ADD. MATHS.

FORM 4: CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONS

1.1 Relation
1. Three ways to represent relations a relation
(a) arrowe ia!ra"
(#) orere $air%
&(a'1)' (#'()' ()'*) +
()) !ra$,%

-.e%tion 1 :
Diagram shows the relation between set P and set Q.
(a) Represent the above relation using
i. a set of ordered pairs
ii. a graph
(b) State the following:
i. Domain =
ii. odomain =
iii. Range =
iv. !b"e#t of $ =
v. %mage of & =
-.e%tion ( :
Diagram 1 shows the relation between set ' and set ( in the
graph form.
State
(a) the relation in the form of ordered pairs)
(b) the type of the relation)
(#) the range of the relation.
An%wer :
&.
(a) Domain = * a) b) #+
(b) odomain = *1) &) ,) - +
(#) !b"e#t of 1 = a
!b"e#t of & = b
!b"e#t of , = #
(d) %mage of a = 1
%mage of b = &
%mage of # = ,
(e) range = * 1) &) , +
,. .our type of relations:
(a) one / to / one relation
(b) one / to / many relation
(#) many / to / one relation
(d) many / to / many relation
Functions 1
,
&
0&
1
-
$
Set P
0, 1
1
2,
Set Q
-.e%tion * :
3iven set Set 4 = * 1) -) $ +and Set 5 = * 01) 6) 1) &) , +.
Represent the relation 7s8uare root of 7 from set 4 to set 5 by
using
(a) arrow diagram)
(b) ordered pairs)
(#) graphs
An%wer :

O.e%tion 4 :
3iven set 9 = *&) ,) 1 + and set : = * -) ;) <) 16 +. Represent
the relation 7is a fa#tor of 7 from set 9 to set : by using
(a) arrow diagram)
(b) ordered pairs)
(#) graphs
An%wer :
-.e%tion / :
9 relation from 4 into 5 is defined by the set of ordered pairs
* (1) -)) (1) ;)) (&) ;)) (,) =) +.
State
(a) the image of 1) An%:
(#) the ob"e#t of -) An%:
()) the domain) An%:
() the #odomain) An%:
(e) the range) An%:
(0) the type of relation An%:
-.e%tion 1 :
9 relation from 4 into 5 is defined by the set of ordered pairs
* (&) &)) (-) &)) (;) =) +.
State
(a) the image of -) An%:
(#) the ob"e#ts of &) An%:
()) the domain) An%:
() the #odomain) An%:
(e) the range) An%:
(0) the type of relation An%:

-.e%tion 2 :
The relation between set R and set S is defined by the graph.
State
8
Set S
Set R
7
6
5
4
3
2
(a) the image of , =
(b)the ob"e#t of - =
(# )the range =
-.e%tion 3 :
The relation between set R and set S is defined by the arrow
diagram.
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
-3
-2
-1
State
(a) the image of 01 =
(b) the ob"e#t of 0; =
(#) the range =
(d) the type of relation =
Functions &
4 = * 1) &) ,+
5 = *&) -) ;) =) 16+
4 = * &) -) ;+
5 = *&) ,) ;) =) 16+
(d) the type of relation =

(e) the domain =
-.e%tion 4 : State the type of the following relations
a)


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
b )
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
#)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
d)

>>>.. ..>>>>>>>>>>>
e)

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
f )

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
g) * ( , ) 1 ) ) ($ ) 1 ) ) (1& ) & ) ) (11 ) &) +.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
h) * (1&) &) ) (1&) ,)) (1;) &)) (11) ,) +
>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
(i) * (01) ,)) ( 01) 1)) (01) =)) ( 6) $)) ( 6) 11) +
>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
(") * (1) <)) (&) $)) (,) 16)) (-) 11)) (1) 1&) +
>>>>>>>>>>>>>..
Functions ,
-
1;
,;
x '
Type of number
,
&
-
$ 0,
x
x
&
x
&
&
x
-
;
x
,
&
-
0&
$
0,
&
$
4rime
0,
?ven
!dd

1 & , - 6
1
&
,
-
1

Set P
Set Q
1.( F.n)tion%
1.(.1 F.n)tion% A% a S$e)ial Relation
Determine whether the given relation is a fun#tion. 3ive a reason for you answer.
(a) (b)
(#) (d) *(1) 1)) (&) <)) (-) <)) (1) 11) +
(e) *(0&) ,)) (01) 6)) (6) 01)) (1) 6)) (&) ,) + (f) *(,) 0&)) (,) &)) (1) -) )(;) ;) +
(g) (h)
Functions -
.un#tions is a spe#ial relation in whi#h every ob"e#t in the domain has only one image in the domain.
!nly a one0to0one relation and a many0to0one relation are fun#tions
?@ample :
1.(.( E5$re%%in! F.n)tion U%in! F.n)tion Notation
?@press ea#h of the following fun#tions using fun#tion notation.
(a) (b) (#)
(d) (e) (f)
(g) * (6) 1)) (1) ,)) (&) 1)) (,)=)) (-) $)+ (h) (i)

