A Call To Migrate (Hijrah)

3
ACalltoMigrate
FromtheLandsoftheDisbelievers
TotheLandsoftheMuslims
By:ShaykhAbdalAzzbinSlihalJarb
4
TableofContents
Introduction 5
DefiningtheTermDr 10
DefiningtheTermHijrah 14
TheRulingonHijrahfromDralIslmtoDralKufr 15
TheFourSituationsofthePotentialMuhjir,andTheirRelevantRulings 20
TheRealityofOpenlyPracticingOnesReligion 36
PrinciplesUponthePathofHijrah 41
Conclusion 51
Appendix1:TheMuslimsBornintheLandsoftheDisbelievers 53
Appendix2:HijrahTotheLandsofKufr 56
Appendix3: ToWhereShouldOneMakeHijrah? 57
5
Introduction
1
Verily,allpraiseisduetoAllh.WepraiseHim,weseekHisAssistance,andwe
seekHisforgiveness,andweseekHisGuidance,andweseekrefugewithAllh
fromtheevilsofoursouls,andfromthemistakesinouractions.Whomsoever
AllhGuides,heistrulyguided,andwhomsoeverAllhleadsastray,youwill
findnoguidingpartnerforhim.
AndItestifythatthereisnoneworthyofworshipbesidesAllhalone,withno
partnersandItestifythatMuhammadisHisservantandMessenger.May
bountifulpeaceandblessingsbeuponhimuntiltheDayofResurrection.
Asforwhatfollows:
Thebelievershavehadarecenttasteofthecallsofthedelinquentsinour
societiesthosewhoseektodeceivetheirreligionandUmmahfortheMuslims
togatherandlivewiththedisbelievers,andthatwemustfearforourselvesfrom
ourselvesnotfromtheWest,andnotfromthedisbelieving,apostate
governmentsandthatthereisnoproblemwhatsoeverforusinlivingwiththe
JewsandChristians,orwiththeregimesthatservethem,andthattheproblem
withtheWestandtheapostateregimesisinlivingwithus.
ThesedeceiversareconfusedbetweenthemercyandfreedomgivenbyIslmto
thePeopleoftheBookaverynarrow,specificfreedomversustakingthemas
allies,andbetweenthedelayingofimplementingtherulingsofapostasyupon
theapostatesduetothelackofabilitytodosoversuslovingtolivewiththem,
sincetheyhaveneverbeenexposedtothetruenatureofthisreligion.Theylack
deepfaithinthisbelief,andtheydonotrealizethenatureofthebattlebetween
usandtheenemiesofAllh,whoareofvariousbeliefs,someevenbeingfrom
thosewhoascribethemselvestoIslm.
ThesehirelingshaveconfusedtheMuslims,claimingthattheenmitybetween
theMuslimsandtheJews,Christians,andapostateregimesissimplyonebased
onmaterialandsocialissues,andthatitisuponustorespecttheirdistorted

1
Translatorsnote:unlessotherwiseindicated,allfootnotesandcommentsarefromtheauthor,
andarefoundintheoriginalbook,exceptforthereferencingofversesandahdth,whichwere
alladdedbythetranslator.Anycommentsaddedbytranslatorwillbefollowedwitha(TN).
6
religions,andtotoleratefreedomofthoughtfortheapostates,andthatbetween
usandthemarecommonpointsofagreement,andthatIslmfocusesonthese
commonpoints,andthatweshouldnotfocusonthepointsofdispute,andthat
theMuslimsmuststandwiththeChristiansandapostatesagainstatheismand
oppression,sincetheyarePeopleoftheBook,andtheapostatesareoriginally
Muslim.Toproveallofthis,theywentanddugoutthetextsthatserveto
supporttheirposition,sayingthatAllhSaid:

{Butiftheyinclinetopeace,youalsoinclinetoit,andtrustinAllh.Verily,He
istheAllHearer,theAllKnower.}
1

{Therefore,openlyproclaimthatwhichyouwerecommanded,andturnaway
fromthepolytheists.}
2

{Today,thegoodfoodsandthefoodofthePeopleoftheBookarelawfulfor
you,andyourfoodislawfulforthem}
3
Andtheyforgotor,causedthemselvestoforgetthatAllhtheExaltedhas
converselySaid:

{Andfightthemuntilthereisnomorefitnah.Butiftheycease,lettherebeno
transgressionexceptagainstthewrongdoers.}
4

1
alAnfl;61

2
alHijr;94

3
alMidah;5

4
alBaqarah;193

7
{Andkillthemwhereveryoufindthem,andexpelthemfromwheretheyhave
expelledyou}
1

{Andfightthemuntilthereisnomorefitnah,andtheReligionwillallbefor
Allh.But,iftheycease,certainly,AllhisAllSeerofwhattheydo.}
2

{So,whenyoumeetthedisbelievers(inbattle),smiteattheirnecksuntilyou
havekilledandwoundedmanyofthem.Then,bindabondfirmlyonthem(i.e.
takethemascaptives)}
3

{OProphet!Strivehardagainstthedisbelieversandthehypocrites,andbe
severeagainstthem.AndtheirabodewillbeHell,andwhataterrible
destination.}
4

{Oyouwhobelieve!Fightthoseofthedisbelieverswhoareclosetoyou,andlet
themfindharshnessinyou,andknowthatAllhiswiththerighteous.}
5
andotherthanthisoftheversesandahdththatconfirmtheobligationof
opposingthesepeople,andfightingthemuntiltheyacceptIslm,andifoneis
unabletofightthem,theleastheshoulddoistoseparatehimselffromthemand
emigratefromtheirlandsthelandsofkufr.

1
alBaqarah;191

2
alAnfl;39

3
Muhammad;4
4
atTahrm;9

5
atTawbah;123
8
Verily,thesimplemindedoneisignorantandheedlessoftheserealities,suchas
thosewhosugarcoattheissuesoftheirreligioninourtimes,wheretheysaythat
weareabletoputourhandsinthehandsofthesepeople,standwiththem
againstatheismandmaterialism,anddescribeasallaspeopleofreligion,under
thesamesky,forgettingtheteachingsofourQurnandReligion,and
forgettingthelessonsofhistory.Thesearethesamepeoplewhoturnedthe
MushriknagainstthebelieversinMakkahandMadnah,andsincethesunofthis
Dawahhasriseninthatera,thisera,andeveryera,theyhavebeentheones
incitingtheCrusaderwarsagainsttheMuslimsinPalestine.Theyweretheones
whomadeourlandsopenfortheJewscooperatinginthiswithmaterialistic
disbelieversandtheyaretheoneswhoaredisplacingtheMuslimsinEthiopia,
Somalia,Algeria,Eritrea,Yugoslavia,China,Turkistan,India,Kashmir,the
Philippines,andineveryplace.Theyaretheoneswho,atthistime,havecome
downwiththeirfullmilitaryforceinChechnya,andtheyarenowconspiring
againsttheTalibanmovement,
1
andtheyhavenohelpersinthisotherthanthese
slaveregimes.Afterallofthis,wehavethosewhosaythatitispossibleforusto
livewiththemandaccepttheirdistortedreligions.
Thosewhomakethisclaim,theydonotreadtheQurn.Iftheyreadit,they
certainlydontunderstandit,andiftheyunderstandit,theycertainlymixed
someportionsofitupwithothers,becauseIslmisnotingrainedintheirdepths,
norintheiremotions.Forthem,itisnotabeliefbesideswhichAllhwillaccept
noother,norisitareligionthatmustovercomeallothers.
Thisbattlewiththedisbelieversisabattleofbeliefs.Itisnotabattlebroughton
byadisputeoversomesmallpieceofland,oralanguagedifference,ormilitary
buildups,oreconomics,ormoderntechnology,orculturalprogression,oranyof
theseotherbannersthatconstantlyriseandfall.Infact,itisnotevenduetotheir
enmitytowardsus!
2
Rather,itisabattlebasedonbeliefandreligion.Justasthey
fightusfromthisstandpoint,itisnotpossiblethatwecanevercometogether
withthem,solongasthereisheatinthesummer,theSunrisesoverland,and
animalsrunaroundinthewilderness.Rather,whatisobligatoryisthatwefight
themwithallthatwehavebeengivenofpower,andifweareunabletodothis,
wemustabandonthemandemigratefromtheirlands,andservetowakethe

1
ThisbookwaswrittenpriortotheAmericaninvasionofAfghanistanthatresultedinthe
Talibantemporarilylosingauthoritythere.(TN)
2
ShaykhMuhammadbinIbrhmlashShaykhwroteaconcisetreatiseexpoundinguponthe
reasonsforfightingandwagingJihdagainstthedisbelievers,titled:FightingThemBecauseof
TheirDisbelief,andthisisfoundinthe6
th
volumeofhisRasil.
9
Muslimsupfromtheirsleep.ThisisfromthemostcrucialofwhattheMuslim
candotoservehisreligion,andthesefewlinesarenothingbutanobjective
discussionofthisissue,andanattempttospreadawareness,ashijrahfromthe
landsofkufrtothelandsofIslmisfromthefirststepsthatcanbetakenupon
thispaththepathofseparationbetweenthebelieversandthetyrantsofthe
Earth,thepathofcallingtoAllh,thepathoftheProphets,thetruthful,the
martyrs,andtherighteous,andwhatgreatcompanionsarethese!Itmightbe
thatthesefewlinesandthewordsthattheycontainwillserveasatorchtolight
thispathtochangingthegrimrealityinwhichwefindourselves,asweareina
situationthatnobodycanenvyusover.
Hijrahhastwopurposesbehindit:
a) Toescapefromfitnah,outoffearoftheevilofshirk,asthemoreoneisin
contactwithanenvironment,themorehebecomesdesensitizedtoit.In
fact,aMuslimmightevenadoptthetheoreticoutlookofthedisbelievers
(weaskAllhtoprotectusfromthisevil).
b) ToaidintheprocessoffightingagainsttheenemiesofAllh,bymoving
tojointheMuslims,aidingthem,workingtounitetheirranks,andbeing
freetocalltoandspreadtheReligion,whichAllhhascommandedusto
spreadtothepeople
Beforeclarifyingthisevenfurther,itisnecessarytofirstclarifywhatismeantby
thetermsDralHarbandDralIslm,aswellasthevarioustypesoflands.
10
WhatisMeantBytheTermDr

Thistermhastwomeanings;onegeneral,theother,specific.
ThespecificdefinitioniswhattheFuqahdefinedasaplotoflandforwhich
therearebordersthatsurroundhomes,grazingareasforanimals,and
agriculture,nothavingaroof.So,itcontainsplantsforthesustenanceand
benefitofitsinhabitants,asisfoundinRaddalMihtraladDurralMukhtr.
1
Thegeneraldefinitionofthetermdristhatitisaplacethatcombinesopen
spaceandbuildings.Thistermcanalsobeappliedtoanypieceofland.The
authorofMujamalLughahsaid:Adrisalivingspacethatcombines
buildingswithwhatsurroundsthem,asAllhSaid:

{Theyenteredtheveryinnermostpartsofyourhomes(diyr),anditwasa
promisefulfilled.}
2

{Didyounotseethosewhowentforthfromtheirhomes(diyrihim)}
3
So,fromhere,weareabletosaythatadrcouldbeacity,aregion,acountry,or
evenavillage.Whatisimportantisthatitcontainsagroupofpeoplewholivein
anypartofthisland,whoruleovereveryaspectofitsaffairs,whethertheyrule
bylawsthataredivine,ormanmade.Wecanalsosaythatadrisaregionof
land,containingsmallerpiecesoflandthatfallunderitsrule.
Inourcurrenttimes,andbasedonmoderncustom,wecansaythatadrisa
country,definedasacollectionofsmallerstates,withauthorityovercertain
piecesofland,withitsownbordersandplacesofresidence.So,therulerofthis
landwhetherheisreferredtoasthekhalfah,amralmuminn,etc.isthehead

1
ThisbookwaswrittenbyMuhammadAmnbinUmarbinAbdalAzzbinAhmadbinAbd
arRahmbinNajmadDn(died1252H),morecommonlyknownasIbnbidn,andthebookis
averyfamousmanualofHanafFiqhmorecommonlyknownasHshiyatIbnbidn.(TN)

2
alIsr;5

3
alBaqarah;243
11
authorityofthisland.Thisiswhatwasmeantbythetermdawlahwhenitwas
usedbytheFuqahwritingaboutIslmicpolitics,rulingsofleadership,etc.The
overallconclusionofthisisthatwecansaythatacountryisestablishedupon
threefoundations:theland,thecitizensofthatland,andforce(tokeepthose
citizensincheck).
Andacountryiscomposedofacollectionofsmallergovernmentsandstates,
suchthateachstateplaysitspartintheoverallfunctioningofthenation,with
eachstateworkingtogethertofulfillanoverallgoal,whichistolookafterthe
worldlyandreligiousinterestsoftheMuslims.
TheTypesofDiyr
DralIslm,andthisisdefinedaseverypieceoflandinwhichthe
rulingsofIslmareinauthority.ashShfisaid:Itiseverylandinwhich
therulingsofIslmareapparent.
Othershavesaid:Theremustnotbeasingleaspectoftherulingsofkufr
presentinit,suchasdenialofaProphet,anybookfromtheBooksof
Allh,mockeryofanyaspectoftheReligion,oratheism.
Othershavesaid:AnylandinwhichthecallofIslmisapparentfromits
people,withoutanyimpediment,andinwhichtheruleoftheMuslimsis
implementeduponthedhimms(iftheyhappentolivethere),andthe
peopleofinnovationdonothavesuperiorityoverthepeopleofthe
Sunnah.
Othershavesaid:AnylandinwhichtheMuslimslive,evenifothers
residetheiralongwiththem,oranylandinwhichtheruleoftheMuslims
isuppermost.
So,theIslmiclandsarealltheregionsthatareundertheruleofthe
Muslims,withtheinhabitantsofthoselandsbeingthosewholivewithin
theirbordersofMuslims,aswellasdhimmswiththeleadership
applyingtheIslmiclaws.
DralKufr,andthisisanylandinwhichthelawsofthedisbelieversis
uppermost,andwithwhichthereisnowarwiththeMuslims,andits
rulingisthesameasthatofaDralHarbthathasatreatywiththe
12
Muslims.So,everyDralHarbisclassifiedasDralKufr,butnotvice
versa.
DrMurakkabah(mixed),andthisisalandwhichcontainsboth
elements:itisnotalandofIslm,inwhichthelawsofIslmareapplied,
butitisalsonotaDralHarb,withitsinhabitantsbeingdisbelievers.
Rather,itisathirdcategory,inwhichtheMuslimistreatedashedeserves
tobetreated,andtheonewhorebelsagainsttheSharahofIslmisfought
ashedeservestobefought,asIbnTaymiyyahmentionedinalFatwal
Kubr(4/331)andMajmalFatw(28/142).
DralHarb,anditisanylandinwhichthereisastateofwarbetween
thebelieversandthedisbelievers.So,DralHarbistheDralKufrthatis
atwarwiththeMuslims.
DralAhd(covenant),anditiseverylandthathasmadepeacewiththe
Muslimsbynotfightingthem.
DralBagh(rebellion),anditisdefinedasthepartofDralIslmfrom
whichagroupoftheMuslimshavebrokenaway,outofadesiretorebel
againsttheMuslimrulerofthatland.
Andthereferencepointsforknowingthedetailsofthesedefineddiyrarethe
booksofFiqh,wherethesedefinitionsarewidespread.Itshouldbenotedthat
someoftheschoolsofFiqh(madhhib)considerthatthereareonlythreetypesof
diyr,somesayfour,andsoon.Therefore,whoeverdesiresfurtherdetailin
regardstothissubject,heshouldrefertoagroupofthewellknownbooksof
Fiqh,withoutlimitinghimselftojustoneofthem,duetotheexpansivenessofthe
topic.
So,whatismeantbyDralIslmisanylandinwhichtheruleoftheMuslimsis
beingimplemented,orisinhabitedbytheMuslims,eveniftheyshareitwith
others,orinwhichthelawsofIslmareuppermost,oralltheregionsthatare
undertheruleoftheMuslims,withtheinhabitantsofthoselandsbeingthose
wholivewithintheirbordersofMuslims,aswellasdhimmswiththe
leadershipapplyingtheIslmiclaws.
13
Conversely,DralKufristhatlandinwhichtheruleofthedisbelieversis
uppermost,
1
anditsrulingisthesameasthatofaDralHarbthathasatreaty
withtheMuslims,aseveryDralHarbisDralKufr,butnotviceversa.

