Aoe/Esm-4084 Solution of Homework 1: Clearall at D

ClearAll@"`"D
AOE/ESM-4084 Solution of Homework 1

a) Based on the problem statement, the design optimization problem can be
formulated as:
Minimize: mass =rLA=rLp(R
o
2
- R
i
2
M
Subject to: s =
PL
I
R
o
=
4
p
PLR
o
IR
o
4
-R
i
4
M
bs
a
t =
P
3 I
HR
o
2
+R
o
R
i
+ R
i
2
) =
4
3 p
PIR
o
2
+R
o
R
i
+R
i
2
M
IR
o
4
-R
i
4
M
b t
a
R
o
b 0.2
R
i
b 0.2
Since the mathematical optimizer has no information about preserving a
positive wall thickness for the tube, it is also important that a constraint is enforced
to maintain a small non-negative wall thickness, say for example tmin = 0.005 m.
Otherwise, the optimizer may be very happy to make the wall thickness negative and
have a negative weight for the structure. Therefore, we add a practical constraint of
the form,
R
o
- R
i
r tmin
A fancier assumption, from mechanics of materials assumption of thin-wall
sections, may be to require the mean radius to wall thickness ratio to be larger than a
constant k:

R
o
+R
i
2
R
o
-R
i
rk
Typically, k may be assumed to be 20. But this will not be used in the present
example.
example.
The wall thickness constraint, however, is not enough to ensure that the
values of the radius will not go to negative numbers. The optimizer may, again, be
perfectly happy to have a negative number for both of those variables. Therefore, in
addition to the upper bound of 0.2 meters, lower bound of 0.0 must be imposed on
the radius variables.
Substituting the numerical data into the above model and normilizing the constraints,
we have:

Minimize: f(R
i
, R
o
) = 123307 (R
o
2
- R
i
2
M
Subject to: g1 =
63662
25010
6
R
o
IR
o
4
-R
i
4
M
- 1.0 b0.0
g2 =
4244
9010
6
IR
o
2
+R
o
R
i
+R
i
2
M
IR
o
4
-R
i
4
M
- 1.0 b 0.0
g3 = 1.0 +
0.005 -R
o
R
i
b 0.0

