DR. T.

COLIN CAMPBELL
BELL II
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GEL MAI COMPLET STUDIU ASUPRA NUTRIIEI
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12r%i-23A TI4A
STUDIUL
CHINA
DR. T. COLIN CAMPBELL
T5OMAS M. CAMPBELL II
C+s+ de Edi%(r6 Ad*en%
R$. 27"ce+ 8 9::;
APRECIERI PENTRU STUDIUL C5INA
S%(di(" !+%e #i cnsider+% Gr+nd8Pri<8(" =n e!ide$i"/ie.>
8 Ne3 ?r@ Ti$es
T+%6 "($e+ din d$eni(" A%iin.ei n(%ri.iei se BiC(ie !e T. C"in C+$!Be"",
c+re es%e (n(" din %i%+nii +ces%(i d$eni(. Es%e (n+ din ce"e $+i i$!r%+n%e
c6r.i des!re n(%ri.ie c+re +( #s% scrise *red+%6 8 ci%ire+ ei *6 !+%e s+"*+
*i+.+.>
8 De+n O$is), dc%r =n $edicin6, #nd+%r(" Ai !reAedin%e"e Ins%i%(%("(i de
Cerce%+re =n Medicin+ Pre*en%i*+, !r#esr (ni*ersi%+r, Uni*ersi%+%e+
C+"i#rni+, S+n Dr+ncisc, +(%r +" "(cr6ri"r Dr. Dean Otnish's Program for
Revearsing Heari Disease Ai Love & Survrval
Scris6 c( c+nd+re, c(r+' Ai c"+ri%+%e Ai c( nes%i%+%e in%e"ec%(+"+ Ai
!r#(nCi$e, +ce+s%6 c+r%e c+!%i*+n%6 es%e des%in+%+ + #i (n+ din ce"e $+i
i$!r%+n%e c6r.i +"e deceni("(i. D+c6 *+ #i i$!"e$en%+%, S%(di(" C)in+ *+
in+(/(r+ n(6 er6 + s6n6%6.ii cn%+/i+se.>
E 5+ns Die)", dc%r in A%iin.e $edic+"e, $+A%er in s6n6%+%e !(B"ic+,
+Bs"*en% +" Ins%i%(%("(i de Medicin+ !rin S%i" de 2i+%+, +(%r de Bes%8se""ers
si in%e$eie%r +" !r/r+$("(i C5IP +" Bisericii Ad*en%is%e FCrn+ry 5e+r%
I$!r*e$en% Pr/r+$G
L(cr+re+ S%(di(" C)in+ + "(i C"in C+$!Be"" es%e c+r%e i$!r%+n%+ Ai
in%eres+n%6. =$!re(n6 c( #i(" s6( T$, e" c$en%e+C6 s%(dii c( !ri*ire "+ re"+.i+
din%re die%6 Ai B+"6. Cnc"(Cii"e s+"e "e/+%e de cnsecin.e"e !eric("+se +"e
!r%eine"r de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(n% ("(i%+re. L+ #e" de s(r!rinC6%+re + #s% Ai
di#ic("%+%e+ de + !reCen%+ reC("%+%e"e s+"e !(B"ic("(i. Es%e is%rie c+re %reB(ie
+sc("%+%6.>
8RBer% C. Ric)+rdsn, dc%r =n A%iin.e, "+(re+% +" Pre$i("(i NBe", !r#esr
de #iCic6 "+ c+%edr+ D.R. Ne3$+n Ai *ice!reAedin%e FCerce%+reG,
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i
S%(di(" C)in+ cns%i%(ie ce+ $+i cn*in/6%+re d*+d6 de !7n6 +c($ =n cee+
ce !ri*eA%e !re*enire+ B"ii de ini$6, + c+ncer("(i Ai + +"%r B"i
*es%ice !rin $i'"+ce die%e%ice. Es%e ce+ $+i B(n6 c+r%e +%7% !en%r( .6ri"e
deC*"%+%e ecn$ic, c7% Ai !en%r( ce"e ce %rec !rin%r8 %r+nCi.ie r+!id6 de
sc)i$B6ri ecn$ice Aides%i"de*i+.7.>
8 Junshi Chen, medic, doctor n !tiin"e, #rofesor senior n Cercet$re l$
Institutul #entru Nutri"ie !i Si%ur$n"& Aliment$r&, Centrul Chine' #entru
Controlul !i (revenire$ )olilor
C+r%e+ S%(di(" C)in+ es%e e<%r+rdin+r de (%i"6, s(!erB scris6 Ai e<%re$ de
i$!r%+n%6. L(cr+re+ Dr. C+$!Be"" es%e re*"(.in+r6 !rin i$!"ic+.ii"e ei Ai
senC+.in+"6 !rin c"+ri%+%e+ ei. A$ =n*6.+% $(".i$e de "(cr(ri din +ce+s%6 c+r%e
c(r+'+s6 Ai =n.e"e+!%6. D+c6 *re.i s6 $7nc+.i A(nc6 Ai (6 "+ $ic(" de'(n Ai +!i
s6 "(+.i $edic+$en%e c+re s6 sc+d6 c"es%er"(", es%e dre!%(" d($ne+*+s%r6.
D+r d+c6 *re.i s6 *6 +!6r+.i c( +de*6r+% s6n6%+%e+, ci%i.i S%(di(" C)in+ Ai #+ce.i8
c7% $+i re!edeH D+c6 *e.i d+ +%en.ie s#+%(ri"r din +ces% /)id i$!r%+n%, cr!("
d($ne+*+s%r6 *6 *+ $(".($i =n #iec+re Ci, %+%6 *i+%+ de +c($ =n+in%e.>
8 John *obins, $utor $l lucr&rilor Dietfor $ Ne+ Americ$ !i The ,ood
*evolution
S%(di(" C)in+ es%e +n+"iC+ #+r%e Bine dc($en%+%6 + +Ber+.ii"r +"i$en%+.iei,
s%i"("(i de *i+%6 Ai +"i$en%+.iei $derne Ai + reC"*6ri"r r+!ide, c+re +deseri
d(c "+ eAec. Lec.ii"e din C)in+ #er6 +r/($en%e cn*in/6%+re =n #+*+re+ (nei
die%e !e B+C6 de !"+n%e =n *edere+ !r$*6rii s6n6%6.ii Ai + red(cerii risc("(i
!en%r( B"i"e +B(nden.ei.>
8 Sushm$ ($lmer, doctor n !tiin"e, fost director e-ecutiv $l C$tedrei de
Aliment$"ie !i Nutri"ie $ Ac$demiei N$"ion$le de .tiin"e, SUA
T% cee+ ce !ri*eA%e e!ide$i+ de BeCi%+%e, s6n6%+%e+ ce"r +%inAi de e+ Ai
("(i%r(" i$!+c% sci+" Ai de $edi( +" die%ei *es%ice *+ !ri$i s"(.ii =n.e"e!%e Ai
!r+c%ice =n c+r%e+ "(i C+$!Be"", S%(di(" C)in+.>
8 *obert Coodl$nd, consilier !ef #e #robleme de mediu l$
)$nc$ /ondi$l$ 01234567718
S%(di(" C)in+ es%e !reCen%+re+ (n(i s%(di( de cerce%+re in+(/(r+" ce #er6
r6s!(ns(ri $("% c6(%+%e de c6%re $edici, +$eni de A%iin.+ Ai
ci%i%ri !rec(!+.i de s6n6%+%e. A*7nd "+ B+C6 in*es%i/+.ii $in(.i+se
des#6A(r+%e de8+ "(n/(" + $(".i +ni, +ces%+ sc+%e "+ i*e+"6 r6s!(ns(ri "+ ce"e
$+i i$!r%+n%e =n%reB6ri n(%ri.in+"e +"e %i$!("(i ns%r(I Ce !rd(ce c+ncer("
=n re+"i%+%e? C($ !(%e$ %r6i $+i $("%? Ce *+ !ri e!ide$i+ de BeCi%+%e?
S%(di(" C)in+ se dis!ense+C6 re!ede Ai (Ar de die%e"e "+ $d6, BiC(ind(8se !e
+r/($en%e s"ide Ai cn*in/6%+re. Scris c( c"+ri%+%e Ai #r($(se.e de
+(%ri%+%e din ce"e $+i res!ec%+%e =n n(%ri.ie, S%(di(" C)in+ re!reCin%6 (n
i$!r%+n% !(nc% de c%i%(r6 =n =n.e"e/ere+ s6n6%6.ii.>
8 Ne$l )$rn$rd, medic, #re!edinte $l Comitetului /edicilor
#entru o S&n&t$te *es#ons$bil&
S%(di(" C)in+ cns%i%(ie +de*6r+%6 =nc7n%+re. =n%r8(n %7rCi(, (n s+*+n% c(
ren($e $ndi+" =n n(%ri.ie + e<!"ic+% +de*6r(" c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai
s6n6%+%e =n%r8(n $d c+re !+%e #i =n.e"es c( (A(rin.6 de ricine 8 (n +de*6r
(i$i%r !e c+re %+%6 "($e+ %reB(ie s78J c(n+sc6. In +ces% *"($ s(!erB, Dr.
C+$!Be"" =$!re(n6 c( #i(" s6( T$, + "6s+% s6 c(r/6, !ic6%(r6 c( !ic6%(r6, din
=n.e"e!ci(ne+ s%r6"(ci%+rei s+"e c+riere. D+c6 si$.i c6 eA%i =n cn#(Cie c(
!ri*ire "+ ce" $+i s6n6%s $d de *i+.6 !en%r( %ine Ai #+$i"i+ %+, =n S%(di("
C)in+ *ei desc!eri s"(.ii !re.i+se. N( "e r+%+H>
8 Dou%l$s J9 Lisle, doctor n !tiin"e, !i Al$n :oldh$mer, medic chiro#r$ctic,
$utori $i lucr&rii; Tlie (le$sure Tr$#; /$sterin% the Hidden ,orce Th$t
Undermines He$lth $nd ll$##iness
A%7% de $("%e c6r.i de s6n6%+%e cn.in s#+%(ri cn%r+dic%rii, =ns6
" l i '
$+'ri%+%e+ +( (n "(cr( =n c$(n 8 !"+n(" de + *inde ce*+. Sin/(r(" !"+n +" Dr.
C+$!Be"" Ai +" #i("(i s6( T$ es%e +de*6r(". C+ dis%ins !r#esr +" Uni*ersi%6.ii
Crne"i, Dr. C+$!Be"" es%e (n Eins%ein =n n(%ri.ie. S%(di(" C)in+ se B+Ce+C6 !e
cerce%6ri A%iin.i#ice +Bs"(%e, n( !e s!ec("+.ii de %i! Kne, A%@ins, S(/+rB(s%ers
Ai +"%e $de +c%(+"e. Dr. C+$!Be"" ne e<!(ne =n%re+/+ s+ +c%i*i%+%e de cerce%+re
=n%r8 $+nier6 +ccesiBi"+, c+!%i*+n%+. Ci%i.i +ce+s%6 c+r%e Ai *e.i A%i de ce.>
E,e## Ne"sn, !reAedin%e 2e/S(rce.c$
C+r%e+ "(i C"in C+$!Be"", S%(di(" C)in+ es%e re"+%+re e$.in+n%+ Ai
!r#(nd6 + B6%6"iei 8 c+re =nc6 se d(ce 8 !en%r( + =n.e"e/e Ai e<!"ic+
cne<i(ne+ *i%+"6 =n%re s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6 Ai cee+ ce $7nc6$. Dr. C+$!Be""
c(n+A%e +ces% s(Biec% din in%erirI + #6c(% !inier+% =n in*es%i/+re+ re"+.iei
din%re die%6 Ai c+ncer =nc6 din Ci"e"e de =nce!(% +"e S%(di("(i C)in+, r+!r%("(i
NAS, Die%6, N(%ri.ie Ai C+ncer, Ai r+!r%("(i /r(!("(i de "(cr( de e<!er.i
AICR, A"i$en%e, N(%ri.ie Ai Pre*enire+ C+ncer("(iI O Pers!ec%i*6 G"B+"6.
Prin (r$+re e" es%e /+%+ + "6$(ri rice +s!ec% +" +ces%ei c)es%i(ni. As%6Ci
Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n !en%r( S%(diere+ C+ncer("(i s(s.ine die%6 !red$in+n%
*e/e%+ri+n7 !en%r( + red(ce risc(" de c+ncer d+%ri%6 +c%i*i%6.ii e<%r+rdin+re !e
c+re Dr. C+$!Be"" Ai d+r =nc6 +".i c7.i*+ *iCin+ri +( =nce!(%8 c( d(6Ceci Ai
cinci de +ni =n (r$6.>
E /$ril<n :entr<, #re!edintele Institutului Americ$n
#entru Studiere$ C$ncerului
S%(di(" C)in+ #er6 in#r$+.ii decisi*e =n d$eni(" n(%ri.iei, ce !% s+"*+
*i+.+ #iec6r(i dri%r de s6n6%+%e din A$eric+. T%(Ai es%e $+i $("% de +%7%I
deC*6"(iri"e !e c+re "e #+ce Dr. C+$!Be"" !ri*ind cerce%+re+ Ai sis%e$(" $edic+"
#+c din +ce+s%6 c+r%e "ec%(r6 #+scin+n%+, (n+ c+re ne8+r !(%e+ sc)i$B+ *ii%r("
%(%(rr. T.i cei ce se c(!6 de s6n6%+%e =n "($e, c+dre $edic+"e Ai cerce%6%ri
%reB(ie s6 ci%e+sc6.>
8 Joel ,uhrm$n, medic, $utor =$t to Live
D+c6 dreA%i s68.i =$B(n6%6.eA%i s6n6%+%e+, !er#r$+n.e"e Ai s(cces(", ci%eA%e
de =nd+%6 S%(di(" C)in+. =n s#7rAi% +*e$ rec$+nd6ri A%iin.i#ice +(%riC+%e c(
!ri*ire "+ c7% de $("%e !r%eine +*e$ ne*ie Ai de (nde s6 "e "(6$. I$!+c%("
+ces%r desc!eriri es%e (ri+A.>
>John Allen /ollenh$uer, fond$tor /<Tr$iner9com
STUDIUL
CHINA
Ce" $+i c$!"e% s%(di( +s(!r+ n(%ri.iei
re+"iC+% *red+%6, +*7nd i$!"ic+.ii e<%r+rdin+re
+s(!r+ die%ei, !ierderii =n /re(%+%e Ai
s6n6%6.ii !e %er$en "(n/.
DR. T. COLIN CAMPBELL
T5OMAS M. CAMPBELL II
C+s+ de Edi%(r6 Ad*en% R$.
27"ce+ 8 9::;
Nici in#r$+.ie din +ce+s%6 c+r%e n( *+ %reB(i !ri*i%6 c+ (n s(Bs%i%(en% +" cns("%+.iei $edic+"e.
De +se$ene+, nici sc)i$B+re =n die%6, e<erci.ii s+( s%i" de *i+%6 n( *+ #i #6c(%6 #6r6 cns("%+re +
$edic("(i !ersn+", =n s!eci+" d+c6 es%e =n c(rs (n %r+%+$en% =$!%ri*+
red(cerii risc("(i de B+"6 de ini$6, %ensi(ne +r%eri+"6 s+( *re #r$6 de di+Be% "+ +d(".i.
Titlul c&r"ii n ori%in$l; The Chin$ Srud<
8 the most comprehensive study ofnutrition euer conducted and
the startling implications for diet, eight loss, and long!term health
" 677? b< T9 Colin C$m#bell, (h9D9 $nd Thom$s /9 C$m#bell II9
AII ri/"i%s reser*ed. Pri$+ edi.ieI i+n(+rie 9::L,
BenBe""+ B@s, D+""+s, Te<+s
Edi.i+ =n "i$B+ r$7n6 + #s% re+"iC+%6 c( +crd(" Sus$n
Schulm$n, A Liter$r< A%enc<, Ne+ @orA, USA9
B 677C D C$s$ de =ditur& Advent, *m9 EFlce$, *omFni$9
T+%e dre!%(ri"e reCer*+%e. Pri$+ edi.ieI +!ri"ie 9::;, C+s+
de Edi%(r6 Ad*en%.
Descriere$ CI( $ )ibliotecii N$"ion$le $ *omFniei CA/()=LL, CGLIN T9
Studiul Chin$ ; cel m$i cu#rin'&tor studiu $su#ri nutri"iei / T9 Colin C$m#bell,
Thom$s /9 C$m#bell II9 5*Fmnicu5EFlce$; C$s$ de =ditur& Advent, 6773
)iblio%r9
Inde-
IS)N 234523H54473H5H5? I9 C$m#bell, Thom$s /9
C169H
*ed$ctor; Dr. P+(" Cs%+c)e
Tr$ducere; E"en+ Pridie
=ditor C$s$ de =ditur& Advent
,oto co#ert&; M A"e<$+< N Dre+$s%i$e.c$
:r$fic& !i tehnored$ct$re; SC Ad*en% SRL, R$. 27"ce+
Ti#$r; SC D+csi$i" C$ser* SRL, P"ieA%
Distribu"ie !i comen'i;
C+s+ de Edi%(r6 Ad*en%, CP O, OP L, R$. 27"ce+, R$7ni+ In%erne%I
333.+d*en%. r/.r N E$+i"I +d*en%.r/F/G)%$+i".c$ Te"e#nI :;PO JL; L::, :;PP POJ 9JL,
:QL: P:R P9L
CUPRINS
(ref$"$ edi"iei n limb$ romFn&......................................................<iii
3 3
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3
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3
CuvFnt n$inte999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999<<i
Introducere999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
(A*T=A I;
Studiul Chin$.....................................................................................11
C+!i%"(" J 8 PrB"e$e =n%7$!in+%e, s"(.ii neces+re...........................JQ
C+!i%"(" 9 8 Un %e$!"( +" !r%eine"r.................................................9O
C+!i%"(" Q 8 S%!+re+ c+ncer("(i........................................................PL
C+!i%"(" P 8 Lec.ii din C)in+..............................................................;Q
(A*T=A A II5A;
)olile $bunden"ei/bo%&"iei..............................................................JJL
C+!i%"(" L 8 Ini$i CdrBi%e...............................................................JJ;
C+!i%"(" S E OBeCi%+%e+..................................................................JPQ
C+!i%"(" ; E Di+Be%("....................................................................JLL
C+!i%"(" R 8 C+ncere #rec*en% =n%7"ni%e.............................................JS;
C+!i%"(" O 8 B"i +(%i$(ne............................................................JO;
C+!i%"(" J: 8 E#ec%e c( s!ec%r( "+r/................................................9J;
(A*T=A A III5A;
:hidul $liment$"iei corecte............................................................9Q;
C+!i%"(" JJ 8 A"i$en%+.i+ crec%6....................................................9PJ
C+!i%"(" J9 8 C($ s6 $7nc6$........................................................9LO
(A*T=A A E5A;
De ce nu $"i m$i $u'it $!$ cev$ #Fn& $cumI...............................9SO
C+!i%"(" JQ 8 P+r%e+ =n%(nec+s6 + A%iin.ei......................................9;J
C+!i%"(" JP 8 Red(c.inis$(" A%iin.i#ic..........................................9RO
C+!i%"(" JL 8 >T%iin.+> ind(s%riei....................................................QJQ
C+!i%"(" JS 8 G(*ern("I =n s"('B+ !!r("(i?...............................Q9O
C+!i%"(" J; 8 S6n6%+%e+ c(i e !r%e'+%6 !rin $+re+
$edicin6?.....................................................................................QPL
C+!i%"(" JR 8 Is%rii c+re se re!e%6...............................................QS;
ANEUA AI
=n%reB6ri Ai r6s!(ns(ri....................................................................Q;;
ANEUA BI
Priec%(" e<!eri$en%+" S%(di("
C)in+............................................................................................Q;O
ANEUA CI
Di"ier+ >*i%+$inei> D....................................................................QR;
Re#erin.e......................................................................................QO;
Inde<
(*=,AJA =DIJI=I KN
LI/)A *G/ANL
PrB"e$e"e de s6n6%+%e +"e $enirii s(n% Ai de*in =n #iec+re Ci %%
$+i c!"eAi%+re. E<%indere+ /+"!+n%6 + +A+8Cise"r B"i crnice
de/ener+%i*e FB"i c+rdi8*+sc("+re, c+ncer, BeCi%+%e, di+Be%, B"i
+(%i$(ne, B"i ne(r8!si)ice, B"i +"e +!+r+%("(i "c$%r, e%c.G
=n/ri're+C6 !e %+%6 "($e+.
Sis%e$(" $edic+" es%e !(r Ai si$!"( c!"eAi%. D6r6 =ndi+"6 c6 =n
!+%/eneC+ +ces%r B"i n(%ri.i+ +re (n c(*7n% /re( de s!(s, n($+i c6,
+ces% c+!i%" +" e<!erien.ei ($+ne se +#"6 "+ in%ersec.i+ $("%r c6i Ai =n
B6%+i+ $("%r *7n%(ri.
Tr+di.i+ c("in+r6, Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re +"e #iec6r(i !!r Ai
indi*id, cre"+re+ +ces%r+ c( e*eni$en%e sci+"e $("%i!"e Fs6rB6%ri,
e<!erien.e Ai e*eni$en%e de /r(! din%re ce"e $+i di*erseG, s%r(c%(r+re+
(nr !"6ceri /(s%+%i*e de%er$in+%e (neri de in%ensi%+%e+ #en$en("(i
de de!enden.6 Ai e<!"+%+re+ +ces%r+ de =n%re+/6 ind(s%rie, +dese+
r/+niC+%6 =n /i/+n.i #in+nci+ri, c+re +'(n/ s6 $+ni!("eCe !rin
!"i%ici"e de $+r@e%in/ /r(!(ri enr$e !!("+.in+"e, deseri "+ sc+r6
!"+ne%+r6, %+%e +ces%e+ s(n% d+r c7%e*+ din $%i*e"e !en%r( c+re
d$eni(" n(%ri.iei s6n6%+se !+re +dese+ (n(" di#ici".
Ti n( =n ("%i$(" r7nd, sis%e$(" $edic+" es%e +dese+
necn*in/6%r, cn#(C, $+ni!("+%, i+r !en%r( c6 d$eni(" $ir+se
!(%ernic + B+ni, nici A+r"+%+ni+ n( se d6 =n+!i s6 se =n#r(!%e de "+
+ce+s%6 $+s6 c!i+s6.
C( %+%e +ces%e+, e<is%6 (n se/$en% +" cerce%6rii $edic+"e c+re,
=n $d Biec%i*, c( d*eCi A%iin.i#ice !er%inen%e, de#ineA%e din ce =n ce
$+i c"+r r"(" Ai "c(" n(%ri.iei c+ +c% $edic+", +%7% =n !6s%r+re+
s6n6%6.ii, c7% Ai =n rec(!er+re+ din s%+re+ de B+"6.
S%(di(" C)in+ es%e reC("%+%(" cerce%6ri"r de *i+.6 #6c(%e de
(n(" din%re $+rii n(%ri.iniA%i +i "($ii cn%e$!r+ne. A(%ri%+%e+ Ai
nes%i%+%e+ "(i C"in C+$!Be"" %e
c(ceresc c)i+r de "+ =nce!(%. Pe de !+r%e r+di/r+#i+ #en$en("(i
n(%ri.in+" =n scie%+%e+ +$eric+n6 +c%(+"6 c( decns!ir+re+ 'c("(i
de c("ise, !e de +"%6 !+r%e de$ers(" +Bs"(% cn*in/6%r !en%r(
de#inire+ %i!("(i de +"i$en%+.ie s6n6%+s6, c( i$!+c%(" ei $+'r =n
$en.inere+ Ai re#+cere+ s6n6%6.ii, %e re.in Ai %e +%r+/ de "+ !ri$+ Ai
!7n6 "+ ("%i$+ !+/in6 + c6r.ii. D+!%(" c6, =n !"(s, c+r%e+ +re =n s!+%e
BiB"i/r+#ie cnsis%en%6 de !ri$6 $7n6, d6 si/(r+n.6 Ai crediBi"i%+%e.
N( es%e *ce sin/("+r6, ci e<!nen%(" (n(i n( %rend =n de#inire+
n(%ri.iei s6n6%+se.
Ci%ind +ce+s%6 c+r%e, r6$7i (i$i% c7%6 B+"6 Ai s(#erin.6, !e de
!+r%e, Ai c7%6 s%+re de s6n6%+%e, !e de +"%6 !+r%e, !% e<is%+ =n
e<%re$i%+%e+ dis%+"6 + ce"r d(6 ins%r($en%eI "in/(r+ Ai #(rc("i.+. De
+se$ene+, r6$7i (i$i% c7%e #r.e s(n% in%eres+%e s68.i $+ni!("eCe
+ces%e d(6 ins%r($en%e c+re, !e "7n/6 B+"6 s+( s6n6%+%e, !ere+C6
c( s($e enr$e din #in+n.e"e "($ii. Ti, n( =n ("%i$(" r7nd, c($
+ces%e d(6 ins%r($en%e $de"e+C6 +er(", +!+, c!+cii, #"ri"e,
c7$!ii"e, $(n.ii Ai r+Ce"e s+re"(i de !e +ce+s%6 !"+ne%6, c($ !% s6
=$B6.r7nesc6 s+(, din cn%r6, s6 =n%inere+sc6.
=n.e"e/e$, ci%ind +ce+s%6 c+r%e, de ce es%e +%7% de i$!r%+n%
c($ #"si$ +ces%e d(6 ins%r($en%eI "in/(r+ Ai #(rc("i.+.
Dr. P+(" Cs%+c)e, $edic !ri$+r,
in%ern6 Cen%r(" Medic+"
Medin*es%, B(C6(
MULUMIRI
L+ +ce+s%6 c+r%e, de "+ cnce!.i+ s+ ri/in+"6 Ai !7n6 "+ #r$+
#in+"6, s8+ "(cr+% %i$! de $(".i +ni. =ns6 d+r ("%i$ii %rei +( #6c(% c+
$+%eri+"(" s6 +!+r6 =n #r$6 de c+r%e. Ti +ces% "(cr( s8+ !e%rec(%
$(".($i%6 "(i V+ren, dr+/s%e+ $e+ de8 *i+.6 Ai s.i+ $e+ de
!+%r(Ceci Ai %rei de +ni. E( +$ dri% +ces% "(cr(, d+r e+ + dri% Ai $+i
$("%. E+ + s!(s c6 +ces% "(cr( %reB(ie #6c(% !en%r( c!iii din "($e.
Ne8+ d+% %7rc+"e, ne8+ +de$eni%, ne8+ s%i$("+%, + insis%+% s6 $(nci$
!e r(!%e. A ci%i% #iec+re c(*7n%, +%7% c(*in%e"e ce +( r6$+s c7% Ai ce"e
ce +( #s% =nde!6r%+%e 8 !e (ne"e de c7%e*+ ri.
Ti $+i $("% dec7% +%7%, V+ren + #s% ce+ c+re + s(/er+% $+i =n%7i
c+ s6 "(creC =$!re(n6 c( T$, ce" $+i %7n6r din%re cei cinci c!ii +i
nA%ri. Isc(sin.+ "(i =n +"e scris("(i, s%6r(in.+ =n + !6s%r+ in%e/ri%+%e+
$es+'("(i Ai c+!+ci%+%e+ "(i e<ce!.in+"6 de + =n*6.+ re!ede cee+ ce
es%e "e/+% de s(Biec% +( #6c(% !siBi" +ces% !riec%. E" =ns(Ai + scris
$+i $("%e c+!i%"e din +ce+s%6 c+r%e Ai + rescris $("% $+i $("%e,
+d(c7nd c"+ri%+%e $es+'("(i $e(.
Ti cei"+".i c!ii +i nA%ri FNe"sn Ai s.i+ Vi$, LeAnne, Vei%),
D+nG Ai ne!.ii F4)i%ney, C"in, S%e*en, Le"sn, L+(r+G ne8+(
=nc(r+'+% de +se$ene+ $("%. Dr+/s%e+ Ai s(s.inere+ "r n( !% #i
red+%e =n c(*in%e.
S(n% de +se$ene+ =nd+%r+% (nei +"%e #+$i"iiI n($erAi"r $ei
s%(den.i c+re +( +Bs"*i% c( nr(ri, ce"r c+re Ai8+( d+% Ai dc%r+%(",
ce"r c( c+re +$ #s% +sci+% =n s%(dii de cerce%+re !s%8dc%r+"e c7%
Ai c"e/i"r $ei !r#esri, c+re +( "(cr+% =n /r(!(" $e( de cerce%+re
Ai c+re +( #s% nes%e$+%e +"e c+rierei $e"e. Din !6c+%e n( +$ !(%(%
ci%+ =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e dec7% $ic6 !+r%e din desc!eriri"e "r, =ns6
$("%e, $("% $+i $("%e +r #i !(%(% #i inc"(se
M(".($esc $("%r !rie%eni, +sci+.i Ai r(de c+re +( cn%riB(i%
$("%, !rin "ec%(r+ "r $e%ic("+s6 + di*erse"r *ersi(ni +"e
$+n(scris("(i Ai !rin re+c.i+ "r "+ de%+"ii. =n rdine +"#+Be%ic6,
+ceA%i+ +( #s%I Ne"sn C+$!Be"", Rn C+$!Be"", Ven% C+rr"",
An%ni+ De$+s, M+r@ E!s%ein, ,)n Ai M+r%)+ Der/er, Vi$Ber"y
V+%)+n, D(/ Lis"e, ,)n RBBins, P+(" Sn%r! Ai G"enn ?e##e%).
S#+%(ri, s(s.inere Ai +'(%r /eners +( *eni%, de +se$ene+, =n $("%e
+"%e #r$e, de "+ Ne+" B+rn+rd, ,di B"+nc, ,(ns)i C)en, RBer%
Gd"+nd, Mic)+e" ,+cBsn, Ted L+n/e, 53+rd Ly$+n, BB
Mecy, ,)n A""en M""en)+(er, ,e## Ne"sn, S(s)$+ P+"$er, ,e##
Prince, Dr+n@ R)des, BB Ric)+rdsn Ai V+%)y 4+rd.
Desi/(r, s(n% rec(nsc6%r ce"r de "+ BenBe""+ B@s, "(i
G"enn ?er#e%), S)+nn+ C+(/)ey, Me/)+n V(c@e"$+n, L+(r+
4+%@ins Ai Le+) 4i"sn !en%r( c6 +( %r+ns#r$+% (n dc($en% 4rd
deCrdn+% =n c+r%e+ !e c+re +*e.i +c($. Ven% C+rr"" + +d6(/+%
!r#esin+"is$, =n.e"e/ere Ai *iCi(ne c"+r6 !rin *+"r+s+ s+
cn%riB(.ie "+ edi%+re.
MieC(" +ces%ei c6r.i =" cns%i%(ie =ns(Ai S%(di(" C)in+. E" n(
re!reCin%6 =n%re+/+ c+r%e, desi/(r, d+r es%e !(nc%(" de !rnire> =n
deC*"%+re+ idei"r $e"e. S%(di(" cncre% din C)in+ n( +r #i !(%(%
+*e+ "c #6r6 cnd(cere+ e<%r+rdin+r6 Ai $(nc+ +sid(6 Ai !"in6 de
dedic+.ie + "(i ,(ns)i C)en Ai Li ,(+ny+ din Bei'in/, Sir Ric)+rd
Pe% Ai ,i""i+n Bre)+$ de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ O<#rd din An/"i+, Ai
Lind+ ?(n/$+n, M+r%in R% Ai M+n P+r!i+ din /r(!(" $e( de "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i. Dr. C)en + cnd(s $+i $("% de 9:: de
s!eci+"iA%i c+re +( e#ec%(+% s%(di(" n+.in+" =n C)in+. Tr6s6%(ri"e "(i
de c+r+c%er Ai !r#esin+"e $8+( ins!ir+%W +ces% #e" de $(nc6 Ai +ces%
#e" de +$eni #+c din "($e+ n+s%r6 (n "c $+i B(n.
=n $d si$i"+r, $edicii C+"d3e"" Esse"s%yn, ,r, Ai ,)n
McD(/+"" FAi Ann, res!ec%i* M+ryG +( +cce!%+% c( /enerCi%+%e s6
cn%riB(ie "+ +ce+s%6 c+r%e. Dedic+re+ Ai c(r+'(" "r s(n%
=ns(#"e%i%+re.
T+%e +ces%e+ +( #s% !siBi"e, Bine=n.e"es, d+%ri%6 s%+r%("(i
e<ce!.in+" !e c+re $i "8+( d+% !6rin.ii $ei, T$ Ai Be%%y C+$!Be"",
c6rr+ "e es%e dedic+%6 +ce+s%6 c+r%e. Dr+/s%e+ Ai d6r(ire+ "r +(
cre+% !en%r( $ine Ai #r+.ii $ei $+i $("%e !r%(ni%6.i dec7% Ai8+r #i
!(%(% ei i$+/in+, <*i
TreB(ie s6 $(".($esc, de +se$ene+, c"e/i"r $ei c+re +(
discredi%+% idei"e $e"e Ai, n( de !(.ine ri, !e $ine !ersn+". Ei +(
!+r%e+ "r de $%i*+re =n cee+ ce $6 !ri*eA%e. Ei $8+( #6c(% s6 $6
=n%reB de ce e<is%6 +%7% de $("%6 s%i"i%+%e in(%i"6 #+.6 de niA%e idei
c+re +r %reB(i s6 #+c6 !+r%e din deCB+%ere+ A%iin.i#ic6. C6(%7nd d(!6
+ces%e r6s!(ns(ri, +$ dB7ndi% !ers!ec%i*6 $+i =n.e"e+!%6, (nic6,
!e c+re +"%#e" n( +A #i +*(%8.
=n ce"e din (r$6, %reB(ie s6 *6 $(".($esc *(6, ce"r c+re
+"c6%(i.i !(B"ic(" +$eric+n !"6%i%r de %+<e. 2i +.i #in+n.+% +c%i*i%+%e+
$e+ $+i $("% de !+%r( decenii, Ai s!er+n.+ $e+ es%e c6,
=$!6r%7Aind(8*6 "ec.ii"e !e c+re "e8+$ =n*6.+% e(, !% =nce!e s6 $6
+c)i% de d+%ri+ #+.6 de *i.
8 T. C"in C+$!Be""
Pe "7n/6 ce"e scrise $+i s(s, e( +d(c $(".($iri !6rin.i"r $ei.
I$!"ic+re+ $e+ =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e + #s% Ai =nc6 es%e (n d+r din !+r%e+
"r !e c+re =" *i !re.(i %% res%(" *ie.ii $e"e. C(*in%e"e n( !%
e<!ri$+ $+re+ $e+ A+ns6 de + +*e+ !6rin.i c+re s(n% !r#esri +%7% de
$in(n+.i, $6 s(s.in Ai $6 =ns(#"e.esc.
De +se$ene+, Vi$Ber"y V+%)+n ne8+ s(s.in(%, ne8+ d+% s#+%(ri,
ne8+ #s% +"6%(ri Ai + !(s !+si(ne !en%r( +ces% !riec%. E+ + #6c(% c+
*6i"e s6 #ie s(!r%+Bi"e, i+r =n6".i$i"e s6 #ie e<ce!.in+"e =n c+dr("
+ces%ei $+ri +*en%(ri.
8 T)$+s M. C+$!Be"" II
PREDAX
T. C"in C+$!Be"" es%e =nc6, =n s%r6#(nd (i ini$ii s+"e, (n B6i+%
de #er$6 din nrd(" 2ir/iniei. C7nd +$ !e%rec(% %i$! =$!re(n6,
ine*i%+Bi" ne8+$ =$!6r%6Ai% +$in%iri"e de "+ #er$6. Die c6 e *rB+ de
+ =$!r6A%i+ B6"e/+r de *+c6, de + cnd(ce %r+c%r(" s+( de + !+A%e
*i%e"e, +$7ndi +*e$ B/+%6 is%rie =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e *i+.+ "+
#er$6.
T%(Ai, de "+ +ces%e =nce!(%(ri, +%7% e" c7% Ai e( ne8+$ =ndre!%+%
s!re +"%e c+riere. Tc$+i !en%r( +ces%e re+"iC6ri =n +"%6 c+rier6 +$
+'(ns s68J +d$ir !e C"in. E" + "(+% !+r%e "+ desc!erire+ (nei
s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice n($i%6 $+i %7rCi( di<in6, i+r +!i Ai8+ cn%in(+%
+c%i*i%+%e+ cnd(c7nd (n(" din ce"e $+i i$!r%+n%e s%(dii c( !ri*ire
"+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e e#ec%(+%e *red+%6, S%(di(" C)in+. =n%re
%i$!, + scris s(%e de re#er+%e A%iin.i#ice, + #s% $e$Br( =n n($er+se
/r(!(ri de "(cr( de e<!er.i /(*ern+$en%+"i Ai + cn%riB(i% "+
=n#iin.+re+ de r/+niC+.ii de +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e, n+.in+"e Ai
in%ern+.in+"e, c($ +r #i Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n !en%r( Cerce%+re+
C+ncer("(i Ai Dnd(" In%ern+.in+" !en%r( Cerce%+re+ C+ncer("(i. C+
$ de A%iin.6, + '(c+% (n r" esen.i+" =n #e"(" =n c+re !ri*eA%e .+r+
n+s%r6 +"i$en%+.i+ Ai s6n6%+%e+. Ti %%(Ai, c7nd "8+$ !(%(% c(n+A%e
!e C"in !ersn+", +$ +'(ns s6 =" res!ec% din +"%e $%i*e dec7% ce"e
"e/+%e de "is%+ re+"iC6ri"r s+"e !r#esin+"e. YI res!ec% !en%r( c(r+'("
Ai in%e/ri%+%e+ s+. C"in !(ne seris s(B se$n(" =n%reB6rii sis%e$(" Ai,
c)i+r d+c6 d*eCi"e A%iin.i#ice s(n% de !+r%e+ "(i, e cnA%ien% c6 +
$er/e =$!%ri*+ #irii n( es%e nicid+%6 (Ar. C(nsc Bine +ces% "(cr(
!en%r( c6 =$!re(n6 c( O!r+) 4in#rey +$ #s% inc("!+.i c7nd (n
/r(! de cresc6%ri de *i%e i8+( in%en%+% !rces d(!6 ce +ce+s%+ Ai8+
dec"+r+% in%en.i+ de + n( $+i cns($+ c+rne de *i%6. A$ #s% =n
c+!i%+"+ 4+s)in/%n, +$ #6c(% "BBy !en%r( !r+c%ici +/ric"e $+i
B(ne Ai +$ "(!%+% !en%r( + sc)i$B+ $d(" =n c+re ne !rd(ce$
)r+n+ =n .+r+ +s%+. A$ !re"(+% (ne"e din ce"e $+i in#"(en%e, Bine
#in+n.+%e /r(!(ri din .+r6 Ai A%i( c6 n( es%e (Ar.
D+%ri%6 dr($(ri"r n+s%re !+r+"e"e, $6 si$% "e/+% de !*es%e+
"(i C"in. Ni +$ !rni% de "+ #er$6, +$ =n*6.+% inde!enden.+,
cins%e+ Ai in%e/ri%+%e+ =n "c+"i%6.i $ici, Ai ne8+$ cn%in(+% *i+.+
(r$7nd c+riere i$!r%+n%e. DeAi +$7ndi +$ +*(% s(cces F=nc6 n(
!% (i%+ cec(" c( A+!%e ci#re !e c+re "8+$ scris !en%r( !er+.i(ne+
$e+ $+si*6 c( *i%e =n Mn%+n+G, +$ +'(ns s6 ne d6$ se+$+ c6
sis%e$(" =n c+re %r6i+$ !(%e+ #i =$B(n6%6.i%. A %e +%in/e de sis%e$("
c+re ne8+ #eri% +se$ene+ r6s!"+%6 c( si/(r+n.6 c6 + necesi%+% *in.6
de #ier Ai in%e/ri%+%e nec"in%i%6. C"in "e +re !e +$7nd(6, i+r
+ce+s%6 c+r%e cns%i%(ie !(nc%(" c("$in+n% s%r6"(ci%r +" (nei c+riere
=nde"(n/+%e Ai de$ne. A$ #+ce Bine d+c6 +$ =n*6.+ de "+ C"in, c+re
+ +%ins c("$e+ !r#esiei Ai +!i + +*(% c(r+'(" de + se ridic+ c)i+r $+i
s(s, cer7nd sc)i$B+re.
Die c6 in%eres(" %6( es%e !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ %+ s+( !en%r( s%+re+
'+"nic6 + s6n6%6.ii =n S%+%e"e Uni%e, +ce+s%6 c+r%e %e *+ r6s!"6%i din
!"in. Ci%eA%e8 c( +%en.ie, s+rBe8i in#r$+.ii"e Ai +!"ic68"e=n *i+.+ %+.
53+rd Ly$+n, +(%r +" c6r.ii
M+d C3By
CU2ZNT YNAINTE
D+c6 eA%i c+ $+'ri%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r de +Ci, eA%i =ncn'(r+% de
"+n.(ri de res%+(r+n%e #+s%8#d. Pes%e %% *eCi rec"+$e !en%r( )r+n6
de !r+s%6 c+"i%+%e Ai +"%e rec"+$e "+ !r/r+$e de s"6Bire c+re s(s.in
c6 !.i $7nc+ ric7% *rei, #6r6 s6 #+ci $iAc+re #iCic6, Ai %%(Ai s6
!ierCi =n /re(%+%e. E $+i (Ar de /6si% cic"+%6 Snic@ers, )+$B(r/er
s+( cc+8c"+ dec7% (n $6r. I+r c!iii %6i $6n7nc6 "+ c+n%in+ Ac"ii
(nde @e%c)(!8(" de !e )+$B(r/er es%e sin/(r(" "(cr( c+re +$in%eA%e
de idee+ de *e/e%+"e.
Te d(ci "+ $edic c+ s6 %e s#6%(ieA%i c( e" =n !ri*in.+
!rB"e$e"r %+"e de s6n6%+%e. =n s+"+ de +A%e!%+re /6seA%i re*is%6
i"(s%r+%6 de 9PQ de !+/ini in%i%("+%6 D+$i"y Dc%rI ?(r essen%i+"
G(ide % 5e+"%) +nd 4e""8Bein/ FDc%r(" de #+$i"ieI G)id c( cee+
ce %reB(ie s6 A%ii !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ Ai B(n6s%+re+ %+G. P(B"ic+%6 de
Ac+de$i+ A$eric+n6 + Medici"r de D+$i"ie Ai %ri$is6 /r+%(i% "+
%+%e c+Bine%e"e ce"r L:.::: de $edici de #+$i"ie din S%+%e"e Uni%e
din 9::P, +ce+s%+ es%e !"in6 de !+/ini c"r c( rec"+$e i"(s%r+%e
!en%r( McDn+"d[s, Dr. Pe!!er, !(ddin/8(ri de cic"+%6 Ai
!r6'i%(re"e Ore. A"e/i edi.ie + N+%in+" Ge/r+!)ic Vids,
re*is%6 !(B"ic+%6 de N+%in+" Ge/r+!)ic Scie%y !en%r( *7rs%+ de
"+ A+se +ni =n s(s> Ai +A%e!.i s6 /6seA%i ce*+ s6n6%s de ci%i% !en%r(
c!ii. D+r !+/ini"e s(n% !"ine de rec"+$e !en%r( T3in@y, M\Ms,
#("/i cn/e"+.i, Dr% L!s, !r6'i%(ri 5s%ess C(! Ai s%ic@s(ri U
%re$e ,e""8O P(ddin/.
Ace+s%+ es%e cee+ ce cerce%6%rii Ai s(s.in6%rii (nei +"i$en%+.ii
s6n6%+se n($esc (n $edi( +"i$en%+r %<ic. Es%e $edi(" =n c+re
%r6i$ +s%6Ci $+'ri%+%e+ din%re ni.
Ine*i%+Bi" es%e c6 +n($i.i +$eni #+c $(".i$e de B+ni
*7nC7nd +"i$en%e nes6n6%+se. Ei #+c %% ce "e s%6 =n !(%in.6 c+
s6 $7nc+.i +"i$en%e"e !e c+re "e *7nd, c)i+r d+c6 +'(n/e.i
s(!r+!nder+"i, "i!si.i de *i%+"i%+%e Ai *i se de/r+de+C6 *i+.+. Ei #+c
%% ce !% c+ d($ne+*+s%r6 s6 #i.i dci"i, s(!(Ai Ai i/nr+n.i. Ei n(
*r s6 #i.i in#r$+.i, +c%i*i Ai !"ini de *i+.6, Ai s(n% =n s%+re s6
c)e"%(i+sc6 $i"i+rde de d"+ri +n(+" c+ s6 =Ai =nde!"ine+sc6 +ces%
sc!.
D($ne+*+s%r6 !(%e.i cnsi$.i "+ +ce+s%+, !(%e.i ced+ =n #+.+
*7nC6%ri"r de )r+n6 de !r+s%6 c+"i%+%e, s+( !(%e.i +"e/e s6
desc!eri.i +Brd+re $+i s6n6%+s6 Ai d6%6%+re de *i+.6 !rin )r+n+
!e c+re in%rd(ce.i =n cr!(" d($ne+*+s%r6. D+c6 dri.i s6 r+di+.i
de s6n6%+%e, s6 #i.i senin Ai s6 n( !(r%+.i @i"/r+$e =n !"(s, *e.i +*e+
ne*ie de (n +"i+% =n $edi(" de +s%6Ci.
Din #ericire !en%r( d($ne+*+s%r6, %c$+i (n +se$ene+ +"i+%
+*e.i =n $7n6. T. C"in C+$!Be"", dc%r =n A%iin.e, es%e (n+ni$
rec(nsc(% c+ (n cerce%6%r s%r6"(ci%, (n s+*+n% cns+cr+% Ai (n $+re
#i"+n%r!. A*7nd !"6cere+ Ai !ri*i"e/i(" de + #i !rie%en(" "(i, !%
de!(ne $6r%(rie =n #+*+re+ %(%(rr +ces%r "(cr(ri, Ai $+i !%
+d6(/+ Ai +"%e"e. Es%e (n $ ($i" Ai de $enie r+r6, (n $ +i
c6r(i !+Ai s(n% c6"6(Ci.i d+r de i(Bire+ !en%r( se$eni.
N(+ c+r%e + dc%r("(i C+$!Be"" 8 S%(di(" C)in+ 8cns%i%(ie
r+C6 $+re de "($in6 =n =n%(neric(" *re$(ri"r n+s%re, ce
"($ine+C6 !eis+'(" Ai re+"i%6.i"e +"i$en%+.iei Ai s6n6%6.ii c( +%7%+
c"+ri%+%e, +%7% de de!"in, =nc7% n( *+ $+i %reB(i s6 *6 "6s+.i *red+%6
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#s% +ce"e+Ai.
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PARTEA I
STUDIUL C5INA
1
PROBLEME YNTZMPINATE,
SOLUII NECESARE
#$cela care nu cunoa%te m&nc'rurile, cum
ar putea (n)elege *olile omului+,
5i!cr+%e, !6rin%e"e $edicinei FPS:8QL; Y.5r.G
=n%r8 di$ine+.6 de *is din JOPS, c7nd *+r+ er+ !e s#7rAi%e Ai
%+$n+ =Ai in%r+ =n dre!%(ri, =n #er$+ #+$i"iei $e"e n( !(%e+i +(Ci
dec7% "iniA%e. N( +(Ce+i nici )(r(i% de $+Aini, nici C/$% de +*i+ne
!e de+s(!r+ c+!("(i. D+r "iniA%e. Se +(Ce+(, desi/(r, ciri!i% de
!6s6re"e, $(/e%(" *+ci"r Ai, din c7nd =n c7nd, c7n%ec(" ccAi"r, d+r
+ces%e C/$%e n( #6ce+( dec7% s6 c$!"e%eCe "iniA%e+.
S%7nd "+ e%+'(" di +" )+$B+r("(i ns%r(, c( (Ai"e +ce"e+ $+ri
$+rn, "+r/ desc)ise, =n/6d(ind s+re"(i s6 !6%r(nd6, e( er+$ "+
*re$e+ +cee+ (n B6ie.+ndr( #erici% de dis!reCece +ni. Tc$+i
%er$in+se$ de $7nc+% (n $ic de'(n c!is, c+ "+ .+r6, +"c6%(i% din
(6, s"6nin6, c7rn+.i, c+r%#i !r6'i.i Ai A(nc6 +"6%(ri de d(6 c6ni
Cdr+*ene de "+!%e de *+c6 in%e/r+". M+$+ $e+ /6%ise +ce+ #+n%+s%ic6
$7nc+re. Mi8+$ .in(% !#%+ =n #r7( de I+ P.Q: di$ine+.+, c7nd $6
sc("+se$ s6 $("/ *+ci"e =$!re(n6 c( %+%6" $e( T$ Ai c( #r+%e"e
$e( ,+c@.
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ins%i%(.ii de cerce%+re Ai $edic+"e din !es%e P: de s%+%e Ai $("%e .6ri
s%r6ine +( +%es%+% in%eres(" $+ni#es%+% !en%r( +ces%e desc!eriri din
!+r%e+ c$(ni%6.i"r !r#esin+"e. PreCen.+ $e+ =n #+.+ (nr
c$i%e%e din c+dr(" cn/res("(i s+( c$i%e%e #eder+"e Ai +/en.ii +"e
s%+%("(i +( indic+% de +se$ene+ (n in%eres !(B"ic s(Bs%+n.i+" #+.6 de
desc!eriri"e n+s%re. Prin%re +c%i*i%6.i"e !(B"ice +$in%i$ in%er*i(ri
=n !r/r+$(" McNei"8Le)rer Ne3s 5(r, =n ce" !(.in +"%e d(6Ceci
Ai cinci de !r/r+$e T2, re"+%6ri =n #r$+ (nr sc(r%e reC($+%e =n
USA Td+y, T)e Ne3 ?r@ Ti$es Ai S+%(rd+y E*enin/ Ps%, Ai
n($er+se dc($en%+re T2 !en%r( c+re s8+ #6c(% $("%6 !(B"ici%+%e.
