURE = 18 KG/CM^2 = 180 T/SQ.M SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE = 0.28 SQ.M HORIZONTAL THRUST = 10.14 T
(A) LATERAL RSISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST BY FRICTION WIDTH HEIGHT THICKNESS SIZE OF THRUST BLOCK = 1500 1500 1500 MMXMMXMM WEIGHT OF THRUST BLOCK = 7.43 T WEIGHT OF WATER IN PIPE = 0.42 T WEIGHT OF EARTH ON PIPE= 2.43 T TOTAL WEIGHT = 10.28 T FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL = 3.08 T (B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) WHEN C = O LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) SIN T = 0.50 (1+SIN T)/(1-SINT) = 3.00 LATERAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = 9.12 T ( C) LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL AT BLOCK FREE TO YIELD CONDITION LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) WHEN C= 0 LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) LATERAL RSISTANCE AT BLOCK YIELDING CONDITION = 0.36 T TOTAL LATERAL RESISTANCE =A+B+C = 12.56 T FACTOR OF SAFETY = 1.238 REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF 5 KG / SQ.M IS PROVIDED PROVIDE 10 MM BARS AT 200 MM C/C AS SKIN REINFORCEMENT BEND ANGLE = 30 DEGREES DIA . OF PIPE = 600 MM TYPE OF BEND : HORIZONTAL DENSITY OF SOIL = 1.8 T/Cu.M ANGLE OF REPOSE = 30 DEG. COHESION OF SOIL = 0 T/SQ.M DENSITY OF CONCRETE = 2.4 T/Cu.M SOIL COVER OVER PIPE = 600 MM TEST PRESSURE = 18 KG/CM^2 = 180 T/SQ.M SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE = 0.28 SQ.M HORIZONTAL THRUST = 26.21 T
(A) LATERAL RSISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST BY FRICTION WIDTH HEIGHT THICKNESS SIZE OF THRUST BLOCK = 2250 2000 1750 MMXMMXMM WEIGHT OF THRUST BLOCK = 18.23 T WEIGHT OF WATER IN PIPE = 0.49 T WEIGHT OF EARTH ON PIPE= 4.25 T TOTAL WEIGHT = 22.97 T FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL = 6.89 T (B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) WHEN C = O LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) SIN T = 0.50 (1+SIN T)/(1-SINT) = 3.00 LATERAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = 24.31 T ( C) LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL AT BLOCK FREE TO YIELD CONDITION LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) WHEN C= 0 LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) LATERAL RSISTANCE AT BLOCK YIELDING CONDITION = 0.36 T TOTAL LATERAL RESISTANCE =A+B+C = 31.56 T FACTOR OF SAFETY = 1.204 REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF 5 KG / SQ.M IS PROVIDED PROVIDE 10 MM BARS AT 200 MM C/C AS SKIN REINFORCEMENT BEND ANGLE = 60 DEGREES DIA . OF PIPE = 600 MM TYPE OF BEND : HORIZONTAL DENSITY OF SOIL = 1.8 T/Cu.M ANGLE OF REPOSE = 30 DEG. COHESION OF SOIL = 0 T/SQ.M DENSITY OF CONCRETE = 2.4 T/Cu.M SOIL COVER OVER PIPE = 600 MM TEST PRESSURE = 18 KG/CM^2 = 180 T/SQ.M SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE = 0.28 SQ.M HORIZONTAL THRUST = 50.63 T
(A) LATERAL RSISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST BY FRICTION WIDTH HEIGHT THICKNESS SIZE OF THRUST BLOCK = 2750 2750 1750 MMXMMXMM WEIGHT OF THRUST BLOCK = 31.09 T WEIGHT OF WATER IN PIPE = 0.49 T WEIGHT OF EARTH ON PIPE= 5.20 T TOTAL WEIGHT = 36.78 T FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL = 11.03 T (B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) WHEN C = O LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) SIN T = 0.50 (1+SIN T)/(1-SINT) = 3.00 LATERAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = 56.18 T ( C) LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL AT BLOCK FREE TO YIELD CONDITION LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) WHEN C= 0 LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) LATERAL RSISTANCE AT BLOCK YIELDING CONDITION = 0.36 T TOTAL LATERAL RESISTANCE =A+B+C = 67.57 T FACTOR OF SAFETY = 1.335 REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF 5 KG / SQ.M IS PROVIDED PROVIDE 10 MM BARS AT 200 MM C/C AS SKIN REINFORCEMENT BEND ANGLE = 90 DEGREES DIA . OF PIPE = 600 MM TYPE OF BEND : HORIZONTAL DENSITY OF SOIL = 1.8 T/Cu.M ANGLE OF REPOSE = 30 DEG. COHESION OF SOIL = 0 T/SQ.M DENSITY OF CONCRETE = 2.4 T/Cu.M SOIL COVER OVER PIPE = 600 MM TEST PRESSURE = 18 KG/CM^2 = 180 T/SQ.M SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE = 0.28 SQ.M HORIZONTAL THRUST = 71.59 T
