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Derechos Reservados. Universidad Tec Milenio.
Ingls IX
Topic 1
Corporate culture, leaders
and managers
Ingls IX
D.R. UNIVERSIDAD TECMILENIO
Learning objectives
By the end of this module you will be able to:
Identify and use a wide range of business terms and
vocabulary.
Practice special skills to identify main ideas in business
contexts.
Show more fluency to express business ideas.
Ingls IX
Introduction
The business sector in todays society
is increasing rapidly, and with this
increase comes the need for
outstanding management strategies.
Management operates through various
functions, often classified as planning,
organizing, leading and controlling.
However, it is a known fact that
motivated and fulfilled employees are
more productive, consequently, there
are also three crucial aspects known
as, monitoring strategy, culture and
process that significantly influence
management.
Introduction
Corporate culture is the shared set of attitudes, beliefs,
and norms that is passed along among organizational
members. With a clearly defined culture, members of the
organization know what is expected of them and what to
expect from the organization. This gives rise to the
question:
Can anyone become a great leader or manager?
We will try to discover it in this topic.
Ingls IX
Identifying new vocabulary to analyze
supporting ideas
When you think of vocabulary, the first
thing that probably comes to your mind
is a long list of words, and the need to
look up their meaning in a dictionary
that later will be translated to be used in
a sentence. This type of strategy is one
of the least effective ways to study
vocabulary. Research has shown that
new terms should be contextualized,
that is, put them in a situation that
clearly shows what they mean by using
examples of students that are already
familiar with.
Identifying new vocabulary to analyze
supporting ideas
When learning new terms that are key to communicate
certain ideas, we also need to practice them in a
discussion that requires their use; paraphrasing the
definition of the new term helps to assure its correct use.
In turn, this will enable you to identify the meaning
behind a term.
It is important to establish a connection to the new term.
For example, you should not only express how you are
related to the term, but also why you are related to it.
Ingls IX
Scanning information to answer questions
Reading involves making sense of
a text at a word level, sentence
level and whole text level.
Sometimes you read quickly
through a text to get the general
idea. However, sometimes when
you already know what you are
looking for and you only need
specific information, such as dates
or names, or you need to answer
questions from a text.
Scanning information to answer questions
When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers
such as numbers, letters, and steps, or the words first,
second, or next.
Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a
different font size, style, or color.
Sometimes the author will put key ideas at the margins.
Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the
page seeking specific words and phrases.
Scanning is also used when you first find a resource to
determine whether it will answer your questions or not.
Ingls IX
Foretelling of an idea
A constructive debate has as
goal educating and being
educated on specific issues or
topics, this kind of debate helps
you develop skills to listen
others input while trying to
predict the information, and
simultaneously, prepare an
answer that would allow you to
reply.
Foretelling of an idea
With all this in mind, the following suggestions are offered
for effective debating:
Read the background information of the text.
Analyze the objective of your idea.
Distinguish between the non-important facts.
Talk in general, but give examples to prove your
statements.
Present your ideas in a clear and effective way.
Listen carefully to your opponents and analyze their
ideas.
Make sure that there is equal participation in the debate.
Ingls IX
Define relative clauses
We use relative clauses to give
additional information about something
or someone without starting another
sentence. By combining sentences with
a relative clause, you avoid repeating
certain words and the text becomes
more fluent.
Example:
A man is talking to Mr. Barns.
You want to know who he is and ask a
colleague whether he knows it. You
could say:
A man is talking to Mr. Barns. Do you
know the man?
You can put both pieces of information into one
sentence. Start with the most important thing: Who is
that man? And then, add the information that specifies
the man you are talking about:
Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Barns?
As you can see in the sentence, the WHO strictly
specifies the person you are interested in knowing about,
avoiding possible confusion. Without that that
information, your colleague could not tell who you are
referring to.
Ingls IX
Defining relative clauses (DRC) give detailed
information defining a general term or expression, and
they are not separated by commas.
As a matter of fact, your colleague does know the man.
And he replies:
Yes; that man, who wears a hat, is Mr. Abreau.
The answer of your colleague also includes WHO;
however, he is not providing information to be more
specific and avoid confusion since you both already
know what man you are referring to. In this case, WHO is
used to provide extra information.
Non-defining relative clauses (NDRC) give additional
information on something, but do not define it; they are
separated by commas.
Ingls IX
RELATIVE
PRONOUN
USE EXAMPLES
Who
Subject or object pronoun for
people
DRC I need authorization from my boss, who is the
manager in charge.
NDRC Mr. McKenzy, who works in Accounting, he
is already on vacation.
Which
animals and things
DRC Take these reports to the room which is right
across the lobby.
NDRC - The decrease in sales, which was not
expected, is impacting our profit.
Whose
Possession for people, animals,
and things
DRC There is a meeting for employees whose
badge is not activated.
NDRC - Mr. Dubay, whose proposal ranked #1, will
be promoted.
Whom
Object pronoun for people
(Mainly used in non-defining
relative clauses)
DRC He is the executive to whom you must
contact.
NDRC Managers, whom supervisors report to,
must present their findings to the board.
That
people, animals and things
(Used in defining relative
clauses)
DRC - The project that I manage is quite time
consuming.
Closing
Now you know the importance of corporate
culture and the impact it has in their employees.
Now you can identify the differences between
leaders and managers, what their abilities are
and what kind of characteristics they need to
succeed. You have come across new business
vocabulary to include in your speaking, as well
some reading techniques to increase
comprehension.
In the next topic you will understand the effect of good internal
communication in a company, some ways to communicate
effectively to your colleagues and the different types of messages
that we receive on a daily basis. Also, you will learn about key
phrases and summarizing the points in meetings, as well as identify
the differences between future simple and future simple continuous
tenses.
Ingls IX
Bibliography
Brook-Hart, G. (2007). Business Benchmark Advanced.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Author content:
Lic. Jessica Patricia Garza Macas
Academic coordinator:
Lic. Jessica Patricia Garza Macas
Universidad TECMilenio
Production and content editing:
Tecnologa Educativa
Universidad Virtual, ITESM
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