Final Exam Math 2930 Spring 2009

show work, 14 problems, no calculators

1) (4 points) Write your name and section number at the top of this page.
2) (16 points) Let f(t) = sin

t
2

when |t| < , and f has period 2. Sketch

the graph of f on the interval [, 4] and work out the Fourier series of f.
[Do simplify any trig functions of multiples of .]
1
3) (10 points) A population p(t) [hundred crocodiles] is modeled by the
equation
dp
dt
= 1
p
2
9
. Sketch a slope eld (including negative values of p),
and decide from your sketch which of the two equilibrium solutions is stable.
4) (10 points) Here y(x, t) is a sum of traveling waves, y(x, t) = f(x +ct) +
g(x ct).
a) To achieve the boundary condition y(6, t) = 0 for all t, show that the
functions f and g must be related by g(s) = f(12 s) for every number s.
b) Give an example of an even function f of period 12. Using your f and
the result of part a), show that you automatically get the initial condition
y(x, 0) = 0.
2
5) (10 points) For the crocodiles in Problem 3, we dene a new function v(t)
by setting p(t) = 3 +
1
v(t)
. Show that v must be a solution to a linear rst
order equation and solve that to nd v.
3
6) (10 points) A mass m = 10 000 kg hangs at the end of a steel cable
and the weight stretches the cable 0.01 meter, like a spring. The weight is
mg [Newton] where g = 9.8. A motor running nearby also exerts a force
cos(t) + sin(t) which causes the weight to vibrate up and down a little.
As for most electric motors, is about 300. The displacement y(t) of the
load from equilibrium is described by
my

+ ky = cos(t) + sin(t)
Find the spring constant k [Newton/m] for the cable, work out at least one
solution to the dierential equation in the typical nonresonant case, and
explain why resonance does not occur.
4
7) (10 points) Solve 2y

+ 5y

+ 2y = 2e
5t
.
5
8) (10 points) Find all eigenvalues and a corresponding eigenfunction for
each, in the boundary value problem
2y

+ y = 0
y(0) = 0
y

(2) = 0
You may assume 0.
6
9) (10 points) A string vibrating in air friction is described by the problem
w
tt
+
1
10
w
t
=
1
75
w
xx
w(0, t) = 0
w(, t) = 0
Somebody wants to separate this problem using w(x, t) = X(x)T(t). De-
rive the ordinary dierential equations for X(x) and T(t), including what
happens to the boundary conditions. You are not asked to solve anything.
10) (10 points) Someone has worked out a recursion (n +2)
2
c
n+2
= c
n
for
coecients in a power series
y(x) = c
0
+ c
1
x + c
2
x
2
+ c
3
x
3
+
Find c
0
through c
5
for the case where y(0) = 0 and y

(0) = 1.
7
11) (10 points) A rectangular tank measures 2 meters east-west by 3 meters
north-south and contains water of depth x(t) meters, where t is measured in
seconds. One pump pours water in at the rate of 0.05 [m
3
/sec] and a second
variable pump draws water out at the rate of 0.07 + 0.02 cos(t) [m
3
/sec].
The variable pump has period 1 hour.
Set up a dierential equation for the water depth, including the correct value
of . Do not solve it.
12) (10 points) This problem concerns the Euler numerical method for the
crocodile equation of Problem 3, with stepsize h, and initial value p(0) = 0.
Leave h as a symbolic variable. Write out expressions for p
1
, p
2
, p
3
which
are the Euler approximations for p(h), p(2h), and p(3h). [Dont simplify p
3
.]
8
13) (10 points) Solve the equation
dy
dx
= (x + 3)
2
with the initial value y(0) = 2.
9
14) (10 points) Find a solution to the heat problem
u
t
=
1
200
u
xx
u(0, t) = 0
u(, t) = 0
u(x, 0) = 5 sin(x) +
1
3
sin(2x)
The solution to this problem might be on your formula sheet, so you must
Either: derive your solution by the separation of variables method,
Or: write out a clear verication that your solution does in fact satisfy all
the conditions.
10
short answers
2) The function is odd so the coecients a
n
= 0. It is discontinuous at . The coecients
b
n
=
(1)
n

1
1
2
+n
+
1
1
2
n

3) The slope eld should show a stable equilibrium at 3, with nearby solutions approaching
that, and unstable at 3.
4a) f(6 + ct) + g(6 ct) = 0 for all t gives you g(s) = f(12 s) if you set s = 6 ct.
And s is arbitrary since t is.
4b) y(x, t) = f(x+ct)f(12x+ct) by a), which you would write using the example you
gave or symbolically like this. Then y(x, 0) = f(x) f(12 x). But f(12 x) = f(x)
since f has period 12, and f(x) = f(x) since f is even. So y(x, 0) = 0.
5) p

= (3 +
1
v
)

= v
2
v

= 1
(3+
1
v
)
2
9
simplies to 9v

= 6v + 1. The solution for v is

v(t) =
1
6
+ c
1
e
2t
3
.
6) k =
mg
stretch
=
10 0009.8
.01
= 9.8 10
6
At most frequencies a solution by undetermined
coecients gives y(t) =
1
10
4

2
+10
6
g
(cos(t) + sin(t)). But resonance occurs if
2
=
k
m
= 9800 where that solution is no good. In our case 9800 is much less than 300
2
so no
resonance occurs.
7) y(t) = c
1
e

1
2
t
+ c
2
e
2t
+
2
27
e
5t
8) =
n
2
8
with y = sin(
nx
4
) when n = 1, 3, 5, ...
9) The boundary conditions fall on X: X(0) = 0 = X(). For the equation you have
XT

+
1
10
XT

=
1
75
X

T gives
T

+
1
10
T

T
=
X

75X
. The ODEs are X

= 75cX and T

+
1
10
T

= cT for some constant c.

10) y(x) = x
1
3
2
x
3
+
1
3
2
5
2
x
5

11) =
2
3600
, 6x

= 0.05 0.07 0.02 cos(t).

12) p

= 1
p
2
9
becomes
p
n+1
p
n
h
= 1
p
2
n
9
so you nd p
0
= 0, p
1
= p
0
+ h(1
0
9
) = h,
p
2
= h + h(1
h
2
9
) = 2h
h
3
9
, p
3
= p
2
+ h(1
p
2
2
9
).
13) You are given an explicit derivative of y. By integrating get y(x) = 2 +
(x+3)
3
3
3
3
.
14) I had something like this on my formula sheet: u(x, t) = 5e

1
200
t
sin(x) +
1
3
e

4
200
t
sin(2x)
So I have to verify it: u(0, t) = 5e

1
200
t
sin(0) +
1
3
e

4
200
t
sin(2 0) = 0 and u(, t) =
5e

1
200
t
sin() +
1
3
e

4
200
t
sin(2) = 0 and u
t
(x, t) =
1
200
e

1
200
t
sin(x) +
1
3
4
200
e

4
200
t
sin(2x)
and u
xx
(x, t) = 5e

1
200
t
(sin(x)) +
1
3
e

4
200
t
(2
2
sin(2x)) so u
t
=
1
200
u
xx
.
Have a great summer!
11