Global emissions 132

174
49 Sweden 56 Finland
Eurasia
since Kyoto
62
668 606

26,397m tonnes of CO2

1997 to 2007
23 Netherlands Arrows show difference in country’s
179 2,850 54 Denmark
644
80
17% growth in emissions
over the period % annual carbon emissions between
1997 and 2007
104

7 Canada 8 UK
63

6,281
88 3 Russia
6,385 26
-1%
27 Belgium 17,360 Kazakhstan
8% 1,619 52 Belarus
649 1,790 108
109
15%
210
95
6 Germany 20 Poland
35 Uzbekistan
3,308 68

9,487 1,237

12 France -6% 18 Ukraine

4,466 3,722 99
118

105 44
38 Czech Rep. 64
North Korea
1,045 65
769

9 South Korea
106

43 Austria
1 US 61 781 83 55 Hungary
641 5,059

64,166
17 Spain
3,740 10 Italy 78 37 Romania
1,112
4,997 59 Serbia &

million tonnes 85 Montenegro

519
127
48 Portugal
678 101 57 Bulgaria
180 120 559

7%
2 China
135
36 Greece

Europe 1,124
4 Japan
45,301
24 Turkey
140 209
2,313
North America 50,370m tonnes of CO2
1997 to 2007
Serbia & Montenegro
since separation 103 13,342
million tonnes
74,867m tonnes of CO2
1997 to 2007 5% growth in emissions
over the period 9%

9% growth in emissions

Middle East 102%

over the period

13,547m tonnes of CO2

1997 to 2007
165

59% growth in emissions

15 Iran 22 Taiwan
Asia &
over the period
79 34 Pakistan
30 Egypt 2,909
121 70
4,128 1,240
13 Mexico 1,497
Oceania
217
73 211 40 Algeria 60 Libya 45
4,302 153
84 71 90
181
204 197
192
133
941 518
86 58 Syria
550 148
Hong Kong
212 102 735
119 161 168 41 Iraq

96,306m
93 147 191 177 196
186 159 163 146 187 125 150 883 134 189 tonnes of CO2
185 206 175 182 53 Vietnam

Africa
166 110 116 107 47 Israel 81 1997 to 2007
144 183 100
158
96 647 42
701

64%
173 188 154 39 Nigeria 131 157 46 Kuwait 69 Philippines
167 199 703 growth in emissions
98 1,028 172 794

10,552m
112 72 194 156 117 124 184 136 over the period
113 122 92 28 Venezuela tonnes of CO2
207 138 126 25 Thailand
1997 to 2007 169
115 1,589 141 171
2,194 114

25% 5 India
155 82 151 205
152 123 77
89
164
growth in emissions 216 142 91
145 129 19 Saudi Arabia 160

Central &
over the period

51 Colombia
651
162
195
139
3,663
66
11,870 31 Malaysia
1,454
21 Indonesia
137

South America
200 190
3,049 130
76 60% 198
215
16 Brazil 11 South Africa 202 201

11,461m tonnes of CO2

1997 to 2007
74
3,881 World 4,504
87
75 32 UAE 33 Singapore
208
149
178
218 170

26%
97 1,429 1,307 143 203 213

283,500m
growth in emissions 50 Chile 94
over the period 128 tonnes of CO2
656 176
1997 to 2007

29 Argentina
111
29% growth in emissions
over the period
14 Australia
4,203
1,544 214

CO2 emissions 193 Global warming Total carbon emissions, 1997–2007 67

Rank Country Million Percent Rank Country Million Percent Rank Country Million Percent Rank Country Million Percent Rank Country Million Percent
Annual global emissions from fossil-fuel burning and cement, million tonnes of CO2 Change in global average near-surface temperature trend, relative to 1861-1900 average tonnes change tonnes change tonnes change tonnes change tonnes change
97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07 97—07

The summit
20,000 0.75

Earth has warmed 0.7C since around 1900 1 United States 64,166 7 46 Kuwait 703 49 91 Zimbabwe 137 -23 136 Cambodia 31 111 181 Antigua & Barbuda 6.1 33
15,000 0.5 2 China 45,301 102 47 Israel 701 25 92 Netherlands Antilles 127 137 Guam 29 -44 182 Laos 36

in numbers
3 5.6
3 Russia 17,360 15 48 Portugal 678 16 93 Jamaica 126 24 138 Congo (Kinshasa) 29 -35 183 Liberia 5.5 54
4 Japan 13,342 9 49 Sweden 668 -14 94 Sri Lanka 124 46 139 Reunion 28 48 184 Burundi 4.2 3
10,000 0.25 5 India 11,870 60 50 Chile 656 20 95 Luxembourg 115 41 140 Serbia 27 -- 185 Cayman Islands 4.2 41
6 Germany 9,487 -6 51 Colombia 651 2 96 Burma 113 98 141 Zambia 25 9 186 Guinea-Bissau 4.0 30

