Equivalent Resistance Delta Wye Transformation

Experiment # 4




By
John Phillip L. Masagca
MEE31








Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory
1st Semester 2014 - 2015
Date Submitted: August 26, 2014



Abstract:
As future engineers, it is crucial that we are familiar with these measurements and we also must
know how to build, analyze and design systems containing electrical components. The purpose
of this experiment is to make us familiar in equivalent resistance delta wye transformation
. This experiment also makes us familiar in traditional Instruments and equipments such as the
DMM or the Digital Multimeter. Like other types of measurements, electrical measurements are
common measurements in the career of any type of engineer. Before we start we transformed the
circuit into a solvable circuit using the delta wye transformation.


Introduction:
In this lab, you will gain some experience using two basic electronic instruments: a DC power
supply, which produces an adjustable DC voltage, and a digital multimeter, which can measure
resistance and voltage. You will construct some simple & complex circuits using resistor module
and make measurements to check the validity of Ohms Law and Delta Wye Transformation.





Body:
Background:
In many instances circuits are composed of series and parallel arrangements of resistors
and loads. The procedure for solving such a circuit is to reduce the series strings and parallel
branches to their equivalent resistances. The process is continued until only the final equivalent
resistance remains. During this process the original circuit is reduced to an equivalent
circuit. Equivalent circuits are models of actual circuits and are used to simplify circuit analysis.

For certain types of circuits, the method described above would not suffice. The delta wye and
wye delta transformation technique must be used. The circuit configuration of the delta and
wye circuits is shown in Figure 3.1. The delta equivalent of the wye circuit is given by the
following equiations:
R12 = (R1R2+R2R3+R3R1)/R3
R23 = (R1R2+R2R3+R3R1)/R1
R31 = (R1R2+R2R3+R3R1)/R2
The wye equivalent of a delta network is given by the following equations:
R1 = R12R31/(R12+R23+R31)
R2 = R23R12/(R12+R23+R31)
R3 = R31R23/(R12+R23+R31)

Methods (Procedures):
1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3.2.
2. Record the circuit voltage and current in the data table under circuit 1.
3. Using the current and voltage, compute for the resistance of the circuit.
4. Disconnect the source and measure the total resistance of the circuit with the VOM
5. Using the indicated value of the resistors, calculate the total resistance.
6. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3.3. Repeat steps 2 to 5. Record these data in the
table under circuit 2.
Results:
DATA AND RESULTS
E I Rt = E/I Rt (VOM) Rt (calc)
Circuit 1 20V 8.83mA 2.2654k 2.3k 2.2654k
Circuit 2 20v 8.36mA 2.393k 2.4k 2.393k

Discussion:
These are the following results for table 1:
The voltage is 20V in table 1. We set up the resistor module and we get the Total Resistance
which is Rt and we get 2.3k. Using 2.3k we get the Total Current (I) which is 8.83mA. Using
what we got and using the formula V=IR we get the calculated Rt which is 2.2654k.

These are the following results for table 2:
Just like table 1, we set the voltage to be 20V as well. We figured out that the electric circuit is a
delta wye circuit. After getting the new electric circuit we set up the resistor module and we
found out that Total resistance (Rt) is 2.4k. After which we get the total current (I) to be
8.36mA. Using what we got and using the formula V=IR we get the calculated Rt which is
2.393k.

Answers to the Problems:
1. Define
a.) Circuit
- An electric circuit is a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source
flow. Electric current flows in a closed path called an electric circuit. The point where
those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons.
b.) Linear circuit
- A linear circuit is an electronic circuit in which, for a sinusoidal input voltage
of frequency f, any steady-state output of the circuit (the current through any component,
or the voltage between any two points) is also sinusoidal with frequency f. Note that the
output need not be in phase with the input.
c.) Nonlinear circuit
A circuit in which the current and voltage in any element that results from two sources of
energy acting together is not equal to the sum ofthe currents or voltages that result from e
ach of the sources acting alone.

d.) Bilateral circuit
It is a circuit that behaves the same way if it is connected in the opposite direction. The
term is typically used for components in electrical circuits. For example, a resistor
behaves the same way no matter if it's connected left-to-right to right-to-left. In contrast,
a diode is not a bilateral component, because it conducts current in one direction, and
does not conduct in the other.

e.) Electric Network
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as resistors,
inductors, capacitors, voltage sources, current sources and switches. An electrical circuit
is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the current.

2. A 40 ohms resistor is in series w/ 2 resistors A and B inparallel.The resistance of A is100
ohms. The entire series-parallel circuit is connected across a 120V supply. determine (a)
the resistance of the resistor B if the current drawn by this combination is 1.2 Ampere
and (b) the current in resistors A and B.
(a) Equivalent resistance = Re = R1+Ra*Rb/(Ra+Rb) = U/I ==>
40+100*Rb/(100+Rb)=120/1.2
40+100*Rb/(100+Rb)=100
100Rb/(100+Rb)=60
Rb/(100+Rb)=0.6
Rb=0.6*(100+Rb)
Rb=60+0.6*Rb
0.4*Rb=60
Rb=150 ohms
(b) Ia=Rb*I/(Ra+Rb)=150*1.2/(100+150)=0.72 A
Ib=I -Ia=1.2 -0.72=4.8 A
3. The resistance of A, B, C are 300, 600, 1200 ohms respectively. How these resistors should be
connected to get an equivalent resistance of (a) 1400 ohms (b) 700 ohms and (c) 840 ohms.
a.) 1400: 1200 in series with 300 and 600 in parallel
b.) 700: 300 in series with 1200 and 400 in parallel
c.) 840: 600 in series with 1200 and 300 in parallel
Conclusions:
In conclusion, engineers are viewed to be versatile and knowledgeable problem solvers who use
their knowledge in problem solving and application. Therefore, as future engineers we must
learn the fundamentals of every aspect and topic of every branch of engineering. In context to
this, engineering students must learn the fundamentals and basics elements of electrical systems.
This includes proper knowledge in measuring electrical properties and characteristics, basic
analysis of circuits and basic designs of circuits.

References:
1. http://www.engineersblogsite.com/delta-to-wye-and-wye-to-delta-conversion.html