(A) LATERAL RSISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST BY FRICTION WIDTH HEIGHT THICKNESS SIZE OF THRUST BLOCK = 3000 3000 1750 MMXMMXMM WEIGHT OF THRUST BLOCK = 37.13 T WEIGHT OF WATER IN PIPE = 0.49 T WEIGHT OF EARTH ON PIPE= 5.67 T TOTAL WEIGHT = 43.29 T FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL = 12.99 T (B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) WHEN C = O LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) SIN T = 0.50 (1+SIN T)/(1-SINT) = 3.00 LATERAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = 72.94 T ( C) LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL AT BLOCK FREE TO YIELD CONDITION LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) WHEN C= 0 LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) LATERAL RSISTANCE AT BLOCK YIELDING CONDITION = 0.36 T TOTAL LATERAL RESISTANCE =A+B+C = 86.28 T FACTOR OF SAFETY = 1.205 REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF 5 KG / SQ.M IS PROVIDED PROVIDE 10 MM BARS AT 200 MM C/C AS SKIN REINFORCEMENT DESIGN OF THRUST BLOCK DESIGN REFERENCE : APPENDIX 6.7 OF CPHEE MANUAL -1999 DIA . OF PIPE = 900 MM TYPE OF BEND : HORIZONTAL BEND ANGLE = 45 DEGREES DENSITY OF SOIL = 1.8 T/Cu.M ANGLE OF REPOSE = 30 DEG. COHESION OF SOIL = 0 T/SQ.M DENSITY OF CONCRETE = 2.3 T/Cu.M SOIL COVER OVER PIPE = 600 MM TEST PRESSURE = 11 KG/CM^2 = 110 T/SQ.M SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE = 0.63 SQ.M HORIZONTAL THRUST = 53.28 T
(A) LATERAL RSISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST BY FRICTION WIDTH HEIGHT THICKNESS SIZE OF THRUST BLOCK = 3200 3200 3200 MMXMMXMM WEIGHT OF THRUST BLOCK = 73.91 T WEIGHT OF WATER IN PIPE = 2.02 T WEIGHT OF EARTH ON PIPE= 11.06 T TOTAL WEIGHT = 86.99 T FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL = 26.10 T (B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) WHEN C = O LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) SIN T = 0.50 (1+SIN T)/(1-SINT) = 3.00 LATERAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = 88.52 T ( C) LATERAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL AT BLOCK FREE TO YIELD CONDITION LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) WHEN C= 0 LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) LATERAL RSISTANCE AT BLOCK YIELDING CONDITION = 0.54 T TOTAL LATERAL RESISTANCE =A+B+C = 115.15 T FACTOR OF SAFETY = 2.161 REINFORCEMENT MINIMUM SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF 5 KG / SQ.M IS PROVIDED PROVIDE 10 MM BARS AT 200 MM C/C AS SKIN REINFORCEMENT
(B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY
(B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY
(B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY
(B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY
(B) LATERAL RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL THRUST DUE TO SOIL AGAINST BLOCK LATERAL RSISTANCE DUE TO SOIL = DENSITY x (H^2/2) x L x (1+SIN T / 1-SIN T) + 2 x C x H x L SQRT(1+SIN T /1-SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY FROM THE SOIL MASS IS = DENSITY x H x (1-SIN T / 1+SIN T) + 2 x C x SQRT(1-SIN T /1+SINT) LATERRAL RESISTANCE OF SOIL WHEN THE THRUST BLOCK IS FREE TO YIELD AWAY