1.(.* Deter"ine t,e o"ain' o#6e)t%' i"a!e% an ran!e o0 a 0.n)tion.
Determine the domain) ob"e#ts) images and range of ea#h following fun#tions.
(a)
domain=
ob"e#ts =
images =
range =
(b)

domain=
ob"e#ts =
images =
(#) * (,) &)) (1) &)) (=) &)) ($) -) +
domain=
ob"e#ts =
images =
range =
Functions 1
range =
1.(.4 Deter"ine t,e i"a!e o0 a 0.n)tion !i7en t,e o#6e)t an 7i)e 7er%a
1. 3iven that
1 & : x x f
) find the image of ,.
&. 3iven the fun#tion 1 1 & :
&
+ x x x f ) find the
image of 1.
,. 3iven the fun#tion
1 , : x x g
) find ) & ( g
-. 3iven the fun#tion & )
&
,
:

x
x
x
x f )
find ) 1 ( f .
1. 3iven the fun#tion
< : + x x g
) find the ob"e#t if the
image is &.
;. 3iven the fun#tion
x x f & 1 :
) find the ob"e#t if the
image is 011.
=. 3iven the fun#tion
& , : x x f
) find the value of x if
- ) ( = x f .
<. 3iven the fun#tion & )
&
1
:
+
+
x
x
x
x g ) find the
value of @ if - ) ( = x g .
$.
.ind the value of m.
16.
.ind the value of p.
Functions ;
11. The fun#tion f is defined by 1 , ) ( = x x f . %f
x x f = ) ( . .ind the value of x.
1&. The diagram shows the fun#tion that maps from set ' to
set (.
.ind the value of a and of b.
1,. The diagram shows the fun#tion
c mx x f + :
.
.ind
(a) the value of m and of #.
(b) the value of
) & ( f
1-. The fun#tion g is defined as
n mx x g + :
) where m
and n are #onstants. %f & ) , ( = g and ; ) 1 ( = g )find
(a) the value of m and of n)
(b) the ob"e#t that is mapped onto itself by the fun#tion g.
11. The fun#tion f is defined by k x
x
q px
x f

+
)
&
: )
where p and q are #onstants. %f = ) , ( = f and
, ) 1 ( = f ) find
(a) the value of k)
(b) the value of p and of q,
(c) the value of x su#h that ; ) ( = x f .
Functions =
g)
1.& .ABT%!B B!T9T%!BS
Botes:
(i) 9 fun#tion is usually represented using letters in its lower #ase : f , g , h >..
(ii) 3iven the fun#tion
1 & : + x x f
) we usually write it in the form f(5) = &5 C 1 before answering
any 8uestion.
1. 9 fun#tion f maps the elements from set
* ,) -) $)1;) &1+ P m = to set Q = * 0, 3, 8, 15,
! + as shown below in ordered pairs :
* ( , m ) 6)) (!, 3)) (", 8)) (1#, 15)) (5, !) +
(a) Drite down the fun#tion notation for f.
(b) State the value of m.
(#) State the #odomain.
&. %n Diagram 1) set P is the domain and set Q is the
#odomain of a relation.

(a) State the type of relation between set P and set Q
(b) Asing fun#tion notation) state the relation between set P
Functions <

1;
-

&

Set P Set Q
Diagram 1
&

and set Q.
,.
1.( FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF FUNCTIONS ;Ma%ter< E5er)i%e=
f (a) represent (a) the value of f(@) when @ = a .
(b) the image of f when the ob"e#t is a
E>AMP:E -UESTION
1. 3iven the fun#tion
1 & : + x x f
)
find (i) f (,) (ii) f (0-)
An%wer : 0(5) ? ( 5 @ 1
(i) f ( * ) = & (* ) C 1
= ; C 1
= =
(ii) f (A( ) = & (0&) C 1
= 0 - C 1
= 0,
1. 3iven the fun#tion
, & : + x x f
)
find (i) f (&) (ii) f (01)
An%wer : 0(5) ? ( 5 @ *
(i) f(*) = &( ) C ,
=
=
(ii) f(A1) = & ( ) C ,
=
=
&. 3iven the fun#tion , :
&
x x g ) find
(i) g(6) (ii) g(-)
An%wer : g (@) = @
&
0 ,
(i) g ( B ) = B
(
0 ,
= 6 0 ,
= 0 ,
(ii) g (4) = 4
&
0 ,
= 1; / ,
= 1,
&. 3iven the fun#tion 1 :
&
x x g ) find
(i) g(6) (ii) g(&)
An%wer : g (@) = @
&
0 1
(i) g ( B ) =
=
=
(ii) g (() =
=
=
,. 3iven the fun#tion
- ,
;
:

x
x h
)
,
-
x )
find h (&).
An%wer :
- ,
;
) (

=
x
x h
h ( ( ) =
- ) & ( ,
;

