COUPLINGS

1. Sleeve or muff-coupling
Outer diameter of the sleeve
D = 2 d + 13 mm
Lenght of the sleeve,
L = 3 . 5d
D = Diameter of the shaft





Let T = Torque to be transmitted by the coupling
fs1 = Permissible shear stress for the matrial of the sleeve which
is cast iron. (140 kg/cm2)

2. Clamp or compression coupling








Diameter of the muff or sleeve
D = 2 d + 13 mm
Lenght of the sleeve,
L = 3 . 5d

3. Design of muff and key
The muff and key are designed in the similar way as discussed in muff
coupling
4. Design of clamping bolts
Let T = torque transmitted by the shaft,
d = diameter of shaft,
d
b
= root or effective diameter of the bolt,
N = number of bolts,
f
t
= permissible tensile stress in the bolt material,
= coefficient or friction between the muff and the shaft, and
L = length of muff,
We know that the force exerted by each bolt

Force exerted by each bolt on each side of the saft,

Let p be the pressure on the shaft and the muff surface due to the force, then
for uniform pressure distribution over the surface,

Frictional force between each shaft and muff,

and the torque that can be transmitted by the coupling,

From this relation, the root diameter of the bolt (d
b
) may be evaluated.
Solution : given. Horsepower transmitted,
P = 40 h.p
Speed of the shaft,
N =100 r.p.m
Allowable shear stress for the shaft and key,
f
s
=400kg/cm
2

Number of bolts, n = 6
Permissible tensile stress for the bolts,
f
t
= 700 kg/cm
2

Coefficient of friction between the muff and the shaft surface,
= 0.3
First of all, let us find the torque transmitted by the shaft.
Let T = Torque transmitted by the shaft

Using the relation

1. Design of the shaft
Let d = diameter of the shaft
Using the relation

with usual notations

or

Ans

2. Design for muff
Diameter of muff,

Ans
Total length of the muff,
Ans
3. Design for key
The width and the thickness of the key for shaft diameter of 75 mm
(from table 13.1) are as follows :
Width of the key,
w = 22 mm Ans
Thickness of the key,
t = 14 mm Ans
Length of the key,
= Total length of the muff
= 26.25 cm Ans
4. Design for the bolts
Let d
b
= root diameter of the bolt
Using the relation

with using usual notations

or

13.16 Design of flange coupling
Consider a flange coupling as shown in Fig. 13.12 and 13.13.
Let d = Diameter of the shaft or inner diameter of the hub,
D = Outer diameter of the hub,
D1 = Nominal or outside diameter of bolt,
D1 = diameter of bolt circle,
N = number of bolts,
T
f
= thickness of flange
f
s
= allowable shear stress for the shaft, bolt and key material,
f
s1
= Allowable shear stress for the flange material i.e cast iron, and
f
c
= allowable crushing stress for bolt and key material.

(1) Design for hub
The hub is designed by considering it a hollow shaft, transmitting the same
torque as that of a solid shaft.

(2) Design for flange
The flange at the junction of the hub is under shear while transmitting the
torque T.

Load on each bolt

total load on each bolt

And the torque transmitted,

Area resisting crushing of all the bolts

And the crushing strength of all the bolts

From this equation the induced crushing stress in the bolts n be checked.
The other proportions are taken as follows :
Outer diameter of the flange

Thickness of the protective circumferential flange


(1) Design for hub
The outer diameter of the hub is given by

=16 cm
Considering the hub as a hollow shaft, we shall check the induced
shear stress for the hub material which is cast iron. We know that

Since the induced shear stress is less than 800 kg/cm
2
; therefore it is
safe.
(2) Design for key
From Table 13.1, the proportion of key for 8 cm diameter shaft are :
Width of key, w = 22 mm
= 2.2 cm
Thickness of key, t = 14 mm
= 1.4 cm
The length of the key is obtained by considering the key in shearing
and crushing. We know that

Also

(considering crushing of key)

Taking larger of two values, we have length of the key,

Design for flange
The thickness of the flange is taken as healf the diameter of shaft, i.e.