1
ShaykhAbdalAzzcommented:Andfromthatwhichshouldbeknownisthatthereare
issuesthatconstitutekufrthatarenotknownexcepttothescholarsandstudentsofknowledge,
duetotheirbeingverypreciseandhidden.Therefore,suchissuesarenotconsideredtobethe
opendisbelief(kufrbawh)thatisunderstoodbythemajorityoftheMuslims.Forexample,ruling
byotherthanwhatAllahrevealedinsomeissues,withtheagreementthatitiskufraccordingto
thecategorizationofShaykhMuhammadbinIbrhm,thereistoomuchconfusionregardingthis
onthepartofthegeneralpopulationofMuslimstoobligateHijrahuponthemfromsuchaland,
andtodeclarethemsinnersfornotmigrating.ThisiswhyIslmcameandrestrictedsucha
situationtothatkufrforwhichthereisaprooffromAllh,suchthattheaverageMuslimwill
understanditbeforethescholars.Thisservesasaprotectionfortheonerebellingagainstthe
rulerfromhavingtoenterintoconflictwiththegeneralpopulation,inwhichtheywouldfight
himwhileheistheoneuponthetruth!However,thelackofopenkufrbeingcommittedhasled
toconfusiononthepartofthepeople.So,thisrebellionagainsttherulerandremovalofhimor
Hijrahinthecaseofthosewhocannotrebelagainsthimisnecessitatedinthecaseofthisopenly
committed,clearcutkufr.Andthepurposebehindthisconditioninthehadthisnottoprotectthe
apostateruler.Rather,itistoprotectthebelieverwhoseekstorebelagainsthim,seekingtheFace
ofAllh,andwhosereasonsforrebellingarevalid,andwhohasseenthatwhichisnodoubtkufr,
butisnotopen,clearcutkufr(bawh).Additionally,itistoprotecttherulerwhohasmadeafalse
interpretation(tawl)intheSharortheArabiclanguage.Likewise,itistopreventtheshedding
ofthebloodoftheMuslims.
14
Hijrah:LinguisticandIslmicDefinitions
Asforitslinguisticmeaning,itiswritteninLisnalArab,ofIbnMandhr,as
wellasTjalArs,ofazZubayd,thattherootwordhajaraistheoppositeof
connection,anditmeanstoseveretieswithsomething,andthewordhijrahis
inthehadth:Abandonment(hijrah) ofsomeonebeyondthreedays isnot
allowed.
1
AsforitsmeaningintheSharah,then,inshort:itistoleaveDralHarbforDr
alIslm,asIbnalArab(mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)saidinAhkmal
Qurn.
InalMughn,IbnQudmahalMaqdissaid:ItistoleaveDralKufrforDral
Islm.
SadbinAtq(mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)said,inadDurarasSaniyyah:
Itistorelocateoneselffromtheplacesofpolytheismanddisobediencetothe
placesofIslmandobedience.

1
Ahmad(8960)andMuslim(2562)

15
TheRulingonHijrahfromDralKufrtoDralIslm
ThepeopleofknowledgemayAllhhaveMercyuponallofthemhave
differedoverthebasicrulingofHijrahisitongoing?Hasitbeenabrogated?
Therearetwoopinionsonthis,withnothird,andthisdifferenceofopinionis
theresultofthevariationsamongstthescholarsinunderstandingtheproofsand
theirmeanings.
Thefirstopinionisthatithasbeenabrogated,andthattheoriginalrulingofthe
obligationofHijrahhasbeencutoff.Mostofthosewhoholdthisviewareofthe
Hanafs.alJasssconfirmedthisinhisbookAhkmalQurn,wherehesaid,
regardingtheSayingofAllh:

{Sodonottakeawliyfromthem,tilltheymigrateintheWayofAllh}
1
ThismeansandAllhKnowsbestuntiltheyacceptIslmandmigrate,since
HijrahoccursafteroneacceptsIslm,andiftheyacceptIslm,thereisnoalliance
betweenusandthem,exceptaftertheymakeHijrah,andthisislikeHisSaying:

{youowenodutyofprotectiontothemuntiltheymigrate}
2
andthiswaswhenHijrahwasanobligation,andtheProphet(peacebeupon
him)said:IamfreeofeveryMuslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,and
IamfreeofeveryMuslimwholiveswithapolytheist.Itwasaskedofhim:
Why,OMessengerofAllh?Hereplied:Noneofthemshouldseeanylight
comingfrom(thehouseof)theother.
3
So,HijrahwasobligatoryuntilMakkah
wasconquered,afterwhichtheobligationofHijrahwasabrogated.Ithasbeen
narrated,ontheauthorityofIbnAbbs,thattheMessengerofAllh(peacebe
uponhim)said,onthedayoftheconqueringofMakkah:Thereisnomore
Hijrah.Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.So,ifyouarecalledforth,

1
anNis;89

2
alAnfl;72
3
AbDwd(2645),andalAlbndeclareditsahh

16
goforth.
1
Also,AbSadalKhudrnarratedthatamanaskedtheMessenger
ofAllh(peacebeuponhim)regardingHijrah,towhichtheProphetsaid:Woe
toyou!Verily,theaffairofHijrahisverydifficult.Doyouownanycamels?
Themansaid:Yes.TheProphetasked:Doyoupaythecharitythatisdueon
theirbehalf?Themanreplied:Yes.TheProphetthensaid:Goondoing
gooddeedsfromacrosstheseas,forsurely,Allhwillnotleaveanyofyour
deedsunrewarded.
2
So,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)allowedthismanto
abandonmakingHijrah.Also,itwasnarratedthatamancametoAbdullhbin
Amrbinals,saying:Narratetomesomethingthatyouheardfromthe
MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),towhichAbdullhbinAmrsaid:I
heardtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)say:TheMuslimistheone
whoprotectstheMuslimsfromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristhe
onewhoabandonsthatwhichAllhhasforbidden.
3
(endofalJassass
words)
Likewise,Ibnbidn(theauthorofRaddalMihtraladDurralMukhtr)said:
AsforthesayingthattheonewhoacceptsIslmwithoutmakingHijrahtous
cannotinheritfromtheMuslimthatlivesinourland(DralIslm),andthatthe
MuslimwholivesinDralIslmcannotinheritfromtheonewhohasaccepted
IslmwithoutmakingHijrahtouswhetherornotheissecureinDralHarb
thisisrefutedbywhatsomeofourscholarshavesaid,thatthisappearstohave
beenintheearlydaysofIslm,backwhenHijrahwasanobligation.Doyounot
seethatAllhtheExaltedhasremovedanysortofprotectionbetweentheone
whomigratesandtheonewhodoesnotmigrate,whereHeSaid:

{Asforthosewhobelieved,butdidnotemigrate,youowenodutyofprotection
tothem,untiltheymigrate}
4
so,whenanyprotectionwasnullifiedbetweenthem,sowasanyinheritance,
astherulingofinheritanceistiedtothatofprotection.Asfortoday,theyshould

1
alBukhr(3077)andMuslim(1864)

2

3
alBukhr(10)

4
alAnfl;72
17
inheritfromeachother,astherulingofHijrahhasbeenabrogated,duetothe
sayingoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim):ThereisnoHijrahafterthe
conquering(ofMakkah).
1
(endofIbnbidnswords)
Andmanysimilarstatementsweremadebesidesthoseofthesetwoscholars,
thatHijrahhasceased,sincetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:Thereisno
Hijrahaftertheconquering(ofMakkah),andhesaid:Hijrahhasbeencut
off.ThereisonlyJihd,andtheintentionforit.Ithasalsobeennarratedthat
SafwnbinUmayyah,whenheacceptedIslm,itwassaidtohim:Thereisno
religionfortheonewhodoesnotemigrate.So,hecametoMadnah,andthe
Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said:Whathasbroughtyouhere,AbWahb?
Hereplied:Itwassaidtomethatthereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnot
migrate.So,theProphetsaidtohim:Return,OAbWahb,tothedepthsof
Makkah,andstaywhereyoureside,asHijrahhasbeencutoff.Thereisonly
Jihdandtheintentionforit.
2
Thesecondopinion,whichistheopinionofthemajorityaswellassomeofthe
HanafswhocontradictedtheopinionoftheirownmadhhabsuchasalHasan,
whosawthattherulingoftheverseappliestoeveryonewhosettlesinDral
Harb,andsawthatHijrahtoDralIslmisforeverobligatory,andthisopinionof
hiswasreportedbyalJasss,whodifferedwithhimoverthis.
Otherswhocarriedthesameopinionandthisisbynomeansanexhaustivelist
includealKhattb,atTayyib,anNawaw,alHfidhIbnHajaralAsqaln,
IbnQudmahalMaqdis,IbnalArab,IbnTaymiyyah,aswellashisstudent,
IbnalQayyim,ashShawkn,andthosewhocameafterthem.Alsonarrating
thisopinion,andconsideringittobethestrongest,havebeentheleadersofthe
SalafDawah,startingwiththereviverMuhammadbinAbdalWahhb,allthe
wayuptoMuhammadbinIbrhm.
3
Regardingthis,IbnArabsaid,inAhkmalQurn:

1
alBukhr(6/3)andMuslim(3/1487)

2
ReportedintheSunanofSadbinMansr
3
RefertothechapteronJihdinthesecondprintingofadDurarasSaniyyah.Thiswasalsothe
opinionoftheShaykh,theAllmahIbnBz,aswellasShaykhAbdarRazzqAff(mayAllh
haveMercyuponthemall).
18
HijrahistoleaveDralHarbforDralIslm,anditwasobligatoryinthetimeof
theMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),andthisrulingcontinued
afterwardsfortheonewhofearsforhimself.Whathasbeencutoffistheoriginal
goalofspecificallymigratingtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim),whichiswhy
hesaid:thereisonlyJihdandtheintentionforit.
atTayyibandotherssaid:Themeaningisthattherequirementofevery
individualoftheHijrahthatconsistedofleavingoneshomelandtoMadnahhas
ceased,butthattherulingofleavingoneshomelandforJihdremains,justasit
remainsforanyotherrighteousintention,suchastoescapefromDralKufr,to
gooutinpursuitofknowledge,ortoescapefromfitan.
anNawawsaid:Whatismeantisthattheattainablegoodthatwascutoffwith
thecuttingoffoftheHijrahcouldalsobeattainedbyJihd,aswellasarighteous
intention.
IbnQudmahsaid,inalMughn,respondingtothosewhoviewtherulingas
abrogated:
WehavewhathasbeennarratedbyMuwiyah,thathesaid:Iheardthe
MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)say:Hijrahwillnotbecutoffuntil
repentanceiscutoff,andrepentancewillneverbecutoffuntiltheSunrises
fromtheWest.
1
ItwasalsonarratedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
HijrahwillnotbecutoffaslongasthereisJihd.
2
Withthis,aswellasallof
therelevantversesandvariousnarrationsthatlendprooftothis,onecanseethat
theimplicationsofthisrulingspanalltimes.
Asfortheahadththattheybringasproof:
WhattheProphetmeantbyThereisnoHijrahaftertheconqueringisthat
thereisnoHijrahfromalandthathasbeenconqueredbytheMuslims.Asforhis
statementtoSafwn:Hijrahhasbeencutoff,thisisinreferencetoMakkah,
asHijrahistoleavethelandsofthedisbelievers.So,ifthislandisconquered,itis
nolongerconsideredtobealandofthedisbelievers,andHijrahisnolonger
obligatoryfromthatland.Likewise,anylandthathasbeenconqueredbyIslm

1
alAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhSunanAbDwd(2166)

2
alAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhalJmi(1991)andasSilsilahasSahhah(1674)
19
isnolongeralandfromwhichHijrahistobemade.Rather,Hijrahistobemade
toit.(endofIbnQudmahswords)
Thisisaverysummarizedanalysisoftheissue,andtheintelligentandinsightful
observerwillfindthattheopinionofthemajoritythattherulingisnot
abrogated,andthattherulingstillstands,isthestrongeropinion,asitismore
incumbentuponustoactaccordingtobothsetsofproofs,asopposedtosimply
oneofthem.Onecannotbeconvincedoftheopinionoftherulingbeing
abrogatedunlessheavoidsreconcilingbetweenthetextualproofs,and
reconciliationbetweentheproofsisverypossiblethankstoAllhasthe
majorityofthescholarshaverespondedtothoseholdingtheopposingopinionof
abrogation.
WhatremainsforusistorealizethatthosewhoopinedthattherulingonHijrah
stillstands,andthatitremains,havedifferedastowhetheritisobligatory
(wjib),preferred(mustahabb),orencouraged(mandb),andifIhadwantedto
presentthestatementsofthepeopleofknowledgeinthisregard,thelengthof
thisresearchwouldbebeyondwhatisappropriate,andthereaderwould
becomelost.However,withalittleeffort,Iwillsummarizetheissuebysaying
that,inregardstotheissueofHijrah,wecannotruleittobeunrestrictedlywjib,
justaswecannotruleittobeunrestrictedlymandborpermissible(mubh).
Rather,onelooksatthedetailedconditionsandcircumstancesoftheMuhjir,the
conditionsandcircumstancesofthelandfromwhichheismigrating,aswellas
thoseofthelandtowhichheismigrating.Inanycase,assumingthatheis
migratingfromalandofkufrtoalandofIslm,oralandofsintoalandofpiety,
thisresidentofDralKufrseekingtomigratetoDralIslmwillfindhimselfin
oneoffoursituations,whichIwilldescribeinthenextsection.
20
TheFourPossibleSituationsoftheMuhjir,andTheirRelevant
Rulings
TheMuhjirwillfindthathefallsunderoneofthefollowingfourcategories:
HeisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andhehasthe
abilitytomakeHijrah
HeisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andheisunable
tomakeHijrah
HeisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andheisunableto
makeHijrah,ifheweretowishtodoso
HeisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andhehasthe
abilitytomakeHijrah,ifheweretowishtodoso
AsforthefirstsituationthatheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr
alKufr,andheisabletomigratefromtherethescholarsareunanimously
agreedthatHijrahinthissituationisobligatory(wjib),
1
andwhoeverdoesnot
migrateisunderthethreatofpunishment,andhebecomesonewhomthe
MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)categoricallydisassociatedhimself
from.Infact,ifsuchapersonhappenedtobeawomanwhocouldnotfinda
mahram,andshefeltthatshecouldsafelymakeherwayoutofDralKufr,or
thatthedangerofremaininginDralKufroutweighedthedangerofher
travelingonherown,Hijrahbecomesobligatoryuponher,
2
duetoAllhs
Saying:

1
ThiswillbeclarifiedlateroninthewordsofashShawkn.AndinalJmialMuhadhab,he
said:AsfortheobligationofHijrahfromDralKufr,thescholarsdifferedovertheobligation
andlackofobligationofdoingso.AsfortheobligationofHijrahfromDralHarb,theyare
unanimouslyagreedonthis.
2
Thisisoneofthesituationsinwhichthescholarshaveallowedawomantotravelwithouta
mahram,providedthewayissafe.ThisisduetotheimportanceofHijrah,anditsstatusasthe
criterionbetweenthosewhohavetruefaithandthosewhodonot.
21

{Verily,asforthosewhomtheAngelstakewhiletheyarewrongingthemselves,
they(Angels)willsay:Inwhatconditionwereyou?Theywillreply:Wewere
weakandoppressedonEarth.Theywillsay:WasnottheEarthofAllh
spaciousenoughforyoutoemigratetherein?Suchmenwillfindtheirabodein
Hellwhatanevildestination!}
1
Andthisversecontainsaseverethreatwhichcouldneverbemadeexceptinthe
caseofonewhoperformssomethingforbidden,orabandonsanobligation.Itis
alsoobligatoryduetothehadthofJarrbinAbdillh:Iamfreeofevery
Muslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,
2
aswellas:Hijrahwillneverbe
cutoff,solongastheenemyisfought.
3
Asforthehadth:ThereisnoHijrah
aftertheconquering,thismeansthatthereisnoHijrahfromMakkahafterits
conquering,duetoitsstatusasaDralIslmuntiltheDayofResurrection,and
thisistheopinionofthemajorityofthepeopleofknowledgeinregardstothe
meaningofthishadth,exceptforafewamongstthem.
InSubulasSalm,asSannsaid:
Thishadth
4
isaproofoftheobligationofHijrahfromthelandsofthe
polytheists,besidesMakkah,andthisistheopinionofthemajority,duetothe
hadthofJarr,andduetowhatwasreportedinmarfform:Allhdoesnot
acceptfromapolytheistanyactionafterhisenteringintoIslm,untilhe
separateshimselffromthepolytheiststobewiththeMuslims,
5
andduetothe
generalimplicationsofAllhsSaying:

1
anNis;97

2
atTirmidh(4/155),andalAlbndeclareditsahh

3
Ahmad(1/192),andalHaythamsaidthatitsmenaretrustworthy

4
Heisreferringtothehadth:IamfreeofeveryMuslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,
andIbnHajarsaid,inBulghalMarm:ItwasnarratedbyAbDwd,atTirmidh,andan
Nas,anditschainissahh.
5
IbnMjah(2536)andatTirmidh(4/155),andalAlbndeclaredithasaninasSilsilahas
Sahhah(369)andIrwalGhall(5/32)
22

1
AndtheminorityofscholarsareoftheopinionthatHijrahisnotmandatory,and
thattheahdthregardingthisareallabrogatedbythefollowinghadthofIbn
Abbs(mayAllhbePleasedwithhim):ThereisnoHijrahafterthe
conquering(ofMakkah).Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.They
saidthatthisnarrationisgeneral,anditabrogatestheHijrahpreviously
mentioned,andthattheProphetdidnotorderthoseoftheArabswhohad
enteredintoIslmtomigratetohim,andhedidnotreprimandthemfor
remainingintheirlands,andbecausetheMessengerofAllh(peacebeupon
him),whenhesentoutaninvadingarmy,wouldsaytotheirleader:Whenyou
meetyourenemiesfromtheMushrikn,invitethemtothreecoursesofaction.
Iftheyrespondtoanyoneofthese,youalsoacceptit,andwithholdyourself
fromdoingthemanyharm.InvitethemtoIslm.Iftheyrespondtoyou,accept
itfromthemanddesistfromfightingagainstthem.Then,invitethemto
migratefromtheirlandstothelandoftheMuhjirn,andinformthemthatif
theydoso,theyshallhavealltheprivilegesandobligationsoftheMuhjirn.
Iftheyrefusetomigrate,tellthemthattheywillhavethestatusofthe
Bedouins(alArb),andwillbesubjectedtotheCommandsofAllh,likethe
believers
2
So,here,hedidnotobligatethemtoperformHijrah,andtheother
ahdtharetobeinterpretedtobeinregardstotheonewhodoesnotfeelsecure
inpracticinghisreligion,andtheysaidthatthisishowwereconcilebetweenthe
narrations.
ThosewhosawtheobligationofHijrahrepliedtothisbysayingthatthehadth
thatsaysthatthereisnoHijrahisreferringspecificallytoMakkah,asisproven
bytheProphetssaying:aftertheconqueringasHijrahwasobligatory
fromMakkahbeforeitwasconquered.

1
anNis;97

2
Muslim(1731)

23
ashShfisaid,inAhkmalQurn:
AndtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)obligatedtheonewhoisable
toperformHijrahtoleaveifhewasfromthosewhowasputtotrialinregardsto
theirreligion,andwasnotpreventedfromleaving.So,itwassaid,inregardstoa
manwhohaddied,andsatbehindratherthanmigrate:

1
AndAllhtheMightyandMajesticclarifiedtheexcuseoftheweak:

{Excepttheweakonesfromthemen,women,andchildrenwhocannotdevisea
plan,noraretheyabletodirecttheirway.Forthese,itmightbethatAllhwill
forgivethem,andAllhisEverPardoning,Forgiving.}
2

Anditissaidthatthephraseitmightbe,whenitcomesfromAllh,impliesan
obligationHehasplaceduponHimself.AndtheSunnahoftheMessengerof
Allh(peacebeuponhim)hasproventhatHijrahisobligatoryfortheable
bodiedonewhofearsbeingputtotrialbecauseofhisreligion,tothelandin
whichhewillfeelsafe,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowed
somepeopletoremaininMakkahaftertheirenteringIslmincludingal
AbbsbinAbdalMuttalib,andothersiftheydidnotfearfitnahfor
themselves.Andheusedtocommandhisarmiestosaytothose(enemies)who
hadacceptedIslm:Ifyoumigrate,youwillhavewhatisfortheMuhjirn,and

1
anNis;97

2
anNis;9899

24
ifyouremain,thenyouareliketheBedouins,andhewouldgivethemno
choicebesidesthese.(endofashShfiswords)
AndtheauthorofNaylalAwtrashShawknsaid,underthetopicLiving
AmongsttheDisbelievers:
AndIbnalArabsaid:HijrahistoleaveDralHarbforDralIslm,anditwas
obligatoryduringthetimeoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim),andthis
obligationcontinuedafterhistimefortheonewhofearsforhimself.Andithas
beensaidinalBahr
1
thatthereisconsensusthatHijrahisobligatoryfromDral
Kufr,tothepointthattheonewhoabandonsdoingthishascommittedanactof
disobedience.AndJafarbinMubashirandsomeoftheHdawiyyah
2
saidthat
Hijrahisobligatoryfromthelandsofdisobedienceandsin,andtheyderivedthis
rulingbywayofqiys
3
withtherulingregardingDralKufr,anditisaqiys
betweentwodifferentissues.Thetruthisthatitisnotobligatorytomigratefrom
alandofsin,asitisstillconsideredtobeDralIslm,andtocompareDral
IslmtoDralKufrsimplybecauseofthepresenceofopendisobedienceinitis
notappropriatewhenitcomestoexplainingthisissue.Andinregardstothe
typesofdiyr,andthelegitimateexcusesfornotmigratingfromthem,the
Fuqahhaveconductedmanydetailedresearcheswhicharenotappropriateto
gointohere.(endofashShawknswords)
FromthesestatementsthataresupportedwithproofsfromtheSharah,it
becomescleartousthatHijrahinthisfirstsituationisanindividualobligation,
andthereisnottheleastbitofdoubtinthis.
Asforthesecondsituationthatheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligionin
DralKufr,andheisunabletomakeHijrahthescholarshaveagreedinthis
situationthatHijrahisnotanobligation,andthereisnoknowndifferenceof
opinionregardingthispoint.AndthisisduetoHisSaying:

1
HeisreferringtothebookalBahrazZikhralJmiliMadhhibUlamalAmsr,anditisa
bookofZaydFiqhbyAhmadalMurtad,anditisin6volumes.
2
ThisisasectoftheShahthatascribesitselftoMuhammadbinalHd,anditwaswidespread
inYemenduringthetimeofasSann.HewouldutilizemanyoftheirFiqhopinionsduetotheir
beingsowidespread.
3
Qiys:analogicalreasoning(TN)
25

1
Andthelackofabilityherecanbeduetosickness,coerciontoremaininDral
Kufr,orweaknesssuchasthatofwomen,theelderly,etc.oranyothertypeof
inabilitythatremovestheobligationofHijrahfromone.
IbnQudmahsaid,inalMughn:
Thesecondsituationisinregardstotheonewhoisnotobligedtomigrate,and
thisistheonewhohastheinabilitytodoso,whetherthisisduetosickness,
coercion,weaknessofwomenandtheelderly,andthatwhichissimilar.So,such
peoplearenotobligedtomigrate,duetotheSayingofAllh:

2
Becauseofthis,ashShfisaid,inalUmmandAhkmalQurn:So,Allh
theMightyandMajestichasexcusedthosewhohavebeenputtotrialwhoare
unabletoperformHijrah,andSaid:

{WhoeverdisbelievedinAllhafterhisbeliefexcepthewhoisforcedtodoso,

1
anNis;98

2
anNis;98

26
andhisheartisatrestwithfaithbutthosewhoopentheircheststodisbelief,
uponthemisWrathfromAllh,andagreattormentwillbetheirs.}
1
AndhesenttothemtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)totellthem
thatAllhtheMightyandMajestichadmadeawayoutforthem,andAllh
theMightyandMajestichadclarifiedtheexcuseoftheoppressed,whereHe
Said:

2
Anditissaidthatthephraseitmightbe,whenitcomesfromAllh,impliesan
obligationHehasplaceduponHimself.AndtheSunnahoftheMessengerof
Allh(peacebeuponhim)hasproventhatHijrahisobligatoryfortheable
bodiedonewhofearsbeingputtotrialbecauseofhisreligion,tothelandin
whichhewillfeelsafe,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowed
somepeopletoremaininMakkahaftertheirenteringIslmincludingal
AbbsbinAbdalMuttalib,andothersiftheydidnotfearfitnahfor
themselves.Andheusedtocommandhisarmiestosaytothose(enemies)who
hadacceptedIslm:Ifyoumigrate,youwillhavewhatisfortheMuhjirn,and
ifyouremain,thenyouareliketheBedouins,andhewouldgivethemno
choicebesidesthese.(endofIbnQudmahswords)
AndIbnTaymiyyahsaid,inalFatw(volume18):
So,thisHijrahwaslegislatedwhenMakkahandotherthanitwereconsidered
tobeDralKufrandDralHarb,andfaithwasinMadnah.So,HijrahfromDr
alKufrtoDralIslmwasobligatoryfortheonewhowasabletoperformit.
AsforthethirdsituationthatheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr
alKufr,andisunabletoperformHijrahifheweretowishtodosothisdoesnot
differfromthesecondsituationexceptintheaspectofopenlypracticingthe
Religion.Here,hecanpracticehisreligion,andintheprevioussituation,he

