Problem statement: Many children die before age 5 in Ghana.

Examples for Business or

Organizational
Environment
Adapted Country
Situation Analysis
Critical Question
N
O
T
E
SWOT/PESTLEd analysis is a
very efective way for an
organization or business to
focus its activities into areas
where they are strong and
where the greatest
oortunities lie! The
fra"ewor# is designed to
hel the user focus on
strengths$ "ini"ize
wea#nesses$ and ta#e the
greatest ossible advantage
of oortunities! This
e%ercise invites you to adat
the SWOT/PESTLEd
analytical fra"ewor# to the
re&uire"ents of a country
situation analysis!
S What advantages do we
have' What do we do well'
What relevant resources do
we have access to' What do
other eole see as our
strengths'
()ocus* internal+
What current initiatives
are being i"le"ented
to reduce child
"ortality' What
relevant resources are
available that can aid
in reducing child
"ortality'
, N-.S /National -ealth .nsurance
Sche"e0 Progra" i"le"ented to
rovide universal health care
, Project Fives Alive! unleashes the innovative
potential of front-line health workers to develop, test,
and implement strategies to overcome systems
failures that lead to preventable deaths in children
less than five years of age (under-5) in Ghana.
- Child mortality in Ghana has dropped by ! per
cent, stimulated by investment in the e"pansion of
effective health care services that focus on the
country#s top childhood killers such as measles,
pneumonia, malaria, diarrhoea and malnutrition.
(http$%%www.unicef.org%wcaro%english%&'(C)*+in+Gh
ana+summary.pdf)
W What could we i"rove'
What do we do badly' What
should we avoid' 1re our
co"etitors doing any better
than we are' ()ocus*
internal+
What does the country
do badly that fails to
revent child "ortality'
Where are current
interventions failing to
reduce child "ortality'
1re there gas in the
country2s
, N-.S /universal health care lan0 fails to
ade&uately serve large ortions of
oulation
, few clinics/doctors in rural areas
, ower outages i"ede health facilities
fro" roviding ade&uate care /Nastaran
3oha""a$ Si"on )rasier 4niv0
, low rural usage of health care syste"
, 56 er cent of the country
understanding of the
scoe of the roble"'
1re other co"arable
countries better
addressing high child
"ortality rates'
re"ains in overty with inade&uate
access to health care$ nutrition$
education and rotection! Those who are
left behind are often the oorest and are
usually wo"en and children! )or
e%a"le$ only 57 er cent of the -.8,
ositive children who need antiretrovirals
actually receive the"$ in art as only 9:
er cent of the health facilities ofer -.8
and 1.;S services!
/htt*//www!unicef!org/wcaro/english/4N.
<E)=in=>hana=su""ary!df0
, .n >hana over ?7 er cent of under,@ve
"ortality is a result of neonatal "ortality!
/htt*//www!unicef!org/wcaro/english/4N.
<E)=in=>hana=su""ary!df0
O Where trends favor us'
4seful oortunities can
co"e fro" such things as
changes in technology and
"ar#ets on both a broad and
narrow scaleA changes in
govern"ent olicy related to
our @eldA changes in social
atterns$ oulation ro@les$
lifestyle trends!