Considering the flange at the junction of the hub under shear, we shall
check the induced shearing stress in the flange. We know that

Since the induced shear stress in the flange is less than 80 km/cm
2
,
therefore it is safe.
Deisgn for bolts
Since the diameter of shaft is 8 cm, therefore
Number of bolts = 4 Ans
Pitch circle diameter of the bolts,

Let d1 be the diameter of the bolts. Since the bolts are subjected to
shear stress due to the torque transmitted, therefore

Or

Assuming coarse threads, the nearst standard size of bolt is

Considering the crushing of the bolts, we shall check the induced
crushing stress in the bolts. We know that

Since the induced crushing stress of the bolt material is less than 1,500
kg/cm
2
, therefore it is safe.
The other proportions are taken as follows :
Outer diameter of the flange

Thickness of the protective circumferential flange


Example 13.6 (S.I Units). A marine type flange coupling is used to
transmit 3.75 MW at 150 r.p.m. The allowable shear stress in the shaft
and bolts may be taken as 50 N/mm2. Determine the shaft diameter
and the diameter of the bolts. (London University)
Solution
Given. Horse power transmitted,




Speed
Allowable shear stress in the shaft and bolts,

Diameter of the shaft
Let d = Diameter

Using the relation

We know that the torque transmitted,

Diameter of the bolts
Let
From the table 13.2, we find that the number of bolts for shaft diameter
of 300 mm are 10, i.e

And pitch circle diameter of the bolts,

since the bolts are subjected to shear stress due to the torque
transmitted, therefore

According to IS : 4218-1967 (table 10.1), the standard size of the bolt
is M 56 Ans.
In designing the bushed-pin flexible coupling, the proportions of the
rigid type flange coupling are modified. The main modification is to
reduce the bearing pressure on the rubber or the leather bushes and it
should not exceed5 kg/cm2. In order to keep the low bearing pressure,
the pitch circle diameter and the pin size is increased.
Let l = length of the bush in the flange
D2 = diameter of the bush
Pb = bearing pressure on the bush or pin
N=number of pins, and
D=diameter of pitch circle of the pins
The bearing load acting on each pin,

total bearing load on the bush or pins

And the torque transmitted by the coupling

We know that the bending stress,

Since the pin is subjected to bending and shear stresses, therefore the
design must be checked either for the maximum principal stress or
maximum shear stress by the following relations.
Maximum principal stress

+
And the maximum shear stress on the pin

We know that the torque transmitted,

We have discussed in rigid type of flange coupling that the number of
bolts for 50 mm diameter shaft are 4. In the flexible coupling, we shall
use the number of pins as 6.
N= 6 Ans
Diameter of the pins,

Overall diameter of rubber bush,

And diameter of the pitch circle of the pins,

Let l= length of the bush in the flange
We know that the bearing load acting on each pin,

And the torque transmitted by the coupling,

And

direct stress due to pure torsion in the coupling halves,

)
(

)
Bending stress,

Maximum principal stress

And maximum shear stress

In the designing a universal coupling, the shaft diameter and the pin
diameter is obtained as discussed below. The other dimensions of the
coupling are fixed by proportions as shown in Fig. 13.18
Let T = Torque to be transmitted by the shafts,
D = diameter of the shaft
Dp = diameter of the pin, and
Fs and fs1 = allowable shear stress for the material of the shaft and pin
respectively.
We know that

Or

Since the pin is in double shear, therefore

Note. When a single Hooks coupling is used, the ratio of the driving
and driven shaft is given by

co

co

Where n = speed of the driving shaft in r.p.m
N1 = speed of the driven shaft in r.p.m
Angle of inclination of the shafts
Angle of the driving shaft from the position where the pins of the
driving shaft fork are in the plane of the two shafts.
Example 13.8 an universal coupling is used to connect two mild steel
shaft transmitting a torque of 500kg-m. assuming that the shafts are
subjected to torsion only, find the diameter of the shafts and pins. The
allowable shear stresses for the shaft and pin may be taken as 600
kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2 respectively.


Solution
Given. Torque to be transmitted,
T= 500 kg.m = 50,000 kg-cm
Allowable shear stress in the shafts,
fs = 600 kg/cm2
allowable shear stress in the pins
fs1 = 280 kg/cm2
Diameter of the shafts
Let d= Dameter of the shafts
Using the relation

with usual notations

Diameter of the pins
Let dp = Diameter of the pins
Using he relation

with usual notations