=
&
;
= ,
,. 3iven the fun#tion
, &
$
:

x
x h
)
&
,
x )
find h(,).
An%wer : = ) ( x h

h ( * ) =

1.( FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF FUNCTIONS ;Rein0or)e"ent E5er)i%e%=
-UESTION ANSCER
1. 3iven the fun#tion
1 , : + x x f
) find
(a) f (6)
(b) f (,)

1. 0 ( 5 ) ? *5 @ 1
(a) f ( 6 ) = , ( 6 ) C 1
=
Functions $
(#) f(0&)
(d) f(-)
(e) f(0,)
& . 3iven the fun#tion x x x g , :
&
) find

(a) g (6)
(b) g (&)
(#) g (-)
(d) g (0,)
(e) g (01)

&. g(@) = @
&
0 ,@
(a) g (6) =
,. 3iven the fun#tion
x
x h
- ,
;
:

) find


(a) h (6)
(b) h (1)
(#) h (
&
1
)
(d) h(0,)
(e) h (
-
1
)
1.* PROD:EM OF FUNCTIONS IN9O:9IN8 SIMP:E E-UATIONS. ;1=
Note : 5uestions on fun#tions usually involve solving linear E 8uadrati# e8uations.
E>AMP:E -UESTION
1. 3iven that
1 & : x x f
) find the value of @
if f(x) = 1.
An%wer : f (@) = & @ / 1
& @ / 1 = 1
& @ = ;
@ = ,
1. 3iven that
, - : x x f
) find the value of x if
f(x) = 1=.
An%wer : f (@) = - @ / ,
- @ / , = 1=
- @ =
@ =
&. 3iven that
, 1 : + x x f
) find the value of x &. 3iven that
= , : + x x f
) find the value of x if
Functions 16
if f(x) = 0=.
An%wer : f (@) = 1 @ C ,
1 @ C , = 0=
1 @ = 0 16
@ = 0 &
f(x) = -.
An%wer :
,. 3iven that
& : + x x g
) find the value of $
if g(y) = &y 0 ,
An%wer : g(@) = @ C &
g(y) = y C &
y C & = & y / ,
, C & = & y 0 y
y = 1
,. 3iven that
& , : x x g
) find the value of $ if
g(y) = &y C -.
An%wer :
-. 3iven that
, = : x x f
)
11 - : + x x g
)
find the value of p if f(p) = g(p).
An%wer : f(@) = =@ / ,) g(@) = -@ C 11
f(p) = =p / ,) g(p) = -p C 11
f(p) = g(p)
=p / , = -p C 11
,p = 1<
p = ;
-. 3iven that
16 & : x x f
)
& - : + x x g
)
find the value of @ if f(@) = g(@).
An%wer :
PROD:EMS OF FUNCTIONS IN9O:9IN8 SIMP:E E-UATIONS. ;(=
E>AMP:E -UESTION
1. 3iven that
16 & : x x f
)
= : x x g
)
find the value of @ if f(@) =
&
g(@)
An%: f(@) = &@ 0 16 ) g(@) = @ / =
&@ / 16 = 0 & (@ / =)
&@ 0 16 = 0 &@ C 1-
-@ = &-
@ = ;
1. 3iven
$ , : x x f
)
= : x x g
) find the
value of @ if f(@) = , g(@).
An%:
;. 3iven that
- , : + x x f
) find the values ;. 3iven that
< & : + x x f
) find the values of @ if
Functions 11
of @ if f (@) = @
&
.
An%: f(@) = ,@ C -
@
&
= ,@ C -
@
&
0 ,@ / - = 6
(@ C 1) (@ / -) = 6
@ = 01 or @ = -
f (@) = @
&
.
An%:
=. 3iven that ; , :
&
x x g ) find the values of
y if g (y) = ; .
An%: g(@) = ,@
&
/ ;
g(y) = ,y
&
0 ;
,y
&
0 ; = ;
,y
&
/ 1& = 6
(F,) : y
&
/ - = 6
(y C &) (y / &) = 6
y = 0& or y = &
=. 3iven that 1 & :
&
x x g ) find the values of y if
g (y) = -1 .
An%:
<. 3iven that ; , :
&
x x g ) find the values of
p if g (p) = =p.
An%: g(@) = ,@
&
/ ;
g(p) = ,p
&
0 ;
,p
&
0 ; = =p
,p
&
/ =p 0 ; = 6
(,pC&) (p / ,) = 6
p =
,
&
atau p = , .
<. 3iven that , & :
&
x x g ) find the values of p if
g($) ? A /$ .
An%:
PROD:EM OF FUNCTIONS IN9O:9IN8 SIMP:E E-UATIONS ;Rein0or)e"ent E5er)i%e%=
-UESTION ANSCER
1. 3iven the fun#tions
1 & : x x f
and