1
anNahl;106

2
anNis;98
27
cannot.So,ifwesaidinthesecondsituationthatHijrahisnotobligatoryupon
him,andthatitispermissibleforhimtoremainuntilAllhtheExalted
makesawayoutforhim,itismoreincumbentthatwemakethesamerulingfor
thissituation.However,itisnecessaryinbothcasesthatonetakeswhatever
opportunityhecan,andexertsallpossibleeffortsinescapingandmigrating
fromtheselands.
AsforthefourthsituationthatheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr
alKufr,andheisabletoperformHijrahifheweretowishtodosothisiswhere
onetieshishorse,sotospeak,asthescholarshavedifferedoverthis.So,someof
themdidnotseethatHijrahhadtobeperformed.Infact,aswewilllater
mention,someoftheShfisevenconsidereditforbiddenifheisableto
worshipAllhandcallpeopletoIslm!Ontheotherhand,thereareofthe
scholarsthosewhostillconsideredHijrahobligatoryinthiscase,andsaw
whoeverdidntperformitasasinner.
Andbeforedelvingintotheevidencesofthetwogroupsandclarifyingthe
strongestopinion,itisnecessarytoknowthatHijrahcantakeplaceinanumber
ofdifferentforms:fromDralKufrtoDralIslm,fromalandofinnovationtoa
landoftheSunnah,fromalandofsintoalandofrighteousness,andfromaland
mostlyruledbyIslmtoalandthatiscompletelyruledbyIslm,andtheruling
onHijrahdiffersinaccordancewiththedifferentformsofitmentionedabove.
AndthesituationthatIwishtospeakaboutincludingthedifferencesof
opinion,evidences,andstrongestopinionisnottheHijrahthatissimply
encouraged(mustahabb),thattakesplacefromalandofinnovationtoalandfree
ofinnovation,oralandofsinanddisobediencetoalandthatisfreeofthese
things.Rather,IwishtospeakabouttheHijrahfromDralKufrtoDralIslm.
Or,tobemoreprecise,fromalandwhoseinhabitantsaremostlyMuslims,and
whoserulerisanapostate,andallowmetosay:itsinhabitantsareMuslims,and
mostofthelawsthatareimplementedinitarethoseofIslm,andtheopen,clear
cutdisbelief(kufrbawh)isevidenttothestudentsofknowledge,butisunknown
tothepeopleduetothedeceptionofthescholarsandothers,aswellasgeneral
ignoranceofthereligionofAllh.
Forexample,considerthesituationofoneoftheArablandswhosepopulations
areallMusliminfact,themosquesareeverywhere,theyprayincongregation,
andthesoundoftheAdhnfillsonesearsatalltimesofthedayyet,therulers
ruletheirsubjectswithmanmadelawswhicharefalselyreferredtoasIslmic
lawsorderivedfromIslmiclaws,astheyclaimandthecourtsystemsare
28
alsobasedonmanmadelaws,andtheeducationalsystemissecularized,andthe
opencalltohatingthedisbelieversanddisassociatingfromthemandtheirways
isacrimethattheregimeprevents,andJihdisputoff,andwhoeverissuspected
ofhavingeverengagedinJihdispunished,andthedisbelieversarealliedwith
againsttheMuslims.Andfromwhatthetonguecannotdescribe,andwhichonly
makethesituationbleaker,isthatasmallviscousgroupofthegovernment
scholarsregurgitatenightandday,saying:Theseareourlegitimaterulersto
whomobedienceandfollowingismandatory,andwhoeverdoesnotdosowill
dieadeathofjhiliyyah!Here,thebigquestioncomes:whatistherulingon
landsthatareasdescribedabove?AndwhatistherulingonHijrahfromthese
landsifthesituationisasdescribed,andiftheMuslimisunabletoopenly
practicehisreligioninthem?
ThereisnodoubtthattherulingontheselandsisthattheyarenotMuslim
lands.Rather,theyarelandsofkufr.TheycanalsobeconsideredDrMurakkabah
(alandwhoseconditionismixed),asIbnTaymiyyahdescribedthelandsof
Mrdn.IleantowardstheopinionofIbnTaymiyyah,sincetheemergenceof
suchlandsoccurredinhistime,andwereconsideredtobenewsituations
(nawzil)forwhichhemadeijtihdtobringaboutthecategorizationofsuch
lands.Inanycase,thedisputeislinguistic,asifwelookedtotherulingofHijrah
fromsuchlands,theoneswhoclassifythemasDrKufrandDrMurakkabah
bothagreethatHijrahfromsuchlandsisobligatoryfortheonewhocannot
openlypracticehisreligion,andnobodydifferedfromthisrulingexceptasmall
groupoftheHanafs,aswillbecomeevidentnow.
TheFirstOpinionRegardingtheFourthSituation:thosewhoruledthatHijrah
isnotobligatoryinsuchasituation,asAllhtheExaltedhasexcusedusfrom
this,anditismerelypreferred(mustahabb).Thisisthecommonopinionofthe
Hanafs.
Thefirstproofpresentedforthisposition:theHanafssaidthatHijrahfromDral
Harbisnotanobligation,duetothehadth:ThereisnoHijrahafterthe
conquering.Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.Andinanother
narration,itissaid:Hijrahhasbeencutoff.ThereisonlyJihdandthe
intentionforit.Asforthehadth:Then,invitethemtomigratefromtheir
landstothelandoftheMuhjirn,theysaythishasbeenabrogatedby:
ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering.Rather,thereisJihdandthe
intentionforit.So,theysaythatthisconstitutesageneralabrogationofthe
obligationofHijrah,astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotorderthose
ArabswhohadacceptedIslmtomigratetohim,andhedidnotreprimand
29
themforremainingintheirlands,andbecausehe(peacebeuponhim),whenhe
wouldsendoutaninvadingarmy,wouldsaytoitsleader:Whenyoumeet
yourenemiesfromtheMushrikn,invitethemtothreecoursesofaction.If
theyrespondtoanyoneofthese,youalsoacceptit,andwithholdyourself
fromdoingthemanyharm.InvitethemtoIslm.Iftheyrespondtoyou,accept
itfromthemanddesistfromfightingagainstthem.Then,invitethemto
migratefromtheirlandstothelandoftheMuhjirn,andinformthemthatif
theydoso,theyshallhavealltheprivilegesandobligationsoftheMuhjirn.
Iftheyrefusetomigrate,tellthemthattheywillhavethestatusoftheBedouin
Muslims(alArb),andwillbesubjectedtotheCommandsofAllh,likethe
believersSo,here,hedidnotobligateHijrahuponthem.
Thesecondproof:whathasbeenrelatedtousbySadbinMansr,inhisSunan
andtheoriginalstoryisinthetwoSahhsthatSafwnbinUmayyah,whenhe
acceptedIslm,itwassaidtohim:Thereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnot
emigrate.So,hecametoMadnah,andtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:
Whathasbroughtyouhere,AbWahb?Hereplied:Itwassaidtomethat
thereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnotmigrate.So,theProphetsaidto
him:Return,OAbWahb,tothedepthsofMakkah,andstaywhereyou
reside,asHijrahhasbeencutoff.ThereisonlyJihdandtheintentionforit.
Thethirdproof:thehadthofAbSadalKhudr,thatamanaskedtheMessenger
ofAllh(peacebeuponhim)regardingHijrah,towhichtheProphetsaid:Woe
toyou!Verily,theaffairofHijrahisverydifficult.Doyouownanycamels?
Themansaid:Yes.TheProphetasked:Doyoupaythecharitythatisdueon
theirbehalf?Themanreplied:Yes.TheProphetthensaid:Goondoing
gooddeedsfromacrosstheseas,forsurely,Allhwillnotleaveanyofyour
deedsunrewarded.ThepointhereisthattheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)
permittedtheabandonmentofHijrah.
Thefourthproof:thatAbdullhbinAmrsaid:IheardtheMessengerofAllh
(peacebeuponhim)say:TheMuslimistheonewhoprotectstheMuslims
fromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristheonewhoabandonsthat
whichAllhhasforbidden.So,here,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)defined
Hijrahastheabandonmentofdisobedienceandsins.
Thefifthproof:theysaythateveryhadthbesidesthehadthofIbnAbbs(There
isnoHijrahaftertheconquering),thatcarrythecommandforHijrah,istobe
interpretedtobeinregardstotheonewhoisnotsecureinpracticinghisreligion,
andthisishowtheyreconcilebetweenthetexts.
30
AndsomeoftheShfissawthatfortheonewhocanpracticehisreligioninDr
alHarb,secludehimselfinaprivatelocation,andavoidthedisbelievers,Hijrahis
forbidden,becausetheareainwhichhehassecludedhimselfhasnowbecome
DralIslmduetohisavoidanceofthedisbelievers.So,byleavingthislocation,
hereturnsittotheauthorityofthedisbelievers,andthisissomethingthatisnot
allowed,aseveryareawhoseinhabitantsareabletoavoidthedisbelievers
becomesDralIslm.
1
Andfromwhatmightsupportthisviewiswhathasbeenreportedinthefatw
ofShihbadDnarRamlashShfi,
2
wherehewasaskedabouttheMuslims
whowerelivinginanareaofAndalusiacalledArghn,undertheauthorityofa
Christianrulerwhowouldtakefromtheircropsonlywhattheywouldgivehim,
wouldnotoppressivelytakemorethanthis,andwouldnottransgressagainst
theirwealthorlives.Also,theyhadmosquestoprayin,couldfastinRamadn,
paycharity,freetheirprisonersthathadfallenintothehandsoftheChristians,
openlyestablishthelawsofIslm,asmandated,andopenlyapplythe
fundamentalsoftheSharah,asnecessaryandnoChristianwouldopposethem
forasinglereligiousactoftheirs.Likewise,theywouldsupplicateintheir
sermonsfortheleadersoftheMuslimswithoutmentioningspecificnames
andwouldaskAllhtogivethemvictory,andtodestroytheirdisbelieving
enemies.Withallofthis,theywereinfearthattheyweresinningbyremaining
inthelandsofthedisbelievers.So,theywereinquiringastowhetherornot
Hijrahwasobligatoryuponthemwhiletheyareabletoopenlypracticetheir
religion,withtheassumptionthattherewerenoguaranteesthattheywouldnot
eventuallybeforcedtoleaveIslm,andthatthelawsofthelandwouldnotbe
forceduponthem.Also,amanfromtheaforementionedlandhadtraveledto

1
ShaykhAbBasratTartssaid:Suchareas,justastheyexistintheArablands,alsoexistin
theEuropeanandWesternlands,whereyouwouldfindneighborhoodsthatarecompletely
barrenoftheremembranceofAllhtheExaltedorofthepresenceofanyMuslims,letalone
anymosquesinwhichcongregationalprayersaremade.Atthesametime,youwouldfindother
neighborhoods,themajorityofwhoseinhabitantsareMuslims,andyouwouldnotfindasingle
nonMuslimthere.Youwouldfindmosques,Islmicschools,etc.,tothepointthatyouwould
thinkyouwereinalandofIslm,orthatyouwerenotinEurope.So,insuchacase,thereisno
doubtthatitispreferredfortheMuslimsresidingintheWesttoremainintheseneighborhoods
thatcontainmostlyMuslims,andwhichcontainmosquesforFridayandcongregationalprayers,
asthisispurerforthem.AndAllhKnowsbest.(TN)
2
HeisMuhammadbinAhmadbinHamzaharRamlashShfi.Hewasbornin919A.D.,and
hewasfromthemajorFuqahoftheShfis.HebecamethetopShfischolarinEgypt,and
fromhismostfamousworksareNihyatalMukhtarilSharhalMinhj.(TN)
31
fulfilltheobligationofHajjwithoutthepermissionofhisparents,outoffearthat
theywouldpreventhimfromgoing,anditwasaskedwhetherornothisHajj
wasvalid,inlightofthefactthatitwasdonewithoutthepermissionofhis
parents,aswellaswhetherornotitwaspermissibleforhimtoreturntohis
parentswhowerelivinginthisland.
So,heanswered:
HijrahisnotobligatoryfortheseMuslimsfromtheirlands,andthisisdueto
theirabilitytoopenlypracticetheirreligion,andbecausetheMessengerofAllh
(peacebeuponhim)sentUthmntoMakkahonthedayofalHudaybiyahdue
tohisabilitytoopenlypracticehisreligioninit.Infact,itisnotallowedforthem
tomigratefromthisland,becauseitishopedthatotherswillacceptIslm
becauseoftheirpresencethere,andbecausethispieceoflandisnowconsidered
DralIslm.So,iftheymigratefromit,itwillreverttobeingDralHarb.And
fromwhatwasmentionedinthequestionofopenlypracticingthepureSharah,
andthelackofoppositionfromthedisbelieverstothembecauseofthisforallof
theselongyears,itcanbesafelybeassumedthattheyaresecurefrombeing
forcedtoleaveIslm,orhavingthelawsofdisbeliefforceduponthem,and
AllhKnowstheonewhomakesmischieffromtheonewhomakespeace.
AsforthemanwhowentoutfortheobligationofHajjwithoutthepermissionof
hisparents,thereisnoprobleminthis,ashisparentsdonothavetherightto
preventhimfromtheobligatoryHajj,justasinthecaseofprayerandfasting.
Anditisallowedforhimtoreturntohisparentsintheaforementionedland
aftercompletinghisHajjrituals,andhisHajjisvalid,andhisobligationis
fulfilled.(endofarRamlswords)
AndthisopinionisalsosupportedbywhatisstatedinIbnQudmahsal
Mughn:
Andthethirdcaseinwhichitismustahabbnotobligatoryiswhenoneisable
tomigrate,whileheisalsoabletopracticehisreligioninDralKufr.So,itis
preferredforhimtomigrateinordertobeabletocarryoutJihdagainstthem,
increasethenumbersoftheMuslims,aidthem,andridhimselfofbeingonewho
increasesthenumbersofthedisbelievers,mixeswiththem,andwitnessestheir
evil.However,aswasstated,itisnotobligatoryuponhimtomigrate,duetohis
abilitytofulfilltheobligatoryaspectsofhisreligionwithoutmigrating.Andal
Abbs,theuncleoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)wasresidinginMakkahas
aMuslim.Andwehavenarrated,asisinalIsbahfTamyzasSahbah:Nam
32
anNahhm,whenhedesiredtomigrate,wasapproachedbyhistribeofBan
Udayy.So,theysaidtohim:Staywithus,andremainuponyourreligion.We
willprotectyoufromanywhowishtohurtyou.Andhewouldlivewiththe
orphansandwidows,notperformingHijrahforsometime.Afterwards,he
migrated,andtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)saidtohim:Your
peoplewerebettertoyouthanmypeopleweretome.Mypeopleexpelledme,
andwishedtokillme,whileyourpeopleprotectedyouandrepelledanyharm
fromyou.So,hesaid:OMessengerofAllh!Rather,yourpeopleexpelledyou
totheobedienceofAllh,andJihdagainstHisenemies,whilemypeoplekept
mebackfromHijrahandtheobedienceofAllh.
Andthereisanunderlyingreasonthatsupportsthisopinion,anditiswhatIbn
alArabwroteinAhkmalQurn:
AndIhadsaidtoourshaykh,theasceticImmAbBakralFahr:Leavethe
landofEgypttoyourland.So,hewouldreply:Idonotwishtoenteraland
thathasbeenoverwhelmedwithignoranceandlackoflogic.So,Iwouldsayto
him:Then,gotoMakkah,andresideinthecompanyofAllhandHis
Messenger(peacebeuponhim),asyouknowthattoleavetheselandsis
obligatory,duetowhattheycontainofinnovationandsin.Hereplied:Andin
it,manyhavebeenguidedtoTawhdbymyhands,andIamabletoturnpeople
awayfromevilbeliefs,andIamabletocalluponAllhtheMightyand
Majestic
AndalMawrdsaid:Ifheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninthelandsof
thedisbelievers,thislandhasbecomeDralIslmforhim.So,remaininginitis
betterthanleavingit,duetothehopethatotherswillenterintoIslmasaresult
ofthis.
1
Andthesearethemostwellknownandclearestofsuchproofs.
TheSecondOpinionRegardingtheFourthSituation:thosewhoruledthat
Hijrahisobligatory,andthattheonewhofailstodosoisinastateofsin,since
Allhdidnotexcusehim.Thisistheopinionofthemajority,includingthe
Mliks,Shfis,andHambals.

1
ashShawknsaid,inNaylalAwtr:Andtheconflictthatthisbringsaboutwiththeahdth
thatforbidresidenceinDralKufrisnothidden.
33
Andtheproofsforthispositionareessentiallyalloftheproofsthatwere
mentionedforthefirstconditionofthepotentialMuhjir,andthesedonotneed
toberepeatedhere.Rather,wewilljustmentionthemostimportantpoints,by
wayofreminder.
ThefirstproofisHisSaying:

1
Also,thereisthesayingoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim):Iamfreeofevery
Muslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,andIamfreeofeveryMuslim
wholiveswithapolytheist.Itwasaskedofhim:Why,OMessengerof
Allh?Hereplied:Noneofthemshouldseeanylightcomingfrom(the
houseof)theother.
2
Also,thereisthehadth:Hijrahwillneverbecutoff,solongastheenemyis
fought.
3
AndtheyrepliedtotheahdththatseeminglyabrogatetheHijrah,suchas:
ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering,andHijrahhasbeencutoff,and
similarnarrationsthathavebeenpreviouslymentioned,sayingthatthemeaning
ofthemisthatthereisnomigrationfromMakkahafteritwasconquered,dueto
itsbecomingDralIslmtotheDayofJudgement,andhis(peacebeuponhim)
sayingtoSafwn:Verily,HijrahhasbeencutoffisinregardstotheHijrah
fromMakkah,becauseHijrahistoleavetheDralKufr.So,ifsuchalandwereto
beconquered,itwouldnolongerbeconsideredDralKufr,andtherewouldno