0.0 b R
o
b 0.2
0.0 b R
i
b 0.2

Note that all three constraints are normalized such that their value is around 1.0 when
they are near critical. Other normalizations are also possible.
b) Graphical solution
Problem Constants
2 Untitled-2
rho = 7850.0
tubeLength = 5.0
pLoad = 10.0 10^3
sigAllow = 250.0 10^6
tauAllow = 90.0 10^6
7850.
5.
10 000.
2.5 10
8
9. 10
7
Objective function definition and the contours
dvX = 8Ri, Ro<
8Ri, Ro<
fobj@X_ListD := rho tubeLength Pi H XP2T^2 XP1T^2L
fobj@ dvX D
123 308. IRi
2
+ Ro
2
M
Untitled-2 3
obj = ContourPlot@ fobj@ dvXD , 8Ri, 0, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0, 0.2<,
Contours > 8 0.0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200<,
ContourShading > False, PlotPoints > 20D
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
ContourGraphics
Note that the contour line for f = 0 is the straight line with a 45-deg
slope indicating the Ro = Ri case. Mirror image of the contour
lines about this line will be the ones that will have negative
weights. Since the weith cannot be negative, the minimum weight
4 Untitled-2
weights. Since the weith cannot be negative, the minimum weight
unconstrained solution has zero weight for Ro = Ri.
Constraints boundary plots associated with critical bending and
shearing stresses (constraints g1, and g2) are defined by,
Needs@"Graphics`ImplicitPlot`"D
g1@X_ListD :=
HpLoad tubeLength 4 Pi sigAllowL XP2T I XP2T
4
XP1T
4
M 1.0
g1@ dvXD
1. +
0.000254648 Ro
Ri
4
+ Ro
4
In order to prevent mathematica to produce division by zero you
can, for the plotting purposes, change the form of the constraint
without causing the problem to change.
g1@X_ListD := HpLoad tubeLength 4 PiL XP2T
sigAllow I XP2T
4
XP1T
4
M
g1@ dvXD
63 662. Ro 2.5 10
8
IRi
4
+ Ro
4
M
g2@X_ListD := H4 pLoadL I XP2T
2
+ XP1T XP2T + XP1T
2
M
3 Pi tauAllow I XP2T
4
XP1T
4
M
g2@ dvXD
40 000. IRi
2
+ Ri Ro + Ro
2
M 8.4823 10
8
IRi
4
+ Ro
4
M
g3@X_ListD := 1.0 + H0.005 XP2TL XP1T
Untitled-2 5
g3@ dvXD
1.+
0.005 Ro
Ri
const1 = ImplicitPlot@ 8g1@dvXD == 0, g1@dvXD == 400<,
8Ri, 0.005, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.005, 0.2<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
PlotStyle 88Thickness@0.008D, GrayLevel@0.0D<,
8Thickness@0.010D, RGBColor@1.0, 0, 0D<,
8Thickness@0.008D, GrayLevel@0.0D<,
8Thickness@0.010D, RGBColor@1.0, 0, 0D<< D
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Graphics
6 Untitled-2
const2 = ImplicitPlot@ 8g2@dvXD == 0, g2@dvXD == 10<,
8Ri, 0.005, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.005, 0.2<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Graphics
Untitled-2 7
const3 = ImplicitPlot@ 8g3@dvXD == 0, g3@dvXD == .05<,
8Ri, 0.005, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.005, 0.2<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Graphics
consts =
ImplicitPlot@ 8g1@dvXD == 0, g1@dvXD == 400, g2@dvXD == 0, g2@dvXD == 10,
g3@dvXD == 0, g3@dvXD == 0.05<,
8Ri, 0.005, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.005, 0.2<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
8 Untitled-2
0.05 0.1 0.15
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Graphics
Untitled-2 9
Show@obj, constsD
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Graphics
The normal stress constraint is pushing the optimum to be as far to
the upper right as possible. That is there is a benefit in going to Ro
10 Untitled-2
the upper right as possible. That is there is a benefit in going to Ro
= Ri design (has the least area) but the stress constraint wants that
to happen as high values of the Ro and Ri as possible. Probably an
ideal tube will be the one in which the radius is infinitely large but
the tube has zero area. We have two constraints that will prevent
that from happening. First, we have an upper bound on the radii
which is defined by the upper bounds of the plot. Next, we have the
thickness constraint. So we can concentrate in the upper right cor-
ner.
obj = ContourPlot@ fobj@ dvXD , 8Ri, 0.15, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.15, 0.2<,
Contours > 8 0.0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200<,
Untitled-2 11
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
ContourGraphics
12 Untitled-2
consts =
g3@dvXD == 0, g3@dvXD == 0.05<,
8Ri, 0.15, 0.2<, 8Ro, 0.15, 0.2<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
Graphics
Untitled-2 13
Show@obj, constsD
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
Graphics
It is hard to tell from the graphics, but it looks like from the slope
of the thickness constraint g3 with respect to the slope of the con-
14 Untitled-2
of the thickness constraint g3 with respect to the slope of the con-
tour line that this constraint is preventing the Ri to go to its upper
bound. So we need to zoom around the middle portion of the plot.
obj = ContourPlot@ fobj@ dvXD , 8Ri, 0.05, 0.15<, 8Ro, 0.05, 0.15<,
Contours > 8 0.0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200<,
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