& : + x x g
) find
(a) the value of @ if f(@) = =
(b) the value of y if g(y) = &y 0 ,
(#) the value of p if f(p) = g(p)
(d) the value of @ if f(@) = / g(@)
1. f(@) = &@ / 1 ) g(@) = @ C &
(a) f(@) = =
&@ / 1 = =
&@ =
@ =
&. 3iven the fun#tions
- , : + x x f
and

x x g & :
) find
(a)
the value of p if f(p) = 01
(b)
the value of G if g(G) = ,G 0 -
(#)
the value of @ if & f(@) = g(@)
(d)
the values of y "iGa f(y) = y
&
&. f (@) = ) g(@) =
(a) f (p) = 01
,p C - = 01
Functions 1&
,. 3iven the fun#tion 1& , :
&
x x f )
(a) evaluate f

(0&).
(b) solve the e8uation f(@) = 6.
(#) find the values of p if f(p) = ,p C ;.
,. f (@) =
(a) f
&
(0&) = f f(0&)
= f( )
=
-. 3iven the fun#tions
&
: x x f and

x x g - 1& :
) find
(a) the image of , that is mapped by f .
(b) the values of @ if f(@) = @)
(#) the values of y if f(y) = g(y).
-. f (@) = ) g(@) =
1.4 FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS ;Ma%ter< E5er)i%e%=
Note% : To find the value of fg(a) given the fun#tions f and g) we #an first find fg(@) and then
substitute @ = a.
De #an also follow the ?'9H4I?S below.
E>AMP:E 1 :
3iven that
- , : x x f
and
x x g & :
)
find fg(,).
An%wer : f(@) = ,@ 0 - ) g(@) = &@
g(,) = &(,)
= ;
fg(,) = f J g(,) K
= f ( ;)
= , (;) 0 -
= 1-
E>AMP:E ( :
3iven that
x x f & , :
and
&
: x x g ) find
gf(-).
An%wer : f(@) = , / &@ ) g(@) = @
&
.
f(-) = , / &(-)
= , / <
= 0 1
gf(-) = g (01)
= (01)
&
= &1
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven that
1 & : + x x f
and
x x g , :
)
find f g(1) .
&. 3iven that
$ & : x x f
and
x x g , 1 : +
)
find gf(,).
Functions 1,
f(0&) = ,(0&)
&
/
1&
=
,. 3iven the fun#tions
, : + x x f
and

1 - : x x g
) find
(a) f g(1) (b) gf(1)
-. 3iven the fun#tions
= , : x x f
and

x x g & - :
) find
(a) f g(6) (b) gf(6)
FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS ;Rein0or)e"ent E5er)i%e%=
1. 3iven that
, & : + x x f
and
x x g - :
)
find fg(&) .
&. 3iven that
1 & : x x f
and
x x g 1 :
) find
gf(=) .
,. 3iven that
- : + x x f
and
1 & : x x g
)
find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1)
-. 3iven that
- , : + x x f
and
x x g & 1 :
)
find
(a) fg(6) (b) gf(6)
1 3iven the fun#tions 1 , :
&
x x f and

x x g & :
) find
(a) fg(01) (b) gf(01)
; 3iven that
x x f , :
and
&
& : x x g ) find
(a) fg(0&) (b) gf(0&)
Functions 1-
=. 3iven the fun#tions
& : + x x f
and

&
, & : x x x g + ) find
(a) fg(1) (b) gf(1)
<. 3iven the fun#tions
x x f & :
and

&
, - 1 : x x x g + ) find
(a) fg(01) (b) gf(01)
1./ FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
& &
) g f
Note% : f
&
(a) % ff (a) = f J f (a) K
E>AMP:E 1 :
3iven that
& , : x x f
) find f
&
(&).
9nswer : f(@) = ,@ 0 &
f(&) = ,(&) / & = -
f
&
(&) = f J f(&) K
= f ( -)
= , (-) / &
= 16
E>AMP:E ( :
3iven that
x x g - , :
) evaluate gg(1).
9nswer : g(@) = , / -@
g(1) = , / -(1) = A1
gg(1) = g Jg(1)K
= g ( 01)
= , / - (A1)
= , C -
= =
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven that
, & : + x x f
) find f
&
(&) . &. 3iven that
1 : x x g
) evaluate gg(,) .
,. 3iven that
1 & : x x g
) evaluate g
&
(,). -. 3iven that
- , : + x x f
) find ff(6) .
1. 3iven that
x x g 1 & :
) find g
&
(1). ;. 3iven that 1 , :
&
x x f ) find ff(1) .
=. 3iven that
x x g - :
) evaluate gg(0&). <. Diberi , - & :
&
+ x x x f . BilaiGan f