1
anNis;97

2
AbDawd(2645),andalAlbndeclareditsahh

3
Ahmad(1/192),andalHaythamsaidthatitsmenaretrustworthy

34
longerbeaneedtomigratefromit.Likewise,anylandthatisconqueredisno
longeralandfromwhichHijrahismade.Rather,Hijrahismadetoit.
TheStrongestOpinion:
Verily,theonewhoreflectsoverthetwoopinionswillseethatthesecond
opinionisthecorrectandclearestofthetwo,anddoesnotrequireanytypeof
explanationtosupportit.Duetothis,Isaythatthestrongestopinionisthe
secondone,sincethestrongestproofthattheopposingopinionhasisthesaying
theMessenger(peacebeuponhim):ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering,
andthatthishadthabrogatestheobligationofHijrah,aswellashissayingto
Safwn:Verily,Hijrahhasbeencutoff
1
Andthisdoesnotmeanthatthe
rulingofHijrahhasbeenabrogated,asitmeans,asIbnalArabsaid:Itmeans
thatthereisnoHijrahfromMakkahafteritsconquering,duetoMakkahhaving
becomeDralIslmtotheDayofResurrection.
2
So,he(peacebeuponhim)
intendedthatthereisnoHijrahaftertheconqueringofalandbytheMuslims.
Andhis(peacebeuponhim)sayingtoSafwn:Verily,Hijrahhasbeencutoff
isinregardstotheHijrahfromMakkah,becauseHijrahistoleavetheDralKufr.
So,ifsuchalandweretobeconquered,itwouldnolongerbeconsideredDral
Kufr,andtherewouldnolongerbeaneedtomigratefromit.Likewise,anyland
thatisconqueredisnolongeralandfromwhichHijrahismade.Rather,Hijrahis
madetoit.
AsforthesayingoftheMessenger(peacebeuponhim):TheMuslimistheone
whoprotectstheMuslimsfromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristhe
onewhoabandonsthatwhichAllhhasforbidden,
3
wesaythathijrahisto
abandonsinsanddisobedience,astheyhavesaid.However,thisdoesnotmean
thatthereisnophysicalhijrah,asthereisnocontradictionbetweenthetwo.In
fact,fromtheresultsofphysicalhijrahisthatoneabandonssinsand
disobedience,andfromtheresultsofabandoningphysicalhijrahisthatone
remainsinthelandsofdisbelief,stayinginanenvironmentofsinand
disobedience,sidebysidewiththem,evenifhedoesnotperformsuchsins
himself.So,whatshouldbesaidisthattherearetwotypesofhijrah:spiritual

1
Aspreviouslymentioned,thehadthofSafwnisfoundintheSunanofSadbinMansr.
2
ThequestionofMakkahbeingDralIslmuntiltheDayofRessurectionisaddressedlaterin
thebook.(TN)
3
alBukhr(10)

35
hijrahandphysicalhijrah,witheachtypebeingarequirement.Thesecondtype
encompassesthefirsttype,andthereisnodoubtinthis.Thereisaprinciplethat
saysWeactaccordingtobothindications,ratherthanignoreoneofthem,and
thisway,therecanneverbeabrogationbetweenthetwo,exceptifthereisa
proofthatwouldpreventusfromreconcilingbetweenthetwoproofs,as
abrogationisessentiallythecompletereversalofaruling,regardlessofthe
proofsforthatruling.Thisiswheretheproblemiswiththisreasoninginlooking
atthehadth,asaSharrulingisbeingdeniedwithoutanyproof.
ThisopinionthatIhaveleanedtowardsisthechosenopinionofalltheleadersof
theSalafDawah,andtheonewholooksthroughadDurarasSaniyyah,the
recordedstatementsofthescholarsofNajd,aswellasthewritingsofShaykh
MuhammadbinAbdalWahhb,willknowthiswithcertainty,tothepointthat
ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasansaid:IbnHajarmentionedthat,justasHijrah
isobligatoryfromthelandsofdisbelief,itisalsoobligatoryfromthelandsof
IslminwhichaMuslimisunabletoopenlyfulfillanobligation.
ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasanadded:Likewise,itisobligatoryupon
everyoneinalandofsininwhichhecannotworktochangethesesinstomake
HijrahtowherehecancomfortablyworshipAllh,duetotheSayingofAllh:

{So,donotremainafterthereminderwiththewrongdoingpeople}
1
Andwiththis,strengthisgiventothesecondopinion.Allthatisleftisforthe
Muslimtoknowexactlywhatismeantbyopenlypracticinghisreligion.So,I
havewrittenaconciseindividualchapteronthis.

1
alAnm;68
2
adDurarasSaniyyah(8/291)
36
TheRealityofPracticingOnesReligion
Manypeoplebelievethatwhatismeantbyopenlypracticingonesreligionis
simplythatoneprays,fasts,andreadstheQurninDralKufrandDralHarb,
withnobodyopposingyouorharmingyou.So,ifyoudothis,youhavefullyand
openlypracticedyourreligionamongstthem.Thisisamistakenunderstanding,
andaprofoundmiscalculationthatmustbeclearedup,sinceAllhMajesticis
HisremembranceSaid:

{Indeed,therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith
him,whentheysaidtotheirpeople:Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhatever
youworshipbesidesAllh,wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween
usandyouhostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllh,Alone,
exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather:Verily,Iwillaskforforgiveness
(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodoanythingforyoubeforeAllh.
OurLord!InYouweputourtrust,andtoYouweturninrepentance,andtoYou
isourfinalreturn.}
1
Therefore,theopenpracticeofonesreligionisfulfilledbyannouncingones
disbeliefintheseorganizations,andclarifyingthishostilitytothem,andto
informthesedisbelieversandapostatesthatwehavedisbelievedinthem,and
thatourenmityisforthem,andthatifweweretogaintheupperhand,we
wouldnotleavethemonthefaceoftheEarth,asUmarsaid,whenhewasasked
bytheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim):Whatdoyouthink,OIbnal
Khattb(regardingtheprisonersofBadr)?So,hereplied:Isaid:ByAllh,I
donotagreewithAbBakr.Rather,Ithinkthatyoushouldgivemearelativeof
mine,sothatImaystrikehisneck,andgiveAqltoAl,sothathemaystrike
hisneck,andgiveHamzahhisbrother,sothathemaystrikehisnecksothat
Allhwouldknowthatthereisnospaceinanydepthofourheartsforthe
disbelievers.Thosearetheirnoblesandleadersandcommanders.So,the
MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)inclinedtowardswhatAbBakrhad

1
alMumtahinah;4
37
said,butnottowardswhatIhadsaid.So,he(peacebeuponhim)tookthe
ransomfromthem.Thenextday,IwenttotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)and
AbBakr,andfoundthembothcrying,soIsaid:OMessengerofAllh,tellme,
whathasmadeyouandyourcompanionweep?Ifthereisareasontoweep,I
willweepwithyou,andifthereisnoreason,Iwillpretendtoweepalongwith
you,becauseyouareweeping.So,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:Iam
weepingbecauseofwhatyourcompanionsarebeingputthroughduetotheir
takingtheransom.Iwasshownthepunishmenttowhichtheyweresubjected.
Itwasbroughtasclosetomeasthistree.Then,Allhrevealed:{Itisnotfora
Prophetthatheshouldhaveprisonersofwar(andfreethemwithransom)until
hehadmadeagreatslaughter(amonghisenemies)inthelanduntiltheverse
soeatofthepermissibleandgoodthingsthatyouhaveobtainedaswar
booty}
1
So,hemadethewarbootypermissibleforthem.So,whenitwasthe
dayoftheBattleofUhudthefollowingyear,theywerepunishedbecauseofthe
ransomthattheyhadacceptedonthedayofBadr.So,seventyofthemwere
killed,andtheCompanionsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)fledfromhim,
andhistoothwasbroken,andbloodsmearedhisface,andAllhrevealed:

{Whatisthematterwithyou?Whenasingledisastersmitesyou,althoughyou
smote(yourenemies)withonetwiceasgreat,yousay:Fromwheredoesthis
cometous?Say:Itisfromyourselves(becauseofyourevildeeds).AndAllh
haspoweroverallthings.}
2
becauseoftheirtakingoftheransom.
3
Andfromthemostbeautifulexplanationofthemeaningmentionedbeforeis
whatatTabarhaswritteninhisTafsr,wherehesaid:Inthisverse:

1
alAnfl;6769

2
lImrn;165

3
Muslim(1763)andAbDwd(2690)

38

{Indeed,therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith
him,whentheysaidtotheirpeople:Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhatever
youworshipbesidesAllh,wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween
usandyou,hostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllhAlone,
exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather:Verily,Iwillaskforforgiveness
(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodoanythingforyoubeforeAllh.
OurLord!InYouweputourtrust,andtoYouweturninrepentance,andtoYou
isourfinalReturn.}
1
theExaltedsaystothebelieversinHim,fromtheCompanionsofthe
MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),thattherewasforyouObelieversa
greatexample,agreatmodel,inIbrhmtheKhall(intimatefriend)oftheMost
Merciful,foryoutofollowandimitate,aswellasthosewhoarewithhimfrom
theProphetsofAllh.
IbnZaydsaid,regardingthesayingofAllhMightyandMajestic{Indeed,
therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrahmandthosewithhim...}
thatthosewhowerewithhimaretheProphets,andHissaying{whenthey
saidtotheirpeople:Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhateveryouworship
besidesAllh...}isregardingwhentheysaidtotheirpeoplewhohad
disbelievedinAllh,andworshippedthetght:Opeople!Wearefreefromyou
andfromthosewhomyouworshipbesidesAllhofdeitiesandgods!And
regardingHissaying{wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween
usandyou,hostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllhAlone},
HeMajesticisHeSays,informingofthesayingofHisProphetstotheir
disbelievingpeoplesthatWehavedisbelievedinyou,andwerejectwhatyou
areuponofdisbeliefinAllhandwehaverejectedyourworshipandwhatyou
worshipbesidesAllh,andtherehasemergedbetweenusandyouenmityand
hatredforeverbecauseofyourdisbeliefinAllhandyourworshipofothers
besidesHim,andtherewillbenopeaceorkindnessbetweenusuntilyoubelieve
inAllhAlone,anduntilyouacceptAllh,alone,andsingleHimoutfor

1
alMumtahinah;4
39
worship.AndHissaying:{exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather:Verily,
Iwillaskforforgiveness(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodo
anythingforyoubeforeAllh}meansthattherewasagreatexampleforyou
inIbrhmandthosewhoarewithhimintheseaffairsthatWehavementioned
ofdisplayingtothedisbelieverstheirhostilitytowardsthem,andforsakingany
alliancewiththemexceptinthecaseofthesayingofIbrhmtohisfatherthat
Iwillseekforgivenessforyou,forthereisnoexampleforyouinthis.
AndIbnKathr(mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)said:AllhsaystoHis
believingslaveswhomHehasorderedtobeharshagainstthedisbelieversand
tohaveenmitytowardsthem,andtoavoidthem,andtodisassociatethemselves
fromthemthattherewasagreatexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith
himhisfollowerswhobelievedwithhimwhentheysaidtotheirpeople:
{Wearefreefromyou}meaning:wehavedisassociatedourselvesfrom
youandwhatyouworshipbesidesAllh;{andwehavedisbelievedin
you}meaning:inyourreligionandyourways;{andtherehasemerged
betweenusandyouenmityandhatredforever}meaning:enmityandhatred
hasbeenlegislatedfromnowbetweenus,andaslongasyouremainuponyour
disbelief,thenwewilldisassociateourselvesfromyouandhateyouuntilyou
believeinAllh,alonesingleHimouttoworshipHim,withoutanypartners,
andtoabandonwhatyouworshipalongwithHimofidolsandgods.
AndinadDurarasSaniyyah,thetwosonsofShaykhMuhammadbinAbdal
Wahhbsaid:andopenlypracticingonesreligionistodeclarethem(the
disbelievers)tobedisbelievers,andtopointoutthefaultsoftheirreligion,andto
criticizethem,andtodisassociatefromthem,andtoprotectoneselffrom
becomingclosetothemandleaningtowardsthem,andtoavoidthem.Simply
performingtheprayersisnotconsideredpracticingofonesreligion,andthe
sayingofonethatWeavoidthemwhenweareinprayer,andwedonoteat
theirslaughteredmeatsisgood,but,itisnotenoughonitsowntofulfillthe
openpracticeofthereligion.Rather,whathasbeenmentionedaboveisamust.
AndShaykhHamadbinAtq(mayAllhhaveMercyonhim)said:Andwhatis
intended(byopenpracticeofonesreligion)isthecleardemonstrationof
continuoushostilityandhatredtowardstheonewhodoesnotsingleoutHis
Lordforworship.So,whoeverfulfillsthiswithknowledgeandaction,and
clearlydemonstratesthisuntilthepeopleofhislandareawareofthisfromhim,
thenHijrahisnotanobligationuponhimfromwhateverlandheisin.Asforthe
onewhoisnotlikethisrather,heassumesthatifheislefttoprayandfastand
performpilgrimage,heisnolongerobligatedtomigratethisisignoranceofthe
40
religion,andheedlessnessoftheessenceofthemessageoftheMessengers.For
lands,iftheruleinthemisforthepeopleoffalsehood,theworshippersof
graves,theconsumersofalcohol,andthegamblers,suchpopulationsarenot
satisfiedexceptwiththeritualsofshirkandthejudgmentofthetawght,andfor
everyplacewherethisisthecase,thereisnodoubtfortheonewhohasthe
slightestfamiliarityoftheBookandSunnahthatitspeopleareuponotherthan
whattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)wasupon.
1
Andthereremainsanissuethathasnotbeenclarifiedtomeupuntilnow,andit
is:isitenoughintheissueofdisplayingenmityforthedisbelieverforhimto
simplyknowthisfromyou,becauseofthesayingofAllhtheExalted:

{TheysaidWeheardayoungmantalkingagainstthem,(heisone)whois
calledIbrhm.}
2
evenifyoudonotspeakintheirpresence,orthepresenceofthosewhowill
relaythemessagetothem?Or,isitamusttoannouncethisinaloudvoicethatis
heardeverywhere,sincetheonewhoreflectsuponthetextsoftheSunnahwill
findboth?But,thereisagreementthatfortheonewhosedisassociationfromthe
disbelieversorapostatesandtheirreligionisnotknownbyhisenemies,norby
thebelievers,thatitbecomesabsolutelyobligatoryuponhimtoopenlydisplay
thisinanywaythatwouldgetthemessageacross,intheclearestandmostwell
understoodmanner;otherwise,Hijrahbecomesobligatoryuponhimin
accordancewithhiscapability,andhesinsbynotdoingso.

1

2
alAmbiy;60

41
PrinciplesUponthePathofHijrah
First:itisupontheMuhjirtoawaithisrewardfromAllh,andtomakehis
intentionpurelytoseekAllhsPleasure,andthathemigratestogivevictoryto
hisreligion,aswellastoescapefromfitnah.Hemustnotmigratebecausehe
expectstofindprovisionandcomfortinagivenland,asthepurposeofHijrahis
notseekingprovision.IbnKathrmentioned,inhisexplanationoftheSayingof
Allh:

{HewhomigratesinthePathofAllhwillfindonEarthmanydwellingplaces,
andplentytoliveby.}
1
thatQatdahsaid:Meaning,hegoesfrommisguidancetoguidance,andfrom
povertytowealth.Therefore,theverseservestoalleviatethevariousexpected
fearsoftheonemigratingwhileitturnstowardsthepotentialdangersofHijrah,
sothathewouldnotbefooledintothinkingthathewillfulfillhissweethopes
withoutfirstexperiencingsomehardshipsinthepathoftheDawah.Duetothis,
theversewascappedwith:

{andwhosoeverleaveshishomeasamigranttoAllhandHisMessenger,
anddeathovertakeshim,hisrewardisthensurelyincumbentuponAllh,and
AllhisOftForgiving,MostMerciful.}
2
Therefore,deathisalsoexpected.ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasansaid,inad
DurarasSaniyyah:eventhoughitisthecasethatmostofthosewhoembark
onHijrahendupinapositionofsafety,honor,establishment,andvictory,justas
happenedwiththeMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)andhisfollowers
pastandpresent.Andwithit,Jihdisnodoubtestablished,andtheWordof
Allhisraiseduppermost,andobediencetoAllhisfacilitatedupontheEarth.