PROMISIUNEA PENTRU
2IITOR
Prin %+%e +ces%e+, +$ +'(ns s6 =$i d+( se+$+ c6 Bene#icii"e
(nei +"i$en%+.ii de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s(n% c( $("% $+i di*erse Ai $+i
i$!resin+n%e dec7% +"e ric6r(i $edic+$en% s+( +c% c)ir(r/ic+"
#"si% =n !r+c%ic+ $edic+"6. B"i"e de ini$6, c+ncere"e, di+Be%(",
+cciden%e"e *+sc("+re cereBr+"e, +r%ri%e"e, c+%+r+c%e"e, B+"+
A"C)ei$er, i$!%en%+ Ai %% #e"(" de +"%e B"i crnice !% #i =n $+re
$6s(r6 !re*eni%e. Aces%e B"i, c+re s(r*in d+%6 c( =$B6%r7nire+ Ai
de/ener+re+ .es(%(ri"r, ne (cid !e $+'ri%+%e+ din%re ni =n+in%e de
*re$e.
Pe "7n/6 +ce+s%+, e<is%6 +s%6Ci d*eCi i$!resin+n%e c+re +r+%6
c6 B"i"e de ini$6 =n s%+re +*+ns+%6, c+ncere"e re"+%i* +*+ns+%e de
+n($i%e %i!(ri, di+Be%(" Ai c7%e*+ +"%e B"i de/ener+%i*e !% re/res+
!rin +"i$en%+.ie. =$i +d(c +$in%e, de e<e$!"(, c7nd s(!eririi $ei
+( +cce!%+% A*6i%r d*eCi"e c6 n(%ri.i+ es%e =n s%+re s6 !re*in6 B+"+
de ini$6, d+r +( ne/+% c( *e)e$en.6 c+!+ci%+%e+ +ces%ei+ de + #+ce c+
+se$ene+ B+"6 s6 re/reseCe c7nd es%e de'+ =n s%+re +*+ns+%6. =ns6
d*eCi"e n( $+i !% #i i/nr+%e. Acei+ din%re +$enii de A%iin.6 Ai
$edicii c+re =Ai =nc)id $in%e+ #+.6 de +ce+s%6 idee s(n% $+i $("%
dec7% =nc6!6.7n+.iW ei s(n% ires!ns+Bi"i.
"0n(" din ce"e $+i c+!%i*+n%e Bene#icii +"e +"i$en%+.iei
s6n6%+se es%e !re*enire+ B"i"r des!re c+re se crede+ c6 +( c+(Ce
/ene%ice. Ac($ ni A%i$ c6 !(%e$ e*i%+ =n $+re $6s(r6 +ces%e B"i
/ene%ice> c)i+r d+c6 +*e$ /en+ Fs+( /ene"eG c+re !+r%6
res!ns+Bi"i%+%e+ !en%r( B+"6. =ns6 #in+n.+re+ cerce%6ri"r /ene%ice
cn%in(6 s6 cre+sc6 *er%i/ins c( s!er+n.+ c6 +n($i%e /ene s!eci#ice
s(n% res!ns+Bi"e !en%r( +n($i%e B"i, =n s!er+n.+ c6 *$ #i =n s%+re,
c($*+, s6 sc+%e$ din circ(i%> +ces%e /ene +$enin.6%+re.
Pr/r+$e de PR +"e (nr c$!+nii de $edic+$en%e !rescri( +c($
(n *ii%r =n c+re #iec+re din%re ni *+ de.ine (n c7rd !ersn+" c+re *+
c+%+"/+ %+%e /ene"e n+s%re B(ne Ai re"e. U%i"iC7nd +ces% c7rd, d(!6
!6rere+ "r, *$ $er/e "+ dc%r i+r +ces%+ ne *+ !rescrie sin/(r6
!i"("6 c+re s6 ne s(!ri$e /ene"e re"e. A$ cn*in/ere+ #er$6 c6
+ces%e $in(ni n( se *r =n%7$!"+ nicid+%6, s+(, d+c6 *r #i
=ncerc+%e, e"e *r +*e+ cnsecin.e /r+*e, nein%en.in+%e. N(%rire+
(nr +s%#e" de *ise #(%(ris%e, )+"(cin+n%e, es%$!e+C6 s"(.ii"e !e
c+re ni "e !(%e$ !er$i%e, !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6I s"(.ii B+C+%e !e
+"i$en%+.ie !%ri*i%6.
E( +$ de$ns%r+% =n "+Br+%r(" $e(, !e +ni$+"e de
e<!eri$en%, c6 deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i !+%e #i !rni%6 Ai !ri%6 !rin
n(%ri.ie, =n ci(d+ (nr !redis!Ci.ii /ene%ice #+r%e !(%ernice. Ni +$
s%(di+% +ces%e e#ec%e #+r%e =n de%+"i( Ai +$ !(B"ic+% desc!eriri"e
n+s%re =n ce"e $+i B(ne re*is%e A%iin.i#ice. AA+ c($ *e.i *ede+ $+i
%7rCi(, +ces%e desc!eriri s(n% c( %%(" s(r!rinC6%+re, Ai +ce"e+Ai
e#ec%e +( #s% indic+%e i+r Ai i+r "+ +$eni.
A %e )r6ni cres!(nC6%r n( d+r c6 !re*ine B+"+, d+r Ai
/enere+C6 s6n6%+%e Ai (n si$.6$7n% de Bine, +%7% #iCic c7% Ai $in%+".
C7.i*+ +%"e.i de c"+s6, c($ +r #i +"er/6%r(" D+*e Sc%%, s%+r(ri"e de
!is%6 F,+ri Le3is Ai Ed3in Mses, $+re+ %enis$en6 M+r%in+
N+*r+%i"*+, c+$!in(" $ndi+" "+ "(!%e C)ris C+$!Be"" Fn( $i8e
r(d6G Ai $+r+%nis%+ de SR de +ni R(%) 5eindric) +( desc!eri% c6
!rin%r8 +"i$en%+.ie s6r+c6 =n /r6si$i, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, +( #s%
cnd(Ai =n $d se$ni#ic+%i* s!re !er#r$+n.6. =n "+Br+%r, +$
)r6ni% AB"+ni de e<!eri$en% c( die%6 si$i"+r6 +"i$en%+.iei
+$eric+n("(i de r7nd B/+%6 =n !r%eine +ni$+"e 8 Ai i8+$ c$!+r+%
+!i c( +".i AB"+ni !e c+re i8+$ )r6ni% c( die%6 s6r+c6 =n !r%eine
de ri/ine +ni$+"6. G)ici.i ce s8+ =n%7$!"+% c7nd +$Be"e /r(!e de
AB"+ni +( +*(% c+Ci+ s6 (rce !e r.i"e dis!Ci%i*("(i de %es%+re?
Cei )r6ni.i c( die%6 s6r+c6 =n !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( re(Ai%
c( $("% $+i $("% Ai n( +( #s% +A+ de Bsi.i =n c$!+r+.ie c( cei c(
die%6 +se$6n6%+re n(6. Ace"+Ai e#ec% + #s% Bser*+% Ai de +ceA%i
+%"e.i c+$!ini.
As%#e" de "(cr(ri n( +r %reB(i s6 cns%i%(ie *eA%i ni !en%r(
sis%e$(" $edic+". C( (n sec" =n (r$6, !r#esr(" R(sse""
C)i%%enden, (n ren($i% cerce%6%r =n n(%ri.ie de I+ Tc+"+ Medic+"6 +
Uni*ersi%6.ii ?+"e, + in*es%i/+% c#+c6 #"sire+ (nei die%e c( +"i$en%e
de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 +#ec%e+C6 c+!+ci%6.i"e #iCice +"e s%(den.i"r.
QP
>
J
E"
=$!re(n6 c( c7.i*+ s%(den.i din #+c("%+%e s8+( )r6ni% c( +"i$en%+.ie
de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 Ai +!i Ai8+( %es%+% !er#r$+n.+ #iCic6. A( B.in(%
+ce"e+Ai reC("%+%e c+ Ai ni c( AB"+nii nA%ri, +!r+!e (n sec" $+i
%7rCi( 8 Ai +ces%e+ +( #s% "+ #e" de s!ec%+c("+se.
A!i $+i es%e Ai !rB"e$+ de!enden.ei n+s%re e<cesi*e de
$edic+$en%e Ai c)ir(r/ie !en%r( + ne !6s%r+ s6n6%+%e+. =n ce+ $+i
si$!"6 #r$6, +"i$en%+.ie s6n6%+s6 *+ =nde!6r%+ =n $+re $6s(r6
cs%(ri"e enr$e +"e #"sirii $edic+$en%e"r, Ai de +se$ene+ *+
!re*eni e#ec%e"e "r sec(nd+re. P(.ini +$eni *r $+i %reB(i s6 d(c6
B6%6"ie =nde"(n/+%6, cs%isi%+re c( B"i"e crnice =n s!i%+"e, =n
("%i$ii "r +ni de *i+%6. Cs%(ri"e !en%r( =n/ri'ire+ s6n6%6.ii *r
sc6de+, i+r /reAe"i"e $edic+"e *r descreA%e "+ #e" c+ Ai decese"e
!re$+%(re. =n esen.6,
sis%e$(" ns%r( de =n/ri'ire + s6n6%6.ii *+ !r%e'+ Ai !r$*+ =n ce"e
din (r$6 s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6, +A+ c($ =i es%e $enire+.
KNC=(UTU*I SI/(L=
Pri*ind =n+!i, $6 /7ndesc +dese+ "+ *i+.+ de "+ #er$6 Ai "+
c6i"e $("%i!"e =n c+re e+ $i8+ $de"+% /7ndire+. D+$i"i+ $e+ er+
c(#(nd+%6 =n n+%(r6 %% %i$!(". 2+r+, de "+ r6s6ri%(" s+re"(i !7n6 "+
+!(s(" "(i er+$ +#+r6 s6dind Ai c("e/7nd rec"%+ Ai +*7nd /ri'6 de
+ni$+"e. M+$+ $e+ +*e+ ce+ $+i /rC+*6 /r6din6 din +ce+ !+r%e +
.6rii Ai $(nce+ din /re(, Ci de Ci, !en%r( + )r6ni Bine #+$i"i+ c(
$7nc+re !r+s!6%6, !rd(s6 =n =n%re/i$e =n #er$+ n+s%r6.
C6"6%ri+ !e c+re +$ #6c(%8 + #s% ("(i%+re, *6 +si/(r. Er+$
cn%in(( s(r!rins de cee+ ce desc!ere+$. Mi8+A dri $("% c+
#+$i"i+ $e+ Ai $(".i din '(r(" ns%r( s6 #i !(%(% Bene#ici+ +%(nci, "+
'($6%+%e+ sec"("(i UU, de in#r$+.ii"e !e c+re ni "e +*e$ +c($ c(
!ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e. D+c6 "e8+$ #i +*(%, %+%6" $e( Ai8+r #i
!(%(% !re*eni B+"+ de ini$6, s+( !+%e c)i+r s6 #+c6 s6 re/reseCe.
E" "8+r #i !(%(% *ede+ !e #i(" $e( ce" $ic, c+re =i !+r%6 n($e"e Ai
c+re es%e c"+Br+%r(" $e( "+ +ce+s%6 c+r%e. E" +r #i !(%(% %r6i $+i
$(".i +ni Ai Bene#ici+ de *i+.6 de c+"i%+%e $+i B(n6.
C6"6%ri+ $e+ =n A%iin.6 =n c(rs(" ("%i$i"r P: de +ni $8+
cn*ins c6 +c($ es%e $+i (r/en% c+ nicid+%6 s6 +r6%6$ +$eni"r
#e"(" =n c+re !% e*i%+ +ces%e %r+/edii. D*eCi"e A%iin.i#ice e<is%6 Ai
%reB(ie #6c(%e c(nsc(%e. N( !(%e$ "6s+ +ce+s%6 s%+re de "(cr(ri s6
cn%in(e #6r6 + #i cn%es%+%6, +sis%7nd c($ cei dr+/i +i nA%ri s(#er6
/r+%(i%. Es%e %i$!(" s6 "(6$ !Ci.ie, s6 !(ne$ c+!6% +ces%ei s%6ri
e<is%en%e Ai s6 de*eni$ res!ns+Bi"i =n ce !ri*eA%e s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6.
2
UN TEMPLU AL PROTEINELOR
=n%re+/+ $e+ c+rier6 !r#esin+"6 =n cerce%+re+ Bi$edic+"6 s8+
cncen%r+% +s(!r+ !r%eine"r. C+ "es6 in*iCiBi"6, !r%eine"e $6
+ncr+( !e ri(nde $6 d(ce+$, de "+ s%(dii"e de B+C6 din "+Br+%r
!7n6 "+ !r/r+$e"e !r+c%ice de )r6nire + c!ii"r $+"n(%ri.i din
Di"i!ine, Ai !7n6 =n c+$ere"e de cnsi"i( +"e /(*ern("(i (nde se
!(ne+( "+ c+"e !"i%ici"e n+s%re n+.in+"e c( !ri*ire "+ s6n6%+%e.
Pr%eine"e, +dese+ %r+%+%e c( cnsider+.ie ne=n%rec(%6, cns%i%(ie
#ir(" c$(n ce #+ce "e/6%(r+ =n%re c(nA%in.e"e %rec(%e Ai !reCen%e c(
!ri*ire "+ n(%ri.ie.
P*es%e+ !r%eine"r .ine =n !+r%e de A%iin.6, =n !+r%e de c("%(r6,
d+r cn.ine Ai s(#icien%6 $i%"/ie. =$i +$in%esc c(*in%e"e "(i
Ge%)e, !en%r( !ri$+ d+%6 +d(se =n +%en.i+ $e+ de c6%re !rie%en("
$e( 53+rd Ly$+n, (n cn#eren.i+r !re$inen%, +(%r Ai e", Ai #s%
!r!rie%+r +" (nei #er$e de *i%eI Ne !rice!e$ de $in(ne s6
+sc(nde$ +ce"e "(cr(ri c+re se +#"6 ce" $+i "+ *edere>. Ni$ic n( +
#s% +%7% de Bine %6in(i% c+ !*es%e+ ners%i%6 + !r%eine"r. Direc% s+(
indirec%, dc%rin+ c+re =ncn'+r6 !r%eine"e deC+!rB6, +d(ce
re!rA(ri Ai c6"6(CeA%e +!r+!e #iec+re /7nd !e c+re =" +*e$ =n
cerce%+re+ Bi$edic+"6.
=nc6 de "+ desc!erire+, =n +n(" JRQO, + +ces%r !+r%ic("e
c)i$ice ce cn.in +C%, de c6%re c)i$is%(" "+ndeC Ger)+rd M("der,
!r%eine"e +( #s% cnsider+%e c+ #iind ce"e $+i s+cre din%re %.i
n(%rien.ii. C(*7n%(" !r%ein6 !r*ine din c(*7n%(" /recesc !r%eis,
c+re =nse+$n6 de !ri$6 i$!r%+n.6>.
=n sec"(" +" <"<8"e+ c(*7n%(" !r%ein6 er+ sinni$ c( c+rne Ai
+ce+s%6 cne<i(ne ne8+ (r$6ri% $+i Bine de s(%6 de +ni. M(".i
+$eni !(n =nc6 se$n(" e/+" =n%re !r%eine Ai )r+n+ de ri/ine
+ni$+"6. D+c6 +r #i s6 s!(ne.i !ri$(" c(*7n% c+re *6 *ine =n $in%e
+%(nci c7nd rs%i.i c(*7n%(" !r%eine, e !siBi" s6
s!(ne.i c+rne de *+c6. D+c6 +.i #6c(%8, n( s(n%e.i sin/(r+
!ers+n6.
=n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e $("%e din =n%reB6ri"e de B+C6 c( !ri*ire
"+ !r%eine, d$neA%e cn#(Ci+I
] C+re s(n% s(rse"e !%ri*i%e de !r%eine?
] C7%e !r%eine +r %reB(i s6 cns($6$?
] S(n% !r%eine"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 "+ #e" de B(ne c+ ce"e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6?
] Es%e neces+r s6 c$Bin6$ +n($i%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6 !en%r( + B.ine !r%eine c$!"e%e?
] Es%e rec$+nd+% s6 "(6$ !r%eine s(B #r$6 de !("Bere s+(
s(!"i$en%e c( +$in+ciCi, =n s!eci+" c7nd es%e *rB+ de cine*+ c+re
#+ce $iAc+re #iCic6 *i/(r+s6 s+( s!r%?
] Cine *re+ s6 +iB6 $(Ac)i !(%ernici %reB(ie s6 i+ s(!"i$en%e
!r%eice?
] Une"e !r%eine s(n% cnsider+%e de c+"i%+%e B(n6, +"%e"e de c+"i%+%e
$+i s"+B6W ce =nse+$n6 +ce+s%+?
] Din ce B.in *e/e%+rienii !r%eine"e?
] C!iii *e/e%+rieni !% creA%e cres!(nC6%r Ai #6r6 +!r% de
!r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6?
L+ B+C+ $("%r+ din +ces%e =n%reB6ri Ai !rec(!6ri c$(ne s%6
cn*in/ere+ (r$6%+reI c+rne+ es%e !r%ein6, i+r !r%ein+ es%e c+rne.
Ace+s%6 cn*in/ere !r*ine din #+!%(" c6 s(#"e%("> +"i$en%e"r de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 es%e !r%ein+. Din $("%e !rd(se de c+rne s+(
!rd(se "+c%+%e !(%e$ =nde!6r%+ /r6si$e+, =ns6 cee+ ce r6$7ne es%e
%% c+rne Ai !rd(se "+c%+%e. D+ce$ +ces% "(cr( $ere(, Ai cee+ ce
+*e$ es%e c+rne c7% $+i $+cr6 Ai "+!%e s$7n%7ni%. =ns6 d+c6
=nde!6r%6$ !r%eine"e din +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, n( ne
r6$7ne ni$ic c+re s6 se$ene c( ri/in+"(". O #"eic6 ne!r%eic6, de
!i"d6, +r #i d+r B6"%+c6 de +!6, /r6si$e Ai c+n%i%+%e $ic6 de
*i%+$ine Ai $iner+"e. Cine +r $7nc+ +A+ ce*+? Pe sc(r%, d+c6 *re$
c+ (n +"i$en% s6 #ie rec(nsc(% c+ +"i$en% de ri/ine +ni$+"6, +%(nci
e" %reB(ie s6 cn.in6 !r%eine. Pr%eine"e cns%i%(ie e"e$en%(" de
B+C6 +" +"i$en%e"r de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
Pri$ii s+*+n.i, c($ +r #i C+ri 2i% FJRQJ8JO:RG, (n ren($i%
cerce%6%r /er$+n, +( #s% !r$%ri #ide"i +i !r%eine"r. 2i% +
desc!eri% c6 $("> +re ne*ie de d+r PR,L / !e Ci, =ns6 c( %+%e
+ces%e+ e" + rec$+nd+% c+n%i%+%e #+r%e $+re, Ai +n($e de JJR
/r+$e !e Ci, din c+(C+ in#"(en.e"r c("%(r+"e +"e *re$ii. Pr%ein+
=nse$n+ c+rne, Ai %+%6 "($e+ +s!ir+ "+ + +*e+ c+rne !e $+s6, +A+
c($ ni +s!ir6$ s6 +*e$ c+se $+i $+ri Ai $+Aini $+i r+!ide. 2i% +
in%(i% c6 n( !.i +*e+ !re+ $("% din%r8(n "(cr( B(n.
2i% + cn%in(+% s6 #ie $en%r(" $+i $("%r cerce%6%ri ren($i.i
de "+ =nce!(%(" sec"("(i UU, !rin%re c+re M+< R(Bner[FJRLP8JOQ9G
Ai 4. O. A%3+%er FJRPP8JO:;G. A$7ndi +ceA%i s%(den.i +( (r$+%
s#+%(ri"e !r#es r("(i "r. R(Bner + +#ir$+% c6 +!r%(" de !r%eine,
+dic6 de c+rne, cns%i%(i+ (n si$B" +" ci*i"iC+.iei =n sineI !r.ie
$+re de !r%eine es%e dre!%(" (n(i $ ci*i"iC+%>. A%3+%er + $ers $+i
de!+r%e Ai + r/+niC+% !ri$(" "+Br+%r de n(%ri.ie din c+dr("
De!+r%+$en%("(i !en%r( A/ric("%(r6 +" S%+%e"r Uni%e FUSDAG. C+
direc%r +" USD A, e" + rec$+nd+% J9L /r+$e !e Ci F+c($ s(n%
rec$+nd+%e d+r LL /r+$e !e CiG. M+i %7rCi( *$ *ede+ c7% de
i$!r%+n% + #s% +ces% !receden% !en%r( +ce+s%6 +/en.ie
/(*ern+$en%+"6.
O in#"(en.6 c("%(r+"6 + +'(ns s6 #ie !(%ernic +!6r+%6. D+c6 er+i
ci*i"iC+%, $7ne+i $("%e !r%eine. D+c6 er+i B/+%, $7ne+i c+rne, i+r
d+c6 er+i s6r+c $7ne+i =n !rinci!+" +"i$en%e *e/e%+"e, c($ +r #i
c+r%#ii Ai !7ine+. C"+se"e de 's er+( cnsider+%e de (nii c+ #iind
"eneAe Ai ne!(%inci+se din c+(C6 c6 n( $7nc+( s(#icien%6 c+$e,
+dic6 !r%ein6. E"i%is$(" Ai +r/+n.+ d$in+( =n $+re !+r%e
d$eni(" n(%ri.iei +#"+% "+ =nce!(%(ri"e s+"e =n sec"(" +" U"U8"e+.
=n%re/(" cnce!%, c( c7% $+i $("% c( +%7% $+i Bine, $+i ci*i"iC+% Ai
!+%e c)i+r Ai $+i s!iri%(+", !6%r(nde+ =n +!r+!e #iec+re /7nd c(
re#erire "+ !r%eine.
M+'r McC+y, (n ren($i% $edic en/"eC de "+ =nce!(%("
sec"("(i UU, ne8+ #eri% (n(" din ce"e $+i ne#erici%e s!ec%+c"e =n
c+dr(" +ces%ei is%rii. Medic(" McC+y se +#"+ =n Indi+ +n("(i JOJ9,
!e c7nd +ce+s%+ er+ c"nie en/"eC6, !en%r( + iden%i#ic+ B6rB+.i
B(ni "(!%6%ri din %riB(ri"e indiene. Prin%re +"%e "(cr(ri,
e" s(s.ine+ c6 +$enii c+re cns($+( $+i !(.ine !r%eine er+( s"+Bi
din !(nc% de *edere #iCic Ai c6 "i!s6 e*iden%6 de B6rB6.ie er+ %%
cee+ ce se !(%e+ +A%e!%+ de "+ ei>.
INSIST=NJA/U*:=NJA KN E=D=*=A CALITLJII
Pr%eine"e, /r6si$i"e, )idr+.ii de c+rBn Ai +"c"(" #(rniCe+C6
!r+c%ic %+%e c+"rii"e !e c+re "e cns($6$. Gr6si$i"e, )idr+.ii de
c+rBn Ai !r%eine"e, c+ $+crn(%rien.i, cns%i%(ie ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e
+ )r+nei, !e "7n/6 +!6, res%(" #iind c+n%i%6.i #+r%e $ici de *i%+$ine Ai
$iner+"e, ce cns%i%(ie $icrn(%rien.i. C+n%i%6.i"e de 0$crn(%rien.i
neces+re !en%r( s6n6%+%e !%i$6 s(n% $in(sc("e F$i"i/r+$e !7n6 "+
$icr/r+$eG.
Pr%eine"e, ce"e $+i s+cre din%re %.i n(%rien%ii, s(n%
c$!nen%e *i%+"e !en%r( r/+nis$(" ns%r( Ai e<is%6 =n s(%e de $ii
de *+ri+n%e. E"e #(nc.ine+C6 c+ enCi$e, )r$ni, .es(% s%r(c%(r+" Ai
$"ec("e de %r+ns!r% i+r %+%e +ces%e+ #+c c+ *i+.+ s6 #ie !siBi"6.
Pr%eine"e s(n% +"c6%(i%e c+ "+n.(ri de s(%e Ai $ii de +$in+ciCi c+re,
"+ r7nd(" "r, s(n% de cincis!reCece !7n6 "+ d(6Ceci de %i!(ri, =n
#(nc.ie de #e"(" c($ s(n% sc%i.i. Pr%eine"e se (Ce+C6 =n $d
re/("+% Ai %reB(ie s6 #ie =n"c(i%e. Aces% "(cr( se re+"iCe+C6
cns($7nd +"i$en%e c+re cn.in !r%eine. C7nd s(n% di/er+%e, +ces%e
!r%eine #er6 n(6 +!r*iCin+re c( c6r6$iCi 8 +$in+ciCi, ce *r
#i (%i"iC+%e =n !rd(cere+ de !r%eine ni, =n"c(i%+re + ce"r (C+%e.
Se s!(ne c6 !r%eine"e din di#eri%e +"i$en%e +( c+"i%6.i di#eri%e, =n
#(nc.ie de #e"(" =n c+re #(rniCe+C6 +$in+ciCii neces+ri (%i"iC+.i
!en%r( + =n"c(i !r%eine"e din r/+nis$(" ns%r(.
Aces% !rces de deC+s+$B"+re Ai re+s+$B"+re + +$in+ciCi"r
din !r%eine es%e c+ Ai c7nd cine*+ ne8+r d+ (n Air de $6r/e"e
$("%ic"re !en%r( + =n"c(i (n *ec)i Air de $6r/e"e !e c+re "8+$
!ierd(%. T%(Ai, $6r/e"e"e c"r+%e din Air(" ns%r( n( se +#"6 =n
+cee+Ai rdine c+ =n ce" !e c+re "8+$ !ierd(%. AA+ c6 r(!e$ Air(" Ai
+d(n6$ $6r/e"e"e. A!i recns%r(i$ Air(" ns%r( +s%#e" c+ $6r/e"e"e
c"r+%e s6 #ie =n +cee+Ai rdine c+ =n ce" !e c+re "8+$ !ierd(%. D+r,
d+c6 ne "i!sesc, de e<e$!"(, $6r/e"e"e de c("+re +"B+s%r6, re#+cere+
n("(i Air es%e =nce%ini%6 s+( c)i+r !ri%6 !7n6 c7nd #+ce$ rs% de
$6r/e"e +"B+s%re. L+ #e" s%+( "(cr(ri"e Ai +%(nci c7nd %reB(ie re#6c(%e
ni .es(%(ri din !r%eine c+re s6 cres!(nd6 c( !r%eine"e n+s%re
c+re s8+( (C+%.
A!r<i$+%i* !% +$in+ciCi F$6r/e"e c"r+%e>G c+re s(n%
neces+ri !en%r( + +"c6%(i !r%eine"e din .es(%(ri"e n+s%re %reB(ie
#(rniC+.i !rin )r+n+ !e c+re cns($6$. Ei s(n% n($i.i esen.i+"i>
#iindc6 r/+nis$(" ns%r( n( =i !+%e !rd(ce. D+c6, "+ #e" c+ =n
c+C(" c( Air(" ns%r( de $6r/e"e, din )r+n+ n+s%r6 "i!seA%e c)i+r Ai
n($+i (n(" din +ceA%i !% +$in+ciCi esen.i+"i>, +%(nci sin%eC+ de
ni !r%eine *+ #i =nce%ini%6 s+( !ri%6. Aici in%er*ine idee+ de c+"i%+%e
+ !r%eine"r. Pr%eine"e +"i$en%+re de ce+ $+i =n+"%6 c+"i%+%e s(n%
+ce"e+ c+re, #+r%e si$!"(, #(rniCe+C6 =n !rces(" di/es%iei #e"(ri"e Ai
c+n%i%6.i"e cres!(nC6%+re de +$in+ciCi neces+ri !en%r( + sin%e%iC+
=n $d e#icien% ni"e n+s%re !r%eine %is("+re. Aces%+ es%e sens("
+de*6r+% +" c(*7n%("(i c+"i%+%e> 8Ai +n($e c+!+ci%+%e+ !r%eine"r
din +"i$en%e de + #(rniC+ %i!(ri"e Ai c+n%i%6.i"e cres!(nC6%+re de
+$in+ciCi !en%r( + !rd(ce ni !r%eine =n r/+nis$(" ns%r(.
G)ici.i +re ce +"i$en%e +$ !(%e+ $7nc+, +"i$en%e c+re s6
#(rniCeCe =n $d(" ce" $+i e#icien% c6r6$iCi"e !en%r( =n"c(ire+
!r%eine"r n+s%re?
R6s!(ns(" es%eI c+rne+ ($+n6. Pr%ein+ +ces%ei+ +re c+n%i%+%e+
cres!(nC6%+re de +$in+ciCi neces+ri. D+r, c($ se$enii nA%ri n(
s(n% de $7nc+%, rec(r/e$ "+ (r$6%+re"e"e ce"e $+i B(ne !r%eine>,
cns($7nd !r%eine +ni$+"e. Pr%eine"e +ni$+"e s(n% #+r%e
+se$6n6%+re !r%eine"r n+s%re de+rece, =n $+'ri%+%e, e"e +(
c+n%i%6.i"e !%ri*i%e din +$in+ciCii neces+ri. Aces%e !r%eine !% #i
(%i"iC+%e #+r%e e#icien% Ai de +cee+ s(n% n($i%e de B(n6 c+"i%+%e>.
Din%re +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, !r%eine"e din "+!%e Ai (6
re!reCin%6 cei $+i B(ni +$in+ciCi c+re se !%ri*esc c( !r%eine"e
n+s%re, Ai s(n% +s%#e" cnsider+%e de ce+ $+i B(n6 c+"i%+%e. =n %i$! ce
!r%eine"e *e/e%+"e de c+"i%+%e $+i s"+B6> s8+r !(%e+ s6 #ie de#ici%+re
=n%r8(n(i s+( $+i $(".i din +$in+ciCii esen.i+"i, +ces%e+ =i cn.in !e
%.i.
Cnce!%(" re#eri%r "+ c+"i%+%e se re#er6 c( +de*6r+% "+ e#icien.+
c( c+re !r%eine"e din +"i$en%e s(n% (%i"iC+%e !en%r( + !r$*+
creA%ere+. Aces% "(cr( +r #i =n rdine d+c6 ce+ $+i $+re e#icien.6 +r
=nse$n+ Ai ce+ $+i B(n6 s%+re de s6n6%+%e, =ns6 "(cr(ri"e n( s%+( +A+,
Ai i+%6 de ce %er$eni c+ e#icien.6 Ai c+"i%+%e s(n% =nAe"6%ri. De #+!%, c+
s6 *6 #+ce.i idee de cee+ ce (r$e+C6, e<is%6 (n $(n%e de s%(dii
c+!%i*+n%e c+re de$ns%re+C6 c6 proteinele vegetale de s"+B6
c+"i%+%e>, c+re "(cre+C6 sin%eC6 "en%6 d+r si/(r6 Ai cns%+n%6 + ni"r
!r%eine, cns%i%(ie cel mai s'n'tos tip de proteine. Ce"e "en%e d+r
cns%+n%e c7A%i/6 c(rs+. C+"i%+%e+ !r%eine"r +#"+%e =n%r8(n +n($i%
+"i$en% es%e e*+"(+%6 !rin *i%eC+ c( c+re cresc +ni$+"e"e c+re "e
cns($6. Une"e +"i$en%e, Ai +n($e ce"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, se
i$!(n !rin%r8(n r+!r% Ai *+"+re #+r%e $+re + e#icien.ei !r%eice.
Ace+s%6 cncen%r+re +s(!r+ e#icien.ei =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e
creA%ere+ r/+nis$("(i, c+ Ai c7nd +r #i *rB+ de B(n6 s6n6%+%e,
=nc(r+'e+C6 cns($(" de !r%eine de ce+ $+i B(n6 c+"i%+%e>. AA+
c($ *8+r s!(ne rice c$erci+n%, (n !rd(s !r$*+% c+ +*7nd
B(n6 c+"i%+%e c7A%i/6 i$edi+% =ncredere+ c"ien.i"r. Ti$! de $+i Bine
de J:: de +ni +$ #s% sc"+*ii +ces%(i "i$B+' =nAe"6%r Ai +deseri +$
+'(ns s6 /7ndi$ =n $d ne#erici% c6 $+i $("%6 c+"i%+%e =nse+$n6 $+i
$("%6 s6n6%+%e.
B+C+ !en%r( +ces% cnce!% de c+"i%+%e + !r%eine"r n( + #s%
Bine c(nsc(%6 de c6%re !(B"ic, =ns6 i$!+c%(" s6( + #s% Ai es%e =nc6
#+r%e $+re. De !i"d6, +$enii c+re se )%6r6sc s6 #"se+sc6
+"i$en%+.ie *e/e%+ri+n6 =n%re+B6 +dese+, c)i+r Ai =n Ci"e"e n+s%reI
De (nde =$i B.in !r%eine"e?> c+ Ai c7nd !"+n%e"e n( +r +*e+
!r%eine. C)i+r d+c6 se A%ie c6 !"+n%e"e cn.in !r%eine, e<is%6 =nc6
=n/ri'r+re c( !ri*ire "+ c+"i%+%e+ +ces%r+, c+re es%e !erce!(%6 c+
#iind s"+B6. Ace+s%+ i8+ #6c(% !e +$eni s6 cre+d6 c6 ei %reB(ie s6
c$Bine =n $d $e%ic("s !r%eine din di#eri%e s(rse *e/e%+"e "+
#iec+re $+s6, c+ +s%#e" s6 se c$!enseCe de#ici%(" de +$in+ciCi +"
ce"r"+"%e. Ace+s%+ es%e %%(Ai e<+/er+re. =n !reCen% se c(n+A%e c6
!rin sis%e$e $e%+B"ice #+r%e c$!"e<e, r/+nis$(" $enesc !+%e
B.ine %.i +$in+ciCii esen.i+"i din *+rie%+%e+ n+%(r+"6 de !r%eine
*e/e%+"e !e c+re "e +*e$ =n #iec+re Ci. N( es%e ne*ie s6 $7nc6$
c+n%i%6.i $+i $+ri de !r%eine *e/e%+"e s+( s6
!"+ni#ic6$ =n $d $e%ic("s #iec+re $+s6. Din ne#ericire =ns6,
cnce!%(" e<is%en% "e/+% de c+"i%+%e+ !r%eine"r + .in(% =n ($Br6 =n
$+re $6s(r6 +ces%e in#r$+.ii.
LIPSA PROTEINELOR
Ce+ $+i i$!r%+n%6 !rB"e$6 =n n(%ri.ie Ai +/ric("%(r6 =n
!eri+d+ de =nce!(% + c+rierei $e"e er+ /6sire+ c6i"r !en%r(
creA%ere+ cns($("(i de !r%eine, +*7nd cer%i%(dine+ c6 s(n% de ce+
$+i B(n6 c+"i%+%e !siBi"6, =$!re(n6 c( c"e/ii $ei, %.i crede+$ =n
+ce+s%6 .in%6 c$(n6. De c7nd $6 +#"+$ "+ #er$6 Ai !7n6 c7nd $i8
+$ +Bs"*i% s%(dii"e, +$ +cce!%+% +ce+s%6 *ir%(+"6 re*eren.6 #+.6 de
!r%eine. Din c!i"6rie =$i +$in%esc c6 #(r+'e"e ce"e $+i sc($!e
!en%r( +ni$+"e er+( s(!"i$en%e"e !r%eice c( c+re ne )r6ne+$ *i%e"e
Ai !rcii. A!i, d(!6 +Bs"*ire, +$ !e%rec(% %rei +ni FJOLR8JOSJG
#6c7nd s%(dii =n *edere+ dc%r+%("(i, !rin c+re +$ =ncerc+% s6
=$B(n6%6.esc +!r%(" de !r%eine de c+"i%+%e B(n6, cresc7nd *i%e"e Ai
i"e c7% $+i e#icien% !en%r( + !(%e+ cns($+ c7% $+i $("% din e"e.>
=n %+%6 !eri+d+ +cee+, de =nc)eiere + s%(dii"r, +*e+$
cn*in/ere+ !r#(nd6 c6 !r$*+re+ !r%eine"r de c+"i%+%e B(n6,
c($ s(n% ce"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, cns%i%(i+ s+rcin6 #+r%e
i$!r%+n%6. S%(dii"e $e"e din !eri+d+ +Bs"*irii, deAi ci%+%e de
c7%e*+ ri =n (r$6%r(" deceni(, cns%i%(i+( d+r $ic6 !+r%e din
c+dr(" (nr e#r%(ri $("% $+i *+s%e #6c(%e de +"%e /r(!(ri de
cerce%6%ri c( sc!(" de + +Brd+ si%(+.ii din =n%re+/+ "($e (nde
!r%eine"e c(!+( "c(" cen%r+". =n +nii JOS: Ai JO;: +*e+$ s6 +(d
%% $+i des des!re +A+8Cis+ "i!s6 + !r%eine"r> din .6ri"e =n c(rs de
deC*"%+re.-
Cnce!%(" +ces%+ de "i!s6 + !r%eine"r> s%i!("+ c6 #+$e%e+
din "($e Ai $+"n(%ri.i+ e<is%en%6 "+ c!iii din "($e+ + %rei+ er+(
(r$+re+ #+!%("(i c6 n( +*e+( s(#icien%e !r%eine =n +"i$en%+.ie, =n
s!eci+" din ce"e de c+"i%+%e B(n6 F+dic6 +ni$+"eG.
J
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> Cn#r$ +ces%(i
!(nc% de *edere, ce"r din "($e+ + %rei+ "e "i!se+( =n s!eci+" !r%eine
de c+"i%+%e B(n6>, s+( !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6. A( =nce!(% s6 se
#+c6 !es%e
%% !riec%e !en%r( + +Brd+ +ce+s%6 !rB"e$6 + "i!sei !r%eine"r>.
Un !r#esr de ren($e de "+ MIT =$!re(n6 c( c"e/(" "(i $+i %7n6r
+( +'(ns "+ cnc"(Ci+, =n JO;S, c6 (n +!r% cres!(nC6%r de
!r%eine cns%i%(ie +s!ec%(" cen%r+" +" !rB"e$ei +"i$en%+.iei =n
"($e>
L
Ai, $+i de!+r%e, c6, d+c6 n( s(n% Fs(!"i$en%+%eG... c( c+n%i%6.i
$des%e de "+!%e, (6, c+rne s+( !eA%e, die%e"e !red$in+n% !e B+C6
de cere+"e F+"e n+.i(ni"r s6r+ceG s(n%... de#ici%+re =n !r%eine !en%r(
creA%ere+ c!ii"r...>. Pen%r( + reC"*+ +ce+s%6 si%(+.ie c($!"i%6I
] MIT + e"+Br+% (n s(!"i$en% +"i$en%+r B/+% =n !r%eine n($i%
INCA8PARINA.
] Uni*ersi%+%e+ P(rd(e + c("%i*+% !r($B c+re cn.ine+ $+i $("%6
"isin6, +$in+cid(" de#ici%+r> =n !r%eine"e din !r($B.
] G(*ern(" SUA + s(B*en.in+% !rd(c.i+ de "+!%e !r+# !en%r(
+ #eri !r%eine de c+"i%+%e B(n6 s6r+ci"r "($ii.
] Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i + %ri$is s!eci+"iA%i =n Di"i!ine =n e#r%("
de + c("%i*+ (n si de reC c( !r%ein6 de c+"i%+%e B(n6 Ai
!en%r( + deC*"%+ C%e)ni+.
] Uni*ersi%+%e+ A(B(rn Ai MIT +( $6cin+% !eA%e !en%r( + !rd(ce
cncen%r+%e !r%eice din !eA%e> !en%r( + )r6ni s6r+cii !"+ne%ei.
N+.i(ni"e Uni%e, Pr/r+$(" G(*ern("(i SUA 8 A"i$en%e !en%r(
P_+ce, (ni*ersi%6.i de ren($e Ai nen($6r+%e +"%e r/+niC+.ii Ai
(ni*ersi%6.i s8+( +"6%(r+% +ces%ei B6%6"ii !en%r( er+dic+re+ #+$e%ei
din "($e !rin !r%eine de c+"i%+%e B(n6. A$ c(nsc(% =nde+!r+!e
$+'ri%+%e+ +ces%r !riec%e, c7% Ai !ers+ne"e c+re "e8+( r/+niC+% Ai
cnd(s.
Or/+niC+.i+ !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai A/ric("%(r6 FDd +nd
A/ric("%(re Or/+niC+%in, DAOG d$ c+dr(" ONU e<erci%6
cnsider+Bi"6 in#"(en.6 =n .6ri"e =n c(rs de deC*"%+re !rin
!r/r+$e"e "r de deC*"%+re + +/ric("%(rii. Di din%re $e$Brii
+ces%ei+
S
+( dec"+r+% =n JO;: c6 ... =n /ener+", "i!s+ !r%eine"r
cns%i%(ie #6r6 =ndi+"6 ce+ $+i /r+*6 de#icien.6
c+"i%+%i*6 din +"i$en%+.i+ .6ri"r =n c(rs de deC*"%+re. M+re+ $+s6 +
!!("+.iei din +ces%e .6ri s(!r+*ie.(ieA%e =n !rinci!+" c( +"i$en%e ce
!r*in din !"+n%e, #rec*en% de#ici%+re =n !r%eine, cee+ ce +re c+
(r$+re s6n6%+%e !rec+r6 Ai s"+B6 !rd(c%i*i%+%e + $(ncii.> M.
A(%re%, (n $ #+r%e in#"(en% din c+dr(" DAO, + +d6(/+% c6 din
c+(C+ +"i$en%+.iei s6r+ce =n !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai "i!sei
di*ersi%6.ii =n +"i$en%+.ie F=n .6ri"e =n c(rs de deC*"%+reG c+"i%+%e+
!r%eine"r es%e nes+%is#6c6%+re.>
P
R+!r%(" s6( se B+C+ !e #+r%e
!(%ernic6 +sciere =n%re cns($(" de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai
*eni%(" +n(+". A(%re% s(s.ine+ c( %6rie creA%ere+ !rd(c.iei Ai +
cns($("(i de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 c( sc!(" de + *eni =n
=n%7$!in+re+ "i!sei de !r%eine> din "($e. E" + s(s.in(% de
+se$ene+ c6 %+%e res(rse"e A%iin.i#ice Ai %e)n"/ice %reB(ie
$Bi"iC+%e !en%r( + cre+ ni +"i$en%e B/+%e =n !r%eine s+( !en%r( +
se B.ine ce"e $+i $+ri Bene#icii din res(rse"e ins(#icien% (%i"iC+%e
!7n6 +c($ =n )r6nire+ $enirii>
Br(ce S%i""in/s de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ din M+ry"+nd Ai
De!+r%+$en%(" !en%r( C$er. +" S%+%e"r Uni%e, (n +"% s(s.in6%r +"
die%e"r de !r*enien.6 +ni$+"6 + +d$is =n JO;Q c6 deAi n( e<is%6 =n
esen.6 cerin.e !en%r( !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 =n +"i$en%+.ie,
c+n%i%+%e+ de !r%eine din s(rse +ni$+"e din die%6 es%e de Bicei
+cce!%+%6 c+ #iind (n indici( +" c+"i%6.ii !r%eine"r !er %%+" din
+"i$en%+.ie>.
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E" + cn%in(+% s!(n7nd c6 ... #(rniC+re+ de c+n%i%6.i
cres!(nC6%+re de !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 es%e =n /ener+"
rec(nsc(%6 c+ #iind c+"e ide+"6 de + =$B(n6%6.i +"i$en%+re+ c(
!r%eine + !!("+.iei "($ii>.
Desi/(r, es%e c)i+r crec% s6 s!(ne$ c6 #(rniC+re+ de !r%eine
!+%e #i c+"e i$!r%+n%6 de + =$B(n6%6.i +"i$en%+.i+ din .6ri"e "($ii
+ %rei+, =n s!eci+" d+c6 !!("+.ii"e +ces%r+ =Ai i+( %+%e c+"rii"e
din%r8 sin/(r6 s(rs6 *e/e%+"6, =ns6 n( es%e sin/(r+ c+"e Ai, +A+ c($
*$ *ede+, n( es%e =n $d neces+r c+"e+ ce+ $+i !%ri*i%6 =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e s6n6%+%e+ !e %er$en "(n/.
ALI/=NTAJIA CG(IILG*
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A%iin.e"e #(nd+$en%+"e> 8 Bi"/i+, c)i$i+ Ai #iCic+ 8 s%+Bi"ire+ (nr
d*eCi +Bs"(%e =n $edicin6 Ai s6n6%+%e es%e (n "(cr( +!r+!e
i$!siBi". OBiec%i*(" !rinci!+" +" in*es%i/+.iei =n cerce%+re es%e +ce"+
de + de%er$in+ d+r cee+ ce es%e !rB+Bi" + #i +de*6r+%. Ace+s%+
de+rece cerce%+re+ =n d$eni(" s6n6%6.ii es%e ineren% s%+%is%ic6. C7nd
+r(nci $in/e =n s(s, *+ +'(n/e +ce+s%+ 's? D+, de #iec+re d+%6.
Ace+s%+ e #iCic6. D+c6 #($eCi !+%r( !+c)e%e de .i/6ri !e Ci, s6 #+ci
c+ncer "+ !"6$7ni? R6s!(ns(" es%eI !+%e. Ni A%i$ c6 A+nse"e de +
#+ce c+ncer "+ !"6$7ni s(n% $("% $+i $+ri dec7% d+c6 n( +i #i #($+%
Ai =.i !(%e$ s!(ne c+re s(n% +ce"e A+nse Fs%+%is%icG, =ns6 n( !(%e$ A%i
c( e<+c%i%+%e d+c6 %( c+ indi*id *ei #+ce c+ncer "+ !"6$7ni.
=n s%(di(" n(%ri.iei, c"+ri#ic+re+ re"+.iei din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai
s6n6%+%e n( es%e +%7% de direc%6. O+$enii =Ai %r6iesc *i+.+ =n di#eri%e
#e"(ri, +( $A%eniri /ene%ice di#eri%e Ai $6n7nc6 di#eri%. Li$i%6ri"e
e<!eri$en%+"e c($ +r #i !iedici"e "e/+%e de cs%(ri, cns%r7n/eri"e
"e/+%e de %i$! Ai $6s(r+re+ errii cns%i%(ie Bs%+c"e se$ni#ic+%i*e.
P+%e Ai $+i i$!r%+n% dec7% +ces%e +s!ec%e, +"i$en%+.i+, s%i"(" de
*i+.6 Ai s6n6%+%e+ in%er+c.ine+C6 !rin sis%e$e +%7% de c$!"e<e, c(
+%7% de $("%e #+.e%e, =nc7% s%+Bi"ire+ de d*eCi !en%r( #iec+re #+c%r =n
!+r%e Ai !en%r( #iec+re B+"6 es%e +!r+!e i$!siBi"6, c)i+r d+c6 +i #i
+*(% se%(" !er#ec% de s(Biec.i, %i$! ne"i$i%+% Ai res(rse #in+nci+re
ne"i$i%+%e.
Din c+(C+ +ces%r di#ic("%6.i, ni #+ce$ cerce%+re #"sind $+i
$("%e s%r+%e/ii di#eri%e. =n (ne"e c+C(ri e*+"(6$ d+c6 c+(C6
i!%e%ic6 !rd(ce (n e#ec% i!%e%ic Bser*7nd Ai $6s(r7nd di#eren.e"e
c+re e<is%6 de'+ =n%re di#eri%e /r(!(ri de +$eni. P(%e$ Bser*+ Ai
c$!+r+ scie%6.i c+re cns($6 di#eri%e c+n%i%6.i de /r6si$e, +!i
Bser*+ d+c6 +ces%e di#eren.e cres!(nd (nr di#eren.e si$i"+re
r+!r%+%e "+ c+ncer de s7n s+( s%e!rC6 s+( +"%e B"i. P(%e$
Bser*+ Ai c$!+r+
c+r+c%eris%ici"e +"i$en%+re +"e +$eni"r c+re +( de'+ B+"+ #6c7nd
c$!+r+.ie c( (n /r(! de +$eni c+re n( +( B+"+. P(%e$ Bser*+ Ai
c$!+r+ r+%+ B"ii =n JOL:, c( ce+ din JOO:, Ai +!i Bser*+ d+c6
$di#ic6ri"e =n r+%+ B"ii cres!(nd (nr sc)i$B6ri =n +"i$en%+.ie.
Pe "7n/6 o*servarea + cee+ ce de'+ e<is%6, ni !(%e$ #+ce
e<!eri$en%e Ai in%er*eni =n $d in%en.in+% c( (n %r+%+$en% i!%e%ic
!en%r( + *ede+ ce se =n%7$!"6. In%er*eni$, de e<e$!"(, +%(nci c7nd
%es%6$ si/(r+n.+ Ai e#ic+ci%+%e+ $edic+$en%e"r. Un(i /r(! de
+$eni i se d6 $edic+$en%(", i+r (n(i +" di"e+ /r(! i se d6 (n
!"+ceB F s(Bs%+n.6 in+c%i*6 ce se+$6n6 c( $edic+$en%(", !en%r( c+
!+cien%(" s6 #ie cn*ins c6 e s(B %r+%+$en%G. In%er*enire+ !rin die%6
es%e %%(Ai c( $("% $+i di#ici"6, =n s!eci+" d+c6 +$enii n( s(n%
in%ern+.i =n%r8 c"inic6, !en%r( c6 +%(nci %reB(ie s6 ne BiC(i$ !e #+!%("
c6 +ceA%i+ res!ec%6 die%+ s!eci#ic+%6.