(6) .
Functions 11
1.1 DASIC E>ERCISES DEFORE FINDIN8 THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS ; 1 =
E>AMP:E 1 :
3iven
1 , : + x x f
)
f(@) = ,@ C 1
thus (a) f(&) = ,(&) C 1
= =
(b) f(a) = , a C 1
(#) f(p) = , p C 1
(d) f(&G) = , (&G) C 1 = ;G C 1
(e) f(&@) = , (&@) C 1 = ;@ C 1
(f) f(@
&
) = , @
&
C 1
E>AMP:E ( :
3iven
x x g - 1 :
) .
g(@) = 1 / -@
thus (a) g(&) = 1 / -(&) = 1 / < = 0,
(b) g(a) = 1 / -a
(#) g(p) = 1 / -p
(d) g(,G) = 1 / -(,G) = 1 / 1& G
(e) g(@
&
) = 1 / -@
&
(f) g (,C&@) = 1 / - (,C&@)
= 1 / 1& / <@
= 0 = / <@
Functions 1;
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven
, & : + x x f
)
0(5) ? (5 @ *
thus (a) f(() = &(&) C , =
(b) f(a) =
(#) f(p) =
(d) f(&G) =
(e) f(@
&
) =
(f) f(0@
&
) =
(g) f( 0 ,@) =
& 3iven
x x g - & :
.
!(5) ?

thus (a) g (&) =
(b) g(a) =
(#) g(s) =
(d) g(,@) =
(e) g(@
&
) =
(f) g (,C&@) =
(g) g(& / -@) =
DASIC E>ERCISES DEFORE FINDIN8 THE COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS ; ( =
1. 3iven
x x f & - :
)
0(5) ? 4 E (5
thus (a) f(*) = - / & (*) =
(b) f(0@) =
(#) f(&C@) =
(d) f(, 0@) =
(e) f(@
&
) =
(f) f(0@
&
C&) =
& 3iven
1 & : + x x g
.
!(5) ?

thus (a) g(01) =
(b) g(&@) =
(#) g(@0&) =
(d) g(0,@) =
(e) g(@
&
) =
(f) g (10&@) =
,. 3iven
x x f 1 :
) - 3iven ) & ( & : + x x g ) .
Functions 1=
f(@) =
thus (a) f(16) =
(b) f(,@) =
(#) f(& 0 @) =
(d) f(-C@) =
(e) f(&@0 ,) =
(f) f(@
&
) =
g(@) =
thus (a) g(01) =
(b) g(&@) =
(#) g(@01) =
(d) g(0@) =
(e) g(@
&
) =
(f) g (1C&@) =
1.2 FINDIN8 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
E>AMP:E 1 :
3iven that
- , : x x f
and
x x g & :
)
find fg(@).
An%wer : f(@) = ,@ 0 - ) g(@) = &@
fg(@) = f J g(@) K
= f ( &@)
= , (&@) 0 -
= ;@ / -
E>AMP:E ( :
3iven that
x x f & , :
and
&
: x x g ) find the
#omposite fun#tion gf.
9nswer: f(@) = , / &@ ) g(@) = @
&
.
gf(@) = gJf(@)K
= g (, / &@)
= (,0 &@)
&

= $ / 1&@ C -@
&
E>AMP:E * : E>AMP:E 4 :
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven that
, & : + x x f
and
x x g - :
)
find fg(@) .
&. 3iven that
1 & : x x f
and
x x g 1 :
) find
the #omposite fun#tion gf .
Functions 1<
,. 3iven the fun#tions
- : + x x f
and

1 & : x x g
) find
(a) fg(@) (b) gf(@)
-. 3iven that
- , : + x x f
and
x x g & 1 :
)
find
(b) f g (b) gf
REINFORCEMENT E>ERCISES FOR FINDIN8 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
1. 3iven the fun#tions & , : + x x f and

x x g & & :
) find
(a) fg(@) (b) gf(@)
&. 3iven that
x x f , :
and
&
& : x x g ) find
the #omposite fun#tions
(a) fg (b) gf
,. 3iven the fun#tions
- : + x x f
and

x x g , 1 :
) find
(a) fg(@) (b) gf(@)
-. 3iven that
x x f , :
and
, - : + x x g
)
find the #omposite fun#tions
(a) f g (b) gf
1. 3iven the fun#tions
& : + x x f
and

x x g & 1 : +
) find
(a) fg(@) (b) gf(@)
;. 3iven that
x x f 1 & :
and
&
1 : x x g + )
find the #omposite fun#tion gubahan
(a) fg (b) gf
Functions 1$
REINFORCEMENT E>ERCISES FOR FINDIN8 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS ; 0
(
an !
(
K
1. 3iven that & , : + x x f ) find f
&
(x).
f(@) = ,@ C &
f
&
(@) = f Jf(@)K
= f (,@ C &) or ,f(@) C &
= ,(,@C&) C &
=
&. 3iven that
x x f , :
) find the fun#tion f
&
.