1
anNis;100

2
anNis;100

42
AndthebenefitsofHijrahinthisworldaremorethancanbecounted,asAllh
theExaltedSaid:

{AndforthosewhomigratedfortheSakeofAllhaftersufferingoppression,
Wewillcertainlygivethemgoodresidenceinthisworld.But,indeedthereward
oftheHereafterwillbegreater,iftheyonlyknew!}
1
Therefore,itisamusttopointthisoutsothatthereisnotarepeatofwhat
happenedwithmanyoftheMuslimsinAlgeriaandMorocco,whentheywere
calledtomakeHijrahbytheirbrothersmakingJihd,andtheywerepromised
provisionandcomfortableliving.Whentheydidnotfindanyofwhattheywere
promisedrather,theyfoundthemselvesinworseconditionsthatthosethey
hadmigratedfromtheirtonguesspokewordsthatonefearsforthemover;
wordsthatgaveyouafeelingoftheirbadassumptionsaboutAllhExaltedis
Allh,highabovedeficienciesandbadassumptions.
Second:onemustbeabsolutelysureabouttheconditionofalandbeingDral
KufrorDralHarb.Here,wecannotobligateHijrahupontheMuslimsfroma
landwhichisconsideredtobeDrMurakkabah,
2
exceptifheisunabletoopenly
practicehisreligioninit,asIbnTaymiyyahwasaskedthefollowingquestions
aboutthelandofMrdn
3
:
a)IsitDralHarb,oralandofpeace?b)IsitobligatoryupontheMuslimwho
livesinittomigratetothelandsofIslm,ornot?c)Ifitisobligatoryuponhimto
migrate,andhedoesnotdoso,andadditionallyaidstheenemiesoftheMuslims
withhisselfandwealthisheasinnerinthis?d)Arethosewhoaccusehimof
nifqandinsulthimsinners,ornot?
IbnTaymiyyahanswered:

1
anNahl;41

2
DrMurakkabah:alandwhoseconditionismixed.Refertotheearlierchapteronthevarious
typesofdiyr.(TN)
3
AcitylocatedintheSoutheastAnatolianregionofmoderndayTurkey(TN)
43
PraisebetoAllh,thebloodandwealthoftheMuslimsissacredwhereverthey
are,whetherthatisinMrdn,orotherwise.Assistingthosewhohaverebelled
againsttheSharahofIslmisforbidden,whetherthatisinMrdn,or
otherwise.Theonewholivesthere,ifheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligion,
Hijrahisobligatoryuponhim.Otherwise(ifheisabletoopenlypracticehis
religion),itissimplymustahabb,anditisnotobligatoryuponhim.Assistingthe
enemiesoftheMuslimswithoneswealthorselfisforbiddenforthem,anditis
obligatoryuponthemtorefrainfromdoingso,byanymeansnecessary.Ifthey
areunabletodothisexceptbywayofHijrah,itbecomesobligatoryuponeachof
them.Itisnotallowedtoinsultthemasagroupandaccusethemofnifq,asthe
insultingandaccusingofnifqarereservedforthespecificpeopledescribedin
theQurnandSunnah,andthiscanincludesomeofthepeopleofMrdn,as
wellasotherthanthepeopleofMrdn.
AsforitsstatusaseitherDralHarboralandofpeace:itisDrMurakkabah,asit
containselementsofboth.Itisnotalandthathassubmitted,suchthatthelaws
ofIslmareimplementeduponit.Likewise,itisnotDralHarb,whose
inhabitantsaredisbelievers.Rather,itisathirdcategory,inwhichtheMuslimis
treatedashedeservestobetreated,andtheonewhorebelsagainsttheSharah
ofIslmisfoughtandtreatedashedeservestobetreated.
Inlightofthisaforementionedsituation,onecanconcludethatitismustahabb
notobligatorytomakeHijrahfromagivenplaceifonecanopenlypracticehis
religioninthatplace,sothatwedonotgoandaccuseothersofsinwithoutclear,
authenticproof.Ifheisunabletopracticehisreligion,Hijrahisanobligation
uponhim,withoutadoubt.
Third:whatisobligatoryforthescholarmightnotbeobligatoryforthelayman,
andwhatisobligatoryfortheoneuponwhoseshoulderstheinterestsofthe
Dawahrestmightnotbeobligatoryforotherthanhim,andwhatisnecessaryfor
anobligationtobefulfilledisitselfanobligation.Therefore,theobligationof
Hijrahupongroups(jamt)isnotlikeitsobligationuponindividuals,andits
obligationuponthoseindividualswhoseHijrahwillleadtoabenefitforIslmis
notlikeitsobligationuponthoseindividualswhoseHijrahwillsimplyleadto
tirednessandexhaustion,aswellastheburdeningofotherswiththem.One
shouldrefertotheSharproofs,notfaithinspiredemotions,astheissueisoneof
DnandShar.
Fourth:oneshouldnotignorethecategorizationthatwasmentionedbyIbn
QudmahinalMughn,wherehesaid:
44
TheoneforwhomHijrahismustahabbnotobligatoryisonewhoisableto
makeHijrah,yet,heisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr.So,itis
preferredforhimtomakeHijrah,duetowhatthatwouldentailofhisbeingable
towageJihdagainstthem,swellandassisttheMuslimpopulations,andreduce
thepopulationsofthedisbelievers,refrainfrommixingwiththem,and
observingtheirevilwhilebeingamongstthem.However,itwouldstillnotbe
obligatoryforhim,andthisisduetohisabilitytofulfilltheobligationsofhis
religionwithoutneedingtomakeHijrah,asalAbbstheuncleoftheProphet
(peacebeuponhim)waslivinginMakkah,eventhoughhewasaMuslim!
(endofIbnQudmahswords)
So,oneshouldkeepthisinmindinordertonotbeharshagainstthosewhodo
notseeHijrahasbeingobligatoryinsuchacase,andseeitasbeingsimply
mustahabb.
Fifth:thebelievingMuhjirshouldmovefromwhereheistothatwhichisbetter
thanwhereheis.Heshouldgotoaplacethatisfreefromthesinsthatplagued
theareathatheismigratingfrom.Otherwise,ifhecannotfindsuchaplace,heis
notobligedtomakeHijrah.So,heshouldmigratefromDralKufrtoDral
Islm,orfromalandofoppressionandsintoalandofjusticeandgoodness.As
forthemigrationfromoneeviltoanother,orfromalandofsintoalandofequal
sin,thiscontainsnothingbutexhaustionfortheself,lackofbenefit,andawaste
ofmoney.Ifheisunabletofindalandthatispure,andfindsthatsinis
widespreadinalllands,
1
hemustmigratefromtheplaceinwhichsinsare
practicedopenlytoalandthatislighterinsinthanhisown,orfromalandin
whichthereiseviltoalandinwhichtheobligatoryactsareabandoned.For
example,ifheisinalandinwhichfornicationandadulteryarewidespread,in
additiontotherebeinginjusticeandoppression,andanotherlandcontainsthe
oppressionwithoutthefornication,hemustmovetothisland,asitcontainsonly
oneofthetwoevils,asopposedtobothofthem.
AndIask:isitcorrectforustonowobligateHijrahuponthebelieverfromaland
whichalthoughitsconditionisuncleartheshirkinitismorehiddenthanitis
inthelandtowhichhedesirestomigrate?Andtheconditionofthislandto

1
Thisisthecasetoday,andbringsustoanimportantpoint:thelackofaviableDralIslmtoday
doesnotmeanthattheobligationofHijrahisputoff.Rather,astheShaykhexplained,oneis
obligedtomigrateuptheladder,sotospeak.Thatis,oneshouldalwayslooktoliveinaplacein
whichhispracticeofIslmwillbebetterthanitisinhiscurrentlocation,evenifhisfinal
destinationisnotideal(i.e.,DralIslm).(TN)
45
whichhedesirestomigrateisnotasclearasitshouldbe,exceptthatyoumight
seeandhearthesincerityofitsleadersinimplementingIslm,withthetrue
visionofIslmnothavingyetbecomeevident,especiallyinregardstotheissue
oftheshirkofgraves,whichweareconstantlyinastateofanxietyover.Andmy
referencetotheshirkofgravesisnottobetakenasdisregardfortheshirkof
legislationwithAllhtheExaltedortheshirkoftheexaltationandworshipof
thedisbelievingnations,ortheshirkofputtingoffJihdinresponsetothedesires
ofthemightydisbelievingnationsallofwhicharemanifestinmanyofthe
nationsthatclaimIslm.AndIhopethatthisreferencetotheshirkofgravesis
nottakenasajabatthosewhoaretruthfulinimplementingandactingbythe
SharahofAllh.Rather,thiswasmerelytopointoutthepicturethatmustbe
clearinthemindoftheMuhjirbeforehisHijrah,sothathewouldnotendup
beinghinderedandturnedbackbyanypotentialconfusion.
Sixth:itisnotpermissiblefortheonewhohasmigratedtoturnbackfromhis
HijrahwithoutalegitimateSharexcuse.Otherwise,hehascommittedoneofthe
majorsins.AndShaykhAbdillhbinAbdalLatfsaid,inhisadvicetothe
peopleofalArtwiyyah:AndtheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)was
informedofamanwhohadmigrated,thenreturnedfromhisHijrahtolivewith
theBedouins.So,hesaidtohim:Thisisminorapostasy.Whoeverdoesthisis
cursed,andtheonewhostayswiththeBedouinsandperfectshisIslmis
betterthantheonewhomigrated,thenturnedbackfromhisHijrah.
1
Andit
hasreachedmethatfromthepeopleofalArtwiyyaharethosewhomigrated
andestablishedthemselves,andnowdesiretoturnbackfromtheirHijrah,
movingwiththeBedouins.Andthisisagreatdisaster,andtheonewhodoesso
isnotsafefromfallingintoapostasy,
2
andfrombeingofthosewhoturnedback
ontheirheelsaftertheguidancewasmadecleartothem.So,bewarnedofthis,

1
Iwasunabletocomeacrossthehadthwiththiswording,anditdoesnotexist.Itmightbethat
theShaykhwasnarratingthegeneralmeaningofthehadththatwasreportedbyatTabarn,by
wayofJbirbinSamurah:AllhhasCursedtheonewholiveswiththeBedouinsafterhis
Hijrah.AllhhasCursedtheonewholiveswiththeBedouinsafterhisHijrah,exceptintimes
offitnah,aslivingwiththeBedouinsisbetterthanremainingamongstfitnah.alHaytham
said,inMajmaazZawid:ItwasreportedbyatTabarn,anditschaincontainsanarratorthat
Idonotknowanythingof.However,themeaningissupportedbythehadthreportedbyan
Nas,whichwillbeprovidedshortlywiththewordsofIbnHajar.
2
WhatismeanthereisnotthatgoingbackononesHijrahconstitutesriddah,inandofitself.
Rather,heissayingthatbymovingbackwiththeBedouins,whoweredescribedbyAllhas
beingthemostextremeinkufrandnifq,oneisexposinghimselftothepossibilityoffollowing
theirways.(TN)
46
andbepatient.Endure,bewatchful,andremainfirmupontheCommandof
yourLord,anddonotbeofthosewhohaveexchangedtheblessingofAllhfor
disbelief.AndIaskAllhtoguidemeandyou
1
Andduetothis,IbnHajaralAsqalnsaid:
His(alBukhrs)titlingofthechapter:MovingWiththeBedouinsinTimesof
FitnahisinregardstotheMuhjirwhohasmovedfromthelandthathehas
migratedfromtolivewiththeBedouins,therebyreturningtobecominga
BedouinafterhisHijrah,andthiswasforbidden,exceptwithanexcusefromthe
Legislator.Andhe(alBukhr)specifiedthetimeoffitnah,indicatingthatthisis
oneofthesituationsthatconstituteanexcuseindoingso.Ithasalsobeensaid
thatinTimesofFitnahisinreferencetothefactthatthis(movinginwiththe
Bedouins)constitutesabetrayalofthepeopleoftruth.However,theSalaf
differedintheirunderstandingofthisconcept,assomeofthemprotectedand
secludedthemselvesfromanyfitnahsuchasSad,MuhammadbinMaslamah,
andIbnUmarandsomeofthemengagedinfighting,andtheywerethe
majority...(untilIbnHajarsaid)andanNasreportedthatIbnMasdsaid:
Theonewhoconsumesrib,theonewhopaysrib,theonewhoknowingly
writesdownthetransactionandtheonewhoturnsbackasaBedouinafterhis
HijrahallarecursedfromthetongueofMuhammad(peacebeuponhim),until
theDayofResurrection.
2
3
(endofIbnHajarswords)
InasSunanalKubr,alBayhaqreportedthesamenarrationofIbnMasd.
However,hethentitledachapter:WhatHasBeenNarratedRegardingthe
AllowanceofDoingSo(LivingWithBedouinsAfterHijrah)DuringTimesofFitnah,
andbroughtthefollowingnarrationunderit:YazdbinAbUbaydreported
thatSalamahbinalAkwaentereduponalHajjjbinYsuf.So,alHajjjsaidto
him:OIbnalAkwa!HaveyoureturnedtobeingaBedouin?Salamahreplied:
No.Rather,theMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowedmetoremain
withtheBedouins(intimesoffitnah).
4

1

2
anNas(5102),andalAlbndeclareditsahhinatTalqarRaghb(3/49)

3
FathalBr(13/4445)

4
alBukhr(7087)

47
So,thedifferenceofopinionlefttoaddressisinregardstothepermissibilityof
theMuhjirnremainingformorethanthreedaysinMakkahaftercompleting
theirHajjrituals.ThisisinregardstotheMuhjirwholeftforMadnah,and
migratedtoitinordertogivevictorytothereligionofAllh,aswasreported
thatalAlbinalHadramheardtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)
say:TheMuhjirhasthreedaystoremainafterfinishinginMakkah,
1
and
itsasifhewasinstructingtonotstaybeyondthis.
So,itwasnotpermissibleforonetoreturntohishomeland(Makkah),andthis
wasinregardstothetimebeforehislandwasconquered.However,after
MakkahwasconqueredandbecameDralIslm,someofthescholarssawthat
thisrulinghadchanged,andwhoeverwishestoreadintothisissue,lethim
reviewitinthebookofTheVirtuesoftheAnsr,inthechapterTheMuhjirs
RemaininginMakkahAfterCompletingHisRituals,inIbnHajarsexplanationof
SahhalBukhr.
2
Regardingthis,IbnHazmalsosaid:
Mlik,ashShfi,andtheirfollowers,alluseasprooftheauthenticnarration
fromtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),bywayofalAlbinal
Hadram:TheMuhjircanremainforthreedaysaftercompletinghisrituals.
TheysaidthattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)hatedforthe
MuhjirntoremaininMakkahwhichwastheirhomelandthattheywere
expelledfromfortheSakeofAllhuntiltheymeettheirLordwhiletheyare
strangersfromtheirownhomelands,allfortheFaceofAllhtheMightyand
Majestic.Afterthis,heallowedthemtoremaininitforthreedaysafter
completingtheirrituals.
Afterthis,itbecomescleartousthedangerofthedesirethatcanafflicttheone
whomakesHijrahfromDralKufrorDralHarb,andfollowsthatbyreturning
therewithoutanySharexcuse,whileitisuponwhatitisuponofkufr.