Pe $6s(r6 ce #+ce$ +ce+s%6 cerce%+re B+C+%6 !e Bser*+re Ai
in%er*en.ie, =nce!e$ s6 s%r7n/e$ "+"+"%6 desc!eriri"e Ai s6 c7n%6ri$
d*eCi"e !en%r( s+( =$!%ri*+ +n($i%r i!%eCe. C7nd /re(%+%e+ (nei
d*eCi es%e =n #+*+re+ (nei idei +%7% de !(%ernic =nc7% n( $+i !+%e
#i ne/+%6 =n $d !"+(CiBi", +%(nci +*+ns6$ idee+ (n(i +de*6r
!rB+Bi". =n +ces% #e" +$ "(cr+% e( c( +r/($en%e"e =n #+*+re+ (nei
die%e B+C+%e !e +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. C7nd ci%i.i =n
cn%in(+re, #i.i cnA%ien.i c6 +cei+ c+re c+(%6 d*eCi +Bs"(%e !en%r(
n(%ri.ie !%i$6 d+r =n%r8(n(i s+( d(6 s%(dii, *r #i deC+$6/i.i Ai
der(%+.i. D+r e( s(n% cn*ins c6 +cei+ c+re c+(%6 +de*6r(" c( !ri*ire
"+ die%6 Ai s6n6%+%e cerce%7nd d*eCi din%r8 *+rie%+%e de s%(dii
dis!niBi"e *r #i (i$i.i Ai "($in+.i. S(n% $+i $("%e idei c+re %reB(ie
+*(%e =n *edere +%(nci c7nd se de%er$in6 /re(%+%e+ d*eCii, inc"(si*
ce"e !reCen%+%e =n cn%in(+re.
CG*=LA*= E=*SUS CAUSALITAT=
=n $("%e s%(dii *e.i desc!eri c6 e<!resii"e cre"+re Ai +sciere
s(n% #"si%e !en%r( + descrie re"+.ie =n%re di #+c%ri, !+%e c)i+r
indic7nd re"+.ie c+(C68e#ec%. Ace+s%6 idee es%e c+r+c%eris%ic6
esen.i+"6 =n S%(di(" C)in+. Ni +$ Bser*+% d+c6
+( e<is%+% %i!+re de +sciere !en%r( di#eri%e c+r+c%eris%ici +"i$en%+re,
de s%i" de *i+.6 Ai B+"6 =n c+dr(" in*es%i/+.iei !e c+re +$ #6c(%8 =n
SL de dis%ric%e, JQ: de s+%e Ai !e SL:S +d(".i Ai #+$i"ii"e "r. D+c6
in/es%i+ de !r%eine es%e $+i $+re, de e<e$!"(, "+ !!("+.ii"e c+re
+( inciden.6 $+re + c+ncer("(i de #ic+%, +%(nci !(%e$ s!(ne c6
!r%eine"e se cre"e+C6 !Ci%i* s+( se +sci+C6 c( inciden.+
c+ncer("(i de #ic+%W d+c6 (n #+c%r creA%e, Ai ce"6"+"% creA%e. D+c6
+!r%(" de !r%eine es%e $+i $+re I+ !!("+.ii"e c+re +( inciden.6
red(s6 + c+ncer("(i de #ic+%, +%(nci s!(ne$ c6 !r%eine"e s(n%
+sci+%e in*ers c( inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de #ic+%. C( +"%e c(*in%e, cei
di #+c%ri $er/ =n direc.ie !(s6W c7nd (n(" (rc6, ce"6"+"% cB+r6.
=n e<e$!"(" ns%r( i!%e%ic, d+c6 !r%eine"e s(n% cre"+%e c(
inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de #ic+%, +ce+s%+ n( d*edeA%e c6 !r%eine"e
!rd(c s+( !re*in c+ncer(" de #ic+%. O i"(s%r+.ie c"+sic6 + +ces%ei
di#ic("%6.iI .6ri"e c+re +( $+i $(".i s%7"!i de %e"e#n +( +dese+
inciden.6 $+i $+re + B"i"r de ini$6 Ai $("%e +"%e B"i. De +cee+,
s%7"!ii de %e"e#n Ai B"i"e de ini$6 s(n% cre"+%e !Ci%i*. =ns6 +ce+s%+
n( d*edeA%e c6 s%7"!ii de %e"e#n !rd(c B"i"e de ini$6. C+ e#ec%,
cre"+re+ n( es%e +ce"+Ai "(cr( c( c+(C+re+.
Ace+s%+ n( =nse+$n6 %%(Ai c6 %reB(ie s6 cnsider6$ cre"6ri"e c+
#iind ce*+ in(%i". C7nd s(n% in%er!re%+%e cres!(nC6%r, cre"6ri"e !%
#i (%i"iC+%e e#icien% !en%r( + s%(di+ re"+.ii"e din%re n(%ri.ie Ai s6n6%+%e.
S%(di(" C)in+, de e<e$!"(, c(!rinde !es%e R::: de cre"6ri s%+%is%ice
se$ni#ic+%i*e, Ai +ces%e+ +( *+"+re e<%r+rdin+r6. C7nd +%7% de
$("%e cre"6ri de #e"(" +ces%+ s(n% dis!niBi"e, +%(nci cerce%6%rii !%
=nce!e s6 iden%i#ice %i!+re de re"+.ii =n%re +"i$en%+.ie, s%i" de *i+.6 Ai
B+"6. Aces%e %i!+re, "+ r7nd(" "r, s(n% re!reCen%+%i*e !en%r( #e"(" =n
c+re #(nc.ine+C6 c( +de*6r+% !rcese"e "e/+%e de +"i$en%+.ie Ai
s6n6%+%e, c+re s(n% neBiAn(i% de c$!"e<e. C( %+%e +ces%e+, d+c6
cine*+ *re+ s6 de$ns%reCe c6 (n sin/(r #+c%r !+%e d(ce "+ (n
sin/(r reC("%+%, cre"+re n( es%e s(#icien%6.
SEMNIDICAIA STATISTICX
S8+r !(%e+ s6 crede.i c6 e ce*+ (Ar s6 s!(i d+c6 di #+c%ri
s(n% s+( n( cre"+.i 8 !en%r( c6 ri s(n%, ri n( s(n%. L(cr(ri"e =ns6
n( s%+( +s%#e". C7nd e<+$ineCi $+re c+n%i%+%e de d+%e, %reB(ie s6
=n%re!rinCi +n+"iC6 s%+%is%ic6 !en%r( + de%er$in+ d+c6 di #+c%ri
s(n% cre"+.i. R6s!(ns(" n( es%e d+ s+( n(. Es%e !rB+Bi"i%+%e, !e
c+re n($i$ se$ni#ic+.ie s%+%is%ic6. Se$ni#ic+.i+ s%+%is%ic6 $6s+r6
d+c6 (n e#ec% Bser*+% e<!eri$en%+" es%e c( +de*6r+% de$n de
creC+re s+( es%e d+r reC("%+%(" (nei =n%7$!"6ri. D+c6 +r(nci
$ned6 de %rei ri Ai c7nd c+de es%e c+! de #iec+re d+%6, es%e !rB+Bi"
=n%7$!"+re. D+r d+c6 +r(nci de s(%6 de ri Ai de #iec+re d+%6
es%e c+!, !.i #i #+r%e si/(r c6 +ce+ $ned6 +re c+! !e +$Be"e #e.e.
Aces%+ es%e cnce!%(" din s!+%e"e se$ni#ic+.iei s%+%is%ice 8 cre"+re+
Fs+( +"%6 cns%+%+reG +re A+ns+0!rB+Bi"i%+%e+ s6 #ie re+"6, Ai n( d+r
reC("%+%(" (nei =n%7$!"6ri.
Des!re desc!erire se s!(ne c6 es%e se$ni#ic+%i*6 din
!(nc% de *edere s%+%is%ic +%(nci c7nd e<is%6 $+i !(.in de L^
!rB+Bi"i%+%e+ c+ e+ s6 #ie d+%r+%6 =n%7$!"6rii. Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6, de
e<e$!"(, c6 e<is%6 OL^ A+ns+ c+ s6 B.ine$ +ce"+Ai reC("%+% d+c6
s%(di(" es%e re!e%+%. Ace+s%6 *+"+re de OL^ es%e +rBi%r+r6, %%(Ai es%e
s%+nd+rd(" de "(cr(. Un +"% !(nc% +rBi%r+r es%e *+"+re+ de OO^. =n
+ces% c+C, c7nd reC("%+%(" %rece +ces% %es%, se s!(ne c6 +re =n+"%6
se$ni#ic+.ie s%+%is%ic6 Fes%e #+r%e se$ni#ic+%i* din !(nc% de *edere
s%+%is%icG. =n disc(.ii"e !ri*ind cerce%+re+ c( !ri*ire "+ die%6 Ai B+"6
din +ce+s%6 c+r%e se$ni#ic+.i+ s%+%is%ic6 +!+re din c7nd =n c7nd Ai
!+%e #i #"si%6 !en%r( + '(dec+ d+c6 se !+%e !(ne B+C6 !e
/re(%+%e+> d*eCii
MECANISME DE ACIUNE
Adeseri, cre"6ri"e s(n% cnsider+%e $+i *rednice de
=ncredere d+c6 +"%e cerce%6ri +r+%6 c6 di #+c%ri cre"+.i s(n% "e/+.i
din !(nc% de *edere Bi"/ic. De e<e$!"( s%7"!ii de %e"e#n Ai B"i"e
de ini$6 s(n% !Ci%i* cre"+.i d+r n( e<is%6 s%(dii c+re s6 +r+%e =n ce
#e" s%7"!ii de %e"e#n s(n% "e/+.i din !(nc% de *edere Bi"/ic c(
B"i"e de ini$6. T%(Ai, e<is%6 cerce%6ri c+re !reCin%6 !rcese"e !rin
c+re +!r%(" de !r%eine Ai c+ncer(" de #ic+% !% #i "e/+%e din !(nc% de
*edere Bi"/ic Ai c+(C+" F+A+ c($ *e.i *ede+ =n c+!i%"(" %reiG.
C(nsc7nd !rces(" !rin c+re ce*+ "(cre+C6 =n cr! =nse+$n6 +
c(n+A%e $ec+nis$(" "(i de +c.i(ne>. Ti + c(n+A%e $ec+nis$(" "(i
de +c.i(ne =n%6reA%e d*+d+. Un +"% #e" de + s!(ne +ces% "(cr( es%e c6
cei di #+c%ri cre"+.i s(n% "e/+.i =n%r8(n $d !"+(CiBi" din !(nc% de
*edere Bi"/ic>. D+c6 re"+.ie es%e !"+(CiBi"6 Bi"/ic, +%(nci es%e
cnsider+%6 $("% $+i *rednic6 de =ncredere.
METAANALIKA
=n #in+" %reB(ie s6 =n.e"e/e$ Ai cnce!%(" $e%++n+"iCei.
Me%++n+"iC+ c+%+"/)e+C6 d+%e c$Bin+%e din $+i $("%e s%(dii Ai "e
+n+"iCe+C6 c+ (n se% de d+%e (ni%+r. Ad(n7nd "+"+"%6 Ai +n+"iC7nd $+i
$("%e d+%e, reC("%+%(" *+ +*e+ desi/(r $("% $+i $("%6 /re(%+%e.
Desc!eriri"e !rin $e%++n+"iC+ s(n%, de +cee+, $("% $+i s(Bs%+n.i+"e
dec7% ce"e B.in(%e d+r din s%(dii sin/("+re, deAi, c+ =n rice +"%e
d$enii, !% e<is%+ Ai e<ce!.ii.
D(!6 B.inere+ de reC("%+%e din $+i $("%e s%(dii, !(%e$ =nce!e
+%(nci s6 #"si$ +ces%e ins%r($en%e Ai cnce!%e !en%r( + e*+"(+
/re(%+%e+ d*eCii. Prin +ces% e#r% =n%re!rins ni !(%e$ =nce!e s6
=n.e"e/e$ ce es%e ce" $+i !rB+Bi" + #i +de*6r+% Ai !(%e$ "(+ $6s(ri
=n cnsecin.6. I!%eCe"e +"%ern+%i*e n( $+i !+r !"+(CiBi"e Ai !(%e$ #i
#+r%e =ncreC6%ri =n reC("%+%. D*+d+ +Bs"(%6, =n sens(" %e)nic, n(
es%e !siBi" de +%ins Ai n( es%e i$!r%+n%6. =ns6 d*+d+ B+C+%6 !e B(n
si$.
Fcer%i%(dine OO^G es%e !siBi" de +%ins Ai es%e cri%ic6. C+ e<e$!"(,
ni ne8+$ #r$+% cn*in/eri"e c( !ri*ire "+ #($+% Ai s6n6%+%e
#"sind +ces% !rces de in%er!re%+re + cerce%6ri"r. N( s8+ d*edi%
nicid+%6 J::^> c6 #($+%(" +r c+(C+ c+ncer de !"6$7ni, =ns6
!rB+Bi"i%+%e+ c+ #($+%(" s6 n( +iB6 "e/6%(r6 c( c+ncer(" de !"6$7ni
es%e in#ini% $+i red(s6, =nc7% c)es%i(ne+ + #s% cnsider+%6 c+ #iind
reC"*+%6 de $("% %i$!
3
STOPAREA CANCERULUI
A$eric+nii se %e$ de c+ncer $+i $("% dec7% de ric+re +"%6
B+"6. Es%e !ers!ec%i*6 =ns!6i$7n%6%+re +cee+ de + #i cns($+% de
c+ncer =nce%, %i$! de "(ni de Ci"e, c)i+r +ni, =n+in%e de + $(ri. De
+cee+ es%e, !rB+Bi", ce+ $+i %e$(%6 din%re B"i.
AA+ c6, +%(nci c7nd A%iri"e r+!r%e+C6 (n n( c+rcin/en
c)i$ic desc!eri%, !(B"ic(" i+ n%6 Ai re+c.ine+C6 i$edi+%. Unii
c+rcin/eni !rd(c !+nic6 /ener+"6. AA+ s8+ =n%7$!"+% +c($ c7.i*+
+ni c( A"+r, (n !rd(s c)i$ic c+re er+ !("*eriC+% =n $d BiAn(i%
+s(!r+ $eri"r, c+ re/("+%r de creA%ere. L+ sc(r% %i$! d(!6 (n r+!r%
+" Cnsi"i("(i de A!6r+re + Res(rse"r N+%(r+"e FN+%(r+" Res(rces
De#erise C(nci", NRDCG in%i%("+%I Pes%icide =n )r+n+ c!ii"r
nA%ri>
J
, !r/r+$(" de %e"e*iCi(ne S: de $in(%e +" c+n+"("(i CBS +
cns+cr+% !+r%e din %i$! !rB"e$ei A"+r("(i. =n#eBr(+rie JORO (n
re!reCen%+n% +" NRDC + s!(s =n c+dr(" +ce"(i+Ai !r/r+$ c6
!rd(s(" c)i$ic ind(s%ri+" #"si% "+ $ere er+ ce" $+i !(%ernic
c+rcin/en din +"i$en%+.ie.>>
Re+c.i+ !(B"ic6 + #s% r+!id6. O #e$eie + c)e$+% !"i.i+
s%+%("(i c+ s6 !re+sc6 (n +(%B(C Ac"+r !en%r( + cn#isc+ $6r("
c!i"("(i ei.
P
C+n%ine"e Ac"+re de !es%e %% din .+r6, =n%re +"%e"e =n
Ne3 ?r@, Ls An/e"es, A%"+n%+ Ai C)ic+/, +( =nce%+% s6 ser*e+sc6
$ere Ai !rd(se din $ere. Cn#r$ ce"r s!(se de ,)n Rice, #s%
!reAedin%e +" Asci+.iei Mere"r din SUA, ind(s%ri+ $ere"r + !ri$i%
"*i%(r6 ecn$ic6 s%r+Anic6, !ierC7nd !es%e 9L: $i"i+ne USD.
L
=n ce"e din (r$6, c+ r6s!(ns "+ !r%es%(" !(B"ic("(i, !rd(c.i+
Ai (%i"iC+re+ A"+r("(i + #s% !ri%6 =n i(nie JORO.
Q
P*es%e+ c( A"+r+" n( es%e (n+ neBiAn(i%6. =n c(rs(" ("%i$i"r
decenii $+i $("%e !rd(se c)i$ice +( #s% iden%i#ic+%e =n !res+
c%idi+n6 c+ #iind +/en.i !rd(c6%ri de c+ncer. P+%e des!re (ne"e
+%i +(Ci%I
] A$in%ri+C" FerBicid #"si% "+ c("%(ri"e de $eriAr,
!rd(c7nd /r+C+ de$eriAr>=n"OLOG
] DDT Fc(nsc(% !e sc+r6 "+r/6 d(!6 c+r%e+ "(i R+c)e" C+rsn,
Si"en% S!rin/G
] Ni%ri.ii F(n cnser*+n% !en%r( c+rne Ai +$e"ir+%r de c("+re
Ai +r$6 #"si% "+ c7rn+.i Ai s"6nin6G
] 2!se+(+ rAie nr. 9
] =nd("ci%ri +r%i#ici+"i Finc"(si* cic"+$+.ii Ai C+)+rin+G
] Di<in+ F(n cn%+$in+n% din !rcese"e ind(s%ri+"e Ai +" A/en%("(i
Pr%c+"i(, (n !rd(s #"si% !en%r( des#r(nCire =n %i$!(" r6CBi("(i
din 2ie%n+$G
] A#"+%<in+ F %<in6 #(n/ic6 ce se /6seA%e =n +r+)ide
$(ce/6i%e Ai !r($BG.
C(nsc #+r%e Bine +ces%e deC/(s%6%+re !rd(se c)i$ice.
A$ #s% $e$Br( =n C$isi+ Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e + E<!er.i"r =n
T%iin.6 !en%r( P"i%ici"e !ri*ind K+)+rin+ Ai Si/(r+n.+ A"i$en%e"r
FJO;R8JO;OG c+re +*e+ s+rcin+ de + e*+"(+ !eric"(" !%en.i+" +"
C+)+rinei, +%(nci c7nd !(B"ic(" + #s% +"+r$+% d(!6 ce DDA + !r!(s
in%erCicere+ =nd("ci%r("(i +r%i#ici+". A$ #s% (n(" din%re !ri$ii
+$eni de A%iin.6 c+re + iC"+% di<in+W +$ #s% !rin%re cei din%7i de
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ni%ri.ii Ai +$ !e%rec(% $(".i +ni #6c7nd cerce%6ri Ai !(B"ic7nd +!i
d+%e des!re +#"+%<in+, (n(" din cei $+i !(%ernici c+rcin/eni
desc!eri.i *red+%6 8 ce" !(.in !en%r( AB"+ni.
=ns6 =n %i$! ce +ces%e !rd(se c)i$ice +( !r!rie%6.i
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c+ncer(". In #iec+re c+C =n !+r%e, #6r6 e<ce!.ie, cerce%6ri"e +(
de$ns%r+% c6 +ces%e !rd(se c)i$ice !% s!ri r+%+ c+ncer("(i "+
+ni$+"e"e de e<!erien.6. C+C(" ni%ri.i"r ser*eA%e c+ (n e<ce"en%
e<e$!"(.
UN (*GI=CTIL (= NU/= THGT DG:
D+c6 eA%i de *7rs%6 $edie s+( c)i+r $+i =n+in%+%6, c7nd $6 +(Ci
s!(n7nd ni%ri.i, )% d/ Ai c+ncer> s8+r !(%e+ s6 %e r6s(ceA%i =n sc+(n
Ai s6 d+i din c+! s!(n7ndI A, d+, !+rc6 $i8+d(c ce*+ +$in%e "e/+%
de +s%+>. Ei Bine, cei $+i %ineri s6 +sc("%e, !en%r( c6 +ce+s%6 !*es%e
+re (n #e" )+C"i( de + se re!e%+.
Se =n%7$!"+ (nde*+ "+ =nce!(%(" +ni"r [;:, !e c7nd r6CBi("
din 2ie%n+$ er+ !e s#7rAi%e, Ric)+rd Ni<n (r$+ s6 #ie !en%r(
%%de+(n+ "e/+% de 4+%er/+%e, criC+ ener/e%ic6 /ener+ cCi "+ s%+.ii"e
de BenCin6, i+r ni%ri% er+ (n c(*7n% de rdine =n %i%"(ri de +r%ic"e Ai
A%iri.
-itrit de sodiu. Cnser*+n% !en%r( c+rne #"si% din +nii JO9:.
S

O$+r6 B+c%erii"e, d6 !"6c(%6 n(+n.6 de rC Ai (n /(s% de dri%
c7rn+.i"r, s"6ninei Ai c6rn(ri"r cnser*+%e.
=n +n(" JO;: re*is%+ -ature FN+%(r+G r+!r%+ c6 ni%ri%(" !e c+re
ni =" cns($6$ +r !(%e+ s(#eri re+c.ii =n cr!(" ns%r( #r$7nd
ni%rC+$ine.
;
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!re*ede c6 n( $+i !(.in de A+!%es!reCece ni%rC+$ine s(n%
c+nceri/ene !en%r( +$eni>, es%i$+ Pr/r+$(" T<ic"/ic N+.in+"
+" SUA.-
S%+.i sec(nd6. De ce se !re*ede c6 +ces%e ni%rC+$ine
=ns!6i$7n%6%+re s(n% +!r+!e si/(r c+nceri/ene !en%r( +$eni> ?
R6s!(ns(" =n sc(r%I !e +ni$+"e"e de e<!erien.6 s8+ de$ns%r+% c6, c(
c7% es%e $+i $+re e<!(nere+ "+ +ces%e !rd(se c)i$ice, c( +%7% es%e
$+i $+re inciden.+ c+ncer("(i. D+r n( es%e (n r6s!(ns +dec*+%.
A*e$ ne*ie de (n r6s!(ns $+i c$!"e%.
S6 "(6$ =n +%en.ie ni%rC+$in6, NSAR Fn8ni%rss+rcCin+G.
=n c+dr(" (n(i s%(di(, d(6Ceci de AB"+ni +( #s% =$!6r.i.i =n d(6
/r(!(ri, #iec+re #iind e<!(s (nei c+n%i%6.i di#eri%e de NSAR. Un(i
/r(! i s8+ d+% dC6 d(B"6. Din n($6r(" ce"r c6rr+ "i s8+ d+% dC6
$+i red(s6 de NSAR,
QL^ +( $(ri% de c+ncer de /7%. Din n($6r(" ce"r c6rr+ "i s8+ d+%
dC6 $+i $+re, J::^ +( $(ri% de c+ncer =n c(rs(" ce"(i de8+" di"e+
+n +" e<!eri$en%("(i.[>>
C7% de $("%6 NSAR +( !ri$i% AB"+nii? A$Be"r /r(!(ri "i s8
+ d+% c+n%i%+%e incrediBi"6. D+.i8$i *ie s6 *6 %r+d(c e<!resi+ dC6
red(s6> #erin8d(8*6 (n $ic scen+ri(. S6 Cice$ c6 $er/i =n c+s+
(n(i !rie%en de8+" %6(, c+ s6 $6n7nci "+ #iec+re $+s6. Prie%en(" s8+
s6%(r+% de %ine Ai *re+ s6 %e *+d6 #6c7nd c+ncer de /7%, !rin e<!(nere+
"+ NSAR. Ti =.i d6 ec)i*+"en%(" dCei red(se> d+%e AB"+ni"r. Te
d(ci "+ e", i+r !rie%en(" %6( =.i #er6 (n s+nd3ic) c( s+"+$ de
B"/n+ c+re +re (n s+"+$ =n%re/ =n e"H =" $6n7nci. A!i =.i d6 =nc6
(n(", Ai =nc6 (n(", Ai =nc6 (n("... Ai *+ %reB(i s6 $6n7nci 9;:.::: de
s+nd3ic)(ri c( s+"+$ =n+in%e c+ !rie%en(" %6( s6 %e "+se s6 !"eci.
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#e" =n #iec+re Ci, %i$! de %reiCeci de +niH D+c6 #+ce +ces% "(cr( +%(nci
%( *ei #i #s% e<!(s "+ #e" de $("% "+ NSAR F!er /re(%+%e cr!r+"6G
c+ Ai AB"+nii din /r(!(" c( dC6 red(s6>.
De+rece inciden.e $+ri de c+ncer +( #s% *6C(%e Ai I+ A+reci,
c+ Ai "+ AB"+ni, #"sind(8se di#eri%e $e%de de e<!(nere "+
c+rcin/en, NSAR + #s% !re*6C(%6 c+ #iind +!r+!e si/(r>
c+nceri/en6 Ai !en%r( +$eni. DeAi n( +( #s% #6c(%e s%(dii !e
+$eni !en%r( + #+ce +ce+s%6 e*+"(+re, es%e !rB+Bi" c+ (n
c+rcin/en de +ces% #e", c+re !rd(ce si/(r c+ncer +%7% "+ A+reci c7%
Ai "+ AB"+ni, s6 !rd(c6 c+ncer Ai "+ +$eni =n%r8 +n($i%6 $6s(r6.
T%(Ai es%e i$!siBi" de A%i(% c+re %reB(ie s6 #ie ni*e"(" de e<!(nere,
=n s!eci+" !en%r( c6 dC6ri"e "+ +ni$+"e +( *+"ri +%7% de +s%rn$ice.
In ci(d+ +ces%(i "(cr(, d+r e<!eri$en%e"e !e +ni$+"e s(n%
cnsider+%e s(#icien%e !en%r( + cnc"(Cin+ c6 NSAR !+%e #i
+!r+!e si/(r> c+nceri/en6 "+ +$eni.
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r/+nis$, !rin +ce+s%+ ded(c7nd(8se c6 e"e !% #+*riC+ +!+ri.i+
c+ncer("(i, +$enii s8+( +"+r$+%. I+%6 %e<%(" #ici+"I Red(cere+
e<!(nerii +$eni"r "+ ni%ri.i Ai +n($i%e +$ine sec(nd+re, =n s!eci+"
=n +"i$en%e, !+%e +*e+ c+ reC("%+% descreA%ere + inciden.ei
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Din%r8
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ce+ din )% d/ Fc7rn+.iG Ai s"6nin6, (ne"e !rd(se +( de*eni% .in%+
+%+c(ri"r. C+rn+.ii +( #s% (n Biec%i* *("ner+Bi". Pe "7n/6 #+!%(" c6
=n c$!nen.+ "r e<is%+( +di%i*i !rec($ ni%ri.ii, c+rn+.ii !(%e+( #i
#6c(.i din B(Ce, n+s, s!"in6, "i$B6, /7% Ai +"%e *+rie%6.i de c+rne>
%c+%6.> AA+ c6, de =nd+%6 ce !rB"e$+ ni%ri.i"r0 ni%rC+$ine"r +
de*eni% (n s(Biec% #ierBin%e, c+rn+.ii n8+( $+i #s% +A+ de dri.i.
R+"!) N+der + n($i% c+rn+.ii c+ #6c7nd !+r%e din%re !riec%i"e"e ce"e
$+i %e$(% +"e A$ericii>.> Une"e /r(!6ri de !r%ec.ie +
cns($+%ri"r s"ici%+( in%erCicere+ +di%i*i"r ni%ri.i, i+r +(%ri%6.i"e
/(*ern+$en%+"e +( =nce!(% s6 rein*es%i/)eCe seris risc(ri"e !en%r(
s6n6%+%e +"e ni%ri.i"r.
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e#ec%(+% "+ Ins%i%(%(" Te)n"/ic din M+ss+c)(se%%s FM+ss+c)(se%%s
Ins%i%(%e # Tec)n"/y, MITG + desc!eri% c6 ni%ri.ii s!resc
inciden.+ c+ncer("(i "i$#+%ic "+ AB"+ni. S%(di(", +A+ c($ + #s%
!reCen%+% =n%r8(n n($6r +" !(B"ic+.iei Science FT%iin.+G din JO;O
JL
, +
scs "+ i*e+"6 #+!%(" c6 AB"+nii )r6ni.i c( ni%ri.i +( #6c(% c+ncer
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desc!erire + #s% s(#icien%6 c+ s6 !r*+ce r($+re /ener+"6. A(
(r$+% deCB+%eri *i"en%e =n /(*ern, =n c$(ni%6.i"e ind(s%ri+"e Ai de
cerce%+re.
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#6c(% rec$+nd6ri, ind(s%ri+ + !ri% #"sire+ ni%ri.i"r, i+r c)es%i(ne+
+ ieAi% de s(B "($in+ re#"ec%+re"r.C+ s6 reC($ !*es%e+I reC("%+%e
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*rB+ de !rd(se c)i$ice c+(C+%+re de c+ncer. O creA%ere +
inciden.ei c+ncer("(i de "+ L^ "+ J:^ "+ AB"+nii )r6ni.i c( $+ri
c+n%i%6.i de ni%ri.i + !rd(s cn%r*ers6 e<!"Ci*6. D6r6 =ndi+"6 c6
+( #s% c)e"%(i.i $i"i+ne de d"+ri c+ (r$+re + s%(di("(i de "+ MIT
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!siBi" #r$+%6 din ni%ri.i, + #s% +n%ici!+%6 c+ #iind (n !siBi"
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d+%e +ni$+"e"r dCe e<%re$ de $+ri
din +ces% !rd(s c)i$ic !e %i$! de +!r+!e '($6%+%e din d(r+%+
*ie.ii "r.
YNAPOI LA PROTEINE
Idee+ n( es%e c6 ni%ri.ii +r #i in#ensi*i. E<is%6 %%(Ai
!siBi"i%+%e+, ric7% de !(.in !rB+Bi" ne8+r !6re+, de + /ener+ c+ncer,
c+re s6 +"+r$eCe !(B"ic(". D+r c($ +r #i #s% d+c6 cerce%6%rii +r #i
+d(s reC("%+%e A%iin.i#ice $("% $+i i$!resin+n%e c+re +r #i #s% Ai
$("% $+i s(Bs%+n.i+"e? C($ +r #i #s% d+c6 s8+r #i +d(s (n !rd(s
c)i$ic c+re, !rin e<!eri$en%e, s8+r #i d*edi% + !rd(ce c+ncer
J::^ "+ +ni$+"e"e de e<!erien.6, i+r re"+%i*+ "(i +Bsen.6 +r #i "i$i%+%
c+ncer(" "+ :^, !e +ce"e+Ai +ni$+"e? M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, c($ +r #i
#s% d+c6 +ce+s%6 s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 +r #i !siBi" s6 +c.ineCe =n +ces%
#e" "+ dCe BiAn(i%e Ai n( "+ dCe"e e<%re$ de $+ri #"si%e =n
e<!eri$en%e"e c( NSAR? Desc!erire+ (nei +se$ene+ s(Bs%+n.e
c)i$ice +r #i !%ir(" s#7n% =n s%(dii"e +s(!r+ c+ncer("(i. I$!"ic+.ii"e
!en%r( s6n6%+%e+ +$eni"r +r #i enr$e. Cnc"(Ci+ +r #i c6 +ce+s%6
s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 +r %reB(i s6 #ie $("% $+i de %e$(% dec7% ni%ri.ii s+(
A"+r(", Ai c)i+r $+i se$ni#ic+%i*6 dec7% +#"+%<in+, sc%i%6 #+r%e
c+nceri/en6.
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indieni
JS
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#+ce c+ncer de #ic+% d(!6 ce "i se d6d(se +#"+%<in+, d+r +ni$+"e"e
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d+r L^ !r%eine n( +( #6c(% de"c c+ncer.
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sce!%ici, =n s!eci+" +%(nci c7nd s(n% cn#r(n%+.i c( reC("%+%e ieAi%e din
c$(n. De #+!% es%e r6s!(ndere+ n+s%r6 s6 !(ne$ s(B se$n("
=n%reB6rii Ai s6 e<!"r6$ +se$ene+ desc!eriri !r*c+%+re. A$
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e<!(Ai "+ +#"+%<in+ Ai n( !en%r( +"%e s!ecii, inc"(si* +$enii. P+%e
c6 er+( Ai +".i n(%rien.i
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=nc(rc+re + c(A%i"r.
=n%reB6ri"e +ces%e+ cere+( c( dis!er+re r6s!(ns(ri. Pen%r( +
s%(di+ =n cn%in(+re !rB"e$+, +$ s"ici%+% Ai +$ !ri$i% d(6
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Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%), N#"5G, !e c+re "e8+$ $en.in+% ce*+ $+i
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er+ !ierd(% Ai n( er+ ni$ic de c7A%i/+%. Pe "7n/6 +ce+s%+, n( er+$
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di#eri.i #+c%ri Fs(B"iniere+ $e+G +s(!r+ $e%+B"is$("(i +#"+%<inei.>
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=n ("%i$(" c+!i%" 8cnc"(Cii"e s8+( %r+s d(!6 %rei +ni. A #s% re"(+%
$+i %7rCi( =n%r8(n s%(di( Ai $+i s#is%ic+% e#ec%(+% =n C)in+ Fc+!i%"("
PG.
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%reB(i+ s6 #ie #6c(% e<%re$ de Bine. Orice de#icien.6, c7% de $ic6, n(
+r #i cn*ins !e ni$eni, =n s!eci+" !e cei ce $6 s(B*en.in+(, c+re +r
#i recnsider+% e*en%(+"6 n(6 cerere !en%r( #in+n.+reH D+r +$ +*(%
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(r$6%rii JO +ni Ai +( cnd(s Ai "+ +"%e #in+n.6ri din !+r%e+ +"%r
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D*=(TU*IL= ANI/AL=LG*
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!e +ni$+"e, ce"e #"si%e #iind %+%e rC6%+re FAB"+ni Ai A+reciG.
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cerce%+re. Res!ec% +ce+s%6 !rec(!+re. T%(Ai s(/ereC, c( res!ec%, s6
+*e.i =n *edere +ces% "(cr(I es%e !siBi" c+ +s%6Ci e( s6 n( #i +'(ns s6
s(s.in +"i$en%+.i+ de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 d+c6 n( er+( +ces%e
e<!eri$en%e !e +ni$+"e. Desc!eriri"e Ai !rinci!ii"e reieAi%e din
+ces%e s%(dii !e +ni$+"e $8+( +'(%+% =n #+r%e $+re $6s(r6 "+
cnce!ere+ in%er!re%6ri"r !ersn+"e din "(cr+re+ $e+ de $+i %7rCi(,
inc"(si* S%(di(" C)in+.
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e<is%+% +"%6 c+"e de + B.ine +ce"e+Ai in#r$+.ii, #6r6 + #"si
+ni$+"e de e<!eri$en%. P7n6 +c($ e( n( +$ desc!eri% nici (n+,
nici c)i+r d(!6 ce +$ cer(% s#+% din !+r%e+ c"e/i"r $ei de "+
dre!%(ri"e +ni$+"e"r>. Aces%e s%(dii e#ec%(+%e !e +ni$+"e
e<!eri$en%+"e +( d(s "+ e"+Br+re+ (nr !rinci!ii #+r%e i$!r%+n%e
!ri*ind c+(Ce"e c+ncer("(i, c+re s(n% i$!siBi" de B.in(% =n s%(dii
e#ec%(+%e !e +$eni. Aces%e !rinci!ii +( +c($ (n !%en.i+" enr$
!rin Bene#icii"e !e c+re "e !% #eri se$eni"r nA%ri, $edi("(i
=ncn'(r6%r Ai n(6 =nAine.
TREI DAKE ALE CANCERULUI
Gr+#ic(" Q.JI Ini.iere+ (nei %($ri s(B +c.i(ne+ +#"+%<=nei =n in%erir("
(nei ce"("e + #ic+%(,(i
C+ncer(" +c.ine+C6 =n %rei #+CeI ini.iere, !r$*+re Ai
!r/resie. C+ s6 #"sesc +n+"/ie Br(%6, !rces(" deC*"%6rii
c+ncer("(i es%e +se$6n6%r !"+n%6rii (n(i /+Cn. Ini.iere+ es%e +%(nci
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456.
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r6s!(nde "+ !rB"e$+ ridic+%6 i+r $+i %7rCi( +ces%(i+ i s8+ +d6(/+% Ai
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si +*e+ !6r%icic6 di#eri%6 din /en+ 5B2 inser+%6 =n /ene"e
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Ai i8+$ =n%reB+% d+c6 *r s6 ne +'(%e s6 ne #+ce$ Ai ni c"nie de
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dri$ s6 #+ce$ c( ei, Ai #iec6r(i+ din%re e"e idee+ de + s%(di+ e#ec%("
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si/(r+n.6 c6 recnsider+re+ !r!(nerii de s(B*en.ie + indic+% s!re
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Ai "+ +"%e c+ncere Ai "+ +".i c+rcin/eni? L+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Cen%r("(i
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"i s8+( d+% dCe e<!eri$en%+"e de c+rcin/eni F;,J98
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] +c.ine+C6 !rin%r8 re.e+ de re+c.ii c+re se c$Bin6 !en%r( +
cn%riB(i "+ creA%ere+ c+ncer("(i
] +c.ine+C6 !rin +ce"+Ai sis%e$ de )r$ni #e$inini c+re
+c.ine+C6 Ai "+ +$eni.
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=nce!e+ s6 !rind6 cn%(r (n %i!+r i$!resin+n% !rin
cnsec*en.6. L+ d(6 r/+ne di#eri%e, !+%r( c+rcin/eni di#eri.i Ai
d(6 s!ecii di#eri%e, c+Cein6 cn%riB(ie "+ deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i
(%i"iC7nd (n sis%e$ !(%ernic in%e/r+% de $ec+nis$e. Es%e (n e#ec%
!(%ernic, cn*in/6%r Ai cnsec*en%. De e<e$!"(, c+Cein6 +#ec%e+C6
#e"(" =n c+re ce"("e"e in%er+c.ine+C6 c( c+rcin/enii, #e"(" =n c+re
ADN8(" re+c.ine+C6 c( c+rcin/enii, Ai #e"(" =n c+re cresc ce"("e"e
c+ncer+se. Pr#(nCi$e+ Ai cnsec*en.+ +ces%r desc!eriri
s(/ere+C6 c( %6rie c6 e"e s(n% re"e*+n%e !en%r( +$eni din !+%r(
$%i*e. Pri$(", AB"+nii Ai +$enii +( ne*ie de !r%eine
+!r+!e iden%ic6. A" di"e+, !r%eine"e +c.ine+C6 "+ +$eni e<+c% =n
+ce"+Ai #e" c+ Ai "+ AB"+ni. A" %rei"e+, ni*e"(" +!r%("(i de !r%eine
ce c+(Ce+C6 creA%ere+ %($rii es%e de +cee+Ai $6ri$e c( ce" !e c+re
=" cns($6 +$enii. Ti +" !+%r("e+, +%7% "+ rC6%+re c7% Ai "+ +$eni,
#+C+ de ini.iere es%e c( $("% $+i !(.in i$!r%+n%6 dec7% #+C+ de
!r$*+re + c+ncer("(i. Ace+s%+ !en%r( c6 ni s(n%e$ =n $d #+r%e
+se$6n6%r dC+.i> c( +n($i%6 c+n%i%+%e de c+rcin/eni =n *i+.+
n+s%r6 de Ci c( Ci, =ns6 d+c6 +ceA%i+ *r cnd(ce s+( n( "+
deC*"%+re+ de!"in6 + (nr %($ri de!inde de !reCen.+ s+( +Bsen.+
#en$en%("(i de !r$*+re.
C)i+r d+c6 e( !ersn+" $8+$ cn*ins c6 creA%ere+ +!r%("(i
de c+Cein6 cn%riB(ie "+ deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i, %reB(i+ s6 #i( =nc6
!rec+(% =n + n( /ener+"iC+ !re+ $("%. Ace+s%+ er+ desc!erire
#+r%e cn%r+ri+n%6 c+re + s%7rni% (n sce!%icis$ +!ri/. D+r n( er+
dec7% #6r7$6 !e "7n/6 "(cr(ri"e c+re +*e+( s6 (r$eCe. Dre+$ s6
+d(n c7% $+i $("%e d*eCi. Ce e#ec% +( +".i n(%rien.i +s(!r+
c+ncer("(i Ai c($
in%er+c.ine+C6 +ceA%i+ c( c+rcin/eni di#eri.i Ai r/+ne di#eri%e? Es%e
!siBi" c+ e#ec%e"e +"%r n(%rien.i, c+rcin/eni s+( r/+ne s6 se
+n("eCe (ne"e !e +"%e"e, s+(, +r #i !siBi" s6 e<is%e cnsec*en%6 +
e#ec%("(i n(%rien.i"r =n c+dr(" +n($i%r %i!(ri de +"i$en%e? =n +ces%e
cndi.ii +re !r$*+re+ c+ncer("(i *+ r6$7ne !%en.i+" re*ersiBi"6?
D+c6 "(cr(ri"e +r s%+ +A+, c+ncer(" +r !(%e+ #i c( !r$!%i%(dine
cn%r"+%, c)i+r s(!(s (nei +c.i(ni de re/resie, !(r Ai si$!"( !rin
red(cere+ +!r%(ri"r +ce"r n(%rien.i c+re =" #+c s6 +*+nseCe Ai0s+(
cresc7nd +!r%(ri"e de n(%rien.i +n%i8!r$%ri +i c+ncer("(i.
Ni +$ ini.i+% $+i $("%e s%(dii (%i"iC7nd di#eri.i n(%rien.i, ce +(
c(!rins !r%ein+ de !eA%e, /r6si$i"e +"i$en%+re Ai +n%i<id+n.ii
c(nsc(.i s(B n($e"e de c+r%eniCi. Di e<ce"en.i +Bs"*en.i +i
$ei, T$ O[Cnnr Ai ?(!in/ 5e, +( $6s(r+% c+!+ci%+%e+ +ces%r
n(%rien.i de + +#ec%+ c+ncer(" de #ic+% Ai de !+ncre+s. Re/ultatul
acestora, c&t %i al multor altor studii, a ar'tat c' alimenta)ia este cu
mult mai important' (n controlarea (naint'rii cancerului dec&t do/a
carcinogenului care l!a ini)iat. Idee+ c6 n(%rien.ii s(n% cei ce
+#ec%e+C6 =n !rinci!+" deC*"%+re+ %($rii =n #+C+ de !r$*+re +
c+ncer("(i + =nce!(% s6 +!+r6 c+ #iind !r!rie%+%e /ener+"6 + re"+.iei
din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai c+ncer. ?ournal ofthe -ational <ancer 2nstitute,
c+re es%e !(B"ic+.i+ #ici+"6 + Ins%i%(%("(i N+.in+" +" C+ncer("(i din
SU A + +#"+% de +ces%e s%(dii Ai + !(s =n !ri$ !"+n !e c!er%6 c7%e*+
din desc!eriri"e n+s%re.
L9
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, =nce!e+ s6 se cn%(reCe (n %i!+rI nutrien)ii
din alimente de origine animal' duceau la cre%terea tumorii, (n timp
ce nutrien)ii din alimente de origine vegetal' duceau la mic%orarea
tumorii. =n c(!rinC6%r(" ns%r( s%(di( #6c(% !e AB"+ni c( %($ri
ind(se !rin +#"+%<in6 8 !e !+rc(rs(" =n%re/ii "r *ie.i 8 %i!+r(" +ces%+
er+ cnsec*en%. =n s%(dii e#ec%(+%e de (n +"% /r(! de cerce%6%ri
+s(!r+ c+ncer("(i de s7n Ai +".i c+rcin/eni, %i!+r(" er+ cnsec*en%.
=n s%(dii"e +s(!r+ c+ncer("(i de !+ncre+s Ai s%(dii"e c( +".i n(%rien.i,
%i!+r(" er+ cnsec*en%.
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c+r%eniCi Ai ini.iere+ c+ncer("(i, %i!+r(" er+ cnsec*en%.
LPLL
De "+
#+C+ =n%7i + ini.ierii c+ncer("(i !7n6 "+ #+C+ + d(+ + !r$*6rii
c+ncer("(i, %i!+r(" er+ cnsec*en%. De "+ (n $ec+nis$ "+ +"%(", #6r6
=ndi+"6, %i!+r(" er+ cnsec*en%.
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+n($i% +s!ec% +" cerce%6rii ne cere+ s6 r6$7ne$ !r(den.iI %+%e
+ces%e d*eCi er+( +d(n+%e din s%(dii e<!eri$en%+"e e#ec%(+%e !e
+ni$+"e. DeAi e<is%6 +r/($en%e !(%ernice c6 +ces%e desc!eriri
!r*c+%+re s(n% calitativ re"e*+n%e !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ $("(i, ni
n( !(%e$ c(n+A%e re"e*+n.+ cantitativ'. C( +"%e c(*in%e, s(n% +ces%e
!rinci!ii !ri*ind !r%ein+ +ni$+"6 Ai c+ncer(" e<%re$ de i$!r%+n%e
!en%r( %.i +$enii Ai =n %+%e si%(+.ii"e, s+( s(n% e"e d+r $+r/in+"
i$!r%+n%e, !en%r( $inri%+%e de !ers+ne +#"+%e =n si%(+.ii
=n%r(c7%*+ (nice? S(n% +ces%e !rinci!ii i$!"ic+%e =n%r8 $ie de
c+ncere ($+ne =n #iec+re +n, =n%r8(n $i"in de c+ncere =n #iec+re +n,
s+( $+i $("% de +%7%? A*e+$ ne*ie de d*eCi direc%e din cerce%6ri
#6c(%e !e +$eni. In $d ide+", +ces%e d*eCi s8+r s%r7n/e !rin%r8
$e%d"/ie ri/(r+s6 c+re s6 in*es%i/)eCe %i!+re"e +"i$en%+re =n
$d c(!rinC6%r, #"sind (n n($6r $+re de +$eni c( s%i"(ri de
*i+.6 +se$6n6%+re, $A%eniri /ene%ice si$i"+re Ai c( %+%e +ces%e+
inciden.6 di#eri%6 + +ces%ei B"i.
A +*e+ !r%(ni%+%e+ de + #+ce (n +se$ene+ s%(di( es%e (n
"(cr( r+r, d+r !rin%r8 A+ns6 incrediBi"6 ni +$ +*(% e<+c%
!r%(ni%+%e+ de c+re +*e+$ ne*ie. =n JOR: +$ +*(% nrc(" de +
s!(ne B(n *eni% =n "+Br+%r(" $e( (n(i+ din cei $+i c+!+Bi"i Ai
!r#esiniA%i s+*+n.i din C)in+ cn%inen%+"6, Dr. ,(ns)i C)en. =n
c"+Br+re+ c( +ces% B6rB+% re$+rc+Bi", ni s8+( i*i% c+Cii de + #+ce
cerce%6ri !ri*ind +de*6r(ri $+i c(!rinC6%+re. Ni s8+ +crd+% A+ns+
de + #+ce (n s%(di( !e +$eni =n c+re %+%e +ces%e !rinci!ii !e c+re
+$ =nce!(% s6 "e desc!eri$ =n "+Br+%r s6 !+%6 #i d(se !7n6 "+
(r$6%r(" ni*e". Ssise %i$!(" s6 s%(die$ r"(" n(%ri.iei, +" s%i"("(i
de *i+.6 Ai +" B"ii =n%r8(n(i din ce"e $+i c(!rinC6%+re $d(ri
=n%re!rinse *red+%6 =n is%ri+ $edicinei. A*e+$ s6 !rni$ =n
Studiul <hina.
4
LECII DIN C5INA
UN INSTANTANEU YN TIMP
A.i +*(% *red+%6 drin.+ de + i$r%+"iC+ !en%r( %%de+(n+ (n
+n($i% $$en%? Ase$ene+ $$en%e *6 !% c+!%i*+ =n%r8(n $d !e
c+re n(8J *e.i (i%+ nicid+%6. Pen%r( (nii +$eni, +s%#e" de $$en%e
+( c+ Biec%i* #+$i"i+, !rie%enii +!r!i+.i s+( +c%i*i%6.i"e "e/+%e de
+ceA%i+W !en%r( +".ii e"e s(n% "e/+%e de n+%(r6, s!iri%(+"i%+%e s+(
re"i/ie. Pen%r( $+'ri%+%e+ din%re ni, sc%esc e(, !+%e #i c7%e !(.in
din #iec+re. E"e de*in $$en%e"e n+s%re !ersn+"e, +%7% #erici%e c7%
Ai ne#erici%e, c+re ne de#inesc +$in%iri"e. =n +ces%e $$en%e !+rc6
%%(" se +d(n6 "+"+"%6>. E"e cns%i%(ie ins%+n%+nee =n %i$!, c+re
de#inesc $("% din e<!erien.+ *ie.ii n+s%re.
2+"+re+ (n(i ins%+n%+ne( =n %i$! n( es%e $+i !(.in
se$ni#ic+%i*6 !en%r( cerce%6%ri. Ni cns%r(i$ e<!eri$en%e,
s!er7nd s6 !6s%r6$ Ai s6 +n+"iC6$ de%+"ii"e s!eci#ice +"e (n(i +n($i%
$$en% !en%r( +nii c+re *r *eni. A$ #s% s(#icien% de nrcs s68
$i #ie +crd+%6 +se$ene+ c+Cie "+ =nce!(%(" +ni"r [R:, d(!6 ce (n
dis%ins cerce%6%r =n *7rs%6, din C)in+, Dr. ,(ns)i C)en, + *eni% "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i c+ s6 "(creCe =n "+Br+%r(" $e(. E" er+
direc%r +d'(nc% +" !rinci!+"("(i "+Br+%r de cerce%+re =n s6n6%+%e din
C)in+ Ai (n(" din !(.inii s+*+n.i c)ineCi ce *iCi%+( SUA d(!6
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ATLASUL CANCERULUI
L+ =nce!(%(" +ni"r ;:, !ri$8$inis%r(" C)inei, C)( EnL+i,
s(#ere+ de c+ncer. Prins =n /)e+re"e +ces%ei B"i #+%+"e,
!re$ier(" C)( + ini.i+% (n s%(di( n+.in+" !en%r( + +d(n+ in#r$+.ii
des!re B+"6, c+re n( er+ Bine =n.e"e+s6. Aces%+ +*e+ s6 cns%i%(ie (n
s%(di( $n($en%+" +" r+%ei $r.ii c+(C+%e de d(6s!reCece %i!(ri
di#eri%e de c+ncer din $+i $("% de 9P:: dis%ric%e din C)in+ Ai RR:
$i"i+ne din%re ce%6.enii "r FOS^G. S%(di(" + #s% re$+rc+Bi" din $+i
$("%e !(nc%e de *edere. A c(!rins SL:.::: "(cr6%ri, Ai + #s% ce" $+i
+$Bi.is !riec% de cerce%+re Bi$edic+"6 =n%re!rins *red+%6.