,. 3iven that
x x g , 1 :
) find gg(x) -. 3iven that
, - : + x x g
) find the fun#tion
g
&
.
1. 3iven that
& : + x x f
) find ff(x) . ;. 3iven that
x x f 1 & :
) find the fun#tion f
&
.
=. 3iven that
x x f - , : +
) find f
&
(x). <. 3iven that
x x f 1 :
) find the fun#tion f
&
.

$. 3iven that x x g
&
1
: ) find g
&
(x). 16. 3iven that
&
&
:

x
x h ) find the fun#tion f
&
.

1.3 IN9ERSE FUNCTIONS
Note% : 1. St.ent% ".%t #e %Fill0.l in ),an!in! t,e %.#6e)t o0 a 0or".la G
(. I0 0 (5) ? <' t,en 0
E1
(<) ? 5 OR i0 0
E1
(5) ? <' t,en 0(<)?5
Functions &6
E>AMP:E 1. 3iven that f(@) = &@ / , ) find f
/1
(@).
H?TL!D 1
3iven f(@) = &@ / , )
then . &@ / , = y
@ =
&
, + $
f
/1
(y) =
&
, + $
f
/1
(@) =
&
, + x
H?TL!D &
3iven f(@) = &@ / ,
then &y / , = @
y =
&
, + x
f
/1
(@) =
&
, + x
Students are advised to master only one of the methods !
DRI::IN8 PRACTICES ON CHAN8IN8 SUDHECT OF A FORMU:A ; 1 =
1. %f y = ,@ / & ) then @ =
,@ / & = y
,@ = y C &
@ =
,
& + $
&. %f y = -@ / & ) then @ =
-@ / & = y
-@ =
@ =
,. %f y = , / ;@ ) then @ =

-. %f y = - / 1@ ) then @ =
1. %f y = , C 1@ ) then @ =

;. %f y = 16@ / - ) then @ =
DRI::IN8 PRACTICES ON CHAN8IN8 SUDHECT OF A FORMU:A ; ( =
1. %f y =
-
1 & x
) then @ =

-
1 & x
= y
&@ / 1 = -y
&@ =
@ =
&. %f y =
1
& , x
) then @ =

,. %f y = 1 C ;@ ) then @ =

-. %f y = - /
&
1
@ ) then @ =
Functions &1
1. %f y = ; C
&
,
@ ) then @ =
;. %f y = ;@ / $ ) then @ =
=. %f y =
& ,
1
x
) then @ =

<. %f y =
x -
&
) then @ =
$. %f y =
& -
1

+
x
x
) then @ =

16. %f y =
x
x
,
&
) then @ =
DETERMININ8 THE IN9ERSE FUNCTION FROM A FUNCTION OF THE TIPE
ONEATOAONE CORRESPONDENCE
E>AMP:E 1 :
3iven that f(@) = -@ / ; ) find f
/1
(@).
E>AMP:E ( :
3iven that f : x
x
x

+
&
1 &
) x &) find f
/1
(x).
An%wer :
-@ / ; = y
@ =
-
; + $
f
/1
(@) =
-
; + x
An%wer :

x
x

+
&
1 &
= $
$(& 0 x) = &x C 1
&$ / x$ = &x C 1
&$ / 1 = &x C x$
&$ / 1 = x(& C $)
x =
$
$
+

&
1 &

f
/1
( x ) =
&
1 &
+

x
x
) @ 0&.
Functions &&
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven that f : @ - C <@ ) find f
/1
.

&. 3iven that g : @ 16 / &@ ) find g
/1
.
,. 3iven that f : @ - / ,@ ) find f
/1
.


-. 3iven that g : @ 11 C ;@ ) find g
/1
.
MASTERI E>ERCISES ON FINDIN8 THE IN9ERSE OF A FUNCTION
1. 3iven that f : @ 16 / <@ ) find f
/1
.

&. 3iven that g : @ , /
&
1
@ ) find g
/1
.
,. 3iven that f : @ 1 C &@ ) find f
/1
.

-. 3iven that g : @ , / @ ) find g
/1
.
1. 3iven that f(@) =
-
1 & x
) find f
/1
(@).

;. 3iven that g(@) =
;
& , x
) find g
/1
(@).