()ocus* e%ternal+
What inBuential trends
favor a reduction in
deaths in children
under C' (changes in
health technology$
change in energy
sector$ olitical and
social econo"ic
changes$ lifestyle
trends$ etc+
, e%anding N-.S /National -ealth
.nsurance Sche"e0 coverage
, raid e%ansion of cell hone usage to
virtually co"lete coverage by 57:5
/htt*//as!who!int/gho/data/node!count
ry!country,>-10
T What obstacles do we face'
What is our co"etition
doing' 1re the re&uired
seci@cations for Dob
descritions$ roducts or
services changing' .s
changing technology
threatening our osition' ;o
we have bad debt or cash,
Bow roble"s' <ould any of
our wea#nesses seriously
threaten our business'
()ocus* e%ternal+
What are barriers to
reducing under C
"ortality' ;oes the
country2s econo"ic
situation threaten
eforts to address the
roble"' ;o
stiulations attached to
e%ternal funding inhibit
the country2s ability to
address the roble"'
,Stiulations* health care fees inhibit
ability to address the roble" /cause
decline in access to healthcare0
P -ow stable is the olitical What govern"ent
,<hild -ealth Policy and <hild -ealth
Strategy
environ"ent' Will
govern"ent olicy inBuence
laws that regulate or ta% our
business' What is the
govern"ent2s olicy on the
econo"y' .s the govern"ent
involved in trading
agree"ents such as E4$
N1)T1 or others'
olicies i"act
interventions targeting
under C "ortality' ;o
corrution and
neotis" create
barriers to reducing
under C "ortality'
,.nfant and Eoung <hild )eeding Strategy
,Prevention of 3other,to,<hild
Trans"ission /P3T<T0 olicy and strategy
,E%anded Progra""e on .""unization
/EP.0
,N-.S /National -ealth .nsurance
Sche"e0
E <hange in interest
rates/e%change ratesA rice
and wage inBationA change
in une"loy"entA trends in
>;P
-ow does the cost of
healthcare and
food/nutritional
sule"ents afect
under C "ortality'
, "ean er caita inco"e* FCG
, "edian er caita inco"e F?:
, avg er caita health e%enditure*
F:7C!H
, er caita govt e%enditure on health*
F?I!?
/htt*//as!who!int/gho/data/node!count
ry!country,>-10
, 57:5 >;P growth of I!:J /down fro"
:?!?J in 57::0$ econo"ic growth
outloo# is ositive
, N-.S /National -ealth .nsurance
Sche"e0 introduced in 5779A intended to
rovide universal health care$ but
bene@ts the rich disroortionately /G?J
covered as oosed to 5HJ of the
oorest0 , o%fa"!org
, li"ited availability of doctors/healthcare
in rural areas "eans added cost of long,
distance travel /internations!org0
, KThe services of the N-.S are tailored
towards the needs of >hanaians*
treat"ents for "alaria$ diarrhea$
resiratory diseases$ diabetes$
hyertension and other widesread
ail"ents are covered! Pre"iu"s are set
at Be%ible rates ranging fro" >-L I!5 to
>-L ?6!77 so as to "a#e the sche"e
available even to low,inco"e e"loyees
in the infor"al or self,e"loyed sector!
-owever$ there is a waiting eriod of si%
"onths after alication for the sche"e
for eole wor#ing in afore"entioned
sectors!M /internations!org0
S What religious beliefs "ight
inBuence de"and for our
roducts and services' -ow
What local ercetions
of intervention
strategies "ight
,.ndigenous ractice of "ar#ing children
to #ee trac# of high infant "ortality
,belief that still born children or children
who die young are Klaying tric#s on
"uch ti"e do consu"ers
have for leisure' What are
the roles of "en and wo"en
within society' -ow long is
the oulation living' Where
is wealth concentrated'
inBuence uta#e of
roducts$ services$ and
strategies targeting
under C "ortality'
What indigenous
ractices and beliefs
"ight inBuence uta#e
of interventions' What
can we learn fro"
indigenous ractices'
What are the roles of
"en and wo"en within
society' -ow long is
the oulation living'
Where is wealth
concentrated' To what
e%tent do eole have
a fatalistic view of
death that "ight afect
under C "ortality'
"othersM
, utilization of 1sante "idwives for
birthing to erfor" rituals /na"ing$etc0!
, rural wo"en less li#ely to use s#illed
birthing attendants
,belief in rayer over "edicine
,wo"en ta#e traditional child,rearing and
caregiving roles! Wo"en also assu"e
i"ortant social$ olitical and ritual roles!
Wo"en also heavily engaged in etty
trade! 3en ta#e on laborious agricultural
tas#s however wo"en also wor# on the
far"s!