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ce +r6%+ "c(ri"e =n c+re c+ncer(" er+ #rec*en% =n%7"ni % Ai "c(ri"e
(nde er+ +!r+!e ine<is%en%.
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di#eri%e dis%ric%e, d+c6 #nd(" /ene%ic er+ +se$6n6%r? Er+ +re
!siBi" c+ #+c%rii de $edi( Ai de s%i" de *i+.6 s6 in#"(en.eCe =n
!rinci!+" +!+ri.i+ c+ncer("(i, Ai n( +%7% #+c%rii /ene%ici? De'+ c7.i*+
s+*+n.i de ren($e +'(nseser6 "+ +ce+s%6 cnc"(Cie. A(%rii (n(i
s%(di( i$!r%+n% +s(!r+ +"i$en%+.iei Ai c+ncer("(i, !re/6%i% !en%r(
Cn/res(" SUA =n JORJ, +( +'(ns "+ cnc"(Ci+ c6 #+c%r(" /ene%ic
de%er$in6 =n !r!r.ie de d+r 98Q 6 riscul de a face cancer.>
D+%e"e c+re +( s%+% "+ B+C+ +"c6%(irii $tlasului <ancerului (n
<hina +( #s% c7% se !+%e de %e$einice. =n (ne"e dis%ric%e c( r+%6
$+re + c+ncer("(i, inciden.+ c+ncer("(i er+ de !7n6 "+ J:: de ri $+i
$+re dec7% =n dis%ric%e"e (nde c+ncer(" er+ ce" $+i
!(.in #rec*en%. Aces%e ci#re s(n% c( +de*6r+% se$ni#ic+%i*e. Pen%r(
c$!+r+.ie, =n S%+%e"e Uni%e r+%+ c+ncer("(i di#er6 de ce" $("% d(68
%rei ri =n%r8 !+r%e + %6rii #+%6 de +"%+.
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!ri*eA%e r+%+ c+ncer("(i s(n% /ener+%+re de A%iri c( +(dien.6 $+<i$6,
$(".i B+ni Ai c+!i%+" !"i%ic. A circ("+% $("%6 *re$e =n s%+r(" $e(,
N#e38?r@, in#r$+.ie "e/+%6 de creA%ere+ inciden.ei c+ncer("(i de
s7n =n Ln/ Is"+nd. S($e $+ri de B+ni F+!r<. Q: $i"i+ne de `[G Ai
+ni de8+ r7nd(" +( #s% irsi.i e<+$in7nd +ce+s%6 c)es%i(ne. Ce #e" de
r+%e +"e c+ncer("(i +( c+(C+% +se$ene+ *7"*6? D(6 dis%ric%e din
Ln/ Is"+nd +*e+( r+%e +"e c+ncer("(i d+r c( J:89:^ $+i $+ri dec7%
$edi+ s%+%("(i. Ace+s%6 di#eren.6 + #s% s(#icien%6 !en%r( + +!6re+ !e
!ri$+ !+/in6 + A%iri"r, + s!eri+ !e +$eni Ai +8i !(ne !e !"i%icieni =n
$iAc+re. =n cn%r+s%, cee+ ce s8+ desc!eri% =n C)in+ +r6%+ c6 (ne"e
re/i(ni +"e .6rii +*e+( r+%e +"e c+ncer("(i de J:: de ri FJ:.:::^G $+i
$+ri dec7% +"%e re/i(ni.
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/ene%ic, er+ c"+r c6 +ces%e di#eren%e %reB(i+( s6 +iB6 e<!"ic+.ii ce
.ine+( de c+(Ce de $edi(. A$ +'(ns +s%#e" "+ $+i $("%e =n%reB6ri
cri%iceI De ce er+ c+ncer(" +%7% de #rec*en% =n +n($i%e dis%ric%e r(r+"e
din C)in+ Ai n( Ai =n +"%e"e? De ce er+( +ces%e di#eren.e +%7% de $+ri,
de8+ dre!%(" incrediBi"e? De ce er+ c+ncer(", =n /ener+", $+i !(.in
=n%7"ni% =n C)in+ dec7% =n SU A?
C( c7% disc(%+$ $+i $("% c( Dr. C)en des!re +ces%e "(cr(ri, c(
+%7% ne dre+$ s6 #i !(%(% +*e+ (n ins%+n%+ne( =n %i$! +" cndi.ii"r de
+"i$en%+.ie Ai de $edi( din C)in+ r(r+"6. Ce Bine +r #i #s% d+c6 +$ #i
!(%(% (r$6ri *i+.+ +ces%r +$eni, s6 *ede$ ce $6n7nc6 ei, c($
%r6iesc, ce es%e =n s7n/e"e Ai =n (rin+ "r, Ai #e"(" c($ $rW d+c6 +$ #i
!(%(% cns%r(i (n %+B"( +" e<!erien.ei "r c( c"+ri%+%e ne$+i=n%7"ni%6
!7n6 +%(nci, Ai =n de%+"i(, +s%#e" c+ s68J !(%e$ s%(di+ =n +nii ce (r$+(.
D+c6 +$ #i !(%(% #+ce +ces%e "(cr(ri, +%(nci +$ #i !(%(% #eri c7%e*+
r6s!(ns(ri "+ > de ce8(ri"e> n+s%re.
Uneri se =n%7$!"6 c+ A%iin.+, !"i%ic+ Ai #in+n.e"e s6 c!ereCe,
+s%#e" =nc7% s6 #ere c+Ci+ c+ cerce%+re de e<ce!.ie s6 !+%6 +*e+
"c. Ce*+ de #e"(" +ces%+ s8+ =n%7$!"+% !en%r( ni Ai +$ +*(%
!r%(ni%+%e+ de + #+ce %% cee+ ce ne8+$ #i dri%, B+
c)i+r $+i $("%. A$ #s% =n $6s(r6 s6 crein6$ ce" $+i
c(!rinC6%r ins%+n%+ne( din c7%e s8+( cre+% *red+%6, =n ce
!ri*eA%e die%+, s%i"(" de *i+.6 Ai B+"+.
LUCRZND LAOLALTX
A$ +"c6%(i% ec)i!6 de cerce%6%ri de %+"ie $ndi+"6. Din
+ce+s%+ #6ce+ !+r%e Dr. C)en, c+re er+ direc%r(" +d'(nc% +"
!rinci!+"("(i "+Br+%r de cerce%+re =n +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e din
C)in+. A$ =nr"+%8 Ai !e Dr. ,(ny+ Li, (n(" din +(%rii "(cr6rii
<ancer $tlas Survey FS%(di( A%"+s +" C+ncer("(iG Ai s+*+n% de
ren($e "+ Ac+de$i+ de T%iin.e Medic+"e din c+dr(" Minis%er("(i
S6n6%6.ii. A" %rei"e+ $e$Br( + #s% Ric)+rd Pe% de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+
O<#rd. Cnsider+% (n(" din !ri$ii e!ide$i"/i +i "($ii, Pe% s8+
re$+rc+% de +%(nci Ai + !ri$i% $+i $("%e !re$ii !en%r( cerce%+re =n
c+ncer. I+r e( +$ c$!"e%+% ec)i!+ =n c+"i%+%e de direc%r de !riec%.
T+%e circ($s%+n.e"e cn"(cr+( +r$nis. Aces%+ +*e+ s6 #ie
!ri$(" !riec% $+'r =n cerce%+re =n%re C)in+ Ai S%+%e"e Uni%e. A$
de!6Ai% c( Bine +%7% Bs%+c"e"e "e/+%e de #in+n.+re, c7% Ai !e ce"e
"e/+%e de Br6Cnici+ CIA Ai re%icen.+ /(*ern("(i c)ineC.
A$ decis s6 #+ce$ (n s%(di( c7% $+i c(!rinC6%r c( !(%in.6.
Prin $tlasul <ancerului +*e+$ +cces "+ r+%e"e de deces !en%r( $+i
$("% de P: de B"i di#eri%e, inc"(si* di*erse c+ncere, B"i de ini$6 Ai
B"i in#ec.i+se.[ A$ +d(n+% d+%e +s(!r+ + QS; de *+ri+Bi"e Ai +!i
+$ #6c(% c$!+r+.ii =n%re #iec+re *+ri+Bi"6 Ai %+%e ce"e"+"%e *+ri+Bi"e.
Ne8+$ de!"+s+% =n SL de dis%ric%e din c(!rins(" C)inei, +$ =$!6r.i%
c)es%in+re Ai +$ #6c(% +n+"iCe de s7n/e "+ SL:: de +d(".i. A$ "(+%
!rBe de (rin6, +$ cnse$n+% %% ce $7nc+( #+$i"ii"e !e !eri+d6
de %rei Ci"e Ai +$ +n+"iC+% di#eri%e $s%re din +"i$en%e "(+%e din !ie.e
de !re%(%indeni din %+r6.
Ce"e A+iCeci Ai cinci de dis%ric%e +"ese !en%r( +ces% s%(di( er+(
"c+"iC+%e =n di#eri%e !6r.i din C)in+ r(r+"6 Ai se$i8r(r+"6. A$ #6c(%
+ces% "(cr( =n $d in%en.in+%, !en%r( c6 *i+$ s6 s%(die$ +$eni
c+re %r6i+( Ai $7nc+( =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e + *ie.ii "r =n +cee+Ai
Cn6. A #s% s%r+%e/ie =nc(n(n+%6 de
s(cces !en%r( c6 +*e+$ s6 +#"6$ c6 $edie de O:8OP^ din%re
s(Biec.ii +d(".i din #iec+re dis%ric% "c(i+( =nc6 =n +ce"+Ai dis%ric% =n
c+re s8+( n6sc(%.
C7nd +$ %er$in+% +*e+$ peste @555 de asocieri semnificative
din punct de vedere statistic =n%re *+ri+Bi"e"e s%i" de *i+.6, +"i$en%+.ie
Ai B+"6. A*e+$ (n s%(di( ine/+"+Bi" =n ce !ri*eA%e +$!"+re+,
c+"i%+%e+ Ai (nici%+%e+. A*e+$ cee+ ce Ne3 ?r@ Ti$es + n($i%
M+re"e Pre$i( =n e!ide$i"/ie>. Pe sc(r%, ni cre+se$ +ce"
ins%+n%+ne( se$ni#ic+%i* =n %i$!, !e c+re =" *is+se$ ini.i+".
Ace+s%+ + #s% c+Ci+ !er#ec%6 de + %es%+ !rinci!ii"e !e c+re "e
desc!erise$ =n e<!eri$en%e"e !e +ni$+"e. A*e+( s6 #ie +ce"e
desc!eriri de "+Br+%r cnc"(den%e Ai =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e e<!erien.+
($+n6 din "($e+ re+"6? C($ !(%e+( #i +!"ic+%e desc!eriri"e n+s%re
!ri*ind c+ncer(" ind(s !rin +#"+%<in6 "+ AB"+ni Ai "+ +"%e %i!(ri de
c+ncer !rec($ Ai +"%e %i!(ri de B"i "+ #iin.e"e $eneA%i?
(=NT*U /AI /ULT= IN,G*/AJII
A$!"+re+ Ai c+"i%+%e+ Studiului <hina re!reCin%6 +de*6r+%6
*+"+re c( c+re ne $7ndri$. Pen%r( + *6 cn*in/e s%(di+.i
Ane<+ B de "+ #in+"(" *"($("(i. 2e.i desc!eri +Brd+re
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e#ec%e"e (nei +"i$en%+.ii de ri/ine =n s!eci+" *e/e%+"6 +s(!r+
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#ericire, =n Studiul <hina + e<is%+% *+ri+.ie cnsider+Bi"6 !en%r(
$+'ri%+%e+ #+c%ri"r e*+"(+.i. A e<is%+% *+ri+.ie e<ce!.in+"6 =n ce
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+ces% s%(di( s6 #ie +%7% de i$!r%+n%.
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$(%i"+n%e, d(rer+se Ai =nde"(n/+%e c( B+"+. E<is%6 di*ersi%+%e de
+"%e c6i $+i B(ne de + $(ri, Ai, Bine=n.e"es, de + %r6i.
A*7nd =n *edere c6 $tlasul <ancerului din <hina +*e+
cnse$n6ri c( !ri*ire "+ $+i $("% de !+%r(Ceci de B"i di#eri%e, ni
+$ +*(% c+Ci+ r+r6 de + s%(di+ $("%i!"e"e #e"(ri =n c+re $r +$enii.
Ne8+$ !(s =n%reB+re+I e<is%6 %endin.+ c+ +n($i%e B"i s6 se /r(!eCe
"+"+"%6 =n +n($i%e Cne +"e .6rii? De e<e$!"(, c+ncer(" de c"n
e<is%6 in +ce"e+Ai re/i(ni c+ Ai di+Be%("? D+c6 se d*edeA%e c6 +A+
s%+( "(cr(ri"e, +$ !(%e+ %r+/e cnc"(Ci+ c6 di+Be%(" Ai c+ncer(" de
c"n Fs+( +"%e B"i c+re s8+r /r(!+ "+"+"%6G +r +*e+ c+(Ce c$(ne.
Aces%e c+(Ce +r !(%e+ inc"(de *+rie%+%e de !siBi"i%6.i, de "+ ce"e
/e/r+#ice Ai de $edi(, !7n6 "+ ce"e Bi"/ice. C( %+%e +ces%e+,
de+rece %+%e B"i"e cns%i%(ie !rcese Bi"/ice Fc+re +( "c
+n+!d+G !(%e$ !res(!(ne c6 ric+re +r #i c+(Ce"e> Bser*+%e, =n
ce"e din (r$6 +ces%e+ *r !er+ !rin e*eni$en%e Bi"/ice.
C7nd +ces%e B"i +( #s% e<+$in+%e =n%r8(n $d c+re + !er$is
c+ r+%+ !reCen.ei #iec6rei+ s6 #ie c$!+r+%6 c( r+%+ ce"r"+"%e B"i
J
, +(
ieAi% "+ i*e+"6 d(6 /r(!(ri de B"iI ce"e =n%7"ni%e =n $d %i!ic =n Cne
$+i deC*"%+%e din !(nc% de *edere ecn$ic FB"i +"e
+B(nden.ei0Be"A(/("(iG Ai ce"e %i!ic
=n%7"ni%e =n Cne"e r(r+"e, +/ric"e FB"i +"e s6r6cieiG
J:
F%+Be"(" P.PG.
T$belul ?9?; :ru#$re$ bolilor observ$t& n Chin$ rur$l&
)oli $le bo%&"iei
Fe<%r+*+/+n.6 n(%ri.in+"6G
C+ncer Fc"n, !"6$7n, s7n, "e(ce$ie,
s%$+c, #ic+%G, di+Be%, B"i crn+riene
)oli $le s&r&ciei
F+!r% n(%ri.in+" in+dec*+% Ai s"+B
cn%r" s+ni%+rG
Pne($nie, Bs%r(c.ie in%es%in+"6, ("cer
!e!%ic, B"i di/es%i*e, %Bc, B"i !+r+Ci%+re,
re($+%is$, B"i $e%+B"ice s+( endcrine,
+"%e"e dec7% di+Be%(", B"i +"e /r+*idi%6.ii Ai
$("%e +"%e"e.
T+Be"(" P.P +r+%6 c6 #iec+re B+"6, din #iec+re c+%e/rie, %inde
s6 se +scieCe c( B"i din !r!ri+8i c+%e/rie Ai n( din "is%+ !(s6. O
re/i(ne din C)in+ r(r+"6 c+re +re r+%6 $+re de !ne($nie, de !i"d6,
n( *+ +*e+ r+%6 $+re de c+ncer de s7n, ci *+ +*e+ r+%6 $+re de
B"i !+r+Ci%+re. B+"+ c+re (cide !e cei $+i $(".i *es%ici, B+"+ de
ini$6, es%e $+i =n%7"ni%6 =n Cne"e (nde es%e !reCen% $+i $("%
c+ncer(" de s7n. A!r!, B+"+ de ini$6 es%e re"+%i* neBiAn(i%6 =n
$("%e din .6ri"e =n c(rs de deC*"%+re din "($e. Ti +ce+s%+ n( !en%r(
c6 +$enii +r $(ri "+ *7rs%6 $+i %7n6r6 Ai n( +r $+i +'(n/e s6 #+c6
+ces%e B"i *es%ice. C$!+r+.ii"e e#ec%(+%e s(n% s%+nd+r8diC+%e =n
#(nc.ie de *7rs%6, cee+ ce =nse+$n6 c6 s(n% c$!+r+.i +$eni de
+cee+Ai *7rs%6.
Aces%e +scieri =n%re B"i s(n% c(nsc(%e de ce*+ *re$e, =ns6
cee+ ce + +d(s =n !"(s Studiul <hina + #s% B/6.ie de d+%e "e/+%e de
r+%+ $r%+"i%6.ii /ener+%6 de $("%i!"e B"i Ai (nic6 e<!erien.6
+"i$en%+r6. AA+ c($ er+ de +A%e!%+%, +n($i%e B"i se +d(n6 "+"+"%6 =n
+ce"e+Ai re/i(ni /e/r+#ice, cee+ ce =nse+$n6 c6 e"e +( +ce"e+Ai
c+(Ce. Aces%e d(6 /r(!(ri de B"i +( #s% n($i%e *oli ale
a*undenteiB*el%ugului Ai *oli ale s'r'ciei. Pe $6s(r6 ce !!("+.i+
(nei .6ri =n c(rs de deC*"%+re +c($("e+C6 B/6.ii, +$enii =Ai
sc)i$B6 Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re, s%i"(" de *i+.6 Ai sis%e$e"e de
s+ni%+.ie. Pe $6s(r6 ce se +c($("e+C6 B/6.ii, din ce =n ce $+i $(".i
+$eni $r $+i $("% din c+C+ B"i"r B/+%e> +"e +B(nden.ei dec7%
din c+(C+ B"i"r s6r+ce> +"e s6r6ciei.
De+rece +ces%e B"i +"e +B(nden.ei s(n% +%7% de s%r7ns "e/+%e de
Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re, e"e +r !(%e+ #i n($i%e $+i Bine B"i +"e
e<%r+*+/+n%ei +"i$en%+re>. M+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r din S%+%e"e Uni%e
Ai din +"%e .6ri *es%ice $r din c+(C+ B"i"r +B(nden%ei. Din +ces%
$%i*, +dese+ +ces%e B"i s(n% n($i%e B"i *es%ice>. Une"e dis%ric%e
r(r+"e din C)in+ +( +*(% $+i !(.ine c+C(ri de B"i +"e +#"(en.ei, =n
%i$! ce +"%e dis%ric%e +( +*(% $("% $+i $("%e +s%#e" de B"i.
=n%reB+re+ !rinci!+"6 !e c+re Ai8+ !(s8 Studiul <hina + #s%
(r$6%+re+I +ces% "(cr( se =n%7$!"6 din c+(C+ di#eren.e"r =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re?
S=/NI,ICAJII STATISTIC=
=n c+dr(" c+!i%"("(i *i indic+ se$ni#ic+.i+ s%+%is%ic6 +
di#eri%e"r Bser*+.ii. In ci#re r$+ne, F[G *+ indic+ si/(r+n.6
de !es%e OL^, 5 !es%e OO^, i+r F
$
G !es%e OO,O^. Nici ci#r6[
r$+n6 n( *+ indic+ #+!%(" c6 +r e<is%+ *re =n In c+dr("
c+!i%"("(i *i indic+ se$ni#ic+.i+ s%+%is%ic6 + di#eri%e"r
Bser*+.ii. In ci#re r$+ne, F[G *+ indic+ si/(r+n.6 de !es%e OL^,
5 !es%e OO^, i+r F
$
G !es%e OO,O^. Nici ci#r6 #$+n6 n( *+ indic+
#+!%(" c6 +r e<is%+ *re +sciere s(B *+"+re+ (nei cer%i%(dini de
OL^.> Aces%e !rB+Bi"i%6.i !% #i, de +se$ene+, descrise c+
re!reCen%7nd !rB+Bi"i%+%e+ c+ Bser*+re s6 #ie re+"6. O
cer%i%(dine de OL^ =nse+$n6 c6 e<is%6 !rB+Bi"i%+%e
de JO din 9: c+ Bser*+.i+ s6 #ie re+"6W cer%i%(dine de OO^
=nse+$n6 c6 e<is%6 !rB+Bi"i%+%e de OO din J:: c+ Bser*+.i+
s6 #ie re+"6W i+r cer%i%(dine de OO,O^ =nse+$n6 c6 e<is%6 S
!rB+Bi"i%+%e de OOO din J::: c+ Bser*+.i+ s6 #ie re+"6.
CGL=ST=*GLUL SAN:UIN .I )GALA
Ni +$ c$!+r+% r6s!7ndire+ B"i"r *es%ice din #iec+re .in(%
c( *+ri+Bi"e"e +"i$en%+.iei Ai +"e s%i"("(i de *i+.6 Ai, s!re s(r!riC+
n+s%r6, +$ +#"+% c6 (n(" din cei $+i !(%ernici !redic%ri +i B"i"r
*es%ice es%e c"es%er"(" s+n/(in.>
J
C= INT*L KN ALI/=NTAJIA EGAST*L
INT*L KN SON:=L= EGST*U
E<is%6 d(6 c+%e/rii !rinci!+"e de c"es%er". <olesterolul
alimentar es%e !reCen% =n )r+n+ !e c+re $7nc6$. Es%e (n
c$!nen% +" +"i$en%e"r, +A+ c($ s(n% /"(cide"e, /r6si$i"e,
!r%eine"e, *i%+$ine"e Ai $iner+"e"e. Aces% c"es%er" se /6seA%e d+r
=n +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai des!re !reCen.+ "(i ne
+%en.ine+C6 e%ic)e%e"e +"i$en%e"r. C7% de $("% c"es%er" +"i$en%+r
cns($i %( nu es%e ce*+ ce dc%r(" %6( s6 !+%6 A%i +%(nci c7nd =.i
*eri#ic6 ni*e"(" de c"es%er". Dc%r(" n( !+%e $6s(r+ c"es%er"("
+"i$en%+r %% +A+ c($ n( !+%e A%i c7%e !r.ii de !ie!% de !+s6re +i
$7nc+%. =n sc)i$B, dc%r(" in*es%i/)e+C6 c+n%i%+%e+ de c"es%er"
!reCen% =n s7n/e"e %6(. Aces% +" di"e+ %i! de c"es%er", colesterolul
sanguin, es%e #+Bric+% =n #ic+%. C"es%er"(" s+n/(in Ai c"es%er"("
+"i$en%+r, deAi iden%ice din !(nc% de *edere c)i$ic, n( re!reCin%6
+ce"+Ai "(cr(. O si%(+.ie si$i"+r6 es%e c( /r6si$i"e. Gr6si$i"e
+"i$en%+re !r*in din cee+ ce $6n7nciI /r6si$e+ din c+r%#ii !r6'i.i,
de e<e$!"(. Gr6si$e+ din r/+nis$, !e de +"%6 !+r%e, es%e cee+ ce
r/+nis$(" %6( #+Bric6 Ai es%e #+r%e di#eri%6 de /r6si$e+ !e c+re
=n%inCi !e !7ine di$ine+.+ F(n% s+( $+r/+rin+G. Gr6si$i"e +"i$en%+re
Ai c"es%er"(" n( se %r+ns#r$6 ne+!6r+% =n /r6si$e =n r/+nis$ s+(
c"es%er" s+n/(in. De"(" =n c+re cr!(" #+Bric6 /r6si$e+ =n r/+nis$
Ai c"es%er"(" s+n/(in es%e e<%re$ de c$!"e<, i$!"ic7nd s(%e de
re+c.ii c)i$ice di#eri%e Ai Ceci de n(%rien.i. D+%ri%6 +ces%ei
c$!"e<i%6.i, e#ec%e"e /r6si$i"r +"i$en%+re Ai +"e c"es%er"("(i din
+"i$en%+.ie +s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii !% #i #+r%e di#eri%e de e#ec%e"e !e c+re
ie +( +s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii (n ni*e" ridic+% de c"es%er" s+n/(in Fcee+ ce
dc%r(" $6s+r6G s+( !re+ $("%6 /r6si$e =n r/+nis$.
Cns%+%+re+ =n C)in+ + #s% c6 =n dis%ric%e"e =n c+re c"es%er"("
s+n/(in er+ $+re, =n +ce"e dis%ric%e er+ $+re Ai inciden.+ B"i"r
*es%ice>. Cee+ ce + #6c(% c+ +ces% "(cr( s6 #ie +A+ de s(r!rinC6%r +
#s% #+!%(" c6 ni*e"(ri"e +ces%(i+ "+ c)ineCi er+( $("% $+i sc6C(%e
dec7% ne +A%e!%+$. Ni*e"(" $edi( +" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in + #s% de
n($+i J9; $/0dL
c$i"i/r+$e !er deci"i%r(d, cee+ ce es%e c( +!r+!e J:: de !(nc%e $+i
!(.in dec7% $edi+ "+ +$eric+ni, Ai +n($e 9JL $/0dLH
J9
Une"e
dis%ric%e +*e+( c)i+r $edie $+i sc6C(%6, de !i"d6 OP $/0dL. L+
d(6 /r(!(ri de +!r<i$+%i* d(6Ceci Ai cinci de #e$ei din !+r%e+ de
in%erir + C)inei $edi+ c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in er+ (i$i%r de sc6C(%6,
Ai +n($e R: $/0dL. D+c6 *6 c(n+A%e.i !r!rii"e *+"ri +"e
c"es%er"("(i, +%(nci *6 d+.i se+$+ c7% de sc6C(%e s(n% +ces%e *+"ri.
=n S%+%e"e Uni%e *+ri+.i+ es%e J;:89O: $/0dL. 2+"ri"e n+s%re ce"e
$+i sc6C(%e s(n% +!r+!e iden%ice c( ce"e $+i ridic+%e *+"ri din
C)in+ r(r+"6. =n%r8+de*6r, =n S%+%e"e Uni%e + e<is%+% c)i+r (n $i%,
cn#r$ c6r(i+ +r !(%e+ s6 +!+r6 !rB"e$e de s6n6%+%e d+c6
c"es%er"(" +r sc6de+ s(B JL: $/0 dL. D+c6 +$ $er/e !e +ce+s%6
"inie de /7ndire, c+$ RL^ din +$enii din C)in+ r(r+"6 +r #i =n
!eric". D+r +de*6r(" es%e c( %%(" +"%(". -ivelurile sc'/ute de
colesterol sunt legate de rate mai mici ale *olii de inim', cancer %i
alte *oli vestice, chiar la niveluri cu mult mai Coase dec&t cele
considerate ,sigure, (n Dest.
L+ =nce!(%(ri"e Studiului <hina ni$eni n( +r #i !(%(% !reCice
c6 e<is%6 *re "e/6%(r6 =n%re c"es%er" Ai *re(n+ din r+%e"e B"i"r. Ce
s(r!riC6 ne +A%e!%+H Pe $6s(r6 ce ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in
descreA%e+ de "+ J;: $/0dL "+ O: $/0dL, se $icAr+ Ai !reCen.+
B"i"rI c+ncere de #ic+%>, rec%[, c"n>, c+ncer de !"6$7n "+ B6rB+.i[,
c+ncer de !"6$7n "+ #e$ei, c+ncer de s7n, "e(ce$ii "+ c!ii, "e(ce$ii
"+ +d(".i
J
, %("B(r6ri $in%+"e "+ c!ii, %("B(r6ri $in%+"e "+ +d(".i[, Ai
B"i de s%$+c Ai es#+/ F/7%G. D(!6 c($ !(%e.i *ede+, es%e "is%6 de
$6ri$e cnsider+Bi"6. M+'ri%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r A%i( c6 d+c6 +i
c"es%er"(" $+re, %reB(ie s6 %e =n/ri'reCi !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ ini$ii
%+"e, d+r ei n( A%i( c6 %reB(ie s68.i #+ci /ri'i Ai =n ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(".
E<is%6 $+i $("%e %i!(ri de c"es%er" s+n/(in, inc"(si*
c"es%er" LDL Ai 5DL. LDL es%e c"es%er"(" r6(> i+r 5DL es%e
c"es%er"(" B(n>. =n c+dr(" Studiului <hina ni*e"(ri"e $+i ridic+%e
+"e c"es%er"("(i LDL +( #s% de +se$ene+ +sci+%e c( !reCen.+
B"i"r *es%ice.
Re.ine.i c6 +ces%e B"i, d(!6 s%+nd+rde"e *es%ice, s(n%
re"+%i* r+re =n C)in+ Ai c6 ni*e"(ri"e c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in s(n%
#+r%e sc6C(%e F%% d(!6 s%+nd+rde"e *es%iceG.
Desc!eriri"e n+s%re +( +r6%+% =n $d cn*in/6%r c6 $(".i c)ineCi
se +#"+( =n +*+n%+' "+ ni*e"(ri"e $+i sc6C(%e de c"es%er", c)i+r $+i
's de J;: $/0dL. Ac($ i$+/in+.i8*6 .+r6 =n c+re "c(i%rii +(
ni*e"(ri +"e c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in c( $("% $+i ridic+%e dec7% $edi+
c)ineCi"r. Cee+ ce es%e de +A%e!%+% es%e c+ +ces%e B"i, re"+%i* r+re,
c($ +r #i B+"+ de ini$6 Ai (ne"e c+ncere, s6 #ie !red$in+n%e, !+%e
c)i+r s6 #ie (ci/+Aii !rinci!+"iH Bine=n.e"es c6 e<+c% +s%+ se =n%7$!"6
=n 2es%.
C+ s6 *6 d+( d+r d(6 e<e$!"e de "+ d+%+ e#ec%(6rii s%(di("(i
ns%r(I r+%+ de deces !rin B+"6 crn+ri+n6 er+ de %aptespre/ece ori
mai mare "+ B6rB+.ii +$eric+ni dec7% "+ B6rB+.ii din C)in+ r(r+"6.>
R+%+ de deces !rin c+ncer de s7n =n A$eric+ er+ de cinci ori mai
mare dec7% r+%+ din C)in+ r(r+"6.
Ti $+i re$+rc+Bi"e +( #s% r+%e"e e<%r+rdin+r de sc6C(%e +"e
B"ii crn+riene FC5DG din !r*incii"e Sic)(+n Ai G(iC)( din s(d8
*es%(" C)inei, =n%r8 !eri+d6 de %rei +ni de Bser*+.ie FJO;Q8JO;LG,
n( + #s% nici $6c+r sin/(r6 !ers+n6 c+re s6 $+r6 de B+"6
crn+ri+n6 =n+in%e de *7rs%+ de SP de +ni din%r8(n n($6r de 9PS.:::
de B6rB+.i din dis%ric%(" G(iC( Ai JRJ.::: de #e$ei din dis%ric%("
Sic)(+nH>
D(!6 ce +ces%e d+%e "e/+%e de ni*e"(" red(s de c"es%er" +(
#s% #6c(%e !(B"ice, +$ +#"+% de "+ %rei cerce%6%ri Ai $edici c+rdi"/i
de ren($e, Dr. Bi"" C+s%e""i, Dr.Bi"" RBer%s Ai Dr. C+"d3e""
Esse"s%yn, ,r., c6 =n =nde"(n/+%e"e "r c+riere $edic+"e n( +( *6C(%
nicid+%6 *re(n deces !rin B+"6 de ini$6 I+ !+cien.ii "r c( ni*e"(ri
+"e c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in s(B JL: $/0dL. Dr. C+s%e""i er+ direc%r de
#+r%e $("%6 *re$e +" *es%i%("(i Eramigham Heart Study FS%(di("
Dr+$i/)+$ +s(!r+ Ini$iiG de "+ NI5W Dr. Esse"s%yn er+ (n c)ir(r/
ren($i% de I+ C"inic+ din C"e*e"+nd c+re + #6c(% (n s%(di( re$+rc+Bi"
!ri*ind c+r+c%er(" re*ersiBi" +" B"ii de ini$6 F*eCi c+!i%"(" LGW Dr.
RBer%s er+ de $("% %i$! red+c%r(" !res%i/i+sei !(B"ic+.ii $edic+"e
<ardiologiB FC+rdi"/ieG.
CGL=ST=*GLUL SAN:UIN
.I ALI/=NTAJIA
C"es%er"(" s+n/(in es%e =n $d c"+r (n indic+%r i$!r%+n% +"
risc("(i de B+"6. M+re+ =n%reB+re es%eI =n ce #e" +#ec%e+C6 +"i$en%+.i+
c"es%er"(" s+n/(in? Pe sc(r%, +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( #s%
cre"+%e c( (n c"es%er" s+n/(in $+i $+re F%+Be"(" P.LG. D6r6 +!r+!e
nici e<ce!.ie, n(%rien%ii din +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 +( #s%
+sci+.i c( ni*e"(ri reduse +"e c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in.
M+i $("%e s%(dii +( +r6%+% +c($, +%7% =n e<!eri$en%e !e +ni$+"e
c7% Ai "+ +$eni, c6 (n cns($ de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 creA%e
ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in.
JL
>
J
> Gr6si$i"e s+%(r+%e Ai c"es%er"("
+"i$en%+r, de +se$ene+, cresc c"es%er"(" s+n/(in, deAi +ceA%i
n(%rien.i n( s(n% "+ #e" de e#ic+ce =n + #+ce +ces% "(cr( +A+ c($ #+c
!r%eine"e +ni$+"e. Prin cn%r+s%, +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 n(
cn.in c"es%er" Ai, !e di#eri%e c6i, +'(%6 "+ $icAr+re+ c+n%i%6.ii de
c"es%er" #+Bric+%6 de c6%re r/+nis$. T+%e +ces%e "(cr(ri +( #s%
cn#ir$+%e de c6%re desc!eriri"e din Studiul <hina.
T+Be"(" P.LI A"i$en%e +sci+%e c( c"es%er"(" s+n/(in
(e m&sur& ce cre!te $#ortul de
c+rne[, "+!%e, (6, !eA%e
J
>>, /r6si$e Ai !r%ein6
+ni$+"6...
Cre!te !i colesterolul s$n%uin9
(e m&sur& ce cre!te $#ortul de
+"i$en%e Ai n(%rien.i de !r*enien.6 *e/e%+"6
Finc"(si* !r%ein6 din !"+n%e
J
, #iBr6>, ce"("C6>,
)e$ice"("C6
J
, c+rB)idr+.i s"(Bi"i> *i%+$ine"e B
din !"+n%e Fc+r%en, B9, BQG[, "e/($e, *e/e%+"e
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$("% $+i i$!r%+n%, (n cns($ $+i red(s de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
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+"i$en%+.ie Ai, de +se$ene+, Ai c( +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, ne8+
+d(s =n +%en.ie Ai +".i #+c%ri c+re s(!(n #e$ei"e risc("(i de + #+ce
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Un +!r% $+i ridic+% de /r6si$i =n +"i$en%+.ie es%e +sci+% c( (n
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s+%e din s%(di( +( #s% =n%reB+%e c7nd +( +*(% !ri$+ $ens%r(+.ie.
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creA%ere r+!id6 + #e%e"r d(ce +dese+ "+ =n6".i$e cr!r+"6 $+i $+re
=n !eri+d+ de +d("% Ai "+ /re(%+%e cr!r+"6 $+i $+re Ai $+i $("%6
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#e$ei"e din *es%, d(ce de +se$ene+ "+ ni*e"(ri $+i ridic+%e +"e
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se $en.ine =n +"i$en%+.ie (n cns($ B/+% de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
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+%7% de $ic6 =n C)in+.
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din C)in+, c+re es%e de d+r ;L^ din ce+ + (nei #e$ei din An/"i+
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e<!(nere de d+r QL8P:^ "+ es%r/eni + #e$ei"r din C)in+,
c$!+r+%i* c( ce"e din An/"i+ FAi A$eric+G. Aces% "(cr( cres!(nde
c( inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de s7n din C)in+, c+re es%e de d+r cinci$e
din ce" =n%7"ni% "+ #e$ei"e din 2es%.
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+ni$+"6, B/+%6 =n /r6si$i c( )r$nii re!rd(c6%ri Ai *7rs%+
%i$!(rie + $en+r)ei cns%i%(ie Bser*+.ie i$!r%+n%6. E+ +r+%6 c"+r
c6 n( +r %reB(i s6 d6$ c!ii"r nA%ri $("%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine
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c( r+%+ c+ncere"r =n /ener+"? Aces% "(cr( !reCin%6 +rec+re
di#ic("%+%e, =ns6 (n(" din #+c%rii !e c+re i8+$ e*+"(+% + #s%I c7%
c+ncer e<is%6 =n #iec+re #+$i"ie. A!r%(" de !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 + #s% =n $d c"+r +sci+% =n c+dr(" Studiului <hina c(
e<is%en.+ c+ncer("(i =n #+$i"ii.>
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+ni$+"e s+( inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de s7n cnd(c "+ $di#ic6ri =n
cncen%r+.ii"e +n($i%r s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice din s7n/e"e ns%r(. Aces%e
s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice s(n% n($i%e *iomarHeri. C+ (n e<e$!"(,
c"es%er"(" s+n/(in es%e (n Bi8$+r@er !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6. Ni
+$ e*+"(+% A+se Bi$+r@eri s+n/(ini c+re s(n% +sci+.i c( +!r%(" de
!r%eine +ni$+"e.
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ABs"(%. Diec+re Bi$+r@er "e/+% de +!r%(" de !r%eine +ni$+"e es%e
=n $d se$ni#ic+%i* +sci+% Ai c( c+n%i%+%e+ de c+ncer e<is%en%6 =n%r8
#+$i"ie.
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c+ncer(" de s7n. S(n% d(6 #e"(ri de d*eCi c+re #+c c+ +ce+s%6
cnc"(Cie s6 #ie e<%re$ de cn*in/6%+re. =n !ri$(" r7nd, "(+%6
indi*id(+", #iec+re !+r%e din c+dr(" +ces%ei re.e"e + #s% =n $d c"+r
cre"+%6 c( ce"e"+"%e !6r.i Ai, =n $+'ri%+%e+ c+C(ri"r, er+ s%+%is%ic
se$ni#ic+%i*6. =n +" di"e+ r7nd, +ces% e#ec% s8+ !rd(s "+ (n aport
neo*i%nuit de mic de alimente de origine animal'.
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cn%in(+re =n c+!i%"(" ;G cns%i%(ie (n e<e$!"( !er#ec% +" $%i*("(i
!en%r( c+re Studiul <hina es%e +%7% de cn*in/6%r. =n "c de sin/(r6
Ai si$!"6 +sciere =n%re /r6si$i Ai c+ncer(" de s7n
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c+re +"i$en%+.i+ ne +#ec%e+C6 risc(" de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n. Ni +$
!(%(% e<+$in+ =n di*erse #e"(ri r"(" +"i$en%+.iei Ai +" c"es%er"("(i,
*7rs%+ $en+r)ei Ai ni*e"(ri"e )r$ni"r #e$inini, A%i(% #iind #+!%(" c6
#iec+re din%re +ceA%i+ re!reCin%6 #+c%ri de risc !en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n.
C7nd #iec+re desc!erire n(6 .in%e+ =n +cee+Ai direc.ie, +$ !(%(%
*ede+ (n %+B"( c+re er+ cn*in/6%r, cnsec*en% Ai !"+(CiBi" din !(nc%
de *edere Bi"/ic.
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D(B"in, er+ e<%re$ de "i$!ede =n e<!ri$+re. B(n(" "(i si$.,
crediBi"i%+%e+ s+ A%iin.i#ic6 Ai si$.(" ($r("(i $8+( i$!resin+% c(
+de*6r+% +%(nci c7nd "8+$ =n%7"ni% !en%r( !ri$+ d+%6 "+ (n se$in+r "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i. S(Biec%(" e<!(nerii s+"e er+( #iBre"e +"i$en%+re.
E" c6"6%rise JL.::: de @i"$e%ri c( (n 'ee! =n Cne de .+r6, /re(
+ccesiBi"e, !en%r( + s%(di+ Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re +"e +#ric+ni"r.
E" s(s.ine+ c6 #iBre"e +"i$en%+re, c)i+r d+c6 n( er+( di/er+%e,
er+( *i%+"e !en%r( s6n6%+%e. DiBre"e s(n% c+!+Bi"e s6 i+ +!6 din
r/+nis$ Ai s8 d(c6 =n in%es%ine +si/(r7nd +s%#e" (n %r+nCi% in%es%in+"
nr$+". De +se$ene+, +ces%e #iBre nedi/er+%e, c+ Ai s(/+%i*+, +BsrB
s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice d6(n6%+re c+re +'(n/ =n in%es%ine"e n+s%re Ai c+re
+r !(%e+ #i c+nceri/ene. D+c6 n( cns($6$ s(#icien%e #iBre, s(n%e$
s(sce!%iBi"i + #+ce B"i c+re +( c+ !(nc% de !"ec+re cns%i!+.i+.
Cn#r$ ce"r s(s.in(%e de B(r@i%%, din +ce+s%6 c+%e/rie #+c !+r%e
c+ncer(" de in%es%in /rs, di*er%ic("C+, )e$riCii Ai *ene"e *+ric+se.
=n JOOQ, Dr. B(r@i%% + #s% !re$i+% c( !res%i/is(" !re$i( Ioer,
ce" $+i *+"rs !re$i( din "($e d(!6 Pre$i(" NBe". E" $8+ in*i%+% s6
.in c(*7n%+re "+ cere$ni+ de !re$iere de "+ Ins%i%(%(" Dr+n@"in din
Di"+de"#i+, d+r c( d(6 "(ni =n+in%e de
ne#erici%+ %recere + "(i =n ne#iin.6. Ti8+ e<!ri$+% !6rere+ c6 Studiul
<hina er+ ce+ $+i se$ni#ic+%i*6 "(cr+re =n%re!rins6 "+ d+%+ +cee+ =n
"($e c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e.
DiBre"e +"i$en%+re se /6sesc n($+i =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6. Aces% $+%eri+", c+re cn#er6 ri/idi%+%e !ere.i"r ce"("+ri +i
!"+n%e"r, se !reCin%6 =n $ii de *+ri+n%e c)i$ice. =n !rinci!+", e"e s(n%
+"c6%(i%e din $"ec("e #+r%e c$!"e<e de )idr+.i de c+rBn. Ni
di/er6$ e<%re$ de !(.in din #iBre, +!r+!e de"c. C( %+%e +ces%e+,
#iBre"e, ne+*7nd c+"rii de"c s+( d+r #+r%e !(.ine, +'(%6, !rin%re
+"%e"e, "+ di"(+re+ densi%6.ii c+"rice + +"i$en%+.iei n+s%re, cree+C6
s+.ie%+%e Ai c(r$6 !#%+ de $7nc+re. As%#e" e"e ne s+%is#+c #+$e+ Ai
red(c "+ $ini$($ s(!r+cns($(" de c+"rii.
A!r%(" $edi( de #iBre F/r+#ic(" P.J:G es%e c+$ de %rei ri $+i
$+re =n C)in+ dec7% =n S%+%e"e Uni%e.
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e<ce!.in+"e, =n s!eci+" + *7nd =n *edere #+!%(" c6 $edi+ =n +n( $i%e
dis%ric%e es%e c)i+r c( $( JJ $+i $+re.
=ns6, !%ri*i% +n($i%r e<!er.i> din S%+%e"e Uni%e, e<is%6 "+%(r6
=n%(nec+s6 c( !ri*ire "+ #iBre"e +"i$en%+re. Ei s(s.in c6 d+c6 +!r%("
de #iBre es%e !re+ $+re, r/+nis$(" ns%r( n( es%e =n s%+re s6 +Bs+rB6
s(#icien% #ier Ai s(Bs%+n.e $iner+"e, c+re s(n% esen.i+"e !en%r( s6n6%+%e+
n+s%r6. DiBre"e s8+r !(%e+ "e/+ de +ceA%i n(%rien.i Ai d+r i8+r %r+ns!r%+
!rin cr!(" ns%r(, #6r6 c+ ni s6 #i$ =n s%+re s68i di/er6$. Ei s!(n c6
ni*e"(" $+<i$ de #iBre +"i$en%+re +r %reB(i s6 #ie de Q:8QL /r+$e !e
Ci, cee+ ce re!reCin%6 d+r +!r<i$+%i* '($6%+%e din $edi+ +!r%("(i de
#iBre din C)in+ r(r+"6.
Gr+#ic(" P.J:I A!r%(" $edi( de #iBre +"i$en%+re /r+$e0Ci
CYi*& 3?
A$ e<+$in+% c( ce+ $+i $+re +%en.ie +ce+s%6 c)es%i(ne "e/+%6
de #ier Ai #iBre =n c+dr(" s%(di("(i ns%r( +s(!r+ C)inei. I+r cee+ ce
+$ desc!eri% +r+%6 c6 #iBre"e n( cns%i%(ie d(A$+n(" +BsrB.iei
#ier("(i +A+ c($ !re%ind +%7% de $(".i cerce%6%ri. Ni +$ $6s(r+% c7%
#ier cns($6 c)ineCii, Ai c7% se +#"6 =n r/+nis$(" "r. Dier(" + #s%
$6s(r+% =n A+se $d(ri di#eri%e F!+%r( Bi$+r@eri s+n/(ini di#eri.i Ai
d(6 es%i$6ri +"e +!r%("(i de #ierG Ai +%(nci c7nd +$ c$!+r+%
+ces%e $6s(r6%ri c( +!r%(" de #iBre, nu a e0istat nici o dovad' c'
aportul ridicat de fi*re ar d'una a*sor*)iei fierului (n organism. De
#+!%, ni +$ desc!eri% c)i+r e#ec%(" !(s. Un B(n indic+%r !en%r(
c7% de $("% #ier e<is%6 =n r/+nis$, )e$/"Bin+, =n re+"i%+%e +
cresc(% +%(nci c7nd + cresc(% +!r%(" de #iBre +"i$en%+re.[ D(!6 c($
se *ede, +"i$en%e"e B/+%e =n #iBre, c+ /r7(" Ai !r($B(", Fd+r n(
reC(" decr%ic+% cns($+% =n C)in+G s(n% de +se$ene+ B/+%e =n
#ier, cee+ ce =nse+$n6I c( c7% es%e $+i $+re +!r%(" de #iBre, c( +%7%
es%e $+i $+re Ai +!r%(" de #ier.
J
> A!r%(" de #ier =n C)in+ r(r+"6 FQP
$/0CiG + #s% s(r!rinC6%r de $+re =n c$!+r+.ie c( $edi+ din
A$eric+ FJR $/0CiG Ai + #s% de de!+r%e +sci+% c( +!r%(" de
+"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 Ai nicidec($ c( ce"e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6.
PJ
Desc!eriri"e din C)in+ c( !ri*ire "+ #iBre Ai #ier, c+ Ai $("%e
+"%e Bser*+.ii din c+dr(" +ces%(i s%(di(, n( +( s(s.in(% !(nc%(" de
*edere +" cerce%6%ri"r din 2es%. O+$enii c+re cns($6 $+i $("%e
+"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 Ai, +s%#e", +( (n +!r% $+i $+re de #iBre
+"i$en%+re, +( de +se$ene+ (n +!r% cresc(% de #ier>
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8 Ai %+%e
+ces%e+ d(c "+ creA%ere+ s%+%is%ic se$ni#ic+%i*6 + )e$/"Binei. Din
ne#ericire, + #s% +rec+re cn#(Cie !en%r( c6 (ne"e !ers+ne din
C)in+ r(r+"6, inc"(C7nd #e$ei Ai c!ii, +*e+( ni*e"(ri sc6C(%e de #ier.
Aces% "(cr( es%e =n $d s!eci+" +de*6r+% =n re/i(ni"e =n c+re s(n% $+i
#rec*en%e B"i"e !+r+Ci%+re. =n Cne"e din C)in+ r(r+"6 =n c+re B"i"e
!+r+Ci%+re er+( $+i #rec*en% =n%7"ni%e, !rcen%(" de #ier er+ $+i
sc6C(%.
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Ace+s%+ + #eri% (nr+ c+Ci+ de + s(s.ine c6 +ceA%i +$eni
+( ne*ie de $+i $("%6 c+rne, =ns6 d*eCi"e +r+%6 c6 !rB"e$+ +r #i
$("% $+i Bine reC"*+%6 d+c6 s8+r red(ce #rec*en.+ B"i"r !+r+Ci%+re
=n +ces%e re/i(ni.
O $+re !+r%e din in%eres(" #+.6 de #iBre"e +"i$en%+re + #s% s%7rni% de
c6"6%rii"e "(i B(r@i%% =n A#ric+ Ai s(s.inere+ "(i c6, "+ !!("+.ii"e c+re
+( +"i$en%+.ie $+i B/+%6 =n #iBre +"i$en%+re, c+ncer(" de in%es%in
/rs es%e $+i !(.in !reCen%. B(r@i%% es%e ce" c+re + #6c(% !!("+r6
+ce+s%6 s(s.inere, =ns6 !*es%e+ es%e *ec)e de ce" !(.in 9:: de +ni. =n
An/"i+, =n ("%i$+ !+r%e + sec"("(i U2II"[ Ai !ri$+ !+r%e + sec"("(i
UIU, se s(s.ine+ de c6%re $edicii de #r(n%e c6 cns%i!+.i+, c+re er+
+sci+%6 c( +"i$en%+.ii $+i !(.in *"($in+se F+dic6 +"i$en%+.ii c(
!(.ine #iBre *e/e%+"eG er+ +sci+%6 c( (n risc $+i $+re de c+ncer Fde
Bicei c+ncer de s7n Ai de in%es%ine>G. L+ =nce!(%(" Studiului <hina
+ce+s%6 cn*in/ere c6 #iBre"e +"i$en%+re +r !(%e+ !re*eni c+ncer(" de
in%es%in /rs er+ !(nc%(" de *edere !red$in+n%, deAi =n JOR9
C$i%e%(" !en%r( Die%6, N(%ri.ie Ai C+ncer +" Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e de
T%iin.6 n( + /6si% d*eCi cn*in/6%+re c+re s6 +r+%e c6 #iBre"e
+"i$en%+re... e<erci%6 (n e#ec% !r%ec%r =$!%ri*+ c+ncer("(i
c"rec%+" "+ +$eni.> R+!r%(" cnc"(Cin+ =n cn%in(+re, ... d+c6
+r e<is%+ (n +se$ene+ e#ec%, +n($i%e c$!nen%e s!eci#ice #iBre"r,
Ai n( #iBre"e +"i$en%+re =n /ener+", +r !(%e+ #i res!ns+Bi"e !en%r(
+ces%+>.