=. 3iven that f : @ ;@ 0 11 ) find f
/1
.

<. 3iven that g : @ , /
-
,
@ ) find g
/1
.
Functions &,
$. 3iven that f(@) =
& -
&

+
x
x
) find f
/1
(@).

16. 3iven that g(@) =
x
x
-
&
) find g
/1
(@).
FINDIN8 THE 9A:UE OF 0
E1
(a) CHEN 8I9EN 0(5)
E5a"$le : 3iven that f : @ &@ C 1) find the value of f
/1
(=).
METHOD 1
J .inding f
/1
first K
METHOD (
J Dithout finding f
/1
(@) K
&@ C 1=y
@ =
&
1 $
f
/1
(@) =
&
1 x

f
/1
(=) =
&
1 =

= ,
f(@) = &@ C 1
&@ C 1 = =
&@ = ;
@ = ,
f
/1
(=) = ,
( If you are not asked to find f
1
( x ) but only want to have the value of f
1
( a ), then use Method 2 )
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven that f : @ @ C &) find the value of
f
/1
(,).
&. 3iven that g : @ = / @ ) find the value of
g
/1
(&).
,. 3iven that f : @ = / ,@ ) find the value of
f
/1
(01).
-. 3iven that g : @ 1 C &@ ) find the value of
g
/1
(1).
1. 3iven that f : @ ,@ 0&) find the value of
f
/1
(16).
;. 3iven that g : @ = / @ ) find the value of
g
/1
(&).
Functions &-
=. 3iven that f : @ - C ;@ ) find the value of
f
/1
(0&).
<. 3iven that g : @
&
1
/ @ ) find the value of
g
/1
(-).
$. 3iven that f : @
,
-
x
) find the value of
f
/1
( 01 ).
16. 3iven that g : @
x &
,
) find the value of
g
01
( 0 1).
Finin! t,e Ot,er Relate Co"$onent F.n)tion w,en !i7en a Co"$o%ite F.n)tion an One o0 it% Co"$onent F.n)tion
TIPE 1 ( Ea%ier T<$e )
3iven the fun#tions f and fg) find the fun#tion g.
!R
3iven the fun#tions g and gf) find the fun#tion f.
TIPE ( ( More C,allen!in! T<$e )
3iven the fun#tions f and gf ) find the fun#tion g .
!R
3iven the fun#tions g and fg ) find the fun#tion f .
E>AMP:E :
1. 3iven the fun#tions
, & : + x x f
and

1 ; : x x fg
) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer : f(@) = &@ C ,
fg(@) = ;@ / 1
.ind g(@) from fg(@) = ;@ / 1
f J!(5)K = ;@ / 1
& !(5) C , = ;@ / 1
& !(5) = ;@ / -
!(5) = ,@ 0 &

&. 3iven the fun#tions
1 & : x x f
and

&1 16 : x x f g
) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer : f(@) = &@ / 1
gf(@) = 16@ / &1
.ind g(@) from gf(@) = 16@ / &1
g J f(@) K = 16@ / &1
g ( &@ / 1) = 16@ / &1
let &@ / 1= y
@ =
&
1 + $

So : g(y) = 16 (
&
1 + $
) / &1
= 1y C &1 / &1
g(y) = 1y
g(@) = 1@
E>ERCISES
1. 3iven the fun#tions
& & : + x x f
and

x x fg ; - :
) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer :
&. 3iven the fun#tions
& & : + x x f
and