,Life e%ectancy is GG years
,Wealth in concentrated "ostly in 1ccra
/Northern 1ccra "ost wealthy0 and in the
"aDor cities /incl Nu"asi0
T ;oes technology allow for
roducts and services to be
"ade "ore chealy and to
a better standard of &uality'
;o the technologies ofer
consu"ers and businesses
"ore innovative roducts
and services such as
.nternet ban#ing$ new
generation "obile
telehones' -ow is
distribution changed by new
technologies /including
boo#s via the .nternet$ Bight
tic#ets$ auctions$ e,"ail0'
;oes technology ofer
co"anies a new way to
co""unicate with
consu"ers or users of
services'
What technologies
e%ist that inBuence
under C "ortality' ;o
the technologies that
target under C
"ortality ofer
consu"ers and
businesses "ore
innovative roducts
and services' -ow is
the disse"ination of
health services O
infor"ation changed by
new technologies'
;oes technology ofer
healthcare roviders a
new way to
co""unicate with
bene@ciaries' ;oes the
country have
infrastructure to
suort new
technologies that
target under C
"ortality'
, #angaroo "other care
, water @ltration
, 3OTE<- /"obile technology for
co""unity health0 rogra" />ra"een0
L What new legislation is
ending that "ay inBuence
the way we do business'
What current laws
inBuence the rovision
of healthcare to under
C children' -ow do
these laws i"act
interventions intended
to address the
roble"'
,<hild -ealth Policy
htt*//www!ghanahealthservice!org/includ
es/uload/ublications/<hildJ57-ealth
J57Policy!df
,Preastfeeding Pro"otion Qegulations$
Legislative .nstru"ent :GGI
,Energy sector legislation
htt*//www!hoganlovells!co"/@les/Publica
tion/:C757?9f,Gc7f,?cc9,6:ef,
GC9GCd597b5?/Presentation/Publication1
ttach"ent/a7I:edcC,abcI,?Gbf,Ha:9,
Gae:f9GHdCCH/TheJ57PowerJ573ar#et
J57inJ57>hana!df
E -ow does growing concern
about air and water &uality
afect de"and for our
roducts' -ow does cli"ate
change afect our long,ter"
rosects for growth' -ow is
ublic oinion trending on
green issues' What are the
i"lications of the current
drought for future growth'
-ow does
environ"ental
degradation contribute
to the roble" of under
C "ortality' -ow do
water and sanitation
conditions afect under
C "ortality' -ow does
ublic oinion on
environ"ental
conditions i"act
under C "ortality'
, forestry/
woodcarving industry leading to raid
declines in biodiversity
, loss of forests has e%acerbated drought$
bush@res and erosion
/rainforests!"ongabay!co"0
, signi@cant increase in reorted cases of
"alaria fro" 577? to 57:5
/htt*//as!who!int/gho/data/node!count
ry!country,>-10A "ay be related to
environ"ental changes such as
deforestation and agricutural
intensi@cation
/htt*//www!who!int/globalchange/cli"ate
/su""ary/en/inde%C!ht"l0
; What are the fastest growing
de"ograhic grous' Which
de"ograhic seg"ents
could be new custo"ers for
our roducts' To which
de"ograhic seg"ents do
we currently aeal'
.n what oulations is
under C "ortality
higher/lower' -ow do
health care ractices
vary in diferent
de"ograhic grous'
-ow does access to
healthcare facilities
difer by de"ograhic'
Which de"ograhic
grous are not
currently targeted by
interventions'
,under C "ortality highest in rural areas*
577? study shows that although "aDority
of children /GIJ0 are born in rural areas$
wo"en in rural areas used s#illed birth
attendants 9 ti"es less that their urban
counterarts!
,577H study shows that there are 7!7H
hysicians for every :$777 ersons and !
H hosital beds er every :$777 ersons
in >hana!
PESTLEd factors* PoliticalA econo"icA socioculturalA technologicalA legal /regulatory0A
environ"entalA de"ograhic