Untitled-2 15
ContourGraphics
consts =
g3@dvXD == 0, g3@dvXD == 0.05<,
8Ri, 0.05, 0.15<, 8Ro, 0.05, 0.15<,
AspectRatio 1.0,
0.06 0.08 0.12 0.14
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.14
Graphics
Show@obj, constsD
16 Untitled-2
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
Graphics
Untitled-2 17
From the figure, the optimum is likely to be at the intersection of
the two constraints, g1 and g3. From the plot this point is roughly,
xStarEstimate = 80.108594, 0.114144<
80.108594, 0.114144<
Sunstituting these values to the constraints and the objective func-
tion,
fobj@ xStarEstimate D
152.432
g1@xStarEstimateD
404.429
g2@xStarEstimateD
24 538.6
g3@xStarEstimateD
0.00506474
All constraints are satisfied with the closest margins on g1 and g3,
and the largest margin on g2. Therefore, our estimate seems to
make sense.
c) Exact solution
Using the information that we obtained graphically, we can set the
constraints g1= 0.0 and g3= 0.0 to actually determine the exact opti-
18 Untitled-2
constraints g1= 0.0 and g3= 0.0 to actually determine the exact opti-
mum. However, we have used an estimated wall thickness of 0.005
in the graphical example, we will use a parametric value of the
wall thickness in the analytical solution (since we can do that with
mathematica) to see the influence of that parameter on the solution.
g3@X_ListD := 1.0 + HwallThick XP2TL XP1T
g3@ dvXD
1.+
Ro + wallThick
Ri
solution1 = Solve@8g1@dvXD == 0.0, g3@dvXD == 0.0<, dvXD
::Ri 1. 0.5 wallThick I6.28438 10
9
1.08849 10
10
IM
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L +
II2.46787 10
13
4.27448 10
13
IM wallThick
3
M
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L
1
wallThick
II8.44183 10
16
+ 1.46217 10
15
IM
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551
10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ,
Ro 0.5 wallThick + II1.34006 10
15
2.32105 10
15
IM
I4.68964 10
24
wallThick + 1.84162 10
28
wallThick
4
MM
IwallThick I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM
1
wallThick
II8.44183 10
16
+ 1.46217 10
15
IM
Untitled-2 19
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862
10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM>,
:Ri 1. 0.5 wallThick I6.28438 10
9
+ 1.08849 10
10
IM
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L +
II2.46787 10
13
+ 4.27448 10
13
IM wallThick
3
M
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L
1
wallThick
II8.44183 10
16
1.46217 10
15
IM
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551
10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ,
Ro 0.5 wallThick + II1.34006 10
15
+ 2.32105 10
15
IM
I4.68964 10
24
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM
1
wallThick
II8.44183 10
16
1.46217 10
15
IM
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862
10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM>,
:Ri 1. 0.5 wallThick + 1.25688 10
10
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L
I4.93574 10
13
wallThick
3
M I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
20 Untitled-2
,
I
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ,
Ro 0.5 wallThick I2.68011 10
15
I4.68964 10
24
wallThick +
1.84162 10
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862
10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM>>
The solution is quite complicated. To determine the number of solu-
tions we use Length[]
Length@ solution1D
3
To determine the meaningful solution, we will plot Ri as a function
of the wall thickness for each solution.
Untitled-2 21
Plot@ Ri . solution1@@1DD , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<D
Plot::plnr : Ri . solution1P1T is not a machinesize
real number at wallThick = 4.16666666666666607`*^-9.
real number at wallThick = 0.0331735379911426386`.
General::stop :
Further output of Plot::plnr will be suppressed during this calculation.
0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
Graphics
22 Untitled-2
Plot@ Ri . solution1@@2DD , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<D
General::stop :
0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
Graphics
Untitled-2 23
Plot@ Ri . solution1@@3DD , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<,
AxesLabel > 8tmin, Ri<D
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Ri
Graphics
Clearly, only the third solution is meaningful. It is also interesting
that for small values of the wall thickness constraint, the value of
Ro becomes very high, exceeding the upper bound of Ro <= 0.2 .
That means that the wall thickness constraint is no longer active at
those levels. Also note that for large values of the wall thickness,
the Ro seems to become negative. Redefining the plot range, we
have
24 Untitled-2
Plot@ Ri . solution1@@3DD , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<,
PlotRange > 80.0, 0.2<, AxesLabel > 8tmin, Ri<D
0.02 0.04 0.06
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
Ri
Graphics
For the selected value of wall thickness of tmin = 0.05, we will