9:
Din !6c+%e, disc(.i+ n+s%r6 c( !ri*ire "+ +ce+s%6 c)es%i(ne
+ #s% in+dec*+%6. PrB"e$+ er+ c6 %recere+ =n re*is%6 + "i%er+%(rii de
s!eci+"i%+%e Ai in%er!re%+re+ d*eCi"r se cncen%r+( !re+ $("% s!re
(n +n($i% %i! de #iBre c+ #iind #+c%r(" de%er$in+n%. Ne/6sind nici
(n(", i!%eC+ c( !ri*ire "+ #iBre + #s% =nde!6r%+%6.
Ace+s%+ + cns%i%(i% /reAe+"6. Studiul <hina + #eri% d*eCi
c6 e<is%6 "e/6%(r6 c( +n($i%e c+ncere. ReC("%+%e"e +( +r6%+% c6
+!r%(" ridic+% de #iBre er+ cnsec*en% +sci+% c( r+%e $+i sc6C(%e +"e
c+ncere"r de rec% Ai c"n. A!r%(" $+i $+re de #iBre er+, de
+se$ene+, +sci+% Ai c( ni*e"(ri $+i sc6C(%e +"e c"es%er"("(i
s+n/(in.
L
> Desi/(r, (n cns($ $+re de #iBre re#"ec%+ (n cns($
$+re de +"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6W +"i$en%e c+ #+s"e+,
C+rC+*+%(ri"e c( #r(nCe *erCi Ai cere+"e"e in%e/r+"e s(n% %+%e B/+%e
=n #iBre.
ANTIGXIDANJII, G
,*U/GASL CGL=CJI=
Un+ din c+r+c%eris%ici"e ce"e $+i e*iden%e +"e !"+n%e"r es%e
$+re+ "r *+rie%+%e de c("ri *ii. D+c6 (r$6ri.i #e"(" c($ +r+%6
+"i$en%e"e, es%e /re( s6 /6si.i +"%ce*+ $+i #r($s dec7% (n !"+%( c(
#r(c%e Ai "e/($e. C("ri"e rA(, *erde, /+"Ben, $* Ai !r%c+"i( +"e
+"i$en%e"r *e/e%+"e s(n% is!i%i%+re Ai #+r%e s6n6%+se. Ace+s%6
"e/6%(r6 in%re +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 +%7% de #r($s c"r+%e
Ai e<ce!.in+"e"e "r Bene#icii !en%r( s6n6%+%e + #s% +dese+ sc+s6 =n
e*iden.6. =nse+$n6 c6 =n s!+%e"e +ces%ei "e/6%(ri =n%re c("+re Ai
s6n6%+%e e<is%6 re+"i%+%e #r($+s6, s"id6 din !(nc% de *edere
A%iin.i#ic.
C("ri"e #r(c%e"r Ai "e/($e"r !r*in de "+ $+re *+rie%+%e de
c$!(Ai c)i$ici n($i.i antio0idan)i. Aces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice se
/6sesc +!r+!e e<c"(si* in !"+n%e. =n +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6
s(n% !reCen%e d+r =n $6s(r+ =n c+re +ni$+"e"e "e cns($6 Ai "e
de!Ci%e+C6 =n $ici c+n%i%6.i =n .es(%(ri"e "r.
P"+n%e"e *ii i"(s%re+C6 #r($(se.e+ n+%(rii, +%7% =n ce !ri*eA%e
c("+re+, c7% Ai c)i$i+. E"e !rei+( ener/i+ de "+ s+re Ai %r+ns#r$6
=n *i+.6 !rin !rces(" #%sin%eCei. =n c+dr(" +ces%(i !rces, ener/i+
s"+r6 es%e $+i =n%7i %r+ns#r$+%6 =n /"(cide si$!"e, i+r +!i =n
)idr+.i de c+rBn $+i c$!"ecAi, /r6si$i Ai !r%eine.
Aces% !rces c$!"e< +re "c !rin%r8 +c%i*i%+%e des%(" de
!(%ernic6 =n in%erir(" !"+n%ei Ai %%(" se des#6A+r6 !rin sc)i$B(" de
e"ec%rni din%re $"ec("e. E"ec%rnii cns%i%(ie $edi(" de %r+ns#er +"
ener/iei. Lc(" =n c+re +re "c #%sin%eC+ se+$6n6 (n !ic c( (n
re+c%r n(c"e+r. E"ec%rnii c+re C($C6ie =n !"+n%6, c+re %r+ns#r$6
ener/i+ s+re"(i =n ener/ie c)i$ic6 %reB(ie %r+%+.i c( $+re +%en.ie.
D+c6 se =nde!6r%e+C6 de "+ "c(ri"e "r =n +ces% !rces, ei !% cre+
r+dic+"i "iBeri, c+re !% !rd(ce deC+s%r( =n !"+n%6. Ar #i c+ Ai c7nd
!+r%e+ !rinci!+"6 + (n(i re+c%r n(c"e+r +r +*e+ sc(r/eri de $+%eri+"e
r+di+c%i*e Fr+dic+"i "iBeriG c+re !% #i #+r%e !eric("Ai !en%r( Cne"e
=n*ecin+%e.
AA+d+r, =n ce #e" +d$inis%re+C6 !"+n%+ +ces%e re+c.ii c$!"e<e
Ai c($ se !r%e'e+C6 =$!%ri*+ e"ec%rni"r )in+ri Ai + r+dic+"i"r
"iBeri? E+ ridic6 (n sc(% =$!re'(r(" re+c.ii"r !%en.i+" !eric("+se,
c+re +Bs+rBe +ces%e s(Bs%+n.e !(%ernic re+c%i*e. Sc(%(" +ces%+ es%e
+"c6%(i% din +n%i<id+n.i c+re in%erce!%e+C6 Ai e*+c(e+C6 e"ec%rnii,
c+re +r !(%e+ +"%#e" s6 se +B+%6 de "+ dr($(" "r nr$+". An%i<id+n%ii
s(n% de Bicei c"r+.i, de+rece +cee+Ai !r!rie%+%e c)i$ic6 ce
+Bs+rBe e<ces(" de e"ec%rni cree+C6, de +se$ene+, Ai c("ri
*iCiBi"e. Unii din%re +ceA%i +n%i<id+n.i s(n% n($i.i c+r%eniCi, Ai
+ceA%i+ s(n% =n n($6r de s(%e. =n ce !ri*eA%e c("+re+, ei *+ri+C6 de "+
c("+re+ /+"Ben6 + Be%+8c+r%en("(i Fd*"e+cG, "+ rA(" "ic!en("(i
F%$+%eG !7n6 "+ c("+re+ !r%c+"ie + ce"r c( n($e ci(d+% 8
cri%<+n%ine F!r%c+"eG. A".i +n%i<id+n.i !% #i inc"ri Ai +ceA%i+
c(!rind s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice c($ es%e +cid(" +scrBic F*i%+$in+ CG Ai
*i%+$in+ E, c+re +c.ine+C6 c+ +n%i<id+n.i =n +"%e !6r.i +"e !"+n%ei ce
%reB(ie !r%e'+%e de !eric"(" e"ec%rni"r /re( de s%6!7ni%.
Cee+ ce #+ce c+ +ces% !rces s6 #ie se$ni#ic+%i* !en%r( ni,
#iin.e"e *ii, es%e #+!%(" c6 s(n%e$ !rd(c6%ri de $ici c+n%i%6.i de
r+dic+"i "iBeri !e !+rc(rs(" *ie.ii n+s%re. Si$!"+ e<!(nere "+ s+re,
"+ +n($i.i !"(+n.i ind(s%ri+"i Ai +!r%(ri deCec)i"iBr+%e de n(%rien.i
cree+C6 c+dr(" !en%r( +#ec%+re nedri%6 !rd(s6 de r+dic+"ii "iBeri.
R+dic+"ii "iBeri s(n% !eric("Ai. Ei !% #+ce c+ .es%(ri"e n+s%re s6
de*in6 ri/ide, i+r #(nc.in+re+ "r s6 #ie "i$i%+%6. Se+$6n6 (n !ic c(
=$B6%r7nire+, c7nd cr!(ri"e n+s%re sc7r.7ie Ai =n.e!enesc. =n $+re
c+$ +ce+s%+ e =$B6%r7nire+. Ace+s%6 +#ec%+re necn%r"+%6, !rd(s6
!rin r+dic+"ii "iBeri, #+ce, de +se$ene+, !+r%e din !rces(" c+re d6
n+A%ere "+ c+%+r+c%e, ri/idiC+re+ +r%ere"r, c+ncere, e$#iCe$, +r%ri%6 Ai
$("%e +"%e B"i c+re e<is%6 "+ *7rs%+ =n+in%+%6.
=ns6 i+%6 s(r!riC+ ne+A%e!%+%6I ni n( cns%r(i$ =n $d n+%(r+"
sc(%(ri c+re s6 ne !r%e'eCe =$!%ri*+ r+dic+"i"r "iBeri. C($ n(
s(n%e$ !"+n%e, n( des#6A(r6$ #%sin%eC6 Ai de +cee+ n( ne
!rd(ce$ nici (n(" din !r!rii +n%i<id+n.i. Din #ericire,
+n%i<id+n%ii din !"+n%e "(cre+C6 =n cr!(ri"e n+s%re =n +ce"+Ai #e" =n
c+re "(cre+C6 =n !"+n%e. Es%e +r$nie $in(n+%6. P"+n%e"e #+c
sc(%(ri"e din +n%i<id+n.i Ai, =n +ce"+Ai
%i$!, =i #+c s6 +!+r6 incrediBi" de #r($Ai c( c("ri $in(n+%e,
+!e%is+n%e. A%(nci ni, #iin.e *ii, "+ r7nd(" ns%r(, s(n%e$ +%r+se de
!"+n%e, "e $7nc6$ Ai =$!r($(%6$ sc(%(ri"e "r de +n%i<id+n.i
!en%r( !r!ri+ n+s%r6 s6n6%+%e. Die c6 crede.i =n D($neCe(, =n
e*"(.ie s+( d+r =n cinciden%6, %reB(ie s6 +d$i%e.i c6 +ces%+
cns%i%(ie (n e<e$!"( $in(n+%, +!r+!e s!iri%(+", de =n.e"e!ci(ne +
n+%(rii.
=n Studiul <hina ni +$ e*+"(+% +n%i<id+n.ii =nre/is%r7nd
+!r%(ri"e de *i%+$in+ C Ai Be%+8c+r%en Ai $6s(r7nd ni*e"(ri"e din
s7n/e +"e *i%+$inei C, E Ai + c+r%eniCi"r. =n%re +ceA%i Bi$+r@eri
+n%i<id+n.i, *i%+$in+ C ne8+ #eri% d*eCi"e ce"e $+i i$!resin+n%e.
Ce+ $+i se$ni#ic+%i*6 +sciere din%re *i%+$in+ C Ai c+ncer +
#s% re"+.i+ +ces%ei+ c( n($6r(" de #+$i"ii !redis!(se + #+ce c+ncer
din #iec+re Cn6.
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C7nd ni*e"(ri"e de *i%+$in+ C din s7n/e er+(
#+r%e sc6C(%e, +ces%e #+$i"ii er+( $+i !redis!(se "+ inciden.6 $+i
$+re + c+ncer("(i.e O !reCen.6 red(s6 de *i%+$in+ C er+ =n $d
!red$in+n% +sci+%6 c( (n risc $+i $+re de c+ncer de es#+/
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"e(ce$ie Ai c+ncere +"e n+s("(i Ai #+rin/e"(i, de s7n, s%$+c, #ic+%,
rec%, c"n Ai !"6$7ni. C+ncer(" es#+/i+n + #s% ce" din%7i c+re +
+%r+s !e !rd(c6%rii !r/r+$("(i de %e"e*iCi(ne NO2A s6 de+
r+!+r%e des!re $r%+"i%+%e+ c+ncer("(i =n C)in+. Aces% !r/r+$ de
%e"e*iCi(ne + #s% ce" c+re ne8+ s%i$("+% c+ s6 *ede$ ce se +#"6 =n
s!+%e"e +ces%ei !*eA%i. 2i%+$in+ C !r*ine =n !ri$(" r7nd din #r(c%e
i+r cns($(" de #r(c%e er+ de +se$ene+ in*ers +sci+% c( c+ncer(" de
es#+/.>
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R+%+ c+ncer("(i er+ de cinci !7n6 "+ !% ri $+i $+re =n
Cne"e (nde cns($(" de #r(c%e er+ ce" $+i red(s. Aces% e#ec% +"
*i%+$inei C c+re e<is%+ !en%r( c+ncer, e<is%+ Ai !en%r( B+"+
crn+ri+n6, )i!er%ensi(ne+ +r%eri+"6 Ai +cciden%(" *+sc("+r cereBr+".>
A!r%(" de *i%+$in+ C din #r(c%e +r6%+ c"+r (n !(%ernic e#ec%
!r%ec%r =$!%ri*+ + nen($6r+%e B"i.
Ce"e"+"%e e*+"(6ri +"e +n%i<id+n.i"r, ni*e"(ri"e s+n/(ine +"e
+"#+ Ai Be%+8c+r%en("(i F(n !rec(rsr de *i%+$in6G Ai +"#+ Ai /+$+
%c#er"("(i F*i%+$in+ EG, cns%i%(ie d+r s"+Bi indic+%ri +i
e#ec%e"r +n%i<id+n.i"r. AceA%i +n%i<id+n.i s(n% %r+ns!r%+.i =n
s7n/e de c6%re "i!!r%ein6, c+re es%e Ai %r+s!r%r(" c"es%er"("(i
r6(>. AA+ c6 de #iec+re d+%6 c7nd
$6s(r6$ +ceA%i +n%i<id+n.i, ni $6s(r6$ si$("%+n Ai Bi$+r@erii
nes6n6%Ai. Aces%+ + #s% (n c$!r$is e<!eri$en%+" c+re ne
di$in(+ c+!+ci%+%e+ de + de%ec%+ e#ec%e"e Bene#ice +"e c+r%eniCi"r
Ai %c#er"i"r, c)i+r d+c6 se A%ie c6 +ces%e Bene#icii e<is%6.
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A$
desc!eri%, %%(Ai, c6 inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de s%$+c er+ $+i $+re
c7nd ni*e"(" din s7n/e +" Be%+8c+r%en("(i er+ $+i sc6C(%.
PL
P(%e$ s!(ne ni c6 *i%+$in+ C, Be%+8c+r%en(" Ai #iBre"e
+"i$en%+re s(n% sin/(re"e res!ns+Bi"e !en%r( !re*enire+ +ces%r
c+ncere? C( +"%e c(*in%e, +r !(%e+ !i"("6 ce cn.ine *i%+$in+ C Ai
Be%+8c+r%en s+( (n s(!"i$en% c( #iBre *e/e%+"e s6 creeCe +ces%e
e#ec%e !en%r( s6n6%+%e? N(. S6n6%+%e+ es%e %ri($#6%+re n( !rin
n(%rien.ii "(+.i indi*id(+", =n !+r%e, ci !rin cns($(" de +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e c+re cn.in +ceA%i n(%rien.iI +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6.
=n%r8(n c+s%rn c( s+"+%6 de s!+n+c, de !i"d6, +*e$ #iBre, +n%i<id+n.i
Ai (n n($6r #+r%e $+re de +".i n(%rien.i c+re rc)es%re+C6 =$!re(n6
si$#nie #en$en+"6 + s6n6%6.ii !en%r( c6 "(cre+C6 =n +ns+$B"( =n
in%erir(" cr!("(i ns%r(. Mes+'(" n( +r !(%e+ #i $+i si$!"(I
cns($+.i c7% $+i $("%e #r(c%e, "e/($e Ai cere+"e in%e/r+"e Ai *e.i
B.ine %+%e Bene#icii"e Bser*+%e $+i s(s, d+r Ai $("%e +"%e"e.
E( +$ s(s.in(% +ces% !(nc% de *edere !ri*ind *+"+re+ !en%r(
s6n6%+%e e<c"(si* + +"i$en%e"r in%e/r+"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 =nc6 de
c7nd +( #s% in%rd(se !e !i+.6 s(!"i$en%e"e de *i%+$ine. A$
(r$6ri% c( cns%ern+re Ai =n/rCi% =n ce #e" ind(s%ri+ Ai $edi+ +(
cn*ins !e +%7% de $(".i +$eric+ni c6 +ces%e !rd(se +( +cee+Ai
*+"+re n(%ri%i*6 c+ Ai cns($+re+ de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6. AA+ c($ *$ *ede+ =n c+!i%"e"e #in+"e, Bene#icii"e
!r$ise !en%r( s6n6%+%e !rin "(+re+ de s(!"i$en%e c( (n sin/(r
n(%rien% se d*edesc + #i #+r%e disc(%+Bi"e. Te$+ !en%r( +c+s6>I
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cn%+Bi". Ace+s%6 #+r%e $+re di#eren.6 =n%re +!r%(" c+"ric ce e<is%6
si/(r =n%re +ces%e
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/r(!e, =n #(nc.ie de ni*e"(" +c%i*i%6.ii "r #iCice. D(!6 ce +$ $6s(r+%
+!r%(i c+"ric +" celor mai pu)in activi c)ineCi, ec)i*+"en%("
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+" +$eric+n("(i o*i%nuit. Cee+ ce +$ desc!eri% + #s% (i$i%r.
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er+ c( M56 mai mare "+ +ceA%i cei $+i !(.in +c%i*i c)ineCi dec7% "+
+$eric+nii BiAn(i.i. Ti, c( %+%e +ces%e+, /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6 + "r
er+ c( 9: 6 mai mic' F/r+#ic(" P.JJG. C($ se !+%e +A+ ce*+ c+,
c)i+r Ai cei $+i !(.in +c%i*i c)ineCi c+re +( (n +!r% de $+i $("%e
c+"rii, s6 n( +iB6 %%(Ai !rB"e$e de s(!r+/re(%+%e? C+re es%e
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!(nc% de *edere #iCic dec7% +$eric+nii BiAn(i.i. Oricine es%e (n !ic
#+$i"i+riC+% c( C)in+ A%ie c6 $(".i #(nc.in+ri de Bir( circ("6 c(
Bicic"e%+. =n +ces% #e", ei cns($6 $+i $("%e c+"rii. C)i+r Ai +A+, ni
n( !(%e$ A%i c7% de $("% din e<%r+ cns($(" de c+"rii se d+%re+C6
+c%i*i%6.ii #iCice Ai c7% de $("% +"%(i "(cr(, !+%e +"i$en%+.iei "r.
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in/er6 di#eri% de +".i +$eni. Ni s!(ne$ +dese+ +re (n
$e%+B"is$ $+i +c%i*> s+( e =n /ene"e "(i>. C(n+A%e.i +ces% #e" de
+$eni. S(n% cei c+re $6n7nc6 %% ce dresc Ai %%(Ai n( se =n/r+A6.
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+!r%(" c+"ric 8 +A+ /7ndi$ ni. Ace+s%+ es%e in%er!re%+re
si$!"is%6.
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*+s%e"e n+s%re cerce%6ri, c7% Ai !e s%(dii"e +"%r+. I+%6 c($ s%+(
"(cr(ri"e. =n c+C(" =n c+re n( ne res%ric.in6$ +!r%(" c+"ric, +cei+
din%re ni c+re +*e$ die%6 B/+%6 =n /r6si$i, B/+%6 =n !r%eine,
re.ine$ !(r Ai si$!"( $+i $("%e c+"rii dec7% +*e$ ne*ie. Ni
de!Ci%6$ +ces%e c+"rii c+ /r6si$i =n r/+nis$, #ie !rin s%rec(r+re+
+ces%r+ =n%re #iBre"e $(Ac)i"r nA%ri Fn($i$ +ce+s%+ $+r$r+%> "+
c6rn(ri"e +ni$+"e"rG, #ie !rin de!Ci%+re+ "r =n "c(ri $+i *iCiBi"e
c($ +r #i AeC(%(", %+"i+, #+.+ s+( !+r%e+ de s(s + c+!se"r.
I+%6 +c($ B$B+I e ne*ie d+r de c+n%i%+%e red(s6 de
c+"rii c+re s6 #ie re.in(%e de cr!(" ns%r( !en%r( + !rd(ce
$di#ic6ri se$ni#ic+%i*e =n ce !ri*eA%e /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6. De
e<e$!"(, d+c6 re.ine$ d+r cinciCeci de c+"rii =n !"(s !e Ci, +ce+s%+
!+%e d(ce "+ (n e<ces !nder+" de L @/ !e +n. P+%e sc%i.i c6 n( e
$("%, d+r =n %i$! de cinci +ni se +d(n6 9L de
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$d %ere%ic +ces% "(cr( +r !(%e+ #+ce di#eren.6, d+r es%e
c$!"e% ne!r+c%ic. Es%e i$!siBi" + (r$6ri (n +!r% c+"ric c(
+se$ene+ !reciCie. G7ndi.i8*6 c6 "(+.i $+s+ "+ res%+(r+n%.
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!e c+re !re/6%i.i *i =nAi*6? D+r c%"e%(" !e c+re ="
c($!6r+.i? T%i.i n($6r(" de c+"rii !e c+re "e cn.in? Desi/(r
c6 n(.
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+"e re/i$(ri"r !e c+re "e !(%e$ (r$+, r/+nis$(" ns%r( es%e
+ce"+ c+re, !rin $("%i!"e $ec+nis$e, *+ +"e/e =n ce"e din (r$6
c7% de $("%e c+"rii s6 !rei+ Ai ce s6 #+c6 c( e"e. =ncerc+re+
n+s%r6 de + "i$i%+ +!r%(" c+"ric es%e de sc(r%6 d(r+%6 Ai es%e
i$!recis6, #ie c6 #+ce$ !rin "i$i%+re+ )idr+.i"r de c+rBn,
#ie !rin "i$i%+re+ /r6si$i"r. Or/+nis$(" #"seA%e (n +c%
de"ic+% de ec)i"iBr+re, !rin%r8 serie de $ec+nis$e c$!"e<e
+%(nci c7nd decide c($ s6 (%i"iCeCe c+"rii"e !e c+re "e8+ !ri$i%.
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cres!(nC6%+re, e" A%ie c($ s6 re!+r%iCeCe c+"rii"e, s6 "e sc+%6 din
de!Ci%e"e de /r6si$i Ai s6 "e #"se+sc6 =n #(nc.ii $+i de dri%, c($
+r #i s6 $en.in6 cr!(" c+"d, s6 des#6A+re $e%+B"is$("
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dis!(n6 ce se #+ce c( (n +n($i% e<ces. Or/+nis$(" #"seA%e $("%e
$ec+nis$e in%ric+%e !en%r( + decide =n ce #e" s(n% #"si%e c+"rii"e,
d+c6 s(n% de!Ci%+%e s+( +rse>.
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c+"rii c+re +r #i #s% cn*er%i%e !en%r( =nc6"Cire+ r/+nis$("(i s6 #ie
%r+ns#r$+%e =n #r$6 de de!Ci% 8 c+ /r6si$e =n cr! Fc( e<ce!.i+
c+C("(i c7nd res%ric.ie c+"ric6 se*er6 !rd(ce sc6dere+ =n
/re(%+%eG. =n sc)i$B, die%e"e c( +!r% red(s de !r%eine Ai /r6si$i
re+"iCe+C6 deB+r+s+re+> de c+"rii !rin cn*ersi+ "r =n c6"d(r6
cr!r+"6. =n cerce%+re, ni s!(ne$ c6 + de!Ci%+ $+i $("%e c+"rii
s(B #r$6 de /r6si$i Ai + !ierde $+i !(.ine s(B #r$6 de c6"d(r6
=nse+$n6 + #i $+i e#icien%. P(n !+ri( c6 +.i dri $+i de/r+B6 s6 #i.i
(n !ic $+i nee#icien.i Ai s6 "e cn*er%i.i $+i Bine =n c6"d(r6 !en%r(
r/+nis$ dec7% =n /r6si$e =n r/+nis$, n(8i +A+? Ei Bine, se !+%e
re+"iC+ +ces% "(cr( =n%r8(n $d #+r%e si$!"(, #"sind die%6 red(s6
=n /r6si$i Ai !r%eine.
Ace+s%+ es%e cee+ ce +r+%6 s%(di(" ns%r( +s(!r+ c)ineCi"r. Ei
cns($6 $+i $("%e c+"rii +%7% !en%r( c6 s(n% $+i +c%i*i din !(nc% de
*edere #iCic, c7% Ai !en%r( #+!%(" c6 die%+ "r s6r+c6 =n !r%eine Ai
/r6si$i re+"iCe+C6 cn*ersi+ +ces%r c+"rii n( =n /r6si$e =n cr!, ci
=n c6"d(r6 !en%r( cr!. Aces% "(cr( es%e +de*6r+% Ai =n c+C(" ce"(i $+i
!(.in +c%i* c)ineC. N( (i%+.i, es%e ne*ie de d+r #+r%e !(.in, d+r
cinciCeci de c+"rii !e Ci, c+ s6 se $di#ice de!Ci%+re+ de /r6si$e =n
cr! Ai +s%#e" s6 se $di#ice /re(%+%e+ n+s%r6 cr!r+"6.
LR
A$ *6C(% +ce"+Ai #en$en "+ +ni$+"e"e n+s%re de e<!erien.6
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ce*+ $+i $("%e c+"rii, !ierde+( =n /re(%+%e, c+"rii"e =n !"(s er+(
#"si%e !en%r( =nc6"Cire+ cr!("(i
LO
Ai =n $d *"(n%+r #6ce+( $+i
$("%6 $iAc+re
S:
Ai =n +ces% %i$! se
=$B"n6*e+( $("% $+i !(.in de c+ncer dec7% +ni$+"e"e c( die%6
s%+nd+rd. Ni +$ desc!eri% c6 +ces%e c+"rii er+( +rse> $+i re!ede
Ai %r+ns#r$+%e =n c6"d(r6 !en%r( cr! =n +ce"+Ai %i$! cns($7nd(8se
$+i $("% <i/en.
LO
=n.e"e/ere+ #+!%("(i c6 die%+ !+%e !rd(ce $ici $di#ic6ri =n
$e%+B"is$(" c+"rii"r, cee+ ce cnd(ce "+ $+ri $di#ic6ri =n
/re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6, cns%i%(ie (n cnce!% i$!r%+n% Ai (%i". Ace+s%+
=nse+$n6 c6 e<is%6 (n !rces rdn+% de cn%r"+re + /re(%6.ii
cr!r+"e =n %i$!, c+re +re reC("%+%e, s!re deseBire de !rces("
deCrdn+% c+re n( =Ai =nde!"ineA%e $isi(ne+, =n c+C(" die%e"r
*6%6$6%+re. Ace+s%+ "6$(reA%e, de +se$ene+, #rec*en%e"e cns%+%6ri
Fdisc(%+%e =n c+!i%"(" SG c6 !ers+ne"e c+re #"sesc die%e s6r+ce =n
!r%eine Ai /r6si$i, +"c6%(i%e d+r din +"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6,
+( #+r%e !(.ine !rB"e$e c( /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6, c)i+r d+c6 +( (n
+!r% de +ce"+Ai n($6r de c+"rii, s+( c)i+r ce*+ $+i $("%e.
ALIMENTAIA TI
DIMENSIUNEA CORPULUI
Ac($ A%i$ c6 d+c6 #"si$ +"i$en%+.ie c( !(.ine /r6si$i,
!(.ine !r%eine Ai B/+%6 =n )idr+.i de c+rBn c$!"ecAi d$ #r(c%e Ai
"e/($e, +ce+s%+ ne *+ +'(%+ s6 !ierde$ =n /re(%+%e. D+r d+c6 *re$ s6
#i$ $+i $+ri? Drin.+ de + #i c7% $+i =n+"% Ai Bine #6c(% es%e !reCen%6
+!r+!e =n %+%e c("%(ri"e, =n !eri+d+ de c"niC+re + Asiei Ai A#ricii
e(r!enii c)i+r =i cnsider+( !e +$enii $+i $ici c+ #iind $+i !(.in
ci*i"iC+.i.
M6ri$e+ cr!("(i !+re + #i $+rc6 de B6rB6.ie, c(r+' Ai
+(%ri%+%e.
M+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r cnsider6 c6 !% #i $+i *inici Ai $+i
!(%ernici d+c6 $6n7nc6 +"i$en%e B/+%e =n !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6. Ace+s%6 cn*in/ere !r*ine din idee+ c6 + cns($+
!r%eine Fc+rneG es%e neces+r !en%r( + +*e+ #r.6 #iCic6. A #s% idee
"+r/ =$!6r%6Ai%6 de +$eni "(n/6 !eri+d6 de %i$!. C)ineCii c)i+r
+( rec$+nd+% #ici+" die%6 B/+%6 =n !r%eine !en%r( + +*e+ +%"e.i
$+i Bine deC*"%+.i Ai + #i $+i c$!e%i%i*i "+ 'c(ri"e "i$!ice.
A"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( $+i $("%e !r%eine Ai +ces%e
!r%eine s(n%
cnsider+%e + #i de c+"i%+%e $+i B(n6>. Pr%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6
se B(c(r6 de +cee+Ai re!(%+.ie =n%r8 C)in6 c+re se $derniCe+C6
r+!id, c+ !re%(%indeni de +"%#e".
E<is%6 %%(Ai !rB"e$6 =n ce !ri*eA%e idee+ c6, d+c6 $6n7nci
+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, +ce+s%+ es%e c+"e B(n6 de + de*eni $+i
cr!"en%. O+$enii c+re cns($6 ce"e $+i $("%e !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 +( ce"e $+i $("%e B"i de ini$6, ce"e $+i $("%e c+ncere Ai
di+Be%. =n Studiul <hina, de e<e$!"(, cns($(" de !r%eine +ni$+"e
+ #s% +sci+% c( +$eni $+i =n+".i Ai $+i /rei
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=.i $er/e $+i Bine, +d(ce d(!6 sine Ai (n cs% $+i $+re. T%(Ai, es%e
+re !siBi" s6 +'(n/e$ "+ !%en.i+"(" de creA%ere de!"in, d+r =n
+ce"+Ai %i$! s6 $ini$+"iC6$ risc(ri"e de B+"6?
R+%+ de creA%ere =n c!i"6rie n( + #s% $6s(r+%6 =n c+dr("
Studiului <hina, =n sc)i$B =n6".i$e+ Ai /re(%+%e+ +d(".i"r +( #s%.
In#r$+.ii"e s8+( d*edi% + #i s(r!rinC6%+re. Cns($(" de $+i $("%e
!r%eine + #s% +sci+% c( $6ri$e $+i $+re + cr!("(i F+%7%
JJJ

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SJ
Ti, +ces% e#ec% + #s% +%riB(i%
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+!r%(" !r%eic %%+" +" c)ineCi"r. Cns($(" de !r%eine +ni$+"e +
#s%, de +se$ene+, +sci+% c( /re(%+%e cr!r+"6 $+i $+re
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cns($(" de "+!%e B/+% =n !r%eine !+re + #i !rd(s +ce"+Ai e#ec%.>
=ns6 *es%e+ ce+ B(n6 es%e +ce+s%+I Un +!r% $+i $+re de !r%eine
*e/e%+"e er+ s%r7ns "e/+% de =n6".i$e $+i $+re> Ai /re(%+%e
cr!r+"6 $+i $+re>. M6ri$e+ cr!("(i es%e "e/+%6 de !r%eine =n
/ener+" Ai +%7% !r%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c7% Ai ce"e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6 s(n% e#icien%e =n +ces% sc!H
Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 c6 +$enii !% +%in/e !%en.i+"(" "r /ene%ic
=n ce !ri*eA%e deC*"%+re+ Ai $6ri$e+ cr!("(i #"sind die%6 de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6. A%(nci de ce +$enii din .6ri"e =n c(rs de
deC*"%+re, c+re cns($6 !(.ine +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s+(
+!r+!e de"c, s(n% $+i $ici dec7% +$enii din 2es%? Ace+s%+ se
=n%7$!"6 de+rece die%e"e !e
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c+"i%+%i* Ai s(n% +sci+%e c( cndi.ii de s6n6%+%e !(B"ic6 de#ici%+re, =n
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=$!iedic+%6, i+r +$enii n( +%in/ !%en.i+"(" "r /ene%ic =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e di$ensi(ne+ cr!("(i c+ +d("%. =n Studiul <hina =n6".i$e
Ai /re(%+%e cr!r+"6 $ic6 =n !eri+d+ de +d("% +( #s% !(%ernic
+sci+%e c( Cne"e c( r+%e $+ri +"e $r%+"i%6.ii !rin %(Berc("C6e,
BB[ !+r+Ci%+re
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in%es%in+"6[>> Ai B"i di/es%i*e.e
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+%ins6 #"sind die%6 s6r+c6 =n /r6si$i, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6,
cndi.ii"e de s6n6%+%e !(B"ic6 %reB(ind s6 !+%6 cn%r"+ e#icien%
B"i"e s6r6ciei. =n +ces%e cndi.ii, B"i"e +#"(en.ei FB+"+ de ini$6,
c+ncere"e, di+Be%(", e%c.G +'(n/ =n +ce"+Ai %i$! s6 #ie $ini$e.
Acee+Ai +"i$en%+.ie s6r+c6 =n !r%eine Ai /r6si$i de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 +'(%6 ia !re*enire+ BeCi%6.ii Ai, de +se$ene+, !er$i%e
+$eni"r s6 +%in/6 !%en.i+"(" "r de!"in de creA%ere, =n %i$! ce
"(cre+C6 Ai +"%e $in(niI re/("+riCe+C6 c"es%er"(" s+n/(in, red(ce
B+"+ de ini$6 Ai n($er+se #r$e de c+ncer.
C+re s(n% A+nse"e c+ %+%e +ces%e +scieri FAi $("%e +"%e"eG ce
s(n% =n #+*+re+ (nei +"i$en%+.ii de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, s6 #ie d+%r+%e
(nei !(re =n%7$!"6ri? E<%re$ de $ici, +s%+ c+ s6 ne e<!ri$6$ =n
%er$enii cei $+i ind("/en.i. Un n($6r +%7% de $+re de d*eCi
re"e*+n%e !rin +%7% de $("%e +scieri cns%i%(ie (n "(cr( r+r =n
cerce%+re+ A%iin.i#ic6. Ace+s%+ cnd(ce c6%re (n n( !(nc% de *edere
=n "($e, c6%re n(6 !+r+di/$6. Rede#ineA%e s%+%(s8a(8(", !r$i%e
ni Bene#icii !en%r( s6n6%+%e Ai s"ici%6 +%en.i+ n+s%r6.
CGNSID=*AJII *=T*GS(=CTIE=
L+ =nce!(%(" c+rierei $e"e $8+$ cncen%r+% +s(!r+ !rcese"r
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de decenii din "+Br+%r, c7nd +$ #6c(% e<!eri$en%e !e +ni$+"e,
+c%i*i%+%e c+re =n%r(neA%e cerin.e"e neces+re !en%r( + #i n($i%6
A%iin.6 +de*6r+%6>. Desc!erire+ +
#s%I c+Cein6, Ai !rB+Bi" %+%e !r%eine"e +ni$+"e, +r !(%e+ #i
s(Bs%+n.e"e c( ce" $+i re"e*+n% e#ec% c+nceri/en din ce"e !e c+re "e
cns($6$. Mdi#ic+re+ c+n%i%6.ii de c+Cein6 din die%6 +re !(%ere+ de
+ !$i Ai s%!+ deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i Ai de + cn%r"+ e#ec%e"e
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din c"+s+ IAW =ns6, c)i+r d+c6 +ces%e desc!eriri +( #s% =n $d
s(Bs%+n.i+" cn#ir$+%e, e"e se +!"ic+( %%(Ai +ni$+"e"r de e<!erien.6.
AA+d+r e( +$ !ri*i% c( $("%6 s!er+n.6 c6%re Studiul <hina
!en%r( + B.ine d*eCi =n ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" de #ic+% "+ +$eni.>
R+%+ c+ncer("(i de #ic+% es%e #+r%e $+re =n C)in+ r(r+"6, c)i+r din
c+"e +#+r6 de $+re =n +n($i%e Cne. De ce +ces% "(cr(? Princi!+"("
*in*+% !6re+ + #i in#ec.i+ c( *ir(s(" )e!+%i%ei B F5B2G. In $edie,
c+$ J98JQ^ din s(Biec.ii s%(di("(i ns%r( er+( in#ec%+.i c( +ces%
*ir(s. =n (neie Cne, c)i+r '($6%+%e din +$eni er+( crnic in#ec%+.iH
C+ s6 *ede.i ce =nse+$n6 +ces% "(cr(, din%re +$eric+ni d+r :,98:,Q^
s(n% crnic in#ec%+.i c( +ces% *ir(s.
Ins6 e ce*+ $+i $("% de8+%7%. Pe "7n/6 *ir(s(" +ces%+ c+ Ai
c+(C6 !en%r( c+ncer(" de #ic+% din C)in+, se !+re c6 Ai +"i$en%+.i+
'+c6 (n r" cen%r+". C($ de A%i$ +ces% "(cr(? Ni*e"(ri"e de
c"es%er" +( cns%i%(i% indic+%r(" !rinci!+". C+ncer(" de #ic+% es%e
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Ai
ni A%i$ de'+ c6 +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(n% res!ns+Bi"e
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"+Br+%r ne8+( d+% (n B(n se$n+". L+ A+reci, 5B28(" + ini.i+%
c+ncer(" de #ic+%, d+r c+ncer(" + cresc(% c+ r6s!(ns "+ die%+ c( +!r%
$+i $+re de c+Cein6. Cnc$i%en% + cresc(% Ai c"es%er"(" s+n/(in.
Aces%e Bser*+.ii se !%ri*esc !er#ec% c( cee+ ce +$ desc!eri% ni "+
+$eni. Pers+ne"e c+re s(n% crnic in#ec%+%e c( 5B2 Ai c+re
cns($6 +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( c"es%er"(" $+re Ai r+%6
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necres!(nC6%+re es%e ce+ c+re +!+s6 !e %r6/+ci.
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$e( de /7ndire. O re+"i%+%e !"in6 de se$ni#ic+.ie ce s(/ere+C6
!rinci!ii"e i$!r%+n%e c+re s8+r !(%e+ +!"ic+ Ai "+
+"%e +scieri din%re die%6 Ai c+ncer. De +se$ene+, re+"i%+%e c+re, deAi
e =n s%+re s6 s+"*eCe *ie.i, n( + #s% s!(s6 !(B"ic("(i, =n ce"e din (r$6
+ #s% s(i%6 =n%re+/6 de d*eCi Ai #+!%e c+re + cnd(s "+ idee+ c6
+r$+ n+s%r6 ce+ $+i i$!r%+n%6 =$!%ri*+ c+ncer("(i es%e )r+n+ !e
c+re $7nc6$ =n #iec+re Ci.
Ac($ er+ =n $7n+ n+s%r6. Anii de e<!eri$en%e !e +ni$+"e +(
scs "+ "($in6 !rinci!ii Ai !rcese Bic)i$ice !r#(nde c+re ne8+(
+'(%+% =n $+re $6s(r6 s6 e<!"ic6$ e#ec%(" +"i$en%+.iei +s(!r+
c+ncer("(i de #ic+%. D+r +c($ ni !(%e$ *ede+ c6 +ces%e !rcese
s(n% #+r%e re"e*+n%e Ai =n c+C(" +$eni"r. O+$enii in#ec%+.i crnic
c( *ir(s(" )e!+%i%ei B +*e+( Ai (n $+re risc de + #+ce c+ncer de #ic+%.
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Ai c+re cns($+( =n +ce"+Ai %i$! $+i $("%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine
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+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. S%(dii"e !e +ni$+"e"e de "+Br+%r Ai !e
+$eni s8+( !%ri*i% !er#ec%.
COND TGAT= IN,G*/AJIIL=
SUNT (US= CA( LA CA(
Ni, $+'ri%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r, *$ $(ri din c+(C+ B"i"r
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e#ec% #+r%e !(%ernic +s(!r+ +ces%r B"i. A"i$en%e"e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6 s(n% +sci+%e c( ni*e"(ri $+i '+se +"e c"es%er"("(i
s+n/(inW +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(n% +sci+%e c( ni*e"(ri $+i
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s(n% +sci+%e c( r+%e $+i $+ri +"e c+ncer("(i de s7nW +"i$en%e"e de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s(n% +sci+%e c( r+%e $+i $ici +"e +ces%(i+. DiBre"e Ai
+n%i<id+n.ii din !"+n%e s(n% +sci+.i c( (n risc $+i sc6C(% !en%r(
c+ncere"e %(B("(i di/es%i*. Die%e"e !e B+C6 de !"+n%e Ai (n s%i" de
*i+.6 +c%i* +( c+ reC("%+% /re(%+%e s6n6%+s6, +$enii !(%7nd =n
+ce"+Ai %i$! s6 #ie Bine deC*"%+.i Ai !(%ernici. S%(di(" ns%r( + #s%
c(!rinC6%r +%7% =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e desi/n(", c7% Ai =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e
desc!eriri"e "(i. Din "+Br+%+re"e de "+ 2ir/ini+ Tec) Ai
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i
!7n6 =n =nde!6r%+%+ C)in6, se !+re c6 A%iin.+ + crein+% (n %+B"( c"+r
Ai cnsec*en%I ni !(%e$ red(ce "+ $ini$($ risc(" de + #+ce B"i
#+%+"e d+r +"i$en%7nd(8ne c( )r+n+ !%ri*i%6.
C7nd +$ !rni% "+ =nce!(% +ces% !riec%, +$ =n%7$!in+% $("%6
reCis%en.6 din !+r%e+ (nr +$eni. Un(" din c"e/ii $ei de "+
Crne"i, c+re #(sese i$!"ic+% =n !"+n(ri"e de "+ =nce!(% !ri*ind
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n+s%re. E( +*+ns+se$ idee+ de + in*es%i/+ c7.i #+c%ri de n+%(r6
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c)i+r d+c6 +ce+s%+ se '(s%i#ic+ s+( n( !rin cerce%6ri +n%eri+re. D+c6
+s%+ *re$ s6 #+ce$, + s!(s e", +%(nci e" n( dre+ s6 +iB6 ni$ic de8+
#+ce c( +s%#e" de +Brd+re de %r+/ere c( %(n(">. Aces% c"e/
e<!ri$+ (n !(nc% de *edere c+re er+ $+i de/r+B6 =n %n c( $d(" de
/7ndire =n A%iin.6 "+ r+ +cee+, dec7% c( idee+ $e+. E" Ai +".i c"e/i
+se$ene+ "(i sc%esc c6 A%iin.+ e $+i e"c*en%6 +%(nci c7nd
in*es%i/)e+C6 d+r c7%e (n sin/(r #+c%r, "(+% iC"+% 8 Ai ne re#eri$
+ici "+ #+c%ri =n $+'ri%+%e c(nsc(.i. Ei s(s.in c6 d+c6 "(6$
$(".i$e de #+c%ri, =n $+re !+r%e nede#ini.i cnes!eci#icid, n(
de$ns%r6$ ni$ic. E nr$+" s6 $6s(r6$ e#ec%(" s!eci#ic, s6 Cice$
+" se"eni("(i =n c+C(" c+ncer("(i de s7n, d+r n( +re rs% s6 $6s(r6$
$("%i!"e"e cndi.ii n(%ri.in+"e =n +ce"+Ai s%(di(, c( s!er+n.+ de +
iden%i#ic+ %i!+re +"i$en%+re i$!r%+n%e.
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incrediBi"+ c$!"e<i%+%e Ai s(B%i"i%+%e + n+%(rii =ns6Ai. A$ dri% s6
in*es%i/)eC =n ce #e" se cre"e+C6 c( B+"+ di*erse"e %i!(ri de
+"i$en%+.ie 8 +ce+s%+ #iind idee+ de B+C6 + c6r.ii. :oate componentele
din m&ncare lucrea/' (mpreun' pentru a crea fie s'n'tatea, fie
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!+%e #i c+r+c%eris%ic+ (n(i +"i$en% =n =n%re/i$e, c( +%7% ne
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+ c6r.ii, +ces% $d de /7ndire + /ener+% $("% din A%iin.+ de s"+B6
c+"i%+%e. AA+d+r, e( s!(n c6 +*e$ ne*ie de $+i $("%, n( de $+i
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#+ce
cerce%+re? Desi/(r c6 n(. Cnsider e( c6 desc!eriri"e din Studiul
<hina cns%i%(ie d*+d+ A%iin.i#ic6 +Bs"(%6? Desi/(r, NU. O#er6
+ces%+ s(#icien%e in#r$+.ii =n *edere+ "(6rii (nr deciCii !r+c%ice?
ABs"(%, DA.
S%(di(" +ces%+ + scs "+ i*e+"6 re.e+ i$!resin+n%6 de
in#r$+.ii. =ns6 +re #iec+re #ir Fs+( +sciereG din c+dr(" +ces%(i
s%(di( $+$(% se !%ri*eA%e !er#ec% =n c+dr(" +ces%ei re.e"e de
in#r$+.ii? N(. DeAi $+'ri%+%e+ #ire"r se$ni#ic+%i*e din !(nc% de
*edere s%+%is%ic se !%ri*esc =n re.e+, +( #s% Ai c7%e*+ s(r!riCe.
M+'ri%+%e+, n( %+%e, +( #s% de'+ e<!"ic+%e de +%(nci.
Une"e +scieri Bser*+%e =n Studiul <hina, "+ !ri$+ *edere,
er+( =n necncrd+n.6 c( cee+ ce er+ de +A%e!%+% cn#r$ e<!erien.ei
din 2es%. A %reB(i% s6 #i( +%en% =n + se!+r+ desc!eriri"e neBiAn(i%e
c+re se !(%e+( d+%r+ =n%7$!"6rii Ai ins(#icien.ei e<!eri$en%+"e de
ce"e c+re desc)ide+( c( +de*6r+% ni !ers!ec%i*e *ec)i("(i ns%r(
$d de /7ndire. AA+ c($ +$ $en.in+% $+i de*re$e, cee+ ce +$
desc!eri% !ri*ind c"es%er"(" s+n/(in =n C)in+ r(r+"6 + #s%
s(r!riC6. L+ $$en%(" c7nd + =nce!(% Studiul <hina, *+"+re de
9::8Q:: $/0dL er+ cnsider+%6 nr$+"6, i+r ni*e"(ri"e $+i '+se er+(
cnsider+%e s(s!ec%e. De #+!%, (nii $e$Bri +i c$(ni%6.i"r A%iin.i#ice
Ai $edic+"e cnsider+( c"es%er"(" $+i $ic de JL: $/0 dL c+ #iind
!eric("s. De #+!%, !r!ri(" $e( c"es%er" er+ de 9S: $/0dL "+
s#7rAi%(" +ni"r [;:, nede8seBind(8se de ce" +" $e$Bri"r #+$i"iei
$e"e. Medic(" $i8+ s!(s c6 n( e nici !rB"e$6, e d+r $edi+>.
D+r +%(nci c7nd +$ $6s(r+% ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i =n C)in+ +$
#s% Ac+.i. Aces%+ er+ c(!rins =n%re ;: 8J;: $/0 dLH 2+"+re+ "r ce+
$+i $+re er+ *+"+re+ n+s%r6 ce+ $+i $ic6, i+r ni*e"(" "r ce" $+i
sc6C(% nici n( e<is%+ !e di+/r+$+ din c+Bine%(" $edic("(i +$eric+nH
De*enise e*iden% c6 idee+ n+s%r6 c( !ri*ire "+ *+"ri nr$+"e> se
+!"ic6 d+r *es%ici"r c+re cns($6 die%6 *es%ic6. AA+ se =n%7$!"6, de
e<e$!"(, c6 ni*e"(ri"e n+s%re >nr$+"e> de c"es%er" !reCin%6 (n
risc se$ni#ic+%i* !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6. Din ne#ericire, es%e de
+se$ene+ nr$+"> c6 +*e$ B"i de ini$6 =n A$eric+. De8+ "(n/("
+ni"r, +( #s% s%+Bi"i%e s%+nd+rde c+re cres!(nd c( cee+ ce *ede$ =n
2es%. Pre+ +dese+ cnsider6$ c6 *+"ri"e din
SUA s(n% nr$+"e> de+rece +*e$ i$!resi+ c6 e<!erien.+ din 2es%
es%e !rB+Bi" ce+ crec%6.
=n #in+", %6ri+ Ai cnsis%en.+ $+'ri%6.ii d*eCi"r s(n% s(#icien%e
!en%r( + %r+/e cnc"(Cii *+"+Bi"e, Bine =n%e$ei+%e. Ti +n($e,
+"i$en%e"e in%e/r+"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s(n% Bene#ice, =n %i$! ce
+"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 n( s(n% Bene#ice. P(.ine +"%e
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+*+n%+'e de + +r6%+ Bine, + creA%e =n+"% Ai + e*i%+ $+'ri%+%e+ B"i"r
c+re ne secer6 !re$+%(r =n c("%(r+ n+s%r6.
Studiul <hina + cns%i%(i% (n i$!r%+n% !(nc% de c%i%(r6 =n
/7ndire+ $e+. PCi.i+ sin/("+r6 n( dovede%te c6 +"i$en%+.i+ produce
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+ce+s%+, se !r!(ne %erie Ai +ce+s%+ es%e deCB6%(%6 !7n6 c7nd
/re(%+%e+ d*eCi"r es%e +%7% de c!"eAi%+re =nc7% %+%6 "($e+
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+de*6r+%6. =n c+C(" +"i$en%+.iei Ai B"ii, Studiul <hina +d+(/6 $("%6
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c+r+c%eris%ici +"e B"ii Ai s%i"("(i de *i+.6 Ai e<!erien.6 +"i$en%+r6
neBiAn(i% de +$!"6, $i'"+ce B(ne de + e*+"(+ c+"i%+%e+ d+%e"rG +(
#eri% !r%(ni%+%e #6r6 e/+" de + ne e<%inde $d(" de + /7ndi c(
!ri*ire I+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai B+"6, =n $d(ri c+re =n+in%e n( er+(
dis!niBi"e. S%(di(" + #s% c+ (n #("/er, c+re + U(rnin+% c+"e !e c+re
n( *6C(se$ nicid+%6 !e de!"in =n+in%e.