x x f g ; 1 :
) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer :
Functions &1
REINFORCEMENT E>ERCISES on 0inin! Co"$onent F.n)tion 0ro" Co"$o%ite F.n)tion
( TIPE 1 )
1. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ &@ / , and
fg : @ &@ C ,) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer :
&. 3iven the fun#tions g: @ @ C , and
gf : @ &@ ) find the fun#tion f .
9nswer :
,. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ ,@ C - and
fg : @ ;@ C 1) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer :
-. 3iven the fun#tions g : @ &@ 0 1 and
gf : @ ;@ C = ) find the fun#tion f .
9nswer :
1. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ & / @ and
fg : @ & / &@ ) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
;. 3iven the fun#tions p : @ &@ and
p8 : @ - / &@ ) find the fun#tion 8.
9nswer :
=. 3iven the fun#tions g : @ & C -@ and
gf : @ ; C -@
&
) find the fun#tion f .
9nswer :
<. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ &@ C = and
fg : @ = / -@ ) find the fun#tion g .
9nswer :
$. 3iven the fun#tions h : @ 1 / @ and
hg : @ 1 / ,@
&
) find the fun#tion g.
9nswer :
16. 3iven the fun#tions h : @ ,@ C 1 and
hf : @ = / $@
&
) find the fun#tion f .
9nswer :
REINFORCEMENT E>ERCISES on 0inin! Co"$onent F.n)tion 0ro" Co"$o%ite F.n)tion
( TIPE ( )
1. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ &@ 0 , and &. 3iven the fun#tions g: @ @ C , and
Functions &;
gf: @ &@ ) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
fg : @ &@ C , ) find the fun#tion f.
9nswer :
,. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ ,@ C - and
gf : @ ;@ C =) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
-. 3iven the fun#tions g : @ &@ 0 1 and
fg : @ ;@ C 1 ) find the fun#tion f.
9nswer :
1. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ & / @ and
gf : @ - / &@ ) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
;. 3iven the fun#tions g : @ &@ and
fg : @ & / &@ ) find the fun#tion f.
9nswer :
=. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ ,@ and
gf : @ 1 0 ,@ ) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
<. 3iven the fun#tions f : @ & C -@ and
gf : @ 1 C 1;@ C 1;@
&
) find the fun#tion g).
9nswer :
-UESTIONS DASED ON SPM FORMAT
1.
:ase on the information above) a relation from 4 into 5 is
defined by the set of ordered pairs
* (1) -)) (1) ;)) (&) ;)) (&) <) +.
State
(a) the images of 1) 9ns:
(b) the ob"e#t of -) 9ns:
(#) the domain) 9ns:
(d) the #odomain) 9ns:
&.
The above diagram shows the relation between set 9 and set :
State
(a) the images of b) 9ns:
(b) the ob"e#ts of p) 9ns:
(#) the domain) 9ns:
Functions &=
4 = * 1) &) ,+
5 = *&) -) ;) <) 16+
4 = * 1) &+
5 = *&) -) ;) <) 16+ aJ
#J
)J
J$
JK
Jr
J%
A D
(e) the range) 9ns:
(f) the type of relation 9ns:
(d) the #odomain) 9ns:
(e) the range) 9ns:
(f) the type of relation 9ns:
,. 3iven the fun#tions
1 & : + x x f
and
, :
&
x x g ) find
(a) f
/1
(1) )
(b) gf (@) .

-. 3iven the fun#tions
1 - : + x x g
and
, :
&
x x h ) find
(a) g
/1
(,) )
(b) hg (@) .

1. 3iven the fun#tion
x x f , & :
and
& :
&
+ x x x h ) find
(a) f
/1
(,) )
(b) hf (@) )
(#) f
&
(@) .
;. 3iven the fun#tions
1 & : + x x f
and

&
& : x x h ) find
(a) f
/1
( /1) )
(b) hf (@) )
(#) f h(@).
=. 3iven that
m x x f + - :
and
-
,
:
1
+

nx x f )
find the values of m and n.
J m = /, M n =
-
1
K
<. 3iven that
1 & : x x f
)
x x g - :
and

b ax x fg + :
) find the values of a and b .
J a = < M b = /1 K
$. 3iven that
, : + x x f
)
&
: bx a x g + and
1; ,; ; :
&
+ + x x x gf ) find the values of a and b .
16. 3iven that
x m x g , : +
and
,
-
& :
1

kx x g )
Functions &<
J a = & M b = ; K
find the values of m and G.
J G =
;
1
M m = - K
11. 3iven that g(@) = m@ C n and g
&
(@) = 1;@ / &1 )
find the values of m and n.
J m = - ) n = /1 M m = /- ) n =
,
&1
K
1&. 3iven the inverse fun#tion
&
, &
) (
1

=

x
x f ) find
(a) the value of f(-))
(b) the value of G if f
/1
(&G) = /G / , .
J (a)
&
11
M (b) G =
&
1
K
-UESTIONS DASED ON SPM FORMAT
1. (S4H 6;) 4&) 5&)
3iven the fun#tion : , & f x x and
: 1
1
x
g x + ) find
(a) f
&1
(x) ,
(b) f
& 1
g(x) ,
(c) h(x) su#h that hg(x) % x ' # .
&. 3iven the fun#tion : & 1 f x x and
: &
,
x
g x ) find
(a) f
&1
(x) ,
(b) f
& 1
g(x) ,
(c) h(x) su#h that hg(x) % #x & 3 .
Functions &$
(a)
&
,
x +
(b)
11
16
x +
(#) 10x & ! (a)
1
&
x +
(b)
1 1
; &
x
(#) 18x ' "
,. (S4H 6;) 41) 5&)
Diagram & shows the fun#tion :
m x
h x
x

)
6 x ) where m is a #onstant.
Diagram &
.ind the value of m.
m % !
-. Diagram , shows the fun#tion
,
:
&
p x
g x
x
+

)
& x ) where p is a #onstant.
Diagram ,
.ind the value of p.
p % !
Functions ,6
1
&

<
m x
x

x
h
=
,
&
p x
x
+