15,000
7 Canada 6,385 8 52 Belarus 649 16 97 Bolivia 112 70 142 Namibia 25 113 187 Central African Republic 3.6 13
5,000 0.0 8 United Kingdom 6,281 -1 53 Vietnam 647 104 98 Guatemala 108 72 143 New Caledonia 25 67 188 Saint Lucia 3.5 87
9 South Korea 5,059 21 54 Denmark 644 -24 99 Armenia 100 48 144 Martinique 24 22 189 Bhutan 3.3 18
0 -0.25
10 Italy 4,997 9 55 Hungary 641 -4 100 Kenya 98 68 145 Madagascar 23 100 190 U.S. Pacific Islands 3.3 1 Number of delegates expected to
11 South Africa 4,504 17 56 Finland 606 6 101 Macedonia 97 -16 146 Benin 22 170 191 Gambia 3.1 51 attend official Copenhagen summit
1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 12 France 4,466 5 57 Bulgaria 559 -7 102 Sudan 92 204 147 Guadeloupe 21 29 192 Western Sahara 2.9 23
SOURCE: WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE 2006 (FROM STERN REPORT) SOURCE: BROHAN ET AL. 2006 (FROM STERN REPORT) 13 Mexico 4,302 30 58 Syria 550 15 103 Cyprus 90 41 148 Macau 21 57 193 Antarctica 2.6 16
14
15
16
Australia
Iran
Brazil
4,203
4,128
3,881
37
69
22
59
60
61
Serbia & Montenegro
Libya
Switzerland
519
518
497
-24
24
0
104
105
106
Latvia
Mongolia
Moldova
90
83
77
16
25
-12
149
150
151
Fiji
Djibouti
Mozambique
21
20
20
144

108
-4
194
195
196
Grenada
Lesotho
Chad
2.4
2.3
2.2
42
35
39
40,500
The key issues at Copenhagen 17
18
19
Spain
Ukraine
Saudi Arabia
3,740
3,722
3,663
41

70
3
62
63
64
Norway
Ireland
Azerbaijan
471
456
430
29
1

-7
107
108
109
Cameroon
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
74
70
69
-22
42
8 152
153
154
Suriname
Haiti
Togo
20
18
18 300
36
26
197
198
199
Cape Verde
Solomon Islands
St Vincent & Grenadines
2.1
2.1
1.9
151
28
49
Tonnes of carbon dioxide predicted
to be emitted by those delegates while
at the summit