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+ni, +$ =nce%+% s6 $+i $6n7nc +!r+!e rice #e" de +"i$en%e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6, inc"(si* !rd(se "+c%+%e, e<ce!.ie #6c7nd d+r #+r%e
r+re c+Cii. C"es%er"(" $e( + sc6C(%, c)i+r d+c6 +$ =$B6%r7ni%W din
!(nc% de *edere #iCic s(n% $("% $+i Bine +c($ dec7% "+ d(6Ceci Ai
cinci de +niW Ai +$ c( 9: @/ $+i !(.in dec7% +*e+$ "+ %reiCeci de +ni.
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+d!%+% +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie, $(".($i%6 =n $+re !+r%e s.iei $e"e
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c+re $i8+( s!(s s6 $6 %reCesc. De "+ (n B6ie.+ndr( c+re Be+ ce" !(.in
9 "i%ri de "+!%e !e Ci, i+r $+i +!i (n %7n6r in%e"ec%(+" c+re =Ai B6%e+
'c de *e/e%+rieni, +$ #6c(% c%i%(r6 neBiAn(i%6 =n *i+.+ $e+.
T%(Ai n( d+r cerce%6ri"e $e"e $i8+( sc)i$B+% *i+.+. De8+
"(n/(" +ni"r +$ !6%r(ns $("% dinc" de cerce%6ri"e n+s%re c+ s6
*6d ce +( desc!eri% +".i cerce%6%ri c( !ri*ire "+ die%6 Ai s6n6%+%e. Pe
$6s(r6 ce cerce%6ri"e n+s%re s8+( e<%ins de "+ s!eci#ic "+ /ener+",
%+B"(" + cn%in(+% s6 se "6r/e+sc6. Ac($ !(%e$ !ri*i "+ "(cr6ri"e
+"%r +$eni de A%iin.6, !"+s7nd desc!eriri"e $e"e =n%r8(n cn%e<%
$+i "+r/. _i d(!6 c($ *e.i *ede+, ce cns%+%6$ es%e de8+ dre!%("
("(i%r.
PARTEA II
BOLILE ABUNDENTEI
Aici =n A$eric+, %r6i$ =n Be"A(/ Ai, +n($i%e B"i de
c+re $(ri$ s(n% c+(C+%e de +ces% "(cr(. M7nc6$
s!6%7nd(8ne c+ niA%e re/i Ai re/ine in %+%e Ci"e"e s6!%6$7nii Ai
+s%+ ne (cide. PrB+Bi" c(n+A%e.i +$eni c+re s(#er6 de B"i de
ini$6, c+ncer, +cciden%e *+sc("+re cereBr+"e, B+"+ A"C)ei$er,
BeCi%+%e s+( di+Be%. E<is%6 =n $+re !+r%e risc(" c+ Ai %( s6 s(#eri
de (n+ din +ces%e !rB"e$e s+( #+$i"i+ %+ s6 #ie +#ec%+%6 de (n+
din e"e. AA+ c($ +$ *6C(%, +ces%e B"i s(n% re"+%i* nec(nsc(%e =n
c("%(ri"e %r+di.in+"e, c+re s(!r+*ie.(iesc =n !rinci!+" d+%ri%6
+"i$en%e"r de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, c($ es%e c+C(" =n C)in+ r(r+"6.
=ns6 +ces%e !rB"e$e +!+r +%(nci c7nd c("%(r6 %r+di.in+"6 =nce!e
s6 +c($("eCe B/6.ii Ai =nce!e s6 $6n7nce din ce =n ce $+i $("%6
c+rne, !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai !rd(se r+#in+%e din !"+n%e Fc($ +r #i
Bisc(i.i, !iAc%(ri, !r6'i%(ri Ai B6(%(ri c+rB/+C+seG.
=n cn#erin.e"e $e"e !(B"ice, e( =$i =nce! !reCen%6ri"e
re"+%7nd +(di%ri("(i !r!ri+ $e+ e<!erien.6, e<+c% +A+ c($ +$
#6c(% Ai =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e. =n%%de+(n+ "+ s#7rAi%(" !re"e/erii !ri$esc
=n%reB+re de "+ cine*+ c+re *re+ s6 A%ie $+i $("% des!re
+"i$en%+.ie Ai +n($i%6 B+"6. S(n% A+nse, de +se$ene+, c+
+ce+s%6 B+"6 s6 #ie B+"6 + +B(nden.ei, !en%r( c6 de +A+ ce*+
$(ri$ +ici =n A$eric+.
S8+r !(%e+ s6 #i.i s(r!rinAi +#"7nd c6 B+"+ c+re *6
in%erese+C6 +re $("%e =n c$(n c( +"%e B"i +"e +B(nden%ei, =n
s!eci+" +%(nci c7nd *ine *rB+ de n(%ri.ie. TreB(ie s6 A%i.i c6 n(
e<is%6 +"i$en%+.ie s!eci+"6 !en%r( c+ncer Ai (n+ di#eri%6 de
+ce+s%+, %% s!eci+"6, !en%r( B"i"e de ini$6. D*eCi"e +d(n+%e
+c($ de "+ cerce%6%ri din =n%re+/+ "($e +r+%6 c6 +cee+Ai
+"i$en%+.ie c+re es%e B(n6 !en%r( !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i es%e B(n6
Ai !en%r( !re*enire+ B"ii de ini$6, c+ Ai + BeCi%6.ii, + di+Be%("(i,
+ c+%+r+c%e"r, + de/enerescen%ei $+c("+re, + B"ii A"C)ei$er, +
dis#(nc.iei
c/ni%i*e, + sc"erCei $("%i!"e, + s%e!rCei Ai + +"%r B"i. M+i
$("% dec7% +%7%, de +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie !+%e Bene#ici+ ricine,
indi#eren% c+re =i s(n% /ene"e s+( !redis!Ci.ii"e !ersn+"e.
T+%e +ces%e B"i, c+ Ai +"%e"e, +( +cee+Ai c+(C6I +"i$en%+.ie
nes6n6%+s6, #+r%e %<ic6 Ai (n s%i" de *i+.6 c+re se c+r+c%eriCe+C6
!rin%r8(n e<ces +" #+c%ri"r dec"+nA+%ri de B+"6 Ai de#icien.6 +
#+c%ri"r !r$%ri +i s6n6%6.ii. A"%#e" s!(s, die%+ *es%ic6. =n
ce"6"+"% %+"er +" B+"+n.ei e<is%6 die%6 c+re cn%r+c+re+C6 %+%e
+ces%e B"iI die%+ in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6.
Ur$6%+re"e c+!i%"e s(n% r/+niC+%e !e B"i, s+( !e /r(!e de
B"i. Diec+re c+!i%" cn.ine serie de d*eCi ce +r+%6 "e/6%(r+
din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai #iec+re din%re +ces%e B"i. P+rc(r/7nd
c+!i%"e"e (r$6%+re, *e.i =nce!e s6 *ede.i *+s%i%+%e+ Ai
!r#(nCi$e+ (i$i%+re"r +r/($en%e A%iin.i#ice =n #+*+re+ die%ei
in%e/r+" *e/e%+riene. Pen%r( $ine, cnsec*en.+ d*eCi"r c(
!ri*ire "+ #iec+re /r(! +!+r%e de B"i + cns%i%(i% ce" $+i
cn*in/6%r +s!ec% +" +ces%r +r/($en%e. C7nd +"i$en%+.ie de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 es%e Bene#ic6 8 Ai +ces% "(cr( es%e de$ns%r+Bi" 8
!en%r( +A+ $+re *+rie%+%e de B"i, es%e +re !siBi" c+ +$enii s6
#i #s% des%in+.i s6 #"se+sc6 +"%6 die%6? E( s!(n c6 n(, Ai cred
c6 d($ne+*+s%r6 *e.i #i de +crd c( $ine.
A$eric+ Ai $+'ri%+%e+ ce"r"+"%e n+.i(ni *es%ice +( =n.e"es
/reAi% re"+.i+ din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e Ai ni +$ !"6%i% (n !re.
#+r%e sc($! !en%r( +ce+s%6 /reAe+"6. S(n%e$ B"n+*i,
s(!r+!nder+"i Ai der(%+.i. C7nd +$ %rec(% de "+ s%(dii"e $e"e din
"+Br+%r "+ Studiul <hina Ai +$ d+% de in#r$+.ii"e disc(%+%e =n
P+r%e+ + I"8+, +$ #s% c!"eAi%. A$ +'(ns s68$i d+( se+$+ c6
$+'ri%+%e+ "(cr(ri"r =n.e"ese de ni, Ai "+ c+re .ine+$ #+r%e $("%,
s(n% /reAi%e Ai +de*6r(" des!re s6n6%+%e + #s%, =n $d #+r%e /r+*,
.in(% +sc(ns. D+r "(cr(" ce" $+i /r+* es%e c6 !(B"ic(" ne*in*+% +
!"6%i% !re.(" #in+". =n $+re $6s(r6, c+r%e+ !e c+re +*e.i =n $7n6
cns%i%(ie e#r%(" $e( de + =ndre!%+ +ces%e /reAe"i #6c(%e. AA+ c($
*e.i *ede+ =n c+!i%"e"e (r$6%+re, de "+ B+"+ de ini$6 "+ c+ncer
Ai de "+ BeCi%+%e "+ rBire, e<is%6 c+"e $("% $+i B(n6 s!re
s6n6%+%e+ !%i$6.
5
INIMI KDROBITE
P(ne $7n+ !e !ie!% Ai8.i *ei si$.i ini$+ B6%7nd. Ac($ !(ne8
.i $7n+ =n%r8(n "c (nde =.i !.i si$.i !("s(". Ace" !("s re!reCin%6
se$n6%(r+ #iin.ei %+"e. ini$+ %+, cre7nd +ce" !("s, "(cre+C6 !en%r(
%ine =n #iec+re $in(% +" Ci"ei, =n #iec+re Ci + +n("(i Ai =n #iec+re +n,
!e %% !+rc(rs(" *ie.ii %+"e. L(7nd =n c+"c(" $edi+ BiAn(i%6 de
*i+.6, ini$+ %+ *+ B+%e de +!r<i$+%i* %rei $i"i+rde de riH
J
Ac($, /7ndeA%e8%e c6 =n %i$!(" c+re .i8+ #s% neces+r !en%r(
+ ci%i !+r+/r+#(" de $+i s(s +r%er+ ini$ii (n(i +$eric+n s8+ B"c+%,
s8+ !ri% +#"(<(" de s7n/e Ai + =nce!(% (n !rces r+!id de $+r%e +
.es(%(ri"r Ai ce"("e"r. Aces% !rces es%e $+i Bine c(nsc(%,
desi/(r, s(B n($e"e de atac de inim'. =n %i$!(" c7nd *ei %er$in+
de ci%i% +ce+s%6 !+/in6, !+%r( +$eric+ni *r #i #6c(% de'+ (n +%+c de
crd, i+r +".i !+%r( *r #i c6C(% !r+d6 (n(i +cciden% *+sc("+r
cereBr+" s+( ins(#icien.ei c+rdi+ce.
9
=n dec(rs(" (r$6%+re"r
d(6Ceci Ai !+%r( de re, Q::: de +$eric+ni *r s(#eri +%+c(ri de
ini$6,
9
=n $+re c+$ +ce"+Ai n($6r de +$eni c+re +( !ieri% =n
+%+c(ri"e %erris%e de "+ JJ se!%e$Brie 9::J.
Ini$+ cns%i%(ie e"e$en%(" cen%r+" +" *ie.ii Ai, de #+r%e $("%e
ri =n A$eric+, e"e$en%(" cen%r+" "e/+% de $+r%e. D(nc.in+re+
de#ici%+r6 + ini$ii Ai0s+( sis%e$("(i circ("+%r *+ $r= P:^ din
+$eric+ni0 $+i $(".i dec7% cei (ciAi de rice +"%e +cciden%e s+( B"i,
inc"(si* c+ncer(". B+"+ de ini$6 + cns%i%(i% =n .+r+ n+s%r6 c+(C+
de B+"6 nr. J %i$! de $+i Bine de s(%6 de +ni.
P
Ace+s%6 B+"6 n(
rec(n+A%e "i$i%e de /en s+( r+s6W %.i s(n% +#ec%+.i. D+c6 +i =n%reB+
!e $+'ri%+%e+ #e$ei"r c+re B+"6 re!reCin%6 ce" $+i $+re risc
!en%r( e"e, B+"+ de ini$6 s+( c+ncer(" de s7n, $("%e #e$ei *r
r6s!(nde, #6r6 =ndi+"6, c+ncer(" de s7n. D+r e"e se =nA+"6.
Inciden.+ $r.ii !rin B+"6 de ini$6 este de opt ori mai mare dec7%
r+%+ $r.ii !rin c+ncer de s7n.
L
[
D+c6 e<is%6 (n s!r% +$eric+n>, +%(nci +ces%+ es%e B+seB+""8("W
(n deser% +$eric+n> es%e !"6cin%+ c( $ere. Ti d+c6 e<is%6 B+"6
+$eric+n6> +ce+s%+ es%e B+"+ de ini$6.
TOI O DAC
=n JOL:, ,(dy 5""id+y + !(%(% #i *6C(%6 !e (n ecr+n i$ens,
Ben 5/+n d$in+ "($e+ /"#("(i, #i"$(" $(Cic+" South Pacific se
si%(+ !e ce+ $+i =n+"%6 %re+!%6 "+ Tny A3+rds, i+r !e 9L i(nie Cree+
de Nrd in*+d+ Cree+ de S(d. Ad$inis%r+.i+ +$eric+n6 + #s% "(+%6
!rin s(r!rindere d+r + re+c.in+% re!ede. =n dec(rs de c7%e*+ Ci"e,
!reAedin%e"e Tr($+n + %ri$is %r(!e de %eren Ai B$B+rdiere !e c+"e+
+er("(i c+ s6 res!in/6 +r$+%+ nrd cree+n6. L+ %rei +ni $+i %7rCi( +
#s% se$n+% (n +crd #ici+" de =nce%+re + #c("(i i+r r6CBi(" cree+n
s8+ =nc)ei+%. =n +ce+s%6 !eri+d6 de %i$!, !es%e Q:.::: de s"d+.i
+$eric+ni +( #s% (ciAi =n "(!%6.
L+ s#7rAi%("(i r6CBi("(i, =n !(B"ic+.i+ ?ournal of the $merican
Fedical $ssociation + #s% r+!r%+% (n s%(di( A%iin.i#ic ce +
re!reCen%+% (n !(nc% de c%i%(r6. Cerce%6%ri $edic+"i $i"i%+ri
e<+$in+ser6 ini$i"e + Q:: de s"d+.i B6rB+.i (ciAi =n +c.i(ni"e din
Cree+. S"d+.ii +ceA%i+, c( $edie de *7rs%6 de d(6Ceci Ai di de
+ni, n( #(seser6 nicid+%6 di+/ns%ic+.i c( *re B+"6 de ini$6. L+
disec.ie =ns6, cerce%6%rii +( desc!eri% d*eCi Ac+n%e +"e B"ii =n%r8
(n n($6r #+r%e $+re de c+C(ri. ;;,Q^ din inimile pe care le!au
e0aminat aveau # dove/i evidente, ale e0isten)ei *olii de inim'.
A
Ace+s%6 ci#r6, ;;,Q^ es%e Ac+n%6. A!6r7nd =n%r8(n %i$! c7nd
(ci/+A(" ns%r( n($6r(" J er+ =nc6 =ncn'(r+% de $is%er, s%(di(" +
de$ns%r+% c( c"+ri%+%e c6 B+"+ de ini$6 se deC*"%6 !e !+rc(rs("
=n%re/ii *ie.i. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, +!r+!e ricine es%e *("ner+Bi"H
AceA%i s"d+.i n( er+( niA%e "eneAi #6r6 *"+/6W cndi.i+ "r #iCic6 er+
de ce+ $+i B(n6 c+"i%+%e Ai ei er+( =n #"+re+ *7rs%ei. De "+ d+%+ +cee+,
$("%e +"%e s%(dii +( cn#ir$+% c6 B+"+ de ini$6 se r6s!7ndeA%e %%
$+i $("% !rin%re %inerii +$eric+ni.
J
ATACUL DE CORD
D+r ce es%e B+"+ de ini$6? Un(" din e"e$en%e"e esen.i+"e ="
cns%i%(ie !"+c+ Fde +%er$G. P"+c+ es%e (n de!Ci% (ns(rs de
!r%eine, /r6si$i
Finc"(si* c"es%er"G, ce"("e +"e sis%e$("(i i$(ni%+r Ai +"%e
c$!nen%e, c+re se +c($("e+C6 !e !ere.ii in%eriri +i +r%ere"r
crn+re. A$ +(Ci% (n c)ir(r/ s!(n7nd c6 d+c6 !(i de/e%(" !e
+r%er6 +c!eri%6 de !"+c6, senC+.i+ es%e +cee+Ai c+ Ai c7nd +i !(ne
de/e%(" !e !"6cin%6 c( Br7nC6 c+"d6. D+c6 =n +r%ere"e %+"e crn+re
s(n% !"6ci =n #r$+re, B+"+ de ini$6 es%e de'+ !reCen%6 =n%r8
+n($i%6 $6s(r6. Din%re s"d+.ii din Cree+ c6rr+ ii se #6c(se
+(%!sie, (n(" din d(6Ceci din%re cei +#ec%+.i +*e+( !"6ci #r$+%e
=n +A+ $+re $6s(r6 =nc7% O:^ din "($en(" +r%eri+" er+ B"c+%.
;
Es%e
c+ Ai c7nd +i #+ce (n nd "+ (n #(r%(n de s%r!i% Ai +!i +i s%r!i
dis!er+% /r6din6 (sc+%6 c( +!+ ce +r !ic(r+ !e8+c"H
De ce n( +( +*(% de'+ +ceA%i s"d+.i (n +%+c de ini$6? L+
(r$+ (r$ei, d+r J:^ din +r%er6 er+ desc)is6 circ("+.iei. C($
!(%e+ #i de8+'(ns +ces% !rcen%? L(cr(ri"e s%+( +s%#e"I d+c6 !"+c+
de !e !ere%e"e in%erir +" +r%erei se #r$e+C6 =nce%, de8+ "(n/(" +
$+i $("%r +ni, circ("+.i+ s7n/e"(i +re %i$! s6 se +d+!%eCe si%(+.iei
cre+%e. G7ndeA%e8%e "+ s7n/e"e c+re c(r/e !rin +r%er+ %+ c+ (n r7(
=n*"B(r+%. D+c6 !(i c7%e*+ !ie%re !e $+r/ine+ r7("(i =n #iec+re Ci
!e !+rc(rs(" +ni"r, c+ Ai !"+c+ ce se +c($("e+C6 !e !ere.ii +r%erei,
+!+ *+ /6si +"%6 c+"e c+ s6 +'(n/6 +c" (nde *re+. P+%e c6 r7("
*+ #r$+ c7%e*+ !7r7i+Ae $+i $ici !es%e !ie%re. P+%e c6 r7(" *+
%rece !e s(B !ie%re #r$7nd %(ne"(ri $ici, s+( !+%e +!+ *+ c(r/e
!rin !7r7i+Ae $ici +"6%(r+%e, #r$7nd (n n( #6/+A. T+%e +ces%ei
ni c6i de %recere #+r%e $ici =n '(r(" !ie%re"r s+( !rin%re !ie%re
s(n% n($i%e c"+%er+"e>. Ace"+Ai "(cr( se =n%7$!"6 Ai "+ ini$6.
D+c6 !"+c+ se +c($("e+C6 !e !eri+d6 de $+i $(".i +ni, se *r
deC*"%+ s(#icien%e c"+%er+"e +s%#e" c+ s7n/e"e s6 !+%6 circ("+
=nc6 !rin ini$6. T%(Ai, !"+c6 #r$+%6 =n c+n%i%+%e !re+ $+re
!+%e !rd(ce res%ric.ii se*ere +"e %recerii s7n/e"(i, i+r (r$+re+
!+%e #i +n/in+ !ec%r+"6, s+( d(rere+ =n !ie!%. =ns6 +ces%e #r$6ri
de !"+c6 d+r r+reri cnd(c "+ +%+c(ri de crd.[
J:
AA+d+r, ce #+ce s6 se !rd(c6 +%+c(" de crd? L(cr(ri"e s%+(
+s%#e"I d+r +c($("6ri"e de !"+c6 $+i !(.in se*ere, c+re B"c)e+C6
s(B L:^ din +r%er6, s(n% ce"e c+re !r*+c6 +dese+ +%+c(ri"e de
crd.> Aces%e +c($("6ri +( #iec+re c7%e (n s%r+% de ce"("e, n($i%
c+!+c Fc+!, c+"%6G, c+re se!+r6 n(c"e(" !"6cii de s7n/e"e c+re c(r/e
!e +"6%(ri. =n c+C(" !"6ci"r !eric("+se, c+!+c(" es%e s"+B Ai s(B.ire.
Prin (r$+re, c7nd s7n/e"e /neA%e !e +"6%(ri, e" !+%e erd+ c+!+c("
!7n6 c7nd +ces%+ se r(!e. C7nd c+!+c(" se r(!e, cn.in(%(" !"6cii se
+$es%ec6 c( s7n/e"e. A%(nci s7n/e"e =nce!e s6 se c+/("eCe
=$!re'(r(" "c("(i (nde s8+ !rd(s r(!%(r+. C)e+/(" creA%e Ai !+%e
B"c+ #+r%e re!ede =n =n%re/i$e +r%er+. C7nd +r%er+ es%e B"c+%6
=n%r8 !eri+d6 de %i$! +%7% de sc(r%6, s(n% #+r%e !(.ine A+nse s6 se
#r$eCe circ("+.ie c"+%er+"6. C7nd +ces% "(cr( se =n%7$!"6,
+#"(<(" de s7n/e dinc" de r(!%(r6 es%e $("% red(s, i+r $(Ac)ii
ini$ii n( $+i !ri$esc <i/en(" de c+re +( ne*ie. =n +ces%
!(nc%, de+rece ce"("e"e $(Ac)i("(i ini$ii =nce! s6 $+r6,
$ec+nis$e"e de !$!+re +"e ini$ii =nce! s6 cedeCe, i+r !ers+n+ =n
c+(C6 !+%e si$.i d(rere CdrBi%+re =n !ie!% s+( d(rere
!(%ernic6 ce cB+r6 =n%r8(n(i din Br+.e Ai +!i (rc6 s!re /7% Ai
$+<i"+re. Pe sc(r%, *ic%i$+ =nce!e s6 $+r6. Aces%+ es%e !rces(" ce
se !e%rece =n c+C(" $+'ri%6.ii ce"r J,J $i"i+ne de +%+c(ri de crd
c+re +( "c =n A$eric+ =n #iec+re +n. Un+ din %rei !ers+ne c+re #+c
(n +%+c de crd $+re din c+(C+ "(i.[
J:
=n !reCen% ni A%i$ c6 !"+c+ de $6ri$e $ic6 !7n6 "+ $edie,
!"+c+ ce B"c)e+C6 $+i !(.in de L:^ +r%er+, es%e ce+ $+i
!eric("+s6.[>
9
AA+d+r, c($ !(%e$ !reCice $$en%(" c7nd se
!e%rece (n +%+c de crd? Din ne#ericire, c( %e)n"/i+ +c%(+"6, ni
n( !(%e$ !reCice +ces% "(cr(. Ni n( !(%e$ A%i c+re !"+c6 +n($e
se *+ r(!e, c7nd *+ +*e+ "c +ces% "(cr( Ai c7% de /r+* *+ #i. T%(Ai
cee+ ce c(n+A%e$ es%e riscul re"+%i* de + +*e+ (n +%+c de ini$6.
Cee+ ce +"%6 d+%6 er+ cnsider+%6 $+r%e $is%eri+s6, c+re secer+
+$eni =n +nii cei $+i rdnici +i *ie.ii, + #s% de$is%i#ic+%6> de
c6%re A%iin.6. Nici (n s%(di( n( + #s% $+i e#icien% dec7% Studiul
Eramingham asupra 2nimii.
DRAMING5AM
D(!6 ce" de8+" di"e+ r6CBi $ndi+" + #s% cre+% Ins%i%(%("
N+.in+" +" Ini$ii>, c( (n B(/e%> $des% Ai $isi(ne di#ici"6.
O+$enii de A%iin.6 A%i+( c6 !"6ci"e de /r6si$i c+re se #r$+( de8+
"(n/(" +r%ere"r ini$i"r B"n+*e er+( +"c6%(i%e din c"es%er",
#s#"i!ide Ai +ciCi /r+Ai>, d+r ei n( A%i+( de ce se #r$+( +ces%e
"eCi(ni, =n ce #e" se deC*"%+( e"e Ai =n ce #e" d(ce+( "+ !rd(cere+
+%+c("(i de crd. =n c6(%+re+ de r6s!(ns(ri, Ins%i%(%(" N+.in+" +"
Ini$ii + decis s6 in*es%i/)eCe +n($i%6 !!("+.ie de8+ "(n/(" +
$+i $(".i +ni, s6 .in6 r+!+r%e $edic+"e de%+"i+%e +"e %(%(rr
indi*iCi"r[ din c+dr(" !!("+.iei res!ec%i*e Ai s6 *+d6 cine se
=$B"n6*eA%e de ini$6 Ai cine n(. Cerce%6%rii s8+( =ndre!%+% c6%re
Cn+ Dr+$in/)+$, s%+%(" M+ss+c)(se%%s.
Lc+"iC+% i$edi+% =n +#+r+ Bs%n("(i, Dr+$in/)+$ +re "c("
"(i =n is%ri+ A$ericii. E$i/r+n.ii din E(r!+ +( !!("+% Cn+ =n
sec"(" U2II. De8+ "(n/(" +ni"r, r+A(" + +*(% r"(ri =nse$n+%e =n
re*"(.i+ +$eric+n6, =n !rcese"e *r6'i%+re"r din S+"e$ Ai =n
$iAc+re+ de +B"ire + sc"+*iei. M+i recen%, =n JOPR, r+A(" Ai8+
+s($+% ce" $+i ren($i% r" +" s6(. Pes%e L::: de "c(i%ri +i
r+A("(i Dr+$in/)+$, +%7% B6rB+.i, c7% Ai #e$ei, +( #s% de +crd s6
#ie in*es%i/+.i Ai e<+$in+.i de cerce%6%ri de8+ "(n/(" +ni"r, +s%#e"
=nc7% ni s6 !(%e$ =n*6.+ c7%e ce*+ des!re B+"+ de ini$6.
Ti c( +de*6r+% +$ =n*6.+% c7%e ce*+. Ur$6rind cine s8+
=$B"n6*i% de ini$6 Ai cine n( Ai c$!+r7nd r+!+r%e"e "r
$edic+"e, Studiul Eramingham asupra 2nimii + deC*"%+% cnce!%("
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iC"+re !r#esin+"6 Ai ridic("iC+re Fdin $%i*e"e disc(%+%e =n
!+r%e+ + I28+G. Aces%e+ +( #s% *re$(ri de $+ri cn%r*erse =n
"($e+ n(%ri.iniA%i"r. O re*"(.ie cnce!%(+"6 er+ =n c(rs de
des#6A(r+re Ai $("%r+ n( "e !"6ce+ +ces% "(cr(. C)i+r Ai n($+i +
*rBi des!re die%6 er+ !re+ $("% !en%r( $(".i +$eni de A%iin.6.
Pre*enire+ B"ii de ini$6 !rin die%6 cns%i%(i+ idee
+$enin.6%+re de+rece =nse$n+ c6 ce*+ "e/+% de +!reci+%+
n+s%r6 +"i$en%+.ie +$eric+n6 c+$6%6 er+ +%7% de !eric("s !en%r(
ni =nc7% ne dis%r(/e+ ini$i"e. Ce"r ce !re#er+( s%+re+ de #+!%
+c%(+"6, n( "e8+ s(r7s idee+.
Un +s%#e" de $ de A%iin.6 Ai8+ B6%(% 'c de cei c+re !6re+( s6
+iB6 (n risc sc6C(% de + #+ce B"i de ini$6. =n JOS: e" + scris
(r$6%r(" $+%eri+" ($ris%ic> !en%r( + irniC+ recen%e"e
desc!eriri !e +ce+s%6 %e$6
9P
I
/ic #ortret $l omului c$re nu
se teme de riscul de $ $ve$
o bo$l& coron$ri$n&;
E" es%e #ie (n s+"+ri+% e#e$in+%, #ie (n +n/+'+% de "+ $r/6,
c6r(i+ =i "i!seA%e *iici(ne+ #iCic6 Ai $en%+"6, +$Bi.i+ s+( s!iri%("
c$!e%i%i*, c+re n( Ai8+ !r!(s nicid+%6 s6 re+"iCeCe ce*+. Un $
#6r6 !#%6 de $7nc+re, c+re se $en.ine c( #r(c%e Ai C+rC+*+%(ri
=$B/6.i%e c( ("ei(ri de !r($B Ai de B+"en6, c+re de%es%6 %(%(n(",
c+re dis!re.(ieA%e r+di(", T28(" s+( $+Aini"e. Un $ c+re n( A%ie
ce8i +i+ c)e"ie, c6ci "(i n(8i c+de !6r(", +re =n#6.iA+re s#ri'i%6 Ai
ne+%"e%ic6, Ai %%(Ai =Ai s"ici%6 $(Ac)ii !"6!7nCi !rin e<erci.ii
#iCice. L+ e" %+%e s(n% sc6C(%eI *eni%(", %ensi(ne+ +r%eri+"6, C+)6r("
din s7n/e, +cid(" (ric Ai c"es%er"(". D+%ri%6 c+s%r6rii !r#i"+c%ice
%reB(ie s6 i+ +cid nic%inic, !iri8d<in6, Ai %er+!ie +n%ic+/("+n%6
!en%r( %%de+(n+.
A(%r(" +ces%(i !+s+' + *r(% s6 s!(n6 de #+!%I N($+i
B6rB+.ii ADE2XRAI se =$B"n6*esc de ini$6>. OBser*+.i, de
+se$ene+, =n ce #e" es%e descris6 die%+ de #r(c%e Ai C+rC+*+%(ri,
c)i+r d+c6 +(%r(" s(/ere+C6 c6 +s%#e" de die%6 es%e #"si%6 de
+$enii c+re n( !re+ #+c B+"6 de ini$6. Ne#erici%+ +sciere din%re
c+rne Ai +Bi"i%+%e+ #iCic6, B6rB6.ie =n /ener+", iden%i%+%e+ se<(+"6 Ai
!rs!eri%+%e+ ecn$ic6, %+%e +ces%e+ den%6 #e"(" =n c+re !ri*e+(
+$enii de A%iin.6 +"i$en%+.i+, =n ci(d+ d*eCi"r de s6n6%+%e
e*iden%e. Aces% !(nc% de *edere + #s% !re"(+% de "+ !ri$ii !inieri
+i !r%eine"r, descriAi =n c+!i%"(" di.
P+%e c6 +(%r(" +ces%+ +r #i %reB(i% s6 se =n%7"ne+sc6 c( (n
!rie%en +" $e( 8 C)ris C+$!Be"" Fn( $i8e r(d6G. C)ris es%e d(B"(
c+$!in NCAA =n Di*iCi+ J "+ "(!%e /rec8r$+ne, %ri!"(
c+$!in SUA "+ "(!%e /rec8r$+ne "+ seniri, de d(6 ri
"i$!ic Ai +Bs"*en% +" #+c("%6.ii de Dre!% de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+
Crne"i. L+ *7rs%+ de Q; de +ni e" + de*eni% ce" $+i =n *7rs%6
+$eric+n c+re + c7A%i/+% *red+%6 $ed+"ie "i$!ic6 "+ "(!%e
/rec8r$+ne c7n%6rind O: @/. <hris <amp*ell este vegetarian.
C+ (n(" c+re n( !re+ !+re s6 +iB6 B+"6 de ini$6, e( cred c6 "(i n(
i s8+r !%ri*i c+r+c%eriC+re+ de $+i s(s.
B6%6"i+ din%re +de!.ii s%+r+8a(8("(i +"i$en%+.iei %r+di.in+"e
+$eric+ne Ai %+B6r+ ce =$!6r%6AeA%e idee+ !re*en.iei !rin die%6 +
#s% !(%ernic6. Mi8+d(c +$in%e c6 !+r%ici!+$ "+ cn#erin.6 "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i, s!re s#7rAi%(" +ni"r [L:, c7nd (n ren($i%
cerce%6%r, Ancei Veys, + *eni% c+ s6 *rBe+sc6 des!re !re*enire+
B"ii de ini$6 !rin +"i$en%+.ie. Unii cerce%6%ri din +(di%ri( c)i+r
d6de+( din c+! + deC+!rB+re, s(s.in7nd c6 +"i$en%+.i+ n( +re c($
s6 +#ec%eCe B+"+ de ini$6. =n +ce"e decenii de =nce!(% +"e
cerce%6rii B"ii de ini$6, + iCB(cni% "(!%6 +!ri/6, !ersn+"6, i+r
!ri$e"e *ic%i$e +( #s% cei rece!%i*i, c( $in%e+ desc)is6 "+ n(.
ISTORIE RECENTX
As%6Ci +ce+s%6 e!!ee + "(!%ei =n%re +!6r6%rii s%+%(s8a(8("(i
Ai s(s.in6%rii die%ei es%e "+ #e" de cr7ncen6 c+ =n%%de+(n+. =ns6 s8
+( !rd(s sc)i$B6ri se$ni#ic+%i*e =n ce !ri*eA%e !eis+'(" B"ii de
ini$6. C7% de de!+r%e +$ +'(ns Ai c7% de $("% +$ =n+in%+% =n "(!%+
c( +ce+s%6 B+"6? =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e, s%+%(s8a(8(" + #s%
!r%e'+%. =n ci(d+ !%en.i+"("(i !e c+re =" re!reCin%6 die%+ Ai
!re*en.i+ B"ii, +%en.i+ es%e de%(rn+%6 =n !rinci!+" s!re in%er*en.ii
$ec+nice Ai c)i$ice, "+ +ce"e !ers+ne c+re +( B+"+ de ini$6 =n
#r$6 +*+ns+%6. Die%+ + #s% d+%6 "+ !+r%e. Re#"ec%r(" + #s%
=ndre!%+% +s(!r+ c)ir(r/iei, $edic+$en%e"r, +!+r+%(rii e"ec%rnice
Ai ni"r ins%r($en%e de di+/ns%ic.
Ac($ +*e$ c)ir(r/ie crn+ri+n6 *ypass, !rin c+re +r%er6
s6n6%+s6 es%e "i!i%6> !es%e +r%er6 B"n+*6, c"ind(8se +s%#e"
ce+ $+i !eric("+s6 !"+c6 + +r%erei. Ac%(" c)ir(r/ic+" #(nd+$en%+"
es%e, desi/(r, %r+ns!"+n%(" de ini$6, c+re (neri (%i"iCe+C6 c)i+r
ini$i +r%i#ici+"e. A*e$ c)i+r !rced(r6 c+re n( necesi%6
desc)idere+ !ie!%("(i, n($i%6 angioplastie coronarian', !rin c+re
(n $ic B+"n es%e ($#"+% =n%r8 +r%er6 =n/(s%6, B"n+*6, s%ri*ind
!"+c+ de !ere%e Ai desc)iC7nd c+"e+ !en%r( (n +#"(< $+i $+re de
s7n/e. A*e$ de#iBri"+%+re !en%r( + re+ni$+ ini$+, s%i$("+%+re
!en%r( %("B(r6ri de ri%$ Ai %e)nici i$+/is%ice
!recise, +s%#e" =nc7% s6 !(%e$ Bser*+ +r%ere"e #6r6 + #i ne*ie s6
e<!(ne$ ini$+.
U"%i$ii cinciCeci de +ni +( cns%i%(i% c( +de*6r+% ce"eBr+re +
s(Bs%+n.e"r c)i$ice Ai + %e)n"/iei F!"(" !(s +" die%ei Ai
!re*en.ieiG. ReC($7nd cerce%6ri"e ini.i+"e !e sc+r6 "+r/6 +s(!r+
B"ii de ini$6, (n dc%r s(B"ini+ i$!r%+n.+ $ec+nis$("(iI Se
s!er+ c6 !(%ere+ A%iin.ei Ai deC*"%+re+ %e)n"/ic6 d(!6 ce" de8+"
di"e+ r6CBi $ndi+" s6 !+%6 #i (%i"iC+%e =n +ce+s%6 B6%6"ie Fc(
B+"+ de ini$6G... Pr/rese"e enr$e +"e %e)n"/iei $ec+nice Ai
+"e e"ec%rnicii, c+re +( #s% s%i$("+%e de r6CBi, !6re+( + #i +%7% de
Bine*eni%e =n *edere+ s%(dierii sis%e$("(i c+rdi*+sc("+r.. .
P
Pr/rese i$!r%+n%e s8+( #6c(%, #6r6 =ndi+"6, cee+ ce se *ede
=n r+%+ decese"r !rin B+"6 de ini$6 c+re es%e c( LR^ $+i sc6C(%6
dec7% er+ =n JOL:.
9
O red(cere c( LR^ + r+%ei de deces !+re + #i
$+re *ic%rie !en%r( #"sire+ $edic+$en%e"r Ai + %e)n"/iei.
Unii din !+Aii cei $+i $+ri s8+( #6c(% !rin =$B(n6%6.ire+
%r+%+$en%("(i de (r/en.6 +crd+% *ic%i$e"r +%+c("(i de crd. In
JO;:, d+c6 er+i $+i B6%r7n de SL de +ni Ai #6ce+i in#+rc%, d+r +*e+i
nrc(" s6 +'(n/i =n *i+.6 "+ s!i%+", A+ns+ %+ de + $(ri er+ de QR^.
As%6Ci d+c6 +'(n/i "+ s!i%+" =n *i+%6, A+ns+ de + $(ri es%e de d+r
JL^. De"(" =n c+re se +Brc#e+C6 =n s!i%+" c+C(ri"e de (r/en.e es%e
$("% =$B(n6%6.i% Ai, !rin (r$+re, (n $+re n($6r de *ie.i s(n%
cr(.+%e.
9
Pe "7n/6 +ces% "(cr(, n($6r(" !ers+ne"r c+re #($e+C6 es%e
=n cn%in(6 sc6dere,
9;
[
9R
cee+ ce cn%riB(ie, de +se$ene+, "+
di$in(+re+ r+%ei de deces !rin B+"+ de ini$6. C( +ces%e !r/rese
s!i%+"iceA%i, dis!Ci%i*e $ec+nice, desc!eriri de $edic+$en%e,
sc6dere+ r+%ei #($+%("(i Ai =n$(".ire+ !.i(ni"r c)ir(r/ic+"e, se
!+re c6 +*e$ $("%e $%i*e s6 ne B(c(r6$. Se !+re c6 +$ #6c(%
!r/rese. AA+ s6 #ie +re?
L+ (r$+ (r$ei, B+"+ de ini$6 r6$7ne !ri$+ c+(C6 de deces
=n .+r+ n+s%r6. L+ #iec+re d(6Ceci Ai !+%r( de re +!r+!e d(6
$ii de +$eric+ni $r de +ce+s%6 B+"6.
9
=n ci(d+ %(%(rr
!r/rese"r #6c(%e, (n n($6r e<%re$ de $+re de +$eni s(c$B6
din c+(C+ +#ec%6rii ini$ii.
De #+!% r+%+ inciden.ei Fn( r+%+ de decesG !en%r( B+"+ de
ini$6
9
[ es%e c+$ %% +cee+Ai c+ "+ =nce!(%(" +ni"r ;:.
9
A"%#e" s!(s,
d+c6 n( $(ri$ "+ #e" de $("% din c+(C+ B"ii de ini$6, ne
=$B"n6*i$ de +ce+s%+ %% "+ #e" de $("% c+ =n+in%e. Se !+re c6 +$
re(Ai% s6 +$7n6$ (n !ic $+r%e+ !rin B+"+ de ini$6, dar nu am
f'cut nimic ca s' stop'm frecven)a de (m*oln'vire a inimii
noastre.
CHI*U*:IA; SALEATG*UL ,ANTG/L
In%er*en.ii"e $ec+nice !e c+re "e #"si$ =n +ce+s%6 .+r6 s(n%
c( $("% $+i !(.in e#icien%e dec7% =Ai i$+/ine+C6 $+'ri%+%e+
+$eni"r. In s!eci+" %e)nic+ c)ir(r/ic+"6 By!+ss + de*eni% #+r%e
!!("+r6. N( $+i !(.in de QR:.::: de !er+.ii By!+ss +( #s%
e#ec%(+%e =n J_O:,
Q:
cee+ ce =nse+$n6 c6 (n(" din ;L: de
+$eric+ni +( #s% s(!(Ai +ces%ei !er+.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e e<%re$e. =n
%i$!(" !er+.iei, !ie!%(" B"n+*("(i es%e des!ic+%, #"(<(" de s7n/e
es%e redirec.in+% c( +'(%r(" (nei $(".i$i de c"e$e, !$!e Ai
$+Ain6rii Ai *en6 de "+ !icir s+( +r%er6 din !ie!% es%e e<%r+s6
Ai c(s(%6 !es%e !+r%e B"n+*6 + ini$ii, #6c7nd +s%#e" c+ s7n/e"e s6
c"e+sc6 +r%ere"e ce"e $+i =n#(nd+%e.
Cs%(ri"e s(n% enr$e. M+i $("% de (n(" din #iec+re
cinciCeci de !+cien.i $r din c+(C+ c$!"ic+.ii"r
JJ
=n %i$!("
+ces%ei !rced(ri ce cs%6 PS.::: d"+ri.
Q9
A"%e e#ec%e sec(nd+re
inc"(d +%+c(ri de crd, c$!"ic+.ii res!ir+%rii, )e$r+/ii, in#ec.ii,
)i!er%ensi(ne +r%eri+"6 Ai +cciden%e *+sc("+re cereBr+"e. C7nd
*+se"e de s7n/e din '(r(" ini$ii s(n% !rinse =n %i$!(" !er+.iei,
!"+c+ din in%erir(" !ere.i"r se s!+r/e. S7n/e"e %r+ns!r%6 +!i
+ces%e #r+/$en%e "+ creier (nde se !rd(c n($er+se $ini>
+%+c(ri *+sc("+re cereBr+"e. Cerce%6%rii +( c$!+r+% c+!+ci%+%e+
in%e"ec%(+"6 + !+cien.i"r =n+in%e Ai d(!6 !er+.ie Ai +( desc!eri%
c6 (n !rcen% ("(i%r de ;O^ din%re !+cien.i +( !reCen%+%
*6%6$6ri =n +n($i%e +s!ec%e +"e #(nc.iei c/ni%i*e> "+ A+!%e Ci"e
d(!6 !er+.ie.
JJ
De ce ne s(!(ne$ (nr +se$ene+ "(cr(ri? Ce" $+i
se$ni#ic+%i* Bene#ici( +" +ces%ei !rced(ri es%e (A(r+re+ +n/inei
s+( + d(rerii din !ie!%. A!r<i$+%i* ;:8R:^ din !+cien.ii c+re se
s(!(n c)ir(r/iei By!+ss sc+!6 de +ce+s%6 d(rere c)in(i%+re de
!ie!% !en%r( circ+ (n +n de Ci"e.
QP
(ns' acest *eneficiu nu durea/'.
=n dec(rs de circ+ %rei +ni de "+ !er+.ie, !7n6 "+ %rei$e din%re
!+cien.i s(#er6 din n( de d(rere =n !ie!%.
QL
=n dec(rs de Cece +ni
!+cien.ii c( By!+ss #ie +( $(ri%, #ie +( +*(% (n +%+c de crd, #ie
d(rere+ "r de !ie!% + re*eni%.[> S%(dii"e !e %er$en "(n/ indic6
#+!%(" c6 d+r (nii din !+cien.ii B"n+*i de ini$6 %r6iesc $+i $("%
d+%ri%6 !er+.iei By!+ss.
J9
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, e"e +( de$ns%r+%
c6 acei pacien)i care se supun opera)iei de *ypass nu fac mai
pu)ine atacuri de cord dec&t cei care nu fac aceast' opera)ie.O
26 +d(ce.i +$in%e c+re !"6ci !rd(c +%+c(ri"e de crd?
D+%+"e s(n% +ce"e+ c+re s(n% $+i $ici, $+i !(.in s%+Bi"e Ai c+re %ind
s6 se r(!6. C( %+%e +ces%e+, !er+.i+ By!+ss .in%eA%e !"6ci"e ce"e
$+i $+ri, ce"e $+i *iCiBi"e, c+re !% #i res!ns+Bi"e !en%r( d(rere+
de !ie!%, d+r n( !en%r( +%+c(ri"e de crd.
An/i!"+s%i+ es%e !*es%e si$i"+r6. Prced(r+ es%e
cs%isi%+re Ai !res(!(ne risc(ri se$ni#ic+%i*e. D(!6 ce s8+(
iden%i#ic+% B"c+'e =n%r8 +r%er6 crn+r6, =n +r%er6 es%e in%rd(s (n
B+"n Ai es%e ($#"+%. As%#e" !"+c+ es%e =$!ins6 =n+!i, !res7nd
*+s(" de s7n/e, !er$i.7nd +s%#e" c+ s6 %re+c6 $+i $("% s7n/e.
A!r<i$+%i* (n(" din A+is!reCece !+cien.i *+ e<!eri$en%+
>=nc)idere Br(sc6 + *+s("(i de s7n/e> =n %i$!(" +ces%ei !rced(ri,
cee+ ce !+%e d(ce "+ $+r%e, +%+c de crd s+( "+ !er+.ie By!+ss
de (r/en.6.
L;
Pres(!(n7nd c6 +ces% "(cr( n( se =n%7$!"6, e<is%6
=nc6 =n $+re $6s(r6 !siBi"i%+%e+ c+ +ce+s%6 !rced(r6 s6 eA(eCe,
=n dec(rs(" + !+%r( "(ni d(!6 +ce+s%6 !rced(r6, P:^ din +r%ere"e
c+re +( #s%> %(r%i%e> s!re + #i desc)ise, se *r =nc)ide din n(,
+n("7nd, de #+!%, !rced(r+.
QR
C( %+%e +ces%e+, e<ce!%7nd
cnsecin.e"e ne#+*r+Bi"e, +n/i!"+s%i+ re+"iCe+C6 (n "(cr( B(n
!rin (A(r+re+ %e$!r+r6 + d(rerii de !ie!%. Desi/(r, +n/i!"+s%i+
+re (n e#ec% ne=nse$n+% =n + %r+%+ $ici"e B"c+'e c+re *r !rd(ce
+%+c(ri"e de crd.
AA+d+r, "+ e<+$in+re $+i +%en%6, !r/rese"e n+s%re
%e)n"/ice, +!+ren% Bene#ice =n d$eni(" B"ii de ini$6, s(n%
!r#(nd dece!.in+n%e. <hirurgia prin *ypass %i angioplastia nu
se adresea/' cau/ei *olii de inima, nu previn atacurile de cord %i
nici nu lungesc via)a oricui, ci se adresea/' doar celor mai *olnavi
pacien)i cu *oal' de inim'.
Ce se =n%7$!"6 deci? In ci(d+ !r/rese"r =n cerce%+re+
B"i"r de ini$6, ni %reB(ie s6 ne !(ne$ =n%reB+re+I *$ c7A%i/+
+ces% r6CBi? P+%e +r %reB(i s6 ne =n%reB6$ ce +$ !(%e+ #+ce,
+"%ce*+ dec7% +$ #6c(% !7n6 +c($. De e<e$!"(, ce s8+ =n%7$!"+%
c( "ec.ii"e de die%6 =n*6.+%e c( cinciCeci de +ni =n (r$6? Ce s8+
=n%7$!"+% c( %r+%+$en%e"e die%e%ice desc!eri%e de c6%re dr. Les%er
Mrrisn, +A+ c($ +$ disc(%+% $+i de*re$e?
Ace"e desc!eriri =n $+re !+r%e s8+( !ierd(%. Des!re +ce"e
cerce%6ri #6c(%e =n +nii [P: Ai [L: +$ +#"+% d+r recen%. S(n%
cns%ern+% de +ces% "(cr(, de+rece s!eci+"iA%ii !e c+re i8+$
+sc("%+% !e *re$e+ c7nd +Bs"*e+$ #+c("%+%e+, !e "+ s#7rAi%("
+ni"r [L: Ai =nce!(%(" +ni"r [S:, +( ne/+% c( *e)e$en.6 c6 s8+r #i
#6c(% +se$ene+ s%(dii s+( $6c+r c6 +r #i #s% *re in%en.ie =n
sens(" +ces%+. =n%re %i$!, Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re +"e +$eric+ni"r
+( $ers din r6( =n $+i r6(. P%ri*i% De!+r%+$en%("(i A/ric("%(rii
+" SUA, ni cns($6$ +s%6Ci c( $("% $+i $("%6 c+rne Ai /r6si$i
dec7%c( %reiCeci de +ni =n (r$6.>
Es%e c"+r c6 n( $er/e$ =n direc.i+ ce+ B(n6.
C($ +ces% #e" de in#r$+.ii +( ieAi% din n( "+ "($in6 =n
("%i$e"e d(6 decenii, "(!%+ =$!%ri*+ s%+%(s8a(8("(i +"i$en%+r
+$eric+n + =nce!(% s6 se =n%e.e+sc6 i+r6Ai. C7.i*+ $edici +(
d*edi% #+!%(" c6 e<is%6 c+"e $+i B(n6 de + =n*in/e B+"+ de
ini$6. S(cces(" !e c+re =" de$ns%re+C6 ei es%e re*"(.in+r,
de+rece #"sesc ce" $+i si$!"( din%re %+%e %r+%+$en%e"eI )r+n+.