1

2
InFathalBr(7/267),IbnHajarsaid:WhatthishadthreferstoisthatstayinginMakkahwas
forbiddentoonewhohadmigratedfromitbeforeitsconquest.But,itwaspermittedtothose
whowentthereforHajjorUmrahtostayaftercompletingtheritualsforthreedays,andno
more.(TN)
48
Seventh:fromthegeneraloutcomesofnotmakingHijrahisthatoneisforcedto
witnessvariousevils,aswellascompromisewiththosewhofacilitatethe
practiceofthesesinsandevils,gainingnearnesstothem,andopeningones
hearttothem.Thisisbecauseevilcallsouttoothers,andvariousevilsdrag
themselvestocollectandbeclosetoeachother.So,fortheonewhoislivingin
theirmidst,theyarenotpleasedexceptwithsuchapersonindulginginsuch
affairs.Anditisinevitablethatonewilltrytopleasethem,compromisewith
theirdesires,etc.asmentionedbytheAllmahAbdarRahmnbinHasan.
1
Eighth:justbecausealandisoneofkufr,oroneofmn,oroneofsin,this
doesntmeanthatthisisthepermanentstatusofsuchaland.Rather,itisa
descriptionthatisgiventoitbasedonthestateofitsinhabitants,aswellasthe
lawsthatgovernit.So,everylandthatisinhabitedbythepiousbelievers,andis
ruledbytheSharahofAllh,isalandoftheawliyofAllhatthatgivenpoint
intime.Likewise,everylandthatisinhabitedbythedisbelievers,orisruledby
otherthanIslm,itisDralKufratthatgivenpointintime.Likewise,everyland
thatisinhabitedbyanoverwhelmingmajorityoffsiqn,itisalandofsinatthat
givenpointintime.However,ifitbecomesinhabitedbythosedifferentthan
whathasbeenmentioned,itbecomesalandcharacterizedbywhoeverhas
replacedthem.Thisisjustlikeinthecaseofamosque:ifitbecomesabar,a

1
AndwhatlendscredencetothisiswhatwasstatedbyShaykhAbdullhAzzm,when
addressingtheissueofMuslimsstudyingintheWest:Becauseofthis,theWesternlife,living
betweenthedisbelievers,isavery,very,verydifficultlife.Oneoftheyouthofcourse,the
storiesaremany,andIamunabletotellthemallherecametomeataconferenceandhewas
oneofmystudentsinJordanandsaidtome:Thatsit.IfIdonotgetmarried,Iwillcommit
fornication.Iamunabletosurvive,andherepeateditagain:Iamunabletosurvive.Iambeing
seriouswithyou,andwhoeversaysotherthanthis,thenheisaliar.TellmebyAllahan
unmarriedyouthintheextremeheat,andatthecollege,agirlissittingrightnexttohim,with
herskirttencentimetersaboveherknees!AndourLordSaid,aboutProphetYsuf:{Andindeed
shediddesirehimandhewouldhaveinclinedtoherdesire,hadhenotseentheevidenceofhis
Lord.}[Ysuf;24]WereitnotforhimseeingasignfromhisLord,hewouldhaveinclinedtoher
Ysuf,thepure,purifying,noblesonofthenoblesonofthenoblesonofthenoble.So,howcan
thisbe?IdeclareitforbiddenfortheyouthtostudyintheWest,exceptiftheyaremarried.
Hearitfromme:itisforbiddenforayouthtostudyintheWest,unlessheismarried.Relayon
mybehalf,evenifitisonefatw:itisnotallowed,notallowed,notallowed.Howcanoneprotect
himself?Itisimpossibletoprotectoneself,exceptthroughmarriage.Itisimpossible,impossible,
impossible,fortheunmarriedpersontolivethere,unlessheisabnormal.Ifheisabnormal,then
hemightbeabletolivethere.Asforthenormalhumanbeing,thenhow,mybrother?Sexis
availablelikewater,anditisallowed,accordingtothelaw,inthestreet,everywhere!Thestories
aremany,andthosewhocametousfromItalyandSwedenknowverywellthedisasterslurking
intheWesternsocieties.[FDhillSratatTawbah;p.12](TN)
49
gatheringplaceofsin,achurchinwhichotherthanAllhisworshipped,etc.,it
ischaracterizedbywhatthosewhoareinitaredoing.Likewise,abar,gathering
placeofsin,etc.ifitismadeintoamosqueinwhichonlyAllhisworshipped,
itischaracterizedaccordingtowhatithasbecome.Thesameisinthecaseofa
righteousmanwhobecomesasinner,adisbelieverwhobecomesabeliever,ora
believerwhobecomesadisbeliever,etc.everyoneischaracterizedaccordingto
thechangethathehasmade,asAllhSaid:

{Allhhasputforthaparable:atownshipthatwassafeandsecure}
1
ThisversewasrevealedinMakkahwhenitwasconsideredDralKufr,allthe
whilebeingthebestofthelandsofAllh,andthemostbelovedoflandstoAllh.
However,Hewasreferringtoitsinhabitants,aswellasthelawsthatwere
governingit,asitwasnarratedthattheMessengerofAllhsaid,ashewas
standingandlookingatit:ByAllh,youarethebestofAllhslands,andthe
mostbelovedofAllhslandstoAllh.Andwereitnotforthefactthatmy
peoplehadexpelledmefromyou,Iwouldnothaveleft.
2
Therefore,theMuslimMuhjirshouldnotaskhowitisthatheistomakeHijrah
fromalandofvirtuetoalandthatislessinvirtue.Thedecidingfactorisnotthe
inherentvirtueofaland,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)
commandedthepeopletomigratefromthebestlandofAllh,andthemost
belovedlandtoHim,toonewhichwaslessso.Therefore,oneshouldlooktoand
judgebasedonthetransientdescriptionofthatland,regardlessofitsvirtue,
status,orlocation.
3
Thistransientdescriptionwilleventuallychangebythe
CommandofAllh,inorderthatthelandreturntoitsappropriatecategorization
anddescription.AndoneshouldnotpayanymindtothesayingofIbnalArab
inAhkmalQurnthatMakkahisDralIslmtilltheDayofResurrection,as

1
anNahl;112

2
atTirmidhi(3925)andIbnMjah(3108),andalAlbndeclareditsahhinMishktalMasbh
(2725)

3
ShaykhAbBasrsaid:Knowthataland,nomatterhowblesseditis,isnotgivenstatusor
holinessbyitsinhabitants.Rather,whatisblessedistheperson,andthepersoniswhatmakesa
landgreatwithhisactionsandJihdinthePathofAllh.ThisiswhywhenAbadDardcalled
SalmnalFristomigratetotheHolyLand(Shm),Salmnrepliedtohim,saying:Verily,the
HolyLanddoesnotmakeanyoneholy.Rather,apersonismadeblessedwithhisactions.(TN)

50
thereisabsolutelynoproofforthisfromthenarrationsoftheCompanions,nor
wasitknownfromthem,therighteousSalaf,orthosewhocameafterthem
mayAllhbePleasedwiththemall.So,MakkahmayAllhkeepitnobleis
likeanyotherlandwhenitcomestobeingdescribedasDralKufrorDral
Islm,andthishasbeenitsconditionthroughoutitslonghistorymayAllh
keepitnoble.Otherwise,whatreasondidthearmiesofIslmhavetoprepare
themselvestoconqueritthroughouttime?
1

1
Forfurtherdetailsonthissubject,refertotheTibynPublicationsrelease,CanMakkahBecome
DralHarb? (TN)
51
Conclusion
ThereisnodoubtthatDralIslmisthatinwhichthelawsofIslmare
implementedwithoutanyimpedimentordistortion,andDralKufristhatin
whichthelawsofkufrareuppermostoverthelawsofIslm,andDralHarbis
anylandinwhichthereisawarbetweenthebelieversandthedisbelievers,and
aDrMurakkabahisthatwhosepopulationisMuslim,whileitsrulersonly
implementthoseaspectsofIslmthatdonotruncontrarytotheirpolitics,or
theirinterestsinremainingupontheirthronesthethronesofoppression,force,
andtyranny.
Likewise,thereisnodoubtthattheoriginalrulingofHijrahremainsaslongas
theconditionsthatcallforitarise,andtheclaimthatithasbeenabrogatedis
falseandincorrect,sinceitwaspossibletoreconcilebetweentheproofs.Infact,
thereisnocontradictionbetweentheproofs,andtheonewhoclaimsotherwise
hastaskedhimselfwiththatwhichhehasnorighttotaskhimselfwith.
AndthereisnodoubtintheobligationofHijrahbaseduponwhathasbeen
mentionedfortheonewhohastheabilitytodoso,isunabletoopenlypractice
hisreligion,andlivesDralKufr/Harb.Asforthecaseofonewholivesinaland
whoseconditionismixed(DrMurakkabah),andthereisanobligationthatmust
befulfilledinthelandthatheismigratingtothatcannotbefulfilledexceptby
makingHijrah,andhisHijrahwillleadtoanincreaseinthenumbersandpower
oftheMuslims,andhecannotopenlypracticehisreligioninthelandwithin
whichhecurrentlylives,andheisconfidentthattheSharofAllhisbeing
implementedinthelandthathewishestomigrateto,andthatthelawsofIslm
areuppermostinthislandinthiscase,Hijrahbecomesanindividualobligation
uponhim,duetotheproofsthathavebeenmentioned,andbecausewhatis
necessarytofulfillanobligationisitselfanobligation.However,ifthesituation
isnotasdescribedabove,therulingofHijrahremainsoneofpreference,not
obligation.
Andwhatismeantbyopenlypracticingonesreligionissimplyonething,and
thatis:disassociationfromthedisbelievers,pointingouttheirdisbelief,
manifestingenmitytowardsthem,belittlingthemandtheirwayoflife,andto
disassociatefromthosewhostandbythemandallywiththemallinanopen,
clearmanner.Anythingotherthanhisisnotconsideredopenpracticeofreligion.
Rather,suchwouldbeconsideredadistortionoftheReligionanditshallmarks.
52
Andwhatneedstobefurtherknownandresearchedistheissueoftheland
whoseconditionismixed(DrMurakkabah);specificallyinregardstowhetheror
notHijrahfromsuchalandwillleadtonegativeresults,suchthattherewillbea
reductioninthegoodpeoplethere,orthattheplacewillbeleftfreeforthe
tawghttospreadmischiefin.Thisisespeciallyimportantsincesomeofthe
ShfisforbademigrationfromalandinwhichtheMuslimissafe,canopenly
practicehisreligioninDralHarb,cansecludehimselfinaprivatearea,andstay
fromthedisbelievers.Suchapersonisforbiddenfromleavingthisland,asthe
areainwhichheissecludinghimselfhasbecomeDralIslm,andwithhis
migrationfromit,wouldreturntobeinginthegraspofthedisbelievers.And
thisissomethingthatisnotpermissible,aseveryareawhoseinhabitantscan
separatethemselvesfromthedisbelieversisconsideredDralIslm,regarding
whichweprovidedthefatwofShihbadDnarRamltothepeopleofArghn.
So,itisupontheMuslimtobeaswaryofthesemattersaspossible,toseekout
thecorrectcourse,andtobasehisactionsuponthis.
AndourfinalcallisthatallpraiseisforAllh,theLordoftheWorlds,andmay
peaceandprayersbeuponourProphet,Muhammad,aswellashisHousehold
andCompanions.
Writtenby:AbdalAzzbinSlihalJarb
53
Appendix1:
TheCaseoftheMuslimsBornintheLandsoftheDisbelievers
ShaykhAbBasratTartssaid:
TheMuslimswhowereborninthelandsofthedisbelieversexceedhundredsof
millionsinnumber.Therefore,itisnotpossibletomakeacallorissueasingle
fatwobligatingallofthemtomakeHijrah,leavingtheirlandstoplaces
unknowntothem!
WhatcanbegivenasananswertothisissueisthattheMuslimwhoisbornin
thedisbelievingnationsisgiventheSharchoicebetweenthreethings,andhe
shouldlooktothatwhichisbetterforhimselfandhisreligion:
1) Thatheremainundertheirauthority,security,andcovenant,andenjoys
whattheyofferhimofrights,exceptthatheisnottobetrayhispactwith
themandtransgressagainsttheminanyway,especiallyifheisableto
openlypracticehisreligion,fulfillhisreligiousobligations,andengagein
theimportanttaskofcallingtoAllh,theExalted.
IfitissaidthatthispactisbetweenaMuslimandadisbelievingnation,andit
entailsrightsandobligations,andfromtheseobligationsarethosethat
contradicttheShar,Isay:thereisnothingintheSharahtopreventcomplying
withalloftherightsandobligationsthatdonotcontradictthepureSharah.And
itisobligatorytoexcuseoneselffromanyactionthatcontradictstheIslmic
Sharahandbelief,andtoworktopreventoneselffromfallingunderanything
thatwouldleadtocontradictingtheSharah,asmuchasoneisable,asthereis
noobediencetothecreationnomatterwhothatpersonisindisobedienceto
theCreator!
ItshouldalsobepointedoutaswementionedbeforethattheMuslimsin
manyoftheselands,especiallyinEurope,areabletoopenlymanifesttheir
religionandbelief,andtoverballycommandthegoodandforbidtheevil,andto
fulfilltheirreligionsobligationswiththeutmostfreedommoresothanthe
MuslimsintheArablands,orotherlandsthatfalselyrefertothemselvesas
beingIslmic!
54
2) Hecancalloffhispactsandcovenantsofsecuritywiththem,and
announcethecommencementofJihdandfighting,ifheisabletodothat,
andtheSharinterestsentailthathebeginwiththemlikethis.Insucha
case,heisfreeofthemandanycovenantshehaswiththem,andtheyare
likewisefreeofhimandanycovenantstheyhavewithhim,aswellas
compliancewiththesecovenants,andtheyareeachfairgameforthe
other.
3) Hecanmigrate,ifhecanfindawaytomakeHijrahtoabetteralternative
towhereheiscurrentlyliving,allthewhilekeepinginmindthenecessity
ofweighingthebenefitsandharms,motivationsandgoals,etc.
Ifitisasked:whatifhecannotfindabetteralternative?
Isay:insuchacase,heisnotobligedtomigrate,andhiscaseisliketheonewho
isunabletoperformHijrah,andtheobligationisliftedfromhim.Movingfrom
aneviltoanequalevilisnothingbutawasteofenergy,potential,andtime,all
withoutanyachievementorbenefit,andthisisfromtheidlenessthattheSharah
hasforbidden.
So,thesearethethreechoicesthatIslmhasputinhishands,andhecanchoose
anyofthethreethatheisabletofulfill,andthatcontainwhatisbestforhis
religion,self,family,andUmmah.
AndAllhKnowsbest.
1
ShaykhalAlbnsaid:
CommentingonthehadthoftheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim):
Verily,allofyou,ifyoubearwitnessthatnonehastherighttobe
worshippedbutAllh,performtheprayer,paytheZakh,separateyourselves
fromtheMushrikn,givethefifthofthewarbooty,andtheshareforthe
Prophet,andthatwhichheselectsfromthewarbootybeforeitisdistributed,
youaresafewiththeprotectionofAllh,andtheprotectionofHis
Messenger.