1 2 3 4 5 6
20 Poland 3,308 -11 65 Slovakia 428 -8 110 IvoryCoast 69 31 155 Guyana 17 44 200 Nauru 1.9 14
Cut carbon in Curb carbon in Pay the price for Keep tabs on funds Slow the speed Clean technology 21 Indonesia 3,049 29 66 Qatar 426 76 111 Uruguay 68 43 156 Barbados 17 -4 201 Samoa 1.7 29
rich world developing world climate change and emissions of deforestation 22
23
24
25
Taiwan
Netherlands
Turkey
Thailand
2,909
2,850
2,313
2,194
47
9
51
40
67
68
69
70
New Zealand
Turkmenistan
Bangladesh
Morocco
410
387
375
370
16
173
92
43
112
113
114
115
Honduras
El Salvador
Brunei
Costa Rica
65
64
61
61
105
37
178
157
158
159
160
Uganda
Palestine
Guinea
Wake Island
16
16
15
14
84
637
13
-1
202
203
204
205
East Timor
Tonga
Saint Kitts & Nevis
Comoros
1.5
1.5
1.4
46
87
43
--
700,000
Cost in euros of replacing outdated brick
Scientists say cuts of 25-40% by 2020 Emissions from fast-growing All agree that the poorest nations Poorer nations want to continue About 17% of the carbon emitted by Paying for clean technology is just the 53 1.1
26 Kazakhstan 1,790 81 71 Puerto Rico 364 46 116 Ghana 61 82 161 Niger 13 12 206 Dominica 1.1 47 kilns in Bangladesh, paid for by Danish
are needed, relative to 1990 levels, economies such as China and India are need urgent aid, having done nothing Kyoto’s top-down approach, with human activity comes from razing start, as the products and services 27 Belgium 1,619 -1 72 Trinidad & Tobago 362 83 117 Gabon 55 -23 162 Swaziland 13 24 207 Sao Tome & Principe 1.0 40
government to offset those emissions
rising to 80-95% by 2050. Developed surging, yet their citizens have small to pollute the atmosphere. It will also clear responsibilities placed on rich forests. But paying people not to fell required must be developed and 28 Venezuela 1,589 27 73 Cuba 345 -25 118 Georgia 53 -6 163 Burkina Faso 12 18 208 Vanuatu 0.9 59
29 Argentina 1,544 27 74 Peru 310 28 119 Senegal 52 64 164 French Guiana 11 16 209 Montenegro 0.9 --
countries have grown rich on fossil carbon footprints and millions live in cost a lot to create the clean tech- countries. Developing nations also trees soon becomes complex... Who deployed rapidly and efficiently all
$62m+
30 Egypt 1,497 43 75 Oman 277 102 120 Gibraltar 47 41 165 Afghanistan 11 -42 210 St Pierre & Miquelon 0.8 46
fuels and still emit vast amounts of poverty. So they’ll argue they need to nology essential for slashing global want climate funds distributed by really owns them? Were they actually over the globe. But nations differ on 31 Malaysia 1,454 54 76 Ecuador 249 37 121 Bahamas 45 44 166 Sierra Leone 11 37 211 Virgin Islands, British 0.8 70
CO2 per person, so have a responsibil- be allowed to pollute for a while yet emissions. In both cases, rich nations the UN, whereas developed countries going to be chopped down? How do whether a strong international body is 32 United Arab Emirates 1,429 53 77 Bahrain 249 58 122 Nicaragua 45 61 167 Aruba 11 16 212 Montserrat 0.7 75
33 Singapore 1,307 54 78 Croatia 234 36 123 Botswana 44 40 168 Eritrea 9.4 -33 213 Cook Islands 0.7 58 Estimated cost to Danish government
ity to make deepest cuts. as they improve their citizens’ lives. will be expected to pick up the tab. would prefer the World Bank. you verify the whole process? needed, or just an advisory one. 34 Pakistan 1,240 44 79 Tunisia 124 Congo (Brazzaville) 51 169 Malawi 41 214 Falkland Islands 31
223 17 42 9.3 0.4 of staging the event
35 Uzbekistan 1,237 19 80 Estonia 200 16 125 Ethiopia 42 212 170 French Polynesia 8.9 48 215 Kiribati 0.3 84
36 Greece 1,124 18 81 Jordan 186 53 126 Tanzania 41 131 171 Seychelles 8.7 83 216 Saint Helena 0.1 132
Checklist of success
Rich nations commit to a Developing nations Richer nations commit to Deal done on who Agreement which Deal that delivers a
37
38
39
40
Romania
Czech Republic
Nigeria
Algeria
1,112
1,045
1,028
-15

12
3
82
83
84
85
Angola
Slovenia
Dominican Republic
185
184
181
71

54
3
127
128
129
Albania
Paraguay
Mauritius
40
39
39
138
29
73
71
172
173
174
175
Rwanda
Belize
Faroe Islands
Somalia
8.5
8.3
7.7
22
123
19
217
218
Turks & Caicos Islands
Niue
0.1
0.0 47
--
65%
Minimum proportion of food and
941 25 Bosnia & Herzegovina 170 97 130 Papua New Guinea 38 7.7 36 The data is the latest available compiled by the
combined reduction in commit to a 15–30% cut funding poorer ones, and monitors countries’ delivers cash to forested radical overhaul in 41 Iraq 883 37 86 Lebanon 169 -10 131 Equatorial Guinea 36 185 176 Maldives 7.0 157 Environment Information Administration, part of drink provided to delegates that
greenhouse gases of on the emissions levels clean technology, to tune carbon emissions and nations, meaning far the deployment of 42 Philippines 794 16 87 Yemen 166 81 132 Iceland 35 23 177 Mali 6.7 28 the US Department of Energy. Although newer
will be organic
43 Austria 781 13 88 Lithuania 164 8 133 Mauritania 34 -8 178 American Samoa 6.4 6 data is available from other sources, the EIA is the
25-40% by 2020. expected in 2020. of $200bn+ per year. distributes the money. fewer trees are cut down. clean technology. 44 North Korea 89 78 179 Greenland
769 4 Panama 148 16 134 Nepal 32 6.4 16 only credible source of carbon emissions for every
Chance of success: Middling Chance of success: Good Chance of success: Low Chance of success: Low Chance of success: Good Chance of success: Fair 45 Hong Kong 735 80 90 Virgin Islands, US 148 99 135 Malta 32 11 180 Bermuda 6.2 26 country in the world. DATA: SIMON ROGERS, GRAPHIC: PAUL SCRUTON