DR. CALD4ELL B. ESSELST?N, ,R.
D+c6 +r %reB(i s6 /)ici.i "c+.i+ ce"(i $+i B(n cen%r( de
=n/ri'ire !en%r( c+rdi+ci din %+r6, !+%e din "($e, ce r+A +.i n($i?
Ne3 ?r@? Ls An/eies? C)ic+/? Un r+A $+re din D"rid+
!+%e, $+i +!r+!e de +$enii $+i =n *7rs%6? D(!6 c7% se !+re, ce"
$+i B(n cen%r( !en%r( =n/ri'ire+ c+rdi+ci"r se /6seA%e =n
C"e*e"+nd, O)i, +ce+s%+ !%ri*i% ce"r re"+%+%e =n PS -es and
Qorld Report FT%iri din A$eric+ Ai din "($eG. P+cien.ii *in !e
c+"e+ +er("(i din %+%e !6r.i"e "($ii "+ C"inic+ din C"e*e"+nd
!en%r( ce" $+i +*+ns+% %r+%+$en% dis!niBi", +d$inis%r+% de $edici
de !res%i/i(.
Un(" din $edicii de "+ c"inic6, Dr. C+"d3e"" B. Esse"s%yn, ,r.,
+re (n c(rric("($ *i%+e +!+r%e. Pe c7nd er+ s%(den% "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ ?+"e, Dr. Esse"s%yn + !+r%ici!+% "+ ,c(ri"e O"i$!ice
din JOLS Ai + c7A%i/+% $ed+"ie de +(r. D(!6 ce + #s% ins%r(i% "+
C"inic+ din C"e*e"+nd, + c7A%i/+% S%e+(+ de BrnC =n c+"i%+%e de
c)ir(r/ $i"i%+r =n %i$!(" r6CBi("(i din 2ie%n+$. D(!6 +cee+ +
+'(ns (n(" din $edicii cei $+i de s(cces "+ (n+ din ins%i%(.ii"e
$edic+"e de ren($e +"e "($ii, C"inic+ din C"e*e"+nd, (nde + #s%
!reAedin%e"e s%+##8("(i, $e$Br( +" C$i%e%("(i Direc%r,
!reAedin%e +" Gr(!("(i O!er+%i* =$!%ri*+ C+ncer("(i de S7n Ai
cnd(c6%r(" De!+r%+$en%("(i de C)ir(r/ie !en%r( Tirid6 Ai P+r+
%irid6. P(B"ic7nd !es%e J:: de re#er+%e A%iin.i#ice, Dr. Esse"s%yn +
#s% n($i% (n(" din cei $+i B(ni dc%ri +i A$ericii =n JOOP8
JOOL.-> Pen%r( c6 "8+$ c(nsc(% !ersn+" !e +ces% $, !% s!(ne
c6 + e<ce"+% e#ec%i* =n %% ce + #6c(% =n *i+.+ s+. E" + +%ins c("$e+
s(cces("(i =n *i+%+ s+ !r#esin+"6 Ai !ersn+"6 Ai + #6c(% +ces%
"(cr( c( n+r Ai ($i"in.6.
D+r c+"i%+%e+ c+re $i se !+re ce+ $+i e$.in+n%6 "+ Dr.
Esse"s%yn n( +re de8+ #+ce c( C28(" "(i s+( c( !re$ii"e B.in(%e
de e"W es%e *rB+ des!re c6(%+re+ "(i !rinci!i+"6 d(!6 +de*6r. Dr.
Esse"s%yn + +*(% c(r+'(" de + se !(ne s%6rii de "(cr(ri e<is%en%e.
Pre/6%ind (n $+%eri+" !en%r( ce+ de8+ d(+ Cn#erin.6 N+.in+"6
des!re Li!ide =n E"i$in+re+ Ai Pre*enire+ B"ii Crn+riene F!e
c+re e" + r/+niC+%8 Ai "+
c+re $8+ in*i%+% c( +$+Bi"i%+%e s6 !+r%ici!G, Dr. Esse"s%yn + scris
(r$6%+re"eI
Ti$! de (ns!reCece +ni =n c+rier+ $e+ de c)ir(r/ +$ #s%
deC+$6/i% de !+r+di/$+ %r+%+$en%e"r (%i"iC+%e =n $edicin+ din
SUA =n "(!%+ =$!%ri*+ c+ncer("(i Ai B"ii de ini$6. D+r%e !(.ine
"(cr(ri s8+( sc)i$B+% =n%r8 s(%6 de +ni =n $+n+/e$en%("
c+ncer("(i Ai, +%7% =n !ri*in.+ B"ii de ini$6, c7% Ai + c+ncer("(i, n(
s8+( #6c(% e#r%(ri seri+se !en%r( !re*enire+ "r. T%(Ai e(
sc%esc c6 es%e !r*c+%+re e!ide$i"/i+ +ces%r B"iI %rei
s#er%(ri din +$enii +ces%ei !"+ne%e n( s(#er6 de B+"6 de ini$6,
(n #+!% !(%ernic +sci+% c( die%+.>
Dr. Esse"s%yn + =nce!(% s6 ree<+$ineCe !r+c%ic+ $edic+"6
s%+nd+rd. CnA%ien% c6 in%er*en.ii"e $edic+"e, +n/i/r+#ice Ai
c)ir(r/ic+"e %r+%+( d+r si$!%$e"e B"ii de ini$6 Ai cnsider7nd
c6 es%e neces+r6 +Brd+re #(nd+$en%+" di#eri%6>, Dr. Esse"s%yn +
decis s6 +n+"iCeCe e#ec%e"e die%ei %%+" *e/e%+riene c( +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e, +s(!r+ (nr !ers+ne c+re +*e+( de'+ B+"+
crn+ri+n6.> D"sind c+n%i%+%e $ini$6 de $edic+$en%e c(
e#ec% )i!8c"es%er"e$i+n% Ai die%6 *e/e%+ri+n6 c( +!r% #+r%e
sc6C(% de /r6si$i, e" + B.in(% ce"e $+i s!ec%+c("+se reC("%+%e
=nre/is%r+%e *red+%6 =n %r+%+$en%(" B"ii de ini$6.
P
--
=n JORL, Dr. Esse"s%yn Ai8+ =nce!(% cerce%6ri"e c( .in%+
!ri$rdi+"6 de + red(ce c"es%er"(" s+n/(in +" !+cien.i"r s6i s(B
JL: $/0dL. A cer(% #iec6r(i !+cien% s6 n%eCe =n%r8(n '(rn+"
+"i$en%+r %% ce $7nc+(. Din d(6 =n d(6 s6!%6$7ni, =n (r$6%rii
cinci +ni, Dr. Esse"s%yn s8+ =n%7"ni% c( !+cien.ii s6i !en%r( + disc(%+
e*"(.i+, + #+ce +n+"iCe de s7n/e, + $6s(r+ %ensi(ne+ +r%eri+"6 Ai
/re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6. Ace+s%6 =n%7"nire !e %i$!(" Ci"ei er+ (r$+%6 de
(n %e"e#n de se+r6 =n c+re se r+!r%+ reC("%+%(" +n+"iCe"r de s7n/e
Ai se disc(%+ =n cn%in(+re c($ +c.in+ die%+. Pe "7n/6 +ce+s%+, %.i
!+cien.ii s6i se =n%7"ne+( de c7%e*+ ri !e +n !en%r( + *rBi des!re
!r/r+$, + se c(n+A%e Ai + sc)i$B+ in#r$+.ii (%i"e. C( +"%e
c(*in%e, Dr. Esse"s%yn + #s% si"i%r, s8+ i$!"ic+%, i8+ s(s.in(% Ai
$%i*+% c( ri/(rCi%+%e !e !+cien.ii s6i.
Die%+ !e c+re +ceA%i+ +( (r$+%8, inc"(si* Dr. Esse"s%yn Ai
s.i+ "(i Ann, + #s% (n+ #6r6 nici (n #e" de /r6si$i +d6(/+%e Ai #6r6
+!r+!e nici (n #e" de !rd(s de ri/ine +ni$+"6. Dr. Esse"s%yn Ai
c"e/ii "(i +( scris =n r+!r%I cP+r%ici!+n.iid %reB(i+( s6 e*i%e
("ei(ri"e, c+rne+, !eA%e"e, c+rne+ de !+s6re Ai !rd(se"e "+c%+%e, c(
e<ce!.i+ "+!%e"(i s$7n%7ni% Ai + i+(r%("(i de/res+%.>> C+$ "+ cinci
+ni de "+ =nce!(%(" +ces%(i !r/r+$, Dr. Esse"s%yn + rec$+nd+%
!+cien.i"r s6i s6 =nce%eCe s6 cns($e rice "+!%e s$7n%7ni% Ai, de
+se$ene+, i+(r%.
Cinci din%re !+cien.ii s6i +( +B+ndn+% s%(di(" =n !ri$ii di
+niW +( $+i r6$+s !%s!reCece. AceA%i !%s!reCece !+cien.ii
#(seser6 #+r%e /r+* B"n+*i c7nd s8+( !reCen%+% "+ Dr. Esse"s%yn.
2n timpul celor opt ani p&n' la (nceperea acestui studiu, aceste
optspre/ece persoane au trecut prin RK evenimente coronariene,
ce +( c(!rins +n/in6, c)ir(r/ie By!+ss, +%+c(ri de crd, +cciden%e
*+sc("+re cereBr+"e Ai +n/i!"+s%ie. Ini$i"e "r n( er+( niA%e ini$i
s6n6%+se. 26 !(%e.i i$+/in+ c6 er+( $%i*+.i + se =nr"+ =n +ces%
s%(di( din c+(C+ !+nicii cre+%e de i$inen.+ $r.ii !re$+%(re.
PJPQ
Aces%e !%s!reCece !ers+ne +( +*(% (n s(cces re$+rc+Bi".
L+ =nce!(%(" s%(di("(i, $edi+ ni*e"("(i "r de c"es%er" er+ de 9PS
$/0dL. Pe parcursul acestui studiu, media colesterolului lor a fost
de >M4 mgBdL, mai pu)in dec&t )inta propus' de >S5 mgBdLT
Ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i "r r6(> + sc6C(% de +se$ene+ #+r%e
$("%.
P9
L+ s#7rAi% =ns6, reC("%+%(" ce" $+i i$!resin+n% J8+
cns%i%(i% n( ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i, ci n($6r(" de e*eni$en%e
crn+riene ce +( +*(% "c de "+ =nce!ere+ s%(di("(i.
2n urm'torii unspre/ece ani, la cei optspre/ece pacien)i care
au urmat aceast' diet' a avut loc un singur eveniment
coronarian. Aces% (nic e*eni$en% + +*(% "c "+ (n !+cien% c+re +
ren(n.+% "+ die%6 %i$! de di +ni. D(!6 ce + ren(n.+%, !+cien%(" +
#s% +#ec%+%, c+ (r$+re + +ces%(i "(cr(, de d(rere !ec%r+"6
F+n/in6G Ai +!i + re"(+% die%+ s6n6%+s6 c( +"i$en%e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6. An/in6 i8+ dis!6r(% Ai !+cien%(" n( + $+i %rec(% !rin nici
(n +"% e*eni$en%.
PQ
N( d+r c6 + #s% s%!+%6 B+"+ de ini$6 "+ +ceA%i !+cien.i,
d+r +ce+s%+ c)i+r + d+% =n+!i. La A56 dintre pacien)ii s'i s!a
eviden)iat o l'rgire a arterelor lor (nfundate., Uns!reCece din%re
!+cien.i +( cnsi$.i% !en%r( +n/i/r+#ie, !rced(r6 !rin c+re
+n($i%e +r%ere +"e ini$ii !% #i r+di/r+#i+%e>. L+ +ceA%i
(ns!reCece, B"c+'e"e din +r%ere +( #s%, =n $edie, red(se c+
di$ensi(ne c( ;^ =n c(rs(" !ri$i"r cinci +ni +i +ces%(i s%(di(.
DeAi +r !6re+ d+r $ic6 sc)i$B+re, %reB(ie !reciC+% c6 *"($("
de s7n/e e"iBer+% es%e c( ce" !(.in Q:^ $+i $+re +%(nci c7nd
di+$e%r(" es%e $6ri% c( ;^.
PP
Ti, $+i i$!r%+n% de +%7%, +ce+s%+
es%e di#eren.+ din%re !reCen.+ d(rerii Fdin c+(C+ +n/ineiG Ai +Bsen.+
d(rerii, c( +de*6r+% din%re *i+.6 Ai $+r%e. A(%rii r+!r%("(i !e
cinci +ni re$+rc6I Aces%+ es%e ce" $+i =nde"(n/+% s%(di( =n c+re
se #"seA%e +"i$en%+.ie c( $ini$($ de /r6si$i =n c$Bin+.ie
c( $edic+$en%e !en%r( sc6dere+ c"es%er"("(i, i+r desc!erire+
#6c(%6 de ni c( !ri*ire "+ red(cere+ $edie + s%enCei +r%eri+"e
cB"c+'d de ;,:^ es%e $+i $+re dec7% %+%e ce"e r+!r%+%e din
cerce%6ri"e +n%eri+re.>
P9
Un $edic + "(+% =n $d s!eci+" =n +%en.ie s%(di(" Dr.
Esse"s%yn. E" +*e+ d+r !+%r(Ceci Ai !+%r( de +ni Ai !6re+ s6n6%s
+%(nci c7nd + desc!eri% c6 +re !rB"e$6 "+ ini$6, ce + c("$in+%
c( (n +%+c de crd. Din c+(C+ n+%(rii B"ii s+"e de ini$6, n( e<is%+
ni$ic din $edicin+ cn*en.in+"6 c+re s68J !+%6 +'(%+ #6r6
risc(ri. E" J8+ *iCi%+% !e Dr. Esse"s%yn, s8+ )%6r7% s6 se s(!(n6
!r/r+$("(i die%e%ic Ai (n trei/eci %i dou' de luni, f'r' nici un fel
de medica)ie anticolesterolemiant', a reu%it ca *oala lui de inim'
s' regrese/e, iar nivelul colesterolului s'u a sc'/ut 2a @K mgBdL.
Cee+ ce (r$e+C6 es%e i$+/ine+ s!ec%+c("+s6 + +r%erei
B"n+*e + +ces%(i !+cien% =n+in%e Ai d(!6 die%+ dc%r("(i
Esse"s%yn F/r+#ic(" L.PG.-
P+r%e+ "($in+s6 + i$+/inii re!reCin%6 +#"(<(" de s7n/e !rin
+r%er6. I$+/ine+ din s%7n/+ FAG +re sec.i(ne $+rc+%6 !rin%r8
!+r+n%eC6, "c(" =n c+re /r+*+ B+"6 crn+ri+n6 + $icAr+%
c+n%i%+%e+ de s7n/e c+re !(%e+ %rece. D(!6 ce + +d!%+% die%6
in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6, +cee+Ai
+r%er6 s8+ desc)is, r+*+/ii"e #6c(%e de B+"+ de ini$6 +( re/res+% Ai
+ !er$is (nei c+n%i%6.i +!r+!e nr$+"e de s7n/e s6 #re+c6 !e
+c", +A+ c($ se *ede =n i$+/ine+ din dre+!%+ FBG.
:r$ficul M9?; Alter$ coron$ri$n&
n$inte !i du#& $d$#t$re$
dietei ve%et$riene
Es%e +re !siBi" c+ Dr. Esse"s%yn s6 #i ni$eri% !(r Ai si$!"(
(n /r(! de !+cien.i nrcAi? R6s!(ns(" es%e n(. P+cien.i c(
ini$+ +%7% de B"n+*6 n( se *indec6 =n $d s!n%+n, de I+ sine. O
+"%6 c+"e de + *eri#ic+ !rB+Bi"i%+%e+ +ces%(i /r+d de s(cces es%e de
+ !ri*i "+ cei cinci !+cien.i c+re +( ieAi% din !r/r+$(" die%e%ic Ai
+( re*eni% "+ =n/ri'ire+ s%+nd+rd. (n >KKS, aceste cinci persoane
c'/user' prad' unor noi /ece evenimente coronariene., =n%re
%i$!, =n 9::Q, "+ J; +ni de
"+ =nce!ere+ s%(di("(i, %.i !+cien.ii c( e<ce!.i+ (n(i+, c+re
(r$+ser6 die%+, er+( =nc6 =n *i+.6, =ndre!%7nd(8se s!re *7rs%e
c(!rinse =n%re ;: Ai R: de +ni.
PL
Ar !(%e+ +re !ers+n6 =n%re+/6 "+ $in%e s6 !(n6 I+ =ndi+"6
+ces%e desc!eriri? P+re i$!siBi" +ces% "(cr(. D+c6 n( *6 *e.i
+$in%i ni$ic din +ces% c+!i%", re.ine.i $6c+r scr(" +ces%+ de
!+%r(Ceci Ai n(6 "+ CerW !+%r(Ceci Ai n(6 e*eni$en%e
crn+riene =n+in%e de die%+ %%+" *e/e%+ri+n6 c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e
Ai Cer e*eni$en%e crn+riene !en%r( +cei !+cien.i c+re +( +der+%
"+ die%+ in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6. Dr. Esse"s%yn + re+"iC+% cee+ ce
M+re+ T%iin.6> =ncerc+se s6 #+c6, #6r6 s(cces, %i$! de $+i Bine de
PL de +niI el a (nvins *oala de inim'.
D*9 D=AN G*NISH
=n ("%i$ii cincis!reCece +ni (n +"% /i/+n% =n +ces% d$eni(,
Dr. De+n Ornis), + cn%riB(i% =n +d(cere+ +"i$en%+.iei !e "is%+
!riri%6.i"r =n /7ndire+ $edic+"6. ABs"*en% +" Tc"ii de Medicin6
5+r*+rd, e" + #s% +!reci+% de $edi+ Ai !r!("s+% d+%ri%6 re(Ai%ei
de +8Ai +si/(r+ !"+n(" %r+%+$en%("(i s6( !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6
!rin%r8(n n($6r =nse$n+% de c$isin+ri de +si/(r6ri, !rec($ Ai
d+%ri%6 c6r.i"r s+"e de*eni%e Bes%8se""ers. D+c6 +.i +(Ci% de
"e/6%(r+ d in%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai B+"+ de ini$6, s(n% A+nse c+ +ces%
"(cr( s6 #i #s% !siBi" d+%ri%6 "(cr6rii Dr. Ornis).
Ce" $+i ren($i% s%(di( +" s6( es%e ;0perimentul 2nima %i
Stilul de Dia)', =n c+dr(" c6r(i+ e" + %r+%+% d(6Ceci Ai !% de
!+cien.i B"n+*i de ini$6 d+r !rin sc)i$B+re+ s%i"("(i de *i+.6.>
Pe +ceA%i !+cien.i i8+ e<!(s (n(i %r+%+$en% e<!eri$en%+", i+r !e +".i
d(6Ceci de !+cien.i i8+ s(!(s %r+%+$en%("(i s%+nd+rd. A (r$6ri%
c( /ri'6 +$Be"e /r(!(ri Ai + $6s(r+% $+i $(".i indic+%ri +i
s6n6%6.ii, inc"(si* B"c+'e"e de +r%ere, ni*e"(ri"e c"es%er"("(i Ai
/re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6.
P"+n(" de %r+%+$en% +" Dr. Ornis) + #s% #+r%e di#eri% de
s%+nd+rde"e $edic+"e $derne de =n+"%6 %e)n"/ie. E" + !(s !e
cei d(6Ceci Ai !% de !+cien.i =n%r8(n )%e" =n !ri$+ s6!%6$7n6 de
%r+%+$en% Ai "e8+ s!(s ce %reB(ie s6 #+c6
!en%r( + +*e+ /ri'6 de s6n6%+%e+ "r. Le8+ cer(% s6 se +"i$en%eCe c(
)r+n6 c( +!r% red(s de /r6si$i, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, %i$! de ce"
!(.in (n +n. D+r +!r<. J:^ din c+"rii"e "r %reB(i+ s6 !r*in6
din /r6si$i. P(%e+( s6 $6n7nce ric7% de $("% *i+(, +%7% %i$! c7%
+"i$en%e"e res!ec%i*e se +#"+( !e "is%+ $7nc6r(ri"r +cce!%+%e, c+re
c(!rinde+ #r(c%e, "e/($e Ai cere+"e. AA+ c($ +( n%+% cerce%6%rii,
nici (n !rd(s de ri/ine +ni$+"6 n( + #s% !er$is, c( e<ce!.i+
+"B(A("(i de ( Ai c+n6 de "+!%e s+( i+(r% de/res+%>.-- Pe "7n/6
die%6, /r(!(" %reB(i+ s6 !r+c%ice di*erse #r$e de $+n+/e$en% +"
s%res("(i, inc"(si* $edi%+.i+, e<erci.ii de res!ir+.ie Ai e<erci.ii de
re"+<+re ce" !(.in r6 !e Ci. P+cien.i"r "i s8+ cer(%, de +se$ene+,
s6 #+c6 $iAc+re #iCic6 %rei re !e s6!%6$7n6 "+ ni*e"(ri"e !er$ise
de /r+*i%+%e+ B"ii "r. Pen%r( + +'(%+ !e !+cien.i s6 #+c6 +ces%e
sc)i$B6ri =n s%i"(" "r de *i+.6, /r(!(" se =n%7"ne+ de d(6 ri !e
s6!%6$7n6 %i$! de !+%r( re !en%r( + se =nc(r+'+ reci!rc. Dr.
Ornis) Ai /r(!(" s6( de cerce%+re n( +( #"si% nici (n #e" de
$edic+$en%, +c% c)ir(r/ic+" s+( %e)n"/ie !en%r( + %r+%+ !e +ceA%i
!+cien.i.>
P+cien.ii din /r(!(" de e<!eri$en% +( #6c(% =n $+re +!r+!e
%% ce "i s8+ cer(% de c6%re cerce%6%ri Ai +( #s% r6s!"6%i.i c(
s6n6%+%e Ai *i%+"i%+%e =$B(n6%6.i%e. =n $edie, c"es%er"(" "r +
sc6C(% de "+ 99; $/0dL "+ J;_9 $/0dL, i+r c"es%er"(" r6( +
sc6C(% de "+ JL9 $/0dL "+ OL $/0dL. Ti, d(!6 (n +n, #rec*en.+,
d(r+%+ Ai /r+*i%+%e+ d(reri"r de !ie!% +( sc6C(% *er%i/ins. Er+ c"+r
c6, c( c7% !+cien.ii res!ec%+ ( $+i =nde+!r+!e rec$+nd6ri"e
!ri*ind s%i"(" de *i+.6, c( +%7% !rces(" de *indec+re +" ini$i"r "r
$er/e+ $+i Bine. L+ !+cien.ii c+re +( #s% cei $+i cnA%iinciAi =n
c(rs(" +ce"(i +n s8+ Bser*+% c6 B"c+'e"e din +r%ere"e "r s8+(
$icAr+% c( !es%e P^. P+%r( !rcen%e !+%e s6 n( !+r6 $+re "(cr(,
d+r n( (i%+.i c6 B+"+ de ini$6 se #r$e+C6 =n dec(rs(" =n%re/ii
*ie.i, +A+ c6 $di#ic+re de P^ =n dec(rs de (n +n cns%i%(ie (n
reC("%+% #+n%+s%ic. (n ansam*lu, la @46 dintre pacien)ii din grupul
e0perimental *oala de inim' a regresat (n decurs de un an.
Gr(!(" de cn%r" =ns6 n( s8+ si$.i% "+ #e" de Bine, =n ci(d+
#+!%("(i c6 +( !ri$i% =n/ri'ire+ BiAn(i%6. D(rere+ !ec%r+"6 s8+
+ccen%(+% =n ce !ri*eA%e #rec*en.+, d(r+%+ Ai /r+*i%+%e+. De
e<e$!"(, =n %i$! ce /r(!(" e<!eri$en%+" + !reCen%+% red(cere de
OJ^ =n ce !ri*eA%e #rec*en.+ d(rerii de !ie!%, /r(!(" de cn%r" +
!reCen%+% creA%ere c( JSL^ + #rec*en.ei d(rerii de !ie!%.
Ni*e"(ri"e c"es%er"("(i "r +( #s% c( $("% $+i re"e dec7% ce"e +"e
!+cien.i"r din /r(!(" e<!eri$en%+" Ai, de +se$ene+, B"c+'e"e din
+r%ere"e "r s8+( +/r+*+%. P+cien.ii din /r(!(" c+re n( +( +crd+%
+%en.ie die%ei Ai sc)i$B6ri"r =n s%i"(" de *i+.6 +( +*(% B"c+'e c+re
+( cresc(% =n di$ensi(ne c( R^ =n dec(rs de (n +n.
P
-
D+%ri%6 ce"r re+"iC+%e de Dr. Ornis), Dr. Esse"s%yn Ai +".ii
=n+in%e de ei, c($ +r #i Dr. Mrrisn, e( cred c6 ni +$ desc!eri%
e"e$en%(" s%r+%e/ic =n !"+n(" ns%r( de "(!%6 =$!%ri*+ B"ii de
ini$6.Tr+%+$en%e"e !e B+C6 de die%6 +"e +ces%r+ n( d+r c6 +(
+$e"ir+% criCe"e +n/in+se, d+r +( %r+%+% Ai c+(C+ B"ii de ini$6 Ai
+( !(%(% e"i$in+ e*eni$en%e crn+riene *ii%+re. N( e<is%6
%r+%+$en%e c)ir(r/ic+"e s+( $edic+$en%+se !en%r( B+"+ de
ini$6 "+ C"inic+ din C"e*e"+nd s+( =n +"%6 !+r%e c+re s6 se !+%6
c$!+r+ c( +ces%e reC("%+%e i$!resin+n%e.
EIITG*UL
2ii%r(" es%e !"in de s!er+n.6. Ac($ A%i$ s(#icien% de $("%e
"(cr(ri c+ s6 !(%e$ e"i$in+ +!r+!e c$!"e% B+"+ de ini$6. N(
A%i$ d+r c($ s6 !re*eni$ B+"+ de ini$6, ci A%i$ Ai c($ s6
%r+%6$ c( s(cces. N( es%e ne*ie s6 ne des!ic6$ !ie!%(", !rin
!er+.ii c$!"ic+%e, c+ s6 redirec.in6$ +r%ere"e n+s%re Ai n( es%e
ne*ie s6 ne =nc6rc6$ %+%6 *i+.+ s7n/e"e c( $edic+$en%e +%7% de
!(%ernice. A"i$en%7nd(8ne c( )r+n+ cres!(nC6%+re, ni ne
!(%e$ !6s%r+ ini$i"e s6n6%+se.
Ur$6%r(" !+s es%e +ce"+ de + i$!"e$en%+ +ce+s%6 +Brd+re
!rin die%6 !e sc+r6 "+r/6, +dic6 e<+c% cee+ ce #+ce Dr, De+n Ornis)
+c($. Gr(!(" s6( de cerce%+re + =nce!(% !riec%(" de de$ns%r+.ii
!rin s%i" de *i+.6 =n $("%i!"e cen%re
GFulticenter Lifestyle Demonstration ProCectN, c+re re!reCin%6
$d(" =n c+re se *+ %r+%+ B+"+ de ini$6 =n *ii%r. Ec)i!e de
s!eci+"iA%i din d$eni(" s6n6%6.ii din !% "c+.ii di#eri%e +( !ri$i%
ins%r(ire !en%r( + %r+%+ !+cien.i B"n+*i de ini$6 !rin !r/r+$(" de
in%er*en.ie =n s%i"(" de *i+.6 +" Dr. Ornis). P% !+r%ici!+ !+cien.i
c+re d*edesc !rin +c%e $edic+"e c6 B+"+ "r de ini$6 es%e +%7% de
se*er6 =nc7% s6 '(s%i#ice in%er*en.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e. In "c de +ces%e
in%er*en.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e, ei se !% =nr"+ =n%r8 !r/r+$ B+C+% !e s%i"
de *i+.6, c( d(r+%+ de (n +n. Aces%+ + rs% =nce!(% =n JOOQ Ai !7n6
=n JOOR s8+( /6si% !+%r(Ceci de !r/r+$e de +si/(r6ri c+re +(
+c!eri% cs%(ri"e !en%r( !+cien.ii se"ec%+.i.
Q9
P7n6 =n JOOR, +!r+!e 9:: de !ers+ne +( !+r%ici!+% "+ +ces%
Proiect prin Stil de via)' i+r reC("%+%e"e s(n% #en$en+"e. D(!6 (n
+n de %r+%+$en%, SL^ din !+cien.i n( $+i +( d(rere !ec%r+"6.
E#ec%(" + #s% Ai de d(r+%6. D(!6 %rei +ni, S:^ din%re !+cien.i +(
cn%in(+% s6 r+!r%eCe c6 n( $+i +( d(reri =n !ie!%.>
Pe "7n/6 Bene#icii"e !en%r( s6n6%+%e s(n% Ai Bene#icii din
!(nc% de *edere ecn$ic. =n #iec+re +n s(n% e#ec%(+%e !es%e (n
$i"in de in%er*en.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e +s(!r+ ini$ii.
Q9
=n 9::9,
ser*icii"e $edici"r Ai =n/ri'ire+ $edic+"6 din s!i%+"e !en%r(
!+cien.ii c( B"i de ini$6 +( cs%+% ;R,J $i"i+rde ` FAi +ces%e+ n(
inc"(d cs%(ri"e $edic+$en%e"r Ai =n/ri'ire+ $edic+"6 de "+
d$ici"i(G.
9
D+r !rced(r+ +n/i!"+s%iei cs%6 QJ.::: `, i+r
!er+.i+ By!+ss cs%6 PS.::: =n cn%r+s% iCBi%r, !r/r+$(" de
in%er*en.ie !rin s%i" de *i+.6 c( d(r+%+ de (n +n cs%6 d+r ;::: `.
FC$!+r7nd !+cien.ii c+re +( +d!%+% !r/r+$(" !rin s%i" de *i+.6
c( !+cien.ii c+re +( +d!%+% c+"e+ %r+di.in+"6 !rin c)ir(r/ie, Dr.
Ornis) Ai c"e/ii s6i +( de$ns%r+% c6 !r/r+$(" de in%er*en.ie
!rin s%i" de *i+.6 + red(s cs%(ri"e c( $edie de Q:.:S: ` !e
!+cien%.[
9
M+i s(n% $("%e de #6c(%. Ins%i%(.ii"e de =n/ri'ire + s6n6%6.ii
s(n% s%r(c%(r+%e +s%#e" =nc7% s6 +iB6 !r#i% de !e (r$+ in%er*en.ii"r
!rin $edic+$en%e Ai !er+.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e. Die%+ es%e =nc6 !(s6 !e
!"+n(" di #+.6 de $edic+$en%e Ai c)ir(r/ie. O cri%ic6 +d(s6 $ere(
+r/($en%("(i die%e%ic es%e +ce"+ c6 !+cien.ii n( *r #+ce
+se$ene+ sc)i$B6ri #(nd+$en%+"e. Un dc%r +c(C6 c6 !+cien.ii
Dr. Esse"s%yn =Ai sc)i$B6 Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re din c+(C+
cn*in/erii Ce"+se> + Dr. Esse"s%yn.[
;
Ace+s%6 cri%ic6 n( e d+r
(n+ ne=n%e$ei+%6 Ai +de*6r+%6 ins("%6 #+.6 de !+cien.i, ci es%e, de
+se$ene+, $+rc+%6 de +r/+n.6. D+c6 dc%rii n( cred c6 !+cien.ii
=Ai *r sc)i$B+ +"i$en%+.i+, ei *r ne/"i'+ s6 *rBe+sc6 de die%6 s+(
*r +$in%i +A+, =n %re+c6%, Ai =n%r8(n $d dis!re.(i%r. N( !+%e
e<is%+ $+i $+re "i!s6 de res!ec% !e c+re (n $edic s6 +r+%e
!+cien.i"r dec7% +cee+ de + re#(C+ s6 "e !reCin%e in#r$+.ii c+re "e
!% s+"*+ *i+.+, !rnind, Bine=n.e"es, de "+ !res(!(nere+ c6
!+cien.ii n( *r s6 =Ai sc)i$Be s%i"(" de *i+.6.
Ins%i%(.ii"e Bine in%en.in+%e n( s(n% sc(%i%e de +se$ene+
=n/(s%i$e + $in.ii. $merican Heart $ssociation FAsci+.i+
A$eric+n6 + Ini$iiG rec$+nd6 die%6 !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6 c+re
#+*riCe+C6 $+i de/r+B6 $der+.i+ dec7% +de*6r(" A%iin.i#ic.
Pr/r+$(" N+.in+" de Ed(c+.ie =n !ri*in.+ C"es%er"("(i #+ce
+ce"+Ai "(cr(. Aces%e r/+niC+.ii si%(e+C6 die%e"e $der+%e, c(
sc)i$B6ri $inre, !e !Ci.i+ de .in%e> !en%r( (n s%i" de *i+.6
s6n6%s. D+c6 risc(" %6( !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6 es%e #+r%e $+re,
s+( d+c6 eA%i de'+ B"n+* de ini$6, ei =%i rec$+nd6 s6 +d!.i
die%6 c+re s6 cn.in6 Q:^ din %%+"(" c+"rii"r s(B #r$6 de
/r6si$iF;^ din %%+"(" c+"rii"r s(B #r$6 de /r6si$i s+%(r+%eG Ai
$+i !(.in de 9:: $/0Ci c"es%er" din +"i$en%e.
PR
[
P
[ Ti, cn#r$
+ce"r+Ai in#r$+.ii, +r %reB(i s6 ne $en.ine$ c"es%er"(" %%+" s(B
ni*e"(" ,0de dri%> de 9:: $/0dL.
P
>[
Aces%e *ener+Bi"e r/+niC+.ii n( #er6 !(B"ic("(i +$eric+n
in#r$+.ii"e A%iin.i#ice ce"e $+i recen%e. In %i$! ce ni se s!(ne c6
(n ni*e" de 9:: $/0dL +" c"es%er"("(i %%+" es%e de dri%>, ni
A%i$ c6 QL^ dintre atacurile de cord lovesc pe americanii care au
colesterolul (ntre AS5 %i 455 mgBdLO F(n ni*e" c( +de*6r+% si/(r +"
c"es%er"("(i es%e +ce"+ de s(B JL: $/0dLG. Ti $+i A%i$, de
+se$ene+, c6 ce+ $+i !(%ernic6 re/resie + B"ii de ini$6 ce + #s%
*red+%6 de$ns%r+%6 s8+ !rd(s +%(nci c7nd /r6si$i"e +( #s%
red(se "+ s(B J:^ din +!r%(" c+"ric %%+". S%(dii"e +( de$ns%r+%
c( c"+ri%+%e c6 $(".i din%re !+cien.ii c+re (r$e+C6 die%e"e $("% $+i
$der+%e rec$+nd+%e de /(*ern !reCin%6 avansare a *olii
de ini$6.
LJ
2ic%i$e"e ne*in*+%e s(n% +$eric+nii cnA%iinciAi
c+re =n.e"e/ c6 %reB(ie s6 =Ai *+d6 de s6n6%+%e, c+re (r$e+C6 +ces%e
rec$+nd6ri, !6s%r7nd(8Ai ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i %%+" =n '(r("
*+"rii de JR:8JO: $/0dL, d+r !en%r( + #i r6s!"6%i.i c( (n +%+c de
crd c+re =i cnd(ce "+ $+r%e !re$+%(r6.
Ti, c("$e+ c("$i"r, Pr/r+$(" N+.in+" de Ed(c+.ie =n
!ri*in.+ c"es%er"("(i +#ir$6 (r$6%+re"e, =n $d +%7% de
!eric("sI Sc)i$B6ri"e =n s%i"(" de *i+.6 cns%i%(ie ce"e $+i
e#icien%e $i'"+ce de + red(ce risc(" de B"i crn+riere. D+r,
c)i+r Ai +A+, !en%r( + B.ine $+<i$($ de Bene#ici(, $("%e
!ers+ne *r +*e+ ne*ie de $edic+$en%e c+re s6 sc+d6
c"es%er"(".>
PO
Nici n( es%e de $ir+re c6 s6n6%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r
es%e %% $+i !rec+r6. Rec$+nd6ri"e die%e%ice !en%r( ce"e $+i
B"n+*e ini$i, d+%e de +A+8Cis ren($i%e ins%i%(.ii, s(n% +%en(+%e c(
se*eri%+%e Ai (r$+%e de +*er%is$en%(" c6, ric($, e #+r%e !rB+Bi"
s6 +*e$ ne*ie de $edic+$en%e %+%6 *i+.+.
Or/+niC+.ii"e n+s%re cnd(c6%+re se %e$ c6, d+c6 *r
s(s.ine sc)i$B6ri $+i $("% dec7% $des%e, ni$eni n( "e *+ d+
+sc("%+re. D+r die%e"e rec$+nd+%e =n sis%e$ n( s(n% "+ #e" de
s6n6%+se c+ die%e"e +d!%+%e de Dr. Esse"s%yn Ai Dr. Ornis).
Ade*6r(" es%e c6 (n ni*e" +" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in de 9:: $/0dL
n( !reCin%6 si/(r+n.6, die%6 c( Q:^ /r6si$i n( es%e die%6 c(
+!r% red(s de /r6si$i> Ai es%e nes6n6%s + cns($+ +"i$en%e ce
cn.in c"es%er" $+i $("% de : $/. Ins%i%(.ii"e n+s%re de s6n6%+%e
ind(c =n er+re =n $d in%en.in+% !(B"ic(" c( !ri*ire "+ B+"+ de
ini$6, Ai %+%e +ces%e+ =n n($e"e $der+.iei>.
C)i+r d+c6 +$enii de A%iin.6, dc%rii Ai cei ce #+c !"i%ici"e
sc%esc c6 !(B"ic(" se !+%e s+( n( sc)i$B+, +$enii %reB(ie s6
#ie cnA%ien.i c6 die%6 in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6 es%e de de!+r%e ce+
$+i s6n6%+s6 +"i$en%+.ie, =n re#er+%(" de B+C6 =n ce !ri*eA%e
Studiul de referin)' privitor 2a efectul stilului de via)' asupra
inimii, +(%rii, Dr. Ornis) Ai c"e/ii s6i s!eci+"iA%i =n d$eni(,
re$+rc6I #Pro*lema central' (n studiul nostru a fost aceea de a
determina ce este adev'rat, nu ce este practica*il, Fs(B"iniere+
$e+G.
PS
Ac($ ni A%i$ cee+ ce es%e +de*6r+%I die%6 in%e/r+"
*e/e%+ri+n6, !+%e !re*eni Ai %r+%+ B+"+ de ini$6, s+"*7nd s(%e de
$ii de +$eric+ni =n #iec+re +n.
Dr. 4i""i+$ C+s%e""i, direc%r(" !e !eri+d6 +%7% de "(n/6 +"
Studiului Eramingham, (n !(nc% is%ric =n cerce%+re+ B"ii de
ini$6, s(s.ine die%+ in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6.
Dr. Esse"s%yn, c+re + de$ns%r+% ce+ $+i se$ni#ic+%i*6
re/resie + B"ii de ini$6 din %+%6 is%ri+ $edicinei, s(s.ine die%+
%%+" *e/e%+ri+n6 c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e.
Dr. Ornis), c+re + #s% (n desc)iC6%r de dr($ =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e %r+%+re+ B"ii de ini$6 #6r6 $edic+$en%e s+( in%er*en.ii
c)ir(r/ic+"e Ai + d*edi% c"+re Bene#icii din !(nc% de *edere
ecn$ic !en%r( !+cien.ii Ai +si/(r6%rii !riec%e"r s+"e, s(s.ine
die%+ in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6.
Ac($ es%e $$en%(" $+ri"r s!er+n.e Ai !r*c6ri, (n %i$!
=n c+re +$enii =Ai *r .ine e#ec%i* s(B cn%r" s6n6%+%e+. Un(" din
cei $+i B(ni Ai cnA%iinciAi $edici !e c+re i8+$ =n%7"ni% *red+%6,
e<!ri$6 #+r%e Bine +ce+s%6 re+"i%+%eI
<on%tiin)a etic' %i voin)a colectiv' a profesiei noastre a fost
pus' la (ncercare mai mult ca niciodat'. $ sosit timpul s' avem
curaCul s' ne lans'm (ntr!o lucrare ce va r'm&ne
cu adev'rat (n istorie.
! Dr9 C$ld+ell )9 =sselst<n, Jr9R
C
OBEKITATEA
P+%e +.i +(Ci% "+ A%iri. P+%e +.i +#"+%, $6c+r +A+ =n%r8 d+r6, c7%
de incrediBi"e s(n% s%+%is%ici"e !ri*ind BeCi%+%e+ "+ +$eric+ni.
P+%e !(r Ai si$!"( +.i Bser*+%, $er/7nd "+ c($!6r6%(ri "+
+"i$en%+r6, c6 %% $+i $(".i +$eni s(n% s(!r+!nder+"i c$!+r+%i* c(
+nii %rec(.i.
P+%e +.i #s% =n s6"i de c"+s6, !e %eren(ri de '+c6 s+( =n /r6dini.e
Ai +.i Bser*+% c7% de $(".i c!ii s(n% de'+ $(%i"+.i din c+(C+
s(!r+/re(%6.ii Ai n( !% +"er/+ $+i $("% de c7.i*+ $e%ri !en%r( c6 de +Bi+
=Ai %r+/ r6s(#"+re+.
E /re( s6 n( re$+rci =n +ces%e *re$(ri "(!%+ n+s%r6 c(
@i"/r+$e"e =n !"(s. Ui%+.i8*6 =n%r8(n Ci+r s+( re*is%6, desc)ide.i
r+di(" s+( %e"e*iCr(" Ai *e.i +#"+ c6 A$eric+ +re !rB"e$6 c(
/re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6. De #+!%, di din %rei +$eric+ni +d(".i s(n%
s(!r+!nder+"i, i+r %rei$e din !!("+.i+ +d("%6 + A$ericii es%e BeC6.
N( d+r c6 +ces%e ci#re s(n% #+r%e $+ri, d+r ri%$(" =n c+re cresc es%e
+"+r$+n% F/r+#ic(" J.9, c+!i%"(" "G.
J
D+r ce =nse+$n6 %er$enii >s(!r+!nder+"> Ai >BeC>? E<!resi+
s%+nd+rd !en%r( di$ensi(ne+ cr!("(i es%e indicele de mas' corporal'
FIMCG. Aces%+ re!reCin%6 /re(%+%e+ cr!("(i F=n @i"/r+$e, @/G #+.6 de
=n6".i$e+ cr!("(i F=n $e%ri !6%r+.i, $
9
G. P%ri*i% ce"r $+i #ici+"e
s%+nd+rde, + #i s(!r+!nder+" =nse+$n6 + +*e+ IMC !es%e 9L, i+r + #i
BeC !es%e Q:. Acee+Ai sc+"6 es%e (%i"iC+%6 +%7% !en%r( B6rB+.i, c7% Ai
!en%r( #e$ei. =.i !.i de%er$in+ IMC8(" #"sind %+Be"(" S.J, c+re
!reCin%6 in#r$+.ii"e neces+re, (ni%6.i"e de $6s(r6 #iind @i"/r+$(" Ai
cen%i$e%r(" F@/ Ai c$G.
T+Be"(" S.JI Indice"e de $+s6 cr!r+"6.
Normal Supraponderal Ob.i
1
SAC '
(kl!m"
19 20 21 22 2# 24 2$ 26 27 28 29 #0 #$ 40
in." %&im
e
('m"
(reu)a)ea (k*"
147+$ *u 41.7 4$+# 474 $0 $2 $4 $6 $8+$ 60+7 62+$ 6$ 7$+$ 86+$
1, 42.$ 4$ 47 $0 n $4 $8 $8 60 62+$ 6$ 67 78+$ 90
1$2+$ 44 46 48+$ $0+7 $#.$ $$+7 $8 60 62.$ 6$ 67 69.$ 81 92+$
1$6 4$+# 48 $0 $2+$ $$.2 $7+$ $9.8 624 64.7 67 69.# 714 84 9$+$
1$7+$ 47 49+# $2 $4.# -r $9+# 61.6 644 66+$ 69.# 714 744 86+$ 99
160 48.$ $1 $#4 $6 $8.8 61 64 66 68+8 71+$ 7#+8 76.$ 89+2 101
162+$ 49 $2+$ $$+2 $8 60+7 6#+$ 6$.6 68+$ 71 74 76+$ 79 92+$ 10$
16$ $1+6 $4 $7 $9+7 62+$ 6$+2 68 70.6 7#.# 76 79 81+$ 9$ 108
167+$ $#+$ $6 $9 61+6 64+# 67 70 7# 7$.$ 784 81 84 98 112
170 $$ $7.$ 60+7 6#.4 66 69 72 7$ 78 80 84 86+$ 101 11$
172+$ $6+$ $9+# 62+$ 6$ 68+$ 71.$ 74 77+$ 80 8#+# 86 89+2 104 116
17$ $8 61 64+# 67+$ 70 7#+# 76.$ 79.7 84+2 8$+$ 88+7 92 108 122
177+$ $9+7 6# 66 69+# 72+$ 7$+$ 78+7 62 8$ 684 91.$ 94+$ 110 126
160 61.$ 64.7 68 71 744 78 61 64 87+$ 904 94 97 11# 129+$
182+$ 6#+$ 66+$ 69+7 7#4 76+$ 80 8#+# 86+$ 90 9#+# 96.$ 100 117 1##
18$ 62+$ 68+$ 72 7$ 79 82.$ 8$+$ 89 92+$ 96 99 10# 120 1#7
187.$ 67 70 74 77+$ 81 84 68 91+$ 9$ 98+7 101 10$+$ 12# 141
190 69 72.$ 76 80 8#+# 87 90.$ 94 98 161 10$ 108+7 126 144+$
19# 70.$ 74 78 81+$ 8$+$ 89 9# 96+$ 100 104 106 111+$ 1#0 148+$
COPIII
P+%e c6 e"e$en%(" ce" $+i de!ri$+n% +" si%(+.iei +nr$+"e
"e/+%e de s(!r+di$ensi(ni"e n+s%re =" re!reCin%6 n($6r(" %% $+i
$+re de c!ii s(!r+!nder+"i Ai BeCi. A!r<. JL^ din%re c!iii
A$ericii Fde "+ S "+ JO +niG s(n% s(!r+!nder+"i. Un +"% !rcen% de
JL^ !reCin%6 risc(" de + de*eni s(!r+!nder+"i.
9
C!iii s(!r+!nder+"i s(n% cn#r(n%+.i c( serie =n%re+/6 de
!r*c6ri !si)"/ice Ai sci+"e. D(!6 c($ A%i.i, c!iii s(n%
desc)iAi Ai direc.iW (neri %eren(" de'+c6 !+%e #i
(n "c ne$i"s. C!iii s(!r+!nder+"i =Ai #+c !rie%eni $+i /re( Ai
+dese+ s(n% cnsider+.i "eneAi Ai deCrdn+.i. L+ ei !rB+Bi"i%+%e+
de + +*e+ di#ic("%6.i c$!r%+$en%+"e Ai de =n*6.+re es%e $+i
$+re, i+r i$+/ine+ de sine !r+s%6 !e c+re Ai8 #r$e+C6 =n
+d"escen.6 !+%e d(r+ %+%6 *i+.+.[
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!e %er$en "(n/ Ai n( =ncerc+re de c7r!ire r+!id6 !rin%r8
ci(d6.enie. Ace+s%6 s"(.ie #er6 !ierdere =n /re(%+%e cns%+n%6,
cnc$i%en% c( red(cere+ risc("(i de + #+ce B"i crnice.
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c+r%#i !r6'i.i s+( B$B+ne? C+re es%e /re(%+%e+ (nei +se$ene+
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c( $iAc+re+ #iCic6, Cen%r(" + cns%+%+% c6 +ceA%i+ +( !ierd(%
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n( s"6Besc. S(n% c7%e*+ $%i*e !rinci!+"e !en%r( +ce+s%+. =n
!ri$(" r7nd, Ai ce" $+i i$!r%+n%, + s"6Bi #"sind die%6
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cns($6 !re+ $(".i )idr+.i de c+rBn r+#in+.i. Dulciurile,
pr'Citurile, pl'cintele, produsele de patiserie
%i pastele f'inoase nu pot duce la sl'*ire. Aces%e +"i$en%e s(n%
#+r%e cncen%r+%e =n C+)+r(ri Ai +$idn(ri c+re se di/er6 re!ede,
i+r !rd(se"e de !+%iserie, !r6'i%(ri"e, !"6cin%e"e +( +dese+ Ai (n
cn.in(% #+r%e $+re de /r6si$i. AA+ c($ +$ $en.in+% =n
c+!i%"(" P, +ces%e +"i$en%e nen+%(r+"e, =n+"% !rces+%e, n( #+c
!+r%e din die%+ *e/e%+ri+n6 c+re !+%e red(ce /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6
Ai !r$*+ s6n6%+%e+. Aces%+ es%e (n(" din $%i*e"e !rinci!+"e
!en%r( c+re $6 re#er de Bicei "+ +"i$en%+.i+ !%i$6 #"sind
e<!resi+ +"i$en%+.ie =n %%+"i%+%e *e/e%+ri+n6, cu alimente
integrale.
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ne+!6r+% +ce"+Ai "(cr( c( die%6 c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6. Unii +$eni de*in *e/e%+rieni d+r !en%r( + =n"c(i
c+rne+ c( !rd(se"e "+c%+%e, /r6si$i"e +d6(/+%e Ai )idr+.i de
c+rBn r+#in+.i, !+s%e #6in+se #6c(%e din cere+"e r+#in+%e, d("ci(ri
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MiAc+re+ #iCic6 e#ec%(+%6 =n%r8 !r!r.ie reCn+Bi"6, =n $d
re/("+%, !+%e d(ce "+ reC("%+%e B(ne.