1
TakenfromthebookalHijrah:MasilwaAhkm

55
ShaykhalAlbncommented,saying:
Andverily,fromthatwhichistobeextremelysaddenedaboutisthatthosewho
embraceIslminthispresenttimeperioddespitetheirlargenumber,andall
praiseisduetoAllhtheydontconformwiththisrulingofseparating
themselvesandmigratingtothelandsofIslm,exceptforasmallportionof
them,andItracethereasonforthatbacktotwomatters:
Thefirstistheirgreedforthedunyandtheeasymeansoflivingandluxuryin
theirlands,resultingfromtheirlivingamaterialisticlifeofjoythathasno
spiritualityinit,asiswellknown.So,itisusuallydifficultforthemtomoveto
anIslmiclandinwhichthemeansofadecentlifemaynotbesufficientfor
them,intheirviewpoint.
Thesecondanditismoresignificantistheirignoranceofthisruling,andthey
areexcusedinthat,becausetheydonothearanythingregardingitfromanyof
thecallerswhosewordsarepublicizedandtranslatedintosomeoftheforeign
languages,nordotheyhearitfromthosewhogototheminthenameofDawah,
becausemostofthemarenotknowledgeableintherulingsofIslm...Rather,
theyclingmoretotheirlandswhentheyseemanyoftheMuslimsreversingthe
rulingbyleavingtheirlands,goingtothelandsofdisbelief.So,fromwhereare
thosepeoplewhomAllhguidedtoIslmgoingtoknowthelikesofthisruling,
whiletheMuslimsthemselvesareactingcontrarytoit?
Indeed,letthesepeopleandthosepeopleknowthatHijrahcontinuestoexistjust
likeJihd,forhehassaid:Hijrahdoesnotceaseaslongastheenemyis
fought.Andinanotherhadth:Hijrahwillnotceaseuntilrepentanceceases,
andrepentancewillnotceaseuntiltheSunrisesfromtheWest.
...Also,fromthatwhichshouldbeknownisthatHijrahisofdifferenttypes,and
isfornumerousreasons,andforitsexplanation,thereisamoreappropriate
place.Whatisimportantheretoknowisthatmigrationfromthelandsof
disbelieftothelandsofIslmisobligatory,nomatterhowmuchtherulersin
theselandshavedeviatedfromIslm,orhavebeennegligentinimplementingits
rulings,astheselandsaremuchbetterthanthelandsofdisbeliefintermsof
character,religiouspractice,andculturalbehaviornomatterhowyoulookatit
evenwithwhattheMuslimlandsaredescribedwith...
1

1
TakenfromSilsilatalAhdthasSahhah(commentarytohadth#2857)
56
Appendix2:
HijrahTotheLandsofKufr
ShaykhAbMuhammadalMaqdissaid:
AsfortherulingonHijrahtothelandsoforiginalkufrsuchasAmerica,
Europe,etc.andlivingintheminordertoimproveoneslivingconditions,the
Muslimshouldnotdothis.
Rather,thosewhopermittedHijrahtothelandsofkufrdidsointhecaseofthe
absenceofDralIslmthattheMuslimcanreachto,providedtherewasaneed
forhimtodoso.Inotherwords,heisbeingharmedinhisownland,andis
forcedtoleaveit,justastheearlyMuhjirnleftfromMakkahtoEthiopia.
Asforthosewhomigratetothelandsinquestionandresideinthemwithoutany
needfordoingsorather,hedoessoforthesakeoftheduny,andtoimprove
hislivingconditions,despitewhatisknownofitsevilandfitnahfortheMuslims
religion,honor,andfamilythisisnotsomethingthattheMuslimwhoiseager
tosafeguardhisreligionandfamilyshouldtakelightly.

Andthejoyousoneishewhoisadmonishedbyothers

EveryonethatweknowtherefromourintelligentMuslimbrotherswarnfrom
migratingtherewithoutagenuineneed,asmanyofthelandsthatascribe
themselvestoIslmtodaydespitetheirkufrandcorruptregimesarebetterfor
amansreligion,andlessofadangertohisfamilyandhonor.
Anditissaidthatsomeevilsarelighterthanothers
So,wedonotadviseyoutomigratetothelikesofAmerica,Europe,etc.fromthe
landsinquestion,solongasitispossibleforyoutoliveinthese(Muslim)lands
thatarelessinevilandfitnahforyourreligion.

AndthereisachapterinSahhalBukhrtitled:FromtheDnistoEscapeFrom
Fitnah.

MayAllhprotectyoufromallevil,andfromallopenandhiddenfitan.
57
Appendix3:
ToWhereShouldOneMakeHijrah?
ShaykhAbBasratTartssaid:
Therearemanyahdththatindicatethevirtueoflivingincertaincountriesand
regions,aswellasthevirtuesoftheinhabitantsofthoseplaces.Amongstthem
areMadnahandShm.
1Madnah:
AgroupofahdthhavebeenauthenticallyreportedfromtheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)regardingthevirtuesoflivinginMadnah:
Madnahisbetterforthem,ifonlytheyknew.Nobodyeverleavesitseeking
toescapefromitexceptthatAllhgiveshimthatwhichisbetterthanit.And
nobodyremainsfirmuponitshardshipsexceptthatIwillintercedeorbea
witnessforhimontheDayofResurrection.
1
TherewillcomeatimeuponMadnahwhenthepeoplewillleaveitforthe
villages,seekingcomfort.So,theywillfindcomfort.Then,theywilltaketheir
familiestothiscomfort,andMadnahisbetterforthem,iftheyonlyknew.
2
Yemenwillbeconquered,andsomepeoplewillmigrate(fromMadnah)
andwilltaketheirfamilies,aswellasthosewhowillobeythemtomigrate(to
Yemen),althoughMadnahwillbebetterforthem,iftheyonlyknew.Shm
willalsobeconquered,andsomepeoplewillmigrate(fromMadnah),and
willtaketheirfamiliesandthosewhowillobeythem,althoughMadnahwill
bebetterforthem,iftheyonlyknew.Iraqwillbeconquered,andsomepeople
willmigrate(fromMadnah),andwillurgetheirfamiliesandthosewhowill
obeythemtomigrate,althoughMadnahwillbebetterforthem,iftheyonly
knew.
3

1
alAlbndeclareditsahhinasSilsilahasSahhah(274)
2
alAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1189)
3
alBukhr(1742)
58

WhoeverofyouisabletodieinMadnah,lethimdoso,forIwillintercede
fortheonewhodiesinit,
1
andinanothernarration:Whoeverofyouisable
todieinMadnah,lethimdoso,forIwillbeawitnessorintercessoronthe
DayofResurrectionforwhoeverdiesinit.
2 Shm
2
:
GladtidingsforShm.GladtidingsforShm.GladtidingsforShm.The
Companionsasked:Andwhyisthat,OMessengerofAllh?Hereplied:O
gladtidingsforShm.TheAngelsofAllhspreadtheirwingsoverShm.
AbdullhbinHawlahnarratedthattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeupon
him)said:Youwillpreparesomearmies:anarmyforShm,anarmyforIraq,
andanarmyforYemen.So,Abdullhsaid:Chooseoneforme,OMessenger
ofAllh!So,hesaid:GoforShm.Whoeverisunabletodososhouldgofor
YemenasAllhMightyandMajestichassufficedformeShmandits
people.
Rabahsaid:IheardAbIdrsnarratingthishadth,andsaying:Whoeveris
sufficedbyAllhcanneverbelost.
Verily,whentribulationsoccur,faithisinShm.
IfthepeopleofShmbecomecorrupt,thereisnogoodinyou.Therewill
alwaysbeavictoriousgroupofmyUmmah;theywillnotbeharmedbythose
whobetraythem,untiltheHourisestablished.Andinonenarration:And
theyareinShm.
AbdullhbinHawlahsaid:OMessengerofAllh!Determineformealand
thatIshouldlivein,forifIknewthatyouwouldbewithusforalongtime,I
wouldnotchooseanythingoverstayingwithyou.TheMessengerofAllh
(peacebeuponhim)said:GotoShm.GotoShm.GotoShm.So,whenhe
sawthatIdislikedShm,hesaid:DoyouknowwhatAllhtheMightyand
MajesticSaid?HeSaid:Youarethecreamofmylands,towhichIenterthe
bestofMyservants.AndonthenightofmyIsr,Isawawhitepillar,asifit
weremadeofpearls,beingcarriedbytheAngels.Iaskedthem:Whatareyou

1
atTabarn,andalAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1192)
2
WhatismeantbyShmisGreaterShm,whichincludedSyria,Lebanon,Jordan,andPalestine
allthewaytoTabk.
59
carrying?Theysaid:WearecarryingthepillarofIslm,andwewere
commandedtoplaceitinShm.
GotoShm,foritisthechosenlandofAllhslands,anditisthedestination
ofHischosenservants.
AfirewillemergeattheendoftimefromHadramawt,anditwillgatherthe
peopletogether.TheCompanionsasked:So,whatdoyoucommandustodo,
OMessengerofAllh?He(peacebeuponhim)replied:GotoShm.
ThecityoftheMuslimsonthedayoftheGreatWar(alMalhamah)isina
fertileoasisnexttoacitycalledDamascus,anditisfromthebestcitiesof
Shm.
OnthedayoftheGreatWar(alMalhamah),thecityoftheMuslimsisina
fertileoasis,inwhichthereisacityknownasDamascus.Itisthebestlocation
fortheMuslimsonthatday.
1
TherewillbeHijrahafterHijrah,andthebestpeopleofEarthwillbethose
whomostcloselyfollowtheHijrahofIbrhm.
I(AbBasr)say:andtheHijrahofIbrheemwastoPalestine,aswellasits
surroundingareasofthelandofShm.Andthehadthisanencouragementfor
thepeopleofPalestinetoremainandstayfirminthelandofPalestine,which
wasthedestinationoftheHijrahofIbrhm.
TheessenceofthelandsofthebelieversisShm.
2
I(AbBasr)say:andwhatisbetterthanlivinginMadnah,Shm,andother
similarregions,istosticktothelandsinwhichthereisRibtandJihdinthePath
ofAllh,andtoseektotraveltosuchlands,nomatterwhereoneis.Thisis
becauseithasbeenauthenticallynarratedfromtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)
thathesaid:RibtinthePathofAllhforasingledayisbetterthanthe

1
AndthehadthcontainsgladtidingsforthebelieversthatDamascuswillreturntoitsgloryand
positionofleadershipfortheUmmah,leadingitinJihdfortheSakeofAllh,andvictoryand
establishment,andthatthiswillhappensoonerorlaterandthatthedarkcloudover
DamascusandShmthatismanifestedinthisdisbelievingsecularregimewillsoonfadeaway,
andthisisnotfaroff,bythePermissionofAllh.

2
AlloftheahdththathavejustbeenmentionedinregardstothevirtuesofShmareall
authentic,andsomeofthemareintheSahhayn.IextractedthemfromthebookFadilash
ShmwaDimashq,withthecheckingofShaykhMuhammadNsiradDnalAlbn.So,whoever
wishesshouldrefertoit.
60
worldandallthatisinit,andthespacetakenupbyaleatherstrapofyoursin
Paradiseisbetterthantheworldandwhatisinit,andoneexpeditionthatthe
servantembarksoninthePathofAllhisbetterthantheworldandwhatisin
it.
1
AndRibtistoremainonthefrontlinesbetweentheMuslimsandtheir
enemiesinpreparationforfighting,andinordertoguardandprotectthe
Muslimsfromthem.
Ribtforonedayandnightisbetterthanfastingandprayingatnightforan
entiremonth,andifonediesduringthis,hewillstillberewardedforthe
actionsthathewasdoing,andhewillbeprovidedfor,andhewillbe
protectedfromtheFattn(MunkarandNakr,whocarryoutthequestioning
inthegrave).
2

StandingforonehourinthePathofAllhisbetterthanstandinginprayerat
nightonLaylatalQadrattheBlackStone.
3
RibtforonedayinthePathofAllhisbetterthanonethousanddaysany
otherplace.
4
AndinthenarrationofIbnMjah:WhoeverengagesinRibtin
thePathofAllhforonenight,itisasifheengagedinfastingandnight
prayerforonethousandnights.
5

ForamantostandinrankinthePathofAllhforasinglehourisbetterwith
Allhthanworshipforsixtyyears.
6

AllhuAkbar!Foramantostandinrankforasinglehourpreparingforabattle
thatmightnoteventakeplaceisbetterwithAllhthanworshipforsixtyyears!
ByAllh,itisagreatgainthereisnowayforthosewhositbehindnomatter
howactiveandabletheyareinworshiptoachieveevenonetenthofthislevel
orreward!

1
alBukhr(2892)
2
Muslim(3/1520)
3
IbnHibbn,andalAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1223)
4
atTirmidhandanNas,andalAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1224)

5
alAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1224)

6
alHkim,andalAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1303)
61
AbHurayrahreportedthatitwassaid:OMessengerofAllh!Whatis
equivalenttoJihdinthePathofAllh?He(peacebeuponhim)said:You
wouldnotbeabletofulfillthis.So,theyrepeatedthequestiontwoorthree
times,towhichhealsoreplied:Youwouldnotbeabletofulfillthis. Hethen
said:ThelikenessoftheMujhidinthePathofAllhisthatoftheonewhois
fastingandprayingatnightwiththeversesofAllh,andneverceasespraying
andfastinguntiltheMujhidinthePathofAllhreturns.
1

AndMudhbinAnasreportedthatawomancametotheProphet(peacebe
uponhim)andsaid:OMessengerofAllh!Myhusbandhasgoneonan
expedition,andusedtopraythesameamountthathewouldpray,andwould
equalhiminallofhisactions.So,informmeofanactionthatwouldequalhis
actionuntilhereturns.So,hesaidtoher:Areyouabletoprayconstantly
withoutsitting,fastwithouteating,andrememberAllhwithoutstopping,
untilhereturns?Shesaid:Icannotdothis,OMessengerofAllh!Hesaid:
BytheOneinwhoseHandmysoulis,evenifyouwereabletodothis,it
wouldnotequalevenatenthofwhatheisdoing.
2

Isay:thewomanisinMadnah,andherhusbandisonthefrontlinesoutsideof
Madnah!
So,thisissimplyatasteofwhathasbeenauthenticallyrelatedinregardstothe
virtueofbeinginthelandsofRibtandJihd,andweintendedsimplytogive
someexamplesandreminders,andnottoprovideacomprehensivelist,asthis
wouldrequirelengthyvolumes.WehopefromAllhtheExaltedthatHe
assistsusinproducingsuchacollection,asaservicetoJihdandtheMujhidn,
asHeisAbletoDowhatHeWills.
3

1
2
Ahmad,and alAlbndeclareditsahhinSahhatTarghbwatTarhb(1303)

3
TakenfromthebookalHijrah:MasilwaAhkm

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