have the optimal solution,
xStar = dvX . solution1@@3DD . wallThick > 0.005
90.111541 + 1.59595 10
16
I, 0.116541 + 1.52656 10
16
I=
The imaginary parts of the solution is actually 0.0,
Untitled-2 25
xStar = Re@ dvX . solution1@@3DD . wallThick > 0.005 D
80.111541, 0.116541<
fobj@ xStar D
g1@xStarD
g2@xStarD
g3@xStarD . wallThick > 0.005
140.621
1.18234 10
11
23 611.9
0.
If we did not put the wall thickness constraints, then we would
have hit the upper bound on the radius variables, but note that Ro
would have to be at its upper bound (not Ri) because Ro = 0.2
would result in Ri value that violates the upper bound constraint.
solution2 = Solve@8g1@dvXD == 0.0 . Ro > 0.2 <, RiD
88Ri 0.198389<, 8Ri 0.198389 I<, 8Ri 0.198389 I<, 8Ri 0.198389<<
xStar2 = dvX . Flatten@ 8solution2@@4DD, Ro > 0.2 < D
80.198389, 0.2<
26 Untitled-2
fobj@ xStar2 D
g1@xStar2D
g2@xStar2D
79.1348
6.00267 10
11
38 438.6
This is a much lighter structure. However, the down side is, the
wall thickness is quite small (about 1.6 mili meter) compared to the
outside diameter of 200 mili meter. This is a highly unrealistic
design.
smallWallThick = xStar2@@2DD xStar2@@1DD
0.00161091
What Is Hapenning around wall thickness of 0.06...?
For curiosity, we can also plot the constraints at optimal solution
as a function of the wall thickness for the solution1 case
Untitled-2 27
solution1@@3DD
:Ri 1. 0.5 wallThick +
1.25688 10
10
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L
I4.93574 10
13
wallThick
3
M I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+
2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862
10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ,
Ro 0.5 wallThick I2.68011 10
15
I4.68964 10
24
wallThick +
1.84162 10
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM>
g1ofWallThick = g1@dvXD . solution@@3DD
28 Untitled-2
63 662. 0.5 wallThick
I2.68011 10
15
I4.68964 10
24
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862
10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM
2.5 10
8
1. 0.5 wallThick + 1.25688 10
10
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838
10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L I4.93574 10
13
wallThick
3
M
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^
H1 3L +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+
2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ^4 +
0.5 wallThick I2.68011 10
15
I4.68964 10
24
wallThick +
1.84162 10
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^
H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+
2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ^4
Untitled-2 29
g2ofWallThick = g2@dvXD . solution@@3DD;
g3ofWallThick = g3@dvXD . solution@@3DD;
Plot@ g1ofWallThick , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<, AxesLabel > 8tmin, g1<D
Plot::plnr : g1ofWallThick is not a machinesize
real number at wallThick = 4.16666666666666607`*^-9.
General::stop :
0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Graphics
30 Untitled-2
Since the g1 and g3 are solved as critical constraints, their plot is
mostly zero, except some numerical noise. We therefore check to
see if g2 becomes critical.
Plot@ g2ofWallThick , 8wallThick, 0.0, 0.1<, AxesLabel > 8tmin, g2<D
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
g2
Graphics
Finally, we can make a plot of the optimal objective function as a
function of the wall thickness.
Untitled-2 31
fStar = fobj@dvXD . solution@@3DD
General::spell1 :
Possible spelling error: new symbol name "fStar" is similar
to existing symbol "xStar".
123 308.
1. 0.5 wallThick + 1.25688 10
10
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838
10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L I4.93574 10
13
wallThick
3
M
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3L +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+
1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+
2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ^2 +
0.5 wallThick I2.68011 10
15
I4.68964 10
24
wallThick +
1.84162 10
28
wallThick
4
MM
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^
H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
I4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
MM^H1 3LM ^2
32 Untitled-2
Plot@fStar, 8wallThick, 0.005, 0.06<, AxesLabel > 8tmin, fStar<D
LM
H L
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
H4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
LM^
H1 3LMN^
2 +
J0.5 wallThick H2.68011 10
15
H4.68964 10
24
28
wallThick
4
LL
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
H4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
LM^
H1 3LM +
1
wallThick
I1.68837 10
15
I3.3069 10
39
wallThick
3
9.90352 10
27
wallThick
6
+
,
H4.12551 10
74
wallThick
3
+ 1.57958 10
79
wallThick
6
1.90862 10
82
wallThick
9
+ 2.49838 10
85
wallThick
12
LM^
H LMN
Graphics
Untitled-2 33

Aoe/Esm-4084 Solution of Homework 1: Clearall at D

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