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#+ce c+ !r*c+re+ "r s6 #ie $+i di#ici"6. D+c6 %e =nc+dreCi +ici,
!% d+r s6 =.i s!(n c6 %reB(ie s6 #ii #+r%e ri/(rs =n ce !ri*eA%e
+"i$en%+.i+ Ai $iAc+re+ #iCic6. =n C)in+ r(r+"6 ni +$ Bser*+% c6
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=n .6ri"e din *es% +'(n/ Ai ei !r+d6 BeCi%6.ii. Deci, d+c6 die%+ Ai
s%i"(" de *i+.6 +" +$eni"r din C)in+ de*in c+ +"e n+s%re, Ai
cr!(ri"e "r +'(n/ c+ +"e n+s%re. Pen%r( !+r%e din +ceA%i
+$eni, c( (ne"e !redis!Ci.ii /ene%ice, nici n( e ne*ie de !re+
$("%e +"i$en%e necres!(nC6%+re !en%r( c+ $di#ic+re+ die%ei "r
s6 c+(CeCe !rB"e$e.
P6s%r+re+ /re(%6.ii cr!r+"e =n "i$i%e nr$+"e !res(!(ne
+d!%+re+ (n(i +n($i% s%i" de *i+.6 !e %er$en "(n/. Ace"e c(re de
s"6Bire +$6/i%+re, c+re !rd(c !ierderi
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s(#erin.e !e %er$en "(n/, c($ s(n% !rB"e$e ren+"e, B+"6 de
ini$6, c+ncer, +#ec.i(ni +"e +se"r Ai +r%ic("+.ii"r Ai +"%e !rB"e$e
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de ce *6 +A%e!%+.i c+ +ce+s%+ s6 !+%6 #i d+%6 's =n c7%e*+
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c+ c(rs6, s+( =n%recereW +ce+s%+ n( +r d(ce "+ +"%ce*+ dec7% s68J
#+c6 !e ce" ce +d!%6 $+i drnic s6 sc+!e de e+ Ai s6 se =n%+rc6
"+ *ec)i"e Bicei(ri +"i$en%+re, +ce"e+ c+re "8+( d(s =n si%(+.i+ de +
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*e/e%+rieni Ai *e/+ni> + desc!eri% c6 indice"e de $+s6 cr!r+"6 +
#s% $+i $ic "+ cei c+re +( +d!%+% +ce+s%6 die%6 cinci s+( $+i
$(".i +ni> =n c$!+r+.ie c( cei c+re +( #"si% +ce+s%6 die%6 $+i
!(.in de cinci +ni.
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r7nd, n( %e /7ndi c6 *+ %reB(i s6 #+ci s+cri#icii, s6 %e "i!seA%i de
(ne"e "(cr(ri s+( s6 ren(n.i "+ "(cr(ri /(s%+seW n( es%e ne*ie.
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n+%(r+" +"i$en%e"r cres!(nC6%+re de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s6 ne
)r6ne+sc6, #6r6 c+ ni s6 #i$ ne*i.i s6 ne /7ndi$ "+ #iec+re
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$7nc+ sc(%i% de /ri'i. O#er6 cr!("(i %6( )r+n+ cres!(nC6%+re Ai
+ces%+ *+ #+ce cee+ ce %reB(ie c( e+.
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cns($6 $+i !(.ine c+"rii. Ti +s%+ n( !en%r( c6 s(n% s(!(Ai "+
=n#$e%+re. De #+!%, ei *r !e%rece $+i $("% %i$! $7nc7nd Ai ei
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densi%+%e ener/e%ic6 $("% $+i $ic6 dec7% +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine
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#iec+re "in/(r6 s+( c+n6 de +se$ene+ +"i$en%e. N( (i%+.i c6
/r6si$i"e +( O c+"rii !e /r+$, =n %i$! ce )idr+.ii de c+rBn Ai
!r%eine"e d+r P c+"rii !e /r+$. =n !"(s, #r(c%e"e, "e/($e"e Ai
cere+"e"e in%e/r+"e +( $("%e #iBre, c+re cn#er6 s+.ie%+%e
9J9L
Ai n(
+d(c c+"rii =n !"(s $esei %+"e. AA+d+r, +d!%7nd )r+n6
s6n6%+s6, es%e !siBi" c+ s6 red(ci n($6r(" c+"rii"r !e c+re "e
in%rd(ci =n r/+nis$, "e di/eri Ai "e +BsrBi, c)i+r d+c6 $6n7nci
c( $("% $+i $("%6 )r+n6.
Ace+s%6 idee, "(+%6 se!+r+%, n( cns%i%(ie %%(Ai e<!"ic+.ie
s(#icien%6 =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e Bene#icii"e (nei die%e c( +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. Acee+Ai cri%ic6 !e c+re +$ +dres+%8
die%ei A%@ins Ai +"%r die%e !!("+re c( +!r% red(s de )idr+ .i de
c+rBn> Fc+!i%"(" PG !+%e #i +!"ic+%6 Ai s%(dii"r !e %er$en sc(r%
=n c+re s(Biec.ii #"sesc $+i !(.ine c+"rii !rin +d!%+re+ (nei
die%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. Pe %er$en "(n/, +ces%r s(Biec.i "e *+ #i
#+r%e /re( s6 %r6i+sc6 c( (n +!r% #+r%e sc6C(% de c+"riiW
!ierdere+ =n /re(%+%e din c+(C+ res%ric.iei c+"rice r+reri d(ce I+
!ierderi =n /re(%+%e !e %er$en "(n/. I+%6 de ce +"%e s%(dii '+c6 (n
r" esen.i+" in e<!"ic+re+ Bene#icii"r (nei die%e c( +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, s%(dii c+re +r+%6 c6 !ierdere+ =n
/re(%+%e i$!"ic6 $+i $("% dec7% si$!"+ res%ric.ie c+"ric6.
Aces%e s%(dii +r/($en%e+C6 #+!%(" c6 vegetarienii consum'
aceea%i cantitate de calorii sau chiar semnificativ mai multe
calorii dec&t semenii lor care consum' carne %i, cu toate acestea,
ei sunt mai sla*i.,'
4R
', Studiul <hina + de$ns%r+% c6 c)ineCii din
Cn+ r(r+"6 ce #"sesc +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 cns($6
se$ni#ic+%i* $+i $("%e c+"rii !er @i"/r+$8cr! dec7% +$eric+nii.
D+r i+%6 s(r!riC+I chine/ii din /ona rural' sunt mai sla*i, (n timp
ce consum' un volum mai mare de m&ncare %i mai multe calorii.
O $+re !+r%e + +ces%(i e#ec% se d+%re+C6, #6r6 =ndi+"6, +c%i*i%6.ii
#iCice $+i in%ense... =ns6 +ce+s%6 c$!+r+.ie es%e #6c(%6 =n%re
+$eric+nii BiAn(i.i Ai cei $+i !(.in +c%i*i din%re c)ineCi, cei ce +(
+c%i*i%+%e de Bir(. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, s%(dii e#ec%(+%e =n
Isr+e"
9P
Ai =n M+re+ Bri%+nie> 8 Ai, s6 n( (i%6$, nici (n+ din%re
+ces%e .6ri n( re!reCin%6 c("%(ri +/r+re =n !rinci!+" 8 +r+%6, de
+se$ene+, c6 *e/e%+rienii !% cns($+ +ce"+Ai n($6r de c+"rii
s+( c)i+r se$ni#ic+%i* $+i $("%e Ai, c( %+%e +ces%e+, s6
c7n%6re+sc6 $+i !(.in.
In ce cns%6 secre%("? Un #+c%r !e c+re "8+$ $en.in+%
+n%erir es%e !rces(" termogene/ei, c+re se re#er6 "+ !rd(cere+
de c6"d(r6 =n %i$!(" $e%+B"is$("(i. S8+ Bser*+% c6 *e/e%+rienii
+( r+%6 + $e%+B"is$("(i (Ar $+i cresc(%6 =n %i$!(" !eri+dei
de di)n6>, +dic6 ei ei +rd ce*+ $+i $("% din c+"rii"e in/er+%e
!en%r( + !rd(ce c6"d(r6 =n r/+nis$ Ai n( "e de!(n s(B #r$6 de
/r6si$i de de!Ci%.
9;
O creA%ere re"+%i* $ic6 + r+%ei $e%+B"ice se
%r+d(ce =n%r8(n n($6r $+re de c+"rii +rse =n dec(rs de d(6Ceci Ai
!+%r( de re. =n $+re !+r%e B+C+ A%iin.i#ic6 !ri*ind i$!r%+n.+
+ces%(i #en$en + #s% !reCen%+%6 =n c+!i%"(" P.
/I.CA*=A ,ISICL
E#ec%(" !en%r( s"6Bire +" +c%i*i%6.ii #iCice es%e e*iden%. S(n%
d*eCi A%iin.i#ice =n sens(" +ces%+. O recen%6 +n+"iC6 + %(%(rr
s%(dii"r crediBi"e + c$!+r+% re"+.i+ din%re /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6 Ai
$iAc+re+ #iCic6
9
- Ai + +r6%+% c6 !ers+ne"e c+re s(n% $+i +c%i*e din
!(nc% de *edere #iCic +( /re(%+%e cr!r+"6 $+i $ic6. Un +"% /r(!
de s%(dii + +r6%+% c6
$iAc+re+ #iCic6 e#ec%(+%6 =n $d re/("+% + cn%riB(i% "+ $en.inere+
!ierderii de /re(%+%e dB7ndi%6 ini.i+" !rin !r/r+$e de $iAc+re
#iCic6. Nici +ce+s%+ n( + #s% s(r!riC6. A =nce!e Ai +!i + !ri (n
!r/r+$ de $iAc+re #iCic6 n( cns%i%(ie idee B(n6. Es%e ce" $+i
Bine s6 in%e/r6$ $iAc+re+ #iCic6 =n s%i"(" de *i+.6 +s%#e" =nc7% s6 #i$
=n #r$6 =n /ener+", n( d+r s6 +rde$ c+"rii.
C7% de $("%6 $iAc+re #iCic6 es%e neces+r6 !en%r( + n( %e
=n/r+A6? O es%i$+re +!r<i$+%i*6 =n (r$+ (nei +n+"iCe
9R
+ s(/er+%
c6 #6c7nd $iAc+re #iCic6 =n%re JL Ai P: $in(%e !e Ci, =n #iec+re Ci, *+
d(ce "+ $en.inere+ (nei /re(%6.i cr!r+"e c+re *+ #i c( L8O @/ $+i
$ic6 dec7% d+c6 n( s8+r #+ce $iAc+re #iCic6. In%eres+n%, n( %reB(ie
s6 (i%6$ +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 !e c+re e#ec%(6$ de "+ sine> =n *i+.+
n+s%r6 de Ci c( Ci. Ace+s%+ !+%e #i !(s6 =n cn%(" + J::8R::
c+"rii !e Ci F@c+"0CiG.
9
>
:
Pers+ne"e c+re s(n% !rinse cn%in(( =n
+c%i*i%6.i #iCice Fici Ai c">G *r #i c( $("% =n+in%e+ +ce"r+ c+re
s(n% !rinse =n c+!c+n+ (n(i s%i" de *i+.6 seden%+r.
A$ sesiC+% +*+n%+'e"e =$Bin6rii die%ei c( $iAc+re+ #iCic6
!en%r( + .ine s(B cn%r" /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6 !rin%r8(n s%(di( #+r%e
si$!"( c( +ni$+"e"e de e<!eri$en%. A$in%i.i8*6 c6 +ni$+"e"e
n+s%re e<!eri$en%+"e er+( )r6ni%e #ie c( +"i$en%+.ie %r+di.in+"6 c(
cn.in(% de 9:^ c+Cein6 F!r%ein+ "+!%e"(i de *+c6G, #ie c( die%+ c(
$+i !(.in6 c+Cein6, L^. TB"+nii c+re er+( +"i$en%+.i c( die%+ c(
L^ c+Cein6 +*e+( (i$i%r $+i !(.in c+ncer, (n ni*e" $+i sc6C(% +"
c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in Ai %r6i+( $+i $("%. Ei cns($+( de
+se$ene+ ce*+ $+i $("%e c+"rii Ai "e +rde+( s(B #r$6 de c6"d(r6
=n r/+nis$.
Unii din%re ni +$ Bser*+% =n dec(rs(" +ces%r e<!eri$en%e
c6 +ni$+"e"e )r6ni%e c( die%+ c( L^ c+Cein6 !6re+( + #i $+i +c%i*e
dec7% ce"e )r6ni%e c( die%+ c( 9:^ c+Cein6. Pen%r( + *eri#ic+
+ce+s%6 idee, +$ !(s AB"+nii +"i$en%+.i c( L^ c+Cein6 Ai !e cei
c( 9:^ c+Cein6 =n c(A%i !re*6C(%e c( r.i ec)i!+%e c( $ec+nis$e
de =nre/is%r+re + r%+.ii"r. C)i+r din !ri$+ Ci, +ni$+"e"e )r6ni%e c(
die%+ c( L^ c+Cein6 +( #6c(% =n $d *"(n%+r c+$ de d(6 ri $+i
$("%6 $iAc+re #iCic6 !e +ce+ r+%6 dec7% +ni$+"e"e )r6ni%e c( die%+
de 9:^ c+Cein6.> C+n%i%+%e+ de $iAc+re #iCic6 #6c(%6 de
+ni$+"e"e c( die%+ de L^ c+Cein6 + r6$+s cnsider+Bi" $+i $+re !e
!+rc(rs(" ce"r d(6 s6!%6$7ni +"e s%(di("(i.
Ac($ !(%e$ c$Bin+ niA%e Bser*+.ii c( +de*6r+% in%eres+n%e
=n ce !ri*eA%e /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6. O +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine *e/e%+"6
+c.ine+C6 +s(!r+ ec)i"iBr("(i c+"ric !en%r( + $en.ine /re(%+%e+
cr!r+"6 s(B cn%r" =n d(6 $d(ri. =n !ri$(" r7nd, +ce+s%+ se
deB+r+se+C6 de c+"rii (%i"iC7nd(8"e !en%r( =nc6"Cire+ cr!("(i =n
"c de + "e de!Ci%+ c+ /r6si$i =n r/+nis$, Ai n( es%e ne*ie s6
=n"6%(re $("%e c+"rii !en%r( + #+ce di#eren.6 $+re =n dec(rs("
(n(i +n. In +" di"e+ r7nd, +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine *e/e%+"6
=nc(r+'e+C6 s!re $+i $("%6 +c%i*i%+%e #iCic6. Ti, !e $6s(r6 ce se
!ierde =n /re(%+%e, es%e $("% $+i (Ar + #i $+i +c%i* din !(nc% de
*edere #iCic. Die%+ Ai $iAc+re+ #iCic6 "(cre+C6 =$!re(n6 !en%r( +
red(ce /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6 Ai + =$B(n6%6.i s%+re+ de s6n6%+%e =n
/ener+".
SX MERGEM YN DIRECIA CEA BUNX
OBeCi%+%e+ es%e cr+inic(" ce" $+i sinis%r( =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e
s6n6%+%e+ !rec+r6 + n+.i(ni"r *es%ice. Keci de $i"i+ne de +$eni
*r c6de+ !r+d6 ne!(%in.e"r de %% #e"(", cee+ ce *+ !(ne "+ /re+
=ncerc+re sis%e$(" ns%r( de =n/ri'ire + s6n6%6.ii, +A+ c($ n8+ #s%
!(s nicid+%6 =n+in%e.
S(n% $("%e !ers+ne Ai ins%i%(.ii c+re +c.ine+C6 !en%r( +
red(ce +ce+s%6 !rB"e$6, =ns6 !(nc%(" "r de +%+c es%e +dese+
i"/ic Ai se B+Ce+C6 !e in#r$+.ii /reAi%e. =n !ri$(" r7nd s(n%
$("%e"e !r$isi(ni Ai %er%i!(ri c+re !r$i% reC"*6ri r+!ide.
OBeCi%+%e+ n( es%e !rB"e$6 c+re s6 se !+%6 reC"*+ =n c7%e*+
s6!%6$7ni s+( c)i+r =n c7%e*+ "(ni, Ai +r %reB(i s6 *6 #eri.i de die%e,
!.i(ni Ai !i"("e c+re d(c I+ sc6dere r+!id6 =n /re(%+%e #6r6 s6 *6
/+r+n%eCe s%+re B(n6 de s6n6%+%e =n *ii%r. Dieta care aCut' la
sc'derea (n greutate !pe termen scurt tre*uie s' fie aceea%i diet'
care s' cree/e %i s' men)in' s'n'tatea pe termen lung.
In +" di"e+ r7nd, %endin.+ de + *6 cncen%r+ +s(!r+
BeCi%6.ii c+ B+"6 +!+r%e, =n $d iC"+%[
9
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=nse+$n6 +
!(ne !rB"e$+ =n $d /reAi%. Pri*ind +s%#e" BeCi%+%e+, +%en.i+
n+s%r6 se *+ =ndre!%+ s!re +n($i%e c(re s!eci#ice, =n %i$! ce *$
i/nr+ cn%r"(" +"%r B"i de c+re BeCi%+%e+ es%e !(%ernic "e/+%6.
Adic6, !ierde$ din *edere cn%e<%(", +ns+$B"(".
De +se$ene+, +A rec$+nd+ s6 i/nr6$ s(/es%i+ c6 !rin
c(n+A%ere+ $A%enirii /ene%ice ni ne8+$ !(%e+ cn%r"+
BeCi%+%e+. C( c7.i*+ +ni =n (r$6->
S
s8+ #6c(% $+re *7"*6 c(
!ri*ire "+ desc!erire+ /enei BeCi%6.ii>. A!i s8+ desc!eri% +
d(+ /en6 "e/+%6 de BeCi%+%e, +!i + %rei+, Ai + !+%r+ Ai %% +A+ $+i
de!+r%e. Sc!(" c+re se +#"6 =n+!i+ s%(dierii /enei BeCi%6.ii es%e
+ce"+ de + !er$i%e cerce%6%ri"r s6 cnce+!6 (n $edic+$en%
c+!+Bi" s6 sc+%6 din "(!%6 s+( s6 in+c%i*eCe c+(C+ c+re s%6 "+ B+C+
BeCi%6.ii. Aces% "(cr( es%e e<%re$ de "i$i%+% =n !ers!ec%i*e, Ai,
de!%ri*6, cn%r+!rd(c%i*. A crede c6 +n($i%e /ene, c+re +r
!(%e+ #i iden%i#ic+%e, !rd(c BeCi%+%e+ F+dic6 !r*ine din #+$i"ie,
n8+i ce8i #+ceG ne de%er$in6 s6 =n*in*6.i$ =n $d #+%+"is% c+(C6
!e c+re n( !(%e$ cn%r"+.
Ni putem cn%r"+ c+(C+. Se +#"6 c)i+r "+ c+!6%("
#(rc("i.ei n+s%re.
7
DIA)=TUL
Di+Be%(" de %i! 9 8 #r$+ ce+ $+i c$(n6 8 =ns.eA%e +dese+
BeCi%+%e+. Ti c($ ni, c+ n+.i(ne, cn%in(6$ s6 ne =n/r6A6$,
sc6!6$ de s(B rice cn%r" creA%ere+ inciden.ei di+Be%("(i. In cei
!% +ni din%re JOO: Ai JOOR, inciden.+ di+Be%("(i + cresc(% c( QQ^.[
Pes%e R^ din%re +$eric+nii +d(".i s(n% di+Be%ici, Ai !es%e JL:.:::
de %ineri +( +ce+s%6 B+"6. Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 JS $i"i+ne de
+$eric+ni. O ci#r6 =n#ricA6%+re? O %rei$e din +ceA%i +$eni c(
di+Be% =nc6 nici n( A%i( c6 =" +(.
9
Ne d6$ se+$+ c7% de /r+*6 es%e si%(+.i+ +%(nci c7nd c!iii
nA%ri, "+ *7rs%+ !(Ber%6.ii, =nce! s6 c+d6 !r+d6 #r$ei de di+Be%
c+r+c%eris%ic6 de Bicei +d(".i"r !es%e !+%r(Ceci de +ni. Un +r%ic"
de Ci+r + i"(s%r+% recen% +ce+s%6 e!ide$ie !rin re"+%+re+ c+C("(i
(nei #e%e c+re c7n%6re+ J;L @/ "+ *7rs%+ de JL +ni, +*e+ #r$+ de
di+Be% %i!ic6 +d(".i"r> Ai =Ai in'ec%+ ins("in+ de %rei ri !e Ci.
Q
Ce es%e di+Be%(", de ce %reB(ie s6 #i$ +%en.i =n +ce+s%6
!ri*in.6 Ai c($ +r %reB(i s6 ne #eri$ de + #+ce +ce+s%6 B+"6?
DGUL ,=J= AL= AC=LUIA.I D=/GN
M+'ri%+%e+ c+C(ri"r de di+Be% s(n% #ie de %i! J, #ie de %i! 9. Ti!("
J se =n%7"neA%e "+ c!ii Ai +d"escen.i Ai de +cee+ +dese+ es%e n($i%
di+Be% '(*eni". Ace+s%6 #r$6 re!reCin%6 =n%re L Ai J:^ din %%+"("
c+C(ri"r de di+Be%. Ti!(" 9, c+re =ns($e+C6 =n%re O:8OL^ din %+%e
c+C(ri"e de di+Be%, se =n%7"neA%e de Bicei "+ +d(".ii !es%e !+%r(Ceci
de +ni, Ai de +cee+ se n($eA%e di+Be%(" +d(".i"r.
9
=ns6 de+rece
!7n6 "+ PL^ din c+C(ri"e ni de di+Be% +"e c!ii"r s(n% #r$e de
di+Be% de %i! 9- s8+ ren(n.+% "+ den($iri"e "e/+%e de *7rs%6 Ai ce"e
d(6 #r$e de di+Be% s(n% n($i%e si$!"( di+Be% de %i! J Ai di+Be%
de %i! 9.[
In +$Be"e %i!(ri, B+"+ =nce!e !rin $e%+B"is$("
dis#(nc.in+" +" /"(cCei. Me%+B"is$(" nr$+" +re "c =n +ces%
#e"I
] Ni $7nc6$ di#eri%e +"i$en%e.
] 5r+n+ es%e di/er+%6 i+r !+r%ic("e"e de )idr+.i de c+rBn s(n%
des#6c(%e =n C+)+r(ri si$!"e, din c+re ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e
re!reCin%6 /"(cC+.
] G"(cC+ FC+)6r(" din s7n/eG !6%r(nde =n s7n/e, i+r !+ncre+s("
!rd(ce ins("in+ !en%r( + re+"iC+ %r+ns!r%(" +ces%ei+ Ai
dis%riB(ire+ =n %% r/+nis$(".
] Ins("in+, c+re +c.ine+C6 c+ (n (Aier, desc)ide (Ai"e !en%r(
/"(cC+ =n di#eri%e ce"("e !en%r( $(".i$e de sc!(ri. O !+r%e din
/"(cC+ es%e cn*er%i%6 =n ener/ie !e %er$en sc(r% !en%r( (C
i$edi+% =n ce"("e, i+r +"%6 !+r%e es%e de!Ci%+%6 c+ ener/ie !e
%er$en "(n/ F/r6si$eG !en%r( + #i (%i"iC+%6 $+i %7rCi(.
C7nd !ers+n6 #+ce di+Be%, +ces% !rces $e%+B"ic se
!r6B(AeA%e. Di+Be%icii de %i! J n( !% !rd(ce ins("in+ neces+r6
de+rece ce"("e"e !rd(c6%+re de ins("in+ din !+ncre+s(" "r +(
#s% dis%r(se. Es%e (r$+re+ #+!%("(i c6 r/+nis$(" se +%+c6 !e sine
=ns(Ai, cee+ ce #+ce c+ di+Be%(" de %i! J s6 #ie B+"6 +(%i$(n6.
FDi+Be%(" de %i! J Ai +"%e B"i +(%i$(ne s(n% disc(%+%e =n c+!i%"("
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ins("in+, cee+ ce =nse+$n6 c6 d+%6 ce ins("in+ =nce!e s6 de+
rdine> !en%r( + e<!edi+ C+)6r(" din s7n/e, r/+nis$(" n( $+i
+sc("%6 +ces%e rdine. Ins("in+ de*ine ine#icien%6, i+r C+)6r(" din
s7n/e n( es%e $e%+B"iC+% cres!(nC6%r.
I$+/in+.i8*6 cr!(" d($ne+*+s%r6 c+ #iind (n +er!r%
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$7nc+.i, C+)6r(" din s7n/e creA%e. =n
+n+"/i+ n+s%r6, +ce+s%+ =nse+$n6 c6 "+ +er!r% +( =nce!(% s6
sse+sc6 $(".i$e de c6"6%ri. O+$enii *in c( $+Aini"e "r,
!+rc)e+C6 =n%r8(n +n($i% "c Ai $er/ +!i "+ "c(" s!eci+" de (nde
%reB(ie s6 =i !rei+ (n +(%B(C. Pe $6s(r6 ce C+)6r(" din s7n/e
cn%in(6 s6 cre+sc6, %+%e "c(ri"e de !+rc+re +"e +er!r%("(i se
($!"(, Ai %.i +$enii se +d(n6 =n "c(ri"e s!eci+"e (nde *in
+(%B(Ce"e. A(%B(Ce"e +ces%e+ re!reCin%6, desi/(r, ins("in+. =n
+er!r%(" ns%r( di+Be%ic, din ne#ericire, s(n% %% #e"(" de
!rB"e$e c( +(%B(Ce"e. =n c+C(" +er!r%("(i di+Be%ic de %i! J,
+(%B(Ce"e !(r Ai si$!"( n( e<is%6. Sin/(r(" !rd(c6%r de
+(%B(Ce =n (ni*ers(" c(nsc(%, #ir$+ Pancreas, + #s% =nc)is6. =n
+er!r%(" di+Be%ic de %i! 9, e<is%6 ce*+ +(%B(Ce, d+r e"e n(
"(cre+C6 !re+ Bine.
In +$Be"e c+C(ri c6"6%rii n( +'(n/ nicid+%6 (nde %reB(ie s6
+'(n/6. Sis%e$(" +er!r%("(i es%e d+% !es%e c+! Ai (r$+re+ es%e
)+s(". =n *i+.+ re+"6, +ces% "(cr( cres!(nde (nei creA%eri +
ni*e"("(i C+)6r("(i din s7n/e !7n6 "+ *+"ri !eric("+se. De #+!%,
di+Be%(" es%e di+/ns%ic+% !rin Bser*+re+ ni*e"("(i ridic+% +"
C+)6r("(i din s7n/e s+( + !ierderii> +ces%(i+ !rin (rin6.
C+re s(n% risc(ri"e !e %er$en "(n/ !en%r( s6n6%+%e +"e
%("B(r6rii $e%+B"is$("(i /"(cCei? I+%6 +ici (n reC($+%, "(+%
din%r8(n r+!r% +" Cen%r("(i !en%r( Cn%r" +" B"ii
9
I
COMPLICAII ALE DIABETULUI
)o$l$ de inim&
Risc de 98P ri $+i $+re de deces !rin B+"6 de ini$6. Accident
v$scul$r cerebr$l Risc de 98P ri $+i $+re de + #+ce +cciden%
*+sc("+r cereBr+".
Hi#ertensiune $rteri$l& Pes%e ;:^ din !ers+ne"e c( di+Be% +( )i!er%ensi(ne
+r%eri+"6. Grbire 8 Di+Be%(" es%e c+(C+ !rinci!+"6 + rBirii "+ +d(".i. )oli de
rinichi 8 Di+Be%(" es%e c+(C+ !rinci!+"6 + B"i"r de rinic)i %er$in+"e. Pes%e
J::.::: de di+Be%ici +( #s% s(!(Ai di+"iCei s+( %r+ns!"+n%("(i de rinic)i =n
JOOO. )oli $le sistemului nervos In%re S: Ai ;:^ din%re di+Be%ici s(#er6 de
%("B(r6ri (A+re !7n6 "+ /r+*e +"e sis%e$("(i ner*s. Am#ut$"ii Pes%e S:^
din +$!(%+.ii"e $e$Bre"r s(n% e#ec%(+%e "+ !+cien.i c( di+Be%. )oli dent$re
Drec*en.6 cresc(%6 Ai /r+*6 + B"i"r de /in/ii c+re !% d(ce "+ !ierdere+
din.i"r. Com#lic$"ii n #erio$d$ s$rcinii Susce#tibilit$te crescut& f$"& de
$lte boli /o$rte
Medic+$en%e"e Ai c)ir(r/i+ $dern6 n( #er6 *indec+re
di+Be%ici"r. In ce" $+i B(n c+C, $edic+$en%e"e c(ren%e !er$i%
di+Be%ici"r s6 =Ai $en.in6 (n s%i" de *i+.6 c7% de c7% #(nc.in+",
=ns6 +ces%e $edic+$en%e n( reC"*6 nicidec($ c+(C+ B"ii. Prin
(r$+re, di+Be%icii +( =n+in%e *i+.6 =n%re+/6 =n c+re %reB(ie s6 i+
$edic+$en%e, cee+ ce #+ce din di+Be% B+"6 e<%re$ de
cs%isi%+re. Cs%(" ecn$ic +" di+Be%("(i =n SUAI !es%e JQ:
$i"i+rde ` =n #iec+re +n.
9
T%(Ai e<is%6 s!er+n.6. De #+!%, e<is%6 $+i $("% dec7%
s!er+n.6. 5r+n+ !e c+re $7nc6$ +re in#"(en.6 enr$6 +s(!r+
+ces%ei B"i. O +"i$en%+.ie !%ri*i%6 n( n($+i c6 !re*ine, d+r Ai
%r+%e+C6 di+Be%(". C+re es%e +ce+s%6 die%6 !%ri*i%6>? PrB+Bi" *e.i
/)ici ce *i s!(ne, d+r s6 "6s6$ cerce%6ri"e s6 *rBe+sc6 de "+
sine.
UITE8O, NU EH
C+ $+'ri%+%e+ B"i"r crnice, di+Be%(" es%e !reCen% $+i
$("% =n +n($i%e !6r.i +"e "($ii dec7% =n +"%e"e. Aces%e "(cr( es%e
c(nsc(% de s(%6 de +ni. A( #s% +r/($en%e #+r%e Bine
dc($en%+%e c6 +ce"e !!("+.ii c( r+%e $+i $ici +"e di+Be%("(i +(
+"i$en%+.ie di#eri%6 de !!("+.ii"e c+re +( r+%e $+i ridic+%e +"e
di+Be%("(i. Es%e +ce+s%+ d+r cinciden.6, s+( e *rB+ de
+"%ce*+?
;.JI Di#eri%e die%e Ai r+%+ di+Be%("(i, =n +n(" F+!r<.G JO9Lb
JJJJJI
Di&[.$l + /rKCim. I + c&r[#Yidr&$i
C( +!r+!e A+!%eCeci de +ni =n (r$6, 5.P. 5i$s3r%) +
c$!i"+% %+%e s%(dii"e e<is%en%e =n%r8(n r+!r% c+re c$!+r+
die%e"e Ai r+%+ di+Be%("(i din A+se .6ri. Ti + desc!eri% c6 =n (ne"e
c("%(ri se #"se+( die%e c( +!r% $+re de /r6si$i, i+r =n +"%e"e
die%e c( +!r% $+re de )idr+.i de c+rBn. Aces%e %i!+re de cns($
de /r6si$i *ers(s )idr+.i de c+rBn s(n% re#"ec%+re+ (nr die%e =n
c+re se cns($6 +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 *ers(s +"i$en%e de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6. Gr+#ic(" ;.J #er6 re#erin.e !ri*ind cndi.ii"e
"e/+%e de die%6 Ai B+"6 =n +ces%e .6ri "+ =nce!(%(" sec"("(i UU.
L
D+c6 +!r%(" de )idr+.i de c+rBn creA%e Ai +!r%(" de /r6si$i
sc+de, n($6r(" de decese din c+(C+ di+Be%("(i
sc+de !(%ernic de "+ 9:,P "+ 9,O "+ J::.::: de !ers+ne. 2erdic%("?
O +"i$en%+.ie c( +!r% $+re de )idr+.i de c+rBn, c( +!r% red(s
de /r6si$i 8 +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 8 !+%e +'(%+ "+
!re*enire+ di+Be%("(i.
D(!6 %reiCeci de +ni, !rB"e$+ + #s% ree<+$i+n%6. D(!6 ce
+( #s% e<+$in+%e !+%r( .6ri din s(d8es%(" Asiei Ai A$eric+ de S(d,
cerce%6%rii +( desc!eri% din n( c6 die%e"e c( +!r% ridic+% de
)idr+.i de c+rBn er+( cre"+%e c( inciden.e red(se +"e di+Be%("(i.
Cerce%6%rii +( re$+rc+% c6 Ur(/(+y, .+r+ c( ce+ $+i $+re
inciden.6 + di+Be%("(i, +*e+ +"i$en%+.ie c+re er+ %i!ic [*es%ic6[,
#iind B/+%6 =n c+"rii, !r%eine +ni$+"e, Ai /r6si$i c%%+"ed
inc"(si* /r6si$i de ri/ine +ni$+"6.> 6ri"e c( inciden.6 sc6C(%6 +
di+Be%("(i #"se+( die%6 c+re cns%+ =n re"+%i* !(.ine !r%eine
F=n s!eci+" !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6G, /r6si$i %%+"e Ai /r6si$i
de ri/ine +ni$+"6. O $+re !r!r.ie + c+"rii"r !r*ene+ din
)idr+.i de c+rBn, =n s!eci+" din reC.>
S
Acei+Ai cerce%6%ri +( e<%ins +ces% s%(di( "+ (ns!reCece .6ri
din A$eric+ Cen%r+"6 Ai de S(d, Ai Asi+. Ce+ $+i !(%ernic6
+sciere !e c+re +( desc!eri%8 c( di+Be%(" + #s% e<ces("
!nder+".
;
P!("+.ii"e c+re in/er+( ce" $+i *es%ic> %i! de
+"i$en%+.ie +*e+( de +se$ene+ ce"e $+i =n+"%e ni*e"(ri +"e
c"es%er"("(i c+re, "+ r7nd(" s6(, + #s% !(%ernic cre"+% c(
#rec*en.+ di+Be%("(i.
;
=nce!e s6 *6 !+r6 c(nsc(%?
KN CAD*UL UN=I
SIN:U*= (G(ULAJII
Aces%e s%(dii $+i *ec)i, %r+ns8c("%(r+"e, !% #i +rec($
Br(%e, Ai +r d(ce "+ cnc"(Cii c+re n( +r #i =n %%+"i%+%e de$ne de
=ncredere. P+%e di#eren.+ =n ce !ri*eA%e r+%+ di+Be%("(i =n s%(dii"e
de $+i s(s n( se d+%re+C6 die%ei, ci $A%enirii /ene%ice. P+%e c6
+".i #+c%ri ne+n+"iC+.i, c($ +r #i +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6, +r #i $+i
re"e*+n.i. Un %es% $+i B(n +r #i (n s%(di( +" r+%ei di+Be%("(i =n
c+dr(" (nei sin/(re !!("+.ii.
P!("+.i+ +d*en%is%6 de Ci(+ + A+!%e+ cns%i%(ie (n B(n
e<e$!"(. Ei cns%i%(ie (n /r(! in%eres+n% de +$eni de s%(di+%
d+%ri%6 Bicei(ri"r "r +"i$en%+reI re"i/i+ "r =i
=nc(r+'e+C6 s6 e*i%e cns($(" de c+rne, !eA%e, (6, c+#e+, +"c" Ai
%(%(n. C+ (r$+re, '($6%+%e din%re ei s(n% *e/e%+rieni. =ns6 O:^
din%re *e/e%+rieni cns($6 =nc6 !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai0s+( (6, deci
c+n%i%+%e se$ni#ic+%i*6 din c+"rii"e "r !r*in din s(rse +ni$+"e.
TreB(ie re$+rc+% de +se$ene+ c6 +d*en%iA%ii c+re cns($6 c+rne,
n( cns($6 !re+ $("%6. Ei cns($6 c+$ %rei !r.ii de c+rne de
*i%6 !e s6!%6$7n6 Ai $+i !(.in de !r.ie de !eA%e Ai !+s6re !e
s6!%6$7n6.
R
E( c(nsc $(".i$e de +$eni c+re cns($6
c+n%i%+%e+ +ce+s%+ de c+rne Finc"(si* !eA%e Ai !+s6reG "+ #iec+re
d(6 Ci"e.
In s%(dii"e +"i$en%+re !ri*i%+re "+ +d*en%iA%ii de Ci(+ +
A+!%e+, +$enii de A%iin.6 =i c$!+r6 !e *e/e%+rienii $der+.i> c(
cei ce cns($6 c+rne $der+%>. N( es%e di#eren.6 $+re. :otu%i,
adventi%tii vegetarieni sunt mult mai s'n'to%i dec&t semenii lor
care consum' carne.
J
$cei adventi%ti care s!au # lipsit, de carne s!
au # lipsit, %i de ravagiile dia*etului, (n compara)ie cu cei ce
consum' carne, vegetarienii aveau cam Cum'tate din rata
dia*etului. 'L Ei +*e+(, de +se$ene+, +!r+!e '($6%+%e din r+%+
BeCi%6.ii.
R
=n%r8(n +"% s%(di(, cerce%6%rii +( e*+"(+% die%e"e Ai di+Be%(" "+
!!("+.ie de +$eric+ni de ri/ine '+!neC6 din s%+%("
4+s)in/%n.
J:
AceA%i +$eni er+( #iii i$i/r+n.i"r '+!neCi =n
SUA. De$n de re$+rc+% es%e c6 ei +*e+( de !+%r( ri $+i $("%
di+Be% dec7% $edi+ desc!eri%6 "+ B6rB+.ii de *7rs%6 si$i"+r6 c+re
%r6i+( =n ,+!ni+. AA+d+r, ce s8+ =n%7$!"+% =n%re %i$!?
Pen%r( +$eric+nii de ri/ine '+!neC6, cei c+re #6ce+( di+Be%
er+( cns($+%rii ce"r $+i $+ri c+n%i%6.i de !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6, /r6si$i de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai c"es%er" din +"i$en%e,
#iec+re din%re +ces%e+ /6sind(8se e*iden%, =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6.
J:
A!r%(" %%+" de /r6si$i er+ de +se$ene+ $+i $+re "+
di+Be%ici. Aces%e c+r+c%eris%ici +"i$en%+re se re#"ec%+( Ai =n e<ces("
!nder+". A$eric+nii de ri/ine '+!neC6, din + d(+ /ener+.ie,
#"se+( +"i$en%+.ie c( $+i $("%6 c+rne Ai $+i !(.ine +"i$en%e
de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 dec7% B6rB+.ii n6sc(.i =n ,+!ni+. Cerce%6%rii
+( cnse$n+%I D(!6 c7% se !+re, Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re +"e
B6rB+.i"r '+!neCi c+re %r6iesc =n
S%+%e"e Uni%e se+$6n6 $+i $("% c( s%i"(" de + $7nc+ +"
+$eric+ni"r dec7% c( +" '+!neCi"r>. Cnsecin.+I inciden.+
di+Be%("(i de !+%r( ri $+i $+re.
J:
I+%6 +"%e c7%e*+ s%(diiI
Cerce%6%rii +( desc!eri% c6 +!r%(" cresc(% de /r6si$i + #s%
+sci+% c( r+%6 cresc(%6 + di+Be%("(i de %i! 9, $ c+dr(" (n(i
s%(di( e#ec%(+% !e JQ:: de +$eni din Cn+ *6ii S+n L(is, s%+r("
+$eric+n C"r+d. Ei +( +#ir$+%I Desc!eriri"e s(s.in i!%eC+ c6
die%e"e c( +!r% cresc(% de /r6si$i Ai +!r% red(s de )idr+.i de
c+rBn s(n% +sci+%e c( !reCen.+ di+Be%("(i neins("in8de!enden%
c%i! 9d "+ +$eni.>
JJ
] In ("%i$ii 9L de +ni, r+%+ c!ii"r c+re #+c di+Be% de %i! 9, +
cresc(% $+i $("% dec7% %ri!"(. Cerce%6%rii Bser*6 c6 in/es%i+ de
!r%eine +ni$+"e Ai /r6si$i +ni$+"e + cresc(% dr+s%ic =n ("%i$ii
cinciCeci de +ni. Ei s!(n c6 +ce+s%6 $di#ic+re + +"i$en%+.iei, !e
"7n/6 %% $+i !(.in6 $iAc+re #iCic6, !+%e #i incri$in+%6 =n
e<!"Ci+ di+Be%("(i.>
] In An/"i+ Ai +r+ G+"i"r r+%+ di+Be%("(i + sc6C(% !(%ernic =n%re
JOP: Ai JOL:, =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e =n %i$!(" ce"(i de+" II8"e+
r6CBi $ndi+" c7nd %i!+re"e +"i$en%+re s8+( sc)i$B+% !(%ernic. =n
%i$!(" r6CBi("(i, Ai i$edi+% d(!6 +cee+, +!r%(" de #iBre Ai cere+"e
+ cresc(%, i+r +!r%(" de /r6si$i + sc6C(%. O+$enii $7nc+( $+i
!(.ine> +"i$en%e BiAn(i%e !en%r( c6 er+ dec"+nA+%6 s%+re de
necesi%+%e n+.in+"6. T%(Ai, !rin JOL:, +$enii +( ren(n.+% "+
+"i$en%+.i+ !e B+C6 de cere+"e Ai +( re=nce!(% s6 $6n7nce $+i
$("%e /r6si$i, $+i $("% C+)6r Ai $+i !(.ine #iBre. D6r6 =ndi+"6 c6
Ai r+%+ di+Be%("(i + =nce!(% s6 (rce.
JQ
] Cerce%6%rii +( s%(di+% QS::: de #e$ei din s%+%(" +$eric+n
"3+, %i$! de A+se +ni. Nici (n+ n( +*e+ di+Be% "+ =nce!(%("
+ces%(i s%(di(, d+r =n dec(rs(" +ces%r A+se +ni s8+( deC*"%+% $+i
$("% de JJ:: de c+C(ri de di+Be%. De$ei"e c( ce+ $+i $ic6
!rB+Bi"i%+%e de + #+ce di+Be% er+( ce"e c+re cns($+( ce"e $+i
$("%e cere+"e in%e/r+"e Ai #iBre
JP
8 ce"e +"e
c6rr die%e cn.ine+( cei $+i $(".i )idr+.i de c+rBn Fdin cei
c$!"ecAi c+re se /6sesc =n +"i$en%e"e in%e/r+"eG.
Die c6 es%e *rB+ de +cee+Ai !!("+.ie s+( !!("+.ii di#eri%e,
%+%e +ces%e desc!eriri s(s.in idee+ c6 +"i$en%e"e c( cn.in(%
ridic+% =n #iBre, =n %%+"i%+%e *e/e%+riene c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e,
!r%e'e+C6 =$!%ri*+ di+Be%("(i, =n %i$! ce +"i$en%e"e B/+%e =n
/r6si$i, c( $("%e !r%eine, de ri/ine +ni$+"6, !r$*e+C6
di+Be%(".
T*ATOND INCU*A)ILUL
T+%e cerce%6ri"e ci%+%e $+i s(s se B+Ce+C6 !e o*serva)ii, i+r
+sciere Bser*+%6, c)i+r d+c6 es%e *6C(%6 #rec*en%, +r !(%e+ #i
d+r +sciere +cciden%+"6 c+re $+sc)e+C6 re"+.i+ re+"6 c+(C68
e#ec% din%re $edi( Finc"(si* die%+G Ai B+"6. E<is%6 %%(Ai Ai s%(dii
#6c(%e !e +n($i%e !ers+ne .in(%e s(B cn%r"> +s(!r+ c6rr+ s8+
in%er*eni% di*ers. Ace+s%+ i$!"ic6 sc)i$B+re+ die%ei !ers+ne"r
c+re +( de'+ %+%e $+ni#es%6ri"e de di+Be% %i! J s+( di+Be% %i! 9, s+(
!reCin%6 si$!%$e $der+%e de di+Be% F%"er+n.6 red(s6 "+
/"(cC+G.
,+$es Andersn, dc%r =n $edicin6, es%e (n(" din cei $+i
re$+rc+Bi"i cerce%6%ri c+re s%(di+C6 =n !reCen% +"i$en%+.i+ Ai
di+Be%(", c+re + B.in(% reC("%+%e (i$i%+re d+r !rin #"sire+
$i'"+ce"r die%e%ice. Un(" din s%(dii"e s+"e + e<+$in+% e#ec%e"e
(nei +"i$en%+.ii B/+%e =n #iBre, B/+%e =n )idr+.i de c+rBn Ai c(
!(.ine /r6si$i, +s(!r+ + 9L de di+Be%ici c( di+Be% de %i! J Ai +s(!r+
+"%r 9L de di+Be%ici c( di+Be% de %i! 9 in%ern+.i $ s!i%+".
JL
Nici
(n(" din +ceA%i L: de !+cien.i +i s6i n( er+ s(!r+!nder+", =n %i$!
ce %.i =Ai #6ce+( in'ec.ii c( ins("in+ !en%r( +8Ai cn%r"+ ni*e"("
C+)6r("(i din s7n/e.
Die%+ s+ e<!eri$en%+"6 + cns%+% =n !rinci!+" din +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 Ai d+r #e"ie s+( d(6 de c+rne rece
!e Ci. E" Ai8+ s(!(s !+cien.ii %i$! de s6!%6$7n6 die%ei +$eric+ne
%i!ice, rec$+nd+%6 de c6%re Asci+.i+ A$eric+n6 + Di+Be%("(i,
d(!6 c+re i8+ %rec(% "+ die%+ e<!eri$en%+"6 *e/e%+ri+n6> %i$! de
%rei s6!%6$7ni.
Le8+ $6s(r+% C+)6r(" din s7n/e, c"es%er"(", i8+ c7n%6ri% Ai +
e*+"(+% neces+r(" de $edic+.ie. ReC("%+%e"e +( #s% i$!resin+n%e.
L+ di+Be%icii de %i!(" J, ins("in+ n( se !+%e !rd(ce. Es%e
di#ici" de i$+/in+% *re sc)i$B+re +"i$en%+r6 c+re s6 !+%6 #i de
#"s si%(+.iei "r c$!"ic+%e. =ns6 dup' doar trei s'pt'm&ni,
pacien)ii cu dia*et de tip > au fost (n stare s' (%i reduc' medicatia
de insulina (n medie cu R56T -ivelul /ah'rului lor din s&nge s!a
(m*un't')it foarte mult. 7i, la fel de important, colesterolul lor a
sc'/ut cu M56 E N( (i%+.i c6 (n(" din !eric"e"e de + #i di+Be%ic
cns%6 =n cnsecin.e"e sec(nd+re, B+"+ de ini$6 Ai +cciden%("
*+sc("+r cereBr+". Red(cere+ #+c%ri"r de risc !en%r( +ces%e
cnsecin.e sec(nd+re, !rin =$B(n6%6.ire+ ni*e"("(i c"es%er"("(i,
es%e +!r+!e "+ #e" de i$!r%+n%6 c+ Ai red(cere+ ni*e"("(i
C+)6r("(i din s7n/e.
Di+Be%(" de %i! 9, s!re deseBire de ce" de %i! J, es%e $+i
(Ar de %r+%+%> de+rece !+ncre+s(" "r n( es%e +%7% de /r+* +#ec%+%.
AA+ c6 +%(nci c7nd !+cien.ii c( di+Be% de %i! 9 +i "(i Andersn s8+(
+"i$en%+% c( die%+ B/+%6 =n #iBre Ai c( +!r% red(s de /r6si$i,
reC("%+%e"e +( #s% c)i+r $+i i$!resin+n%e. Din%re cei d(6Ceci Ai
cinci de !+cien.i c( di+Be% de %i! 9, d(6Ceci Ai !+%r( +( !(%(% s6
=n%rer(!6 +d$inis%r+re+ de ins("in+H D+.i8$i *ie s6 s!(n din
n(. :o)i, cu e0cep)ia unei singure persoane, au putut s'
(ntrerup' medicatia cu insulina (n decurs de doar c&teva
s'pt'm&niTO
Un B6rB+% s(#ere+ de di+Be% de d(6Ceci Ai (n( de +ni Ai =Ai
+d$inis%r+ 9L de (ni%6.i de ins("in+ !e Ci. D(!6 %rei s6!%6$7ni de
%r+%+$en% die%e%ic in%ensi*, dC+ "(i de ins("in+ + sc6C(% *er%i/ins
"+ !% (ni%6.i !e Ci. D(!6 !% s6!%6$7ni "+ d$ici"i(, n( + $+i #s%
ne*ie s6 =Ai #+c6 in'ec.ii c( ins("in+.
JL
Gr+#ic(" ;.9 !reCin%6 (n
eA+n%in de !+cien.i Ai #e"(" c($ die%+ *e/e%+ri+n6 "e8+ sc6C(%
neces+r(" de ins("in+. Es%e (n e#ec% e<%r+rdin+r.
Gr+#ic(" ;.9I R6s!(ns(" "+ die%6 +" dCei de ins("in+.
=n%r8(n +"% s%(di( !e JP !+cien.i di+Be%ici s"+Bi, Andersn + desc!eri% c6 d+r
c( die%+ se !+%e red(ce ni*e"(i c"es%er"("(i %%+" c( Q9 ^ =n doar dou' s'pt'm&niO
C7%e*+ reC("%+%e s(n% !reCen%+%e =n /r+#ic(" ;,Q.
:r$ficul 39H; Colesterolul s$n%uin n diet$ cu $#ort crescut de
hidr$"i de c$rbon !i de fibre9
Control
Diet bogata n carbohidrai i n !ibre " # $%
&acieni ti' $
Cole(terol
Diet bogat n carbohidrai i n !ibre
9-8
Aces%e Bene#icii, re!reCen%7nd sc6dere + c"es%er"("(i
s+n/(in de "+ 9:S $/0 dL "+ JPJ $/0dL, s(n% ("(i%+re +*7nd =n
*edere =n s!eci+" *i%eC+ c( c+re +!+r. Dr. Andersn + desc!eri%, de
+se$ene+, c6 n( e<is%6 d*eCi cn#r$ c6rr+ +ce+s%6 sc6dere +
c"es%er"("(i +r #i #s% d+r %e$!r+r6, +%7%+ %i$! c7% !ers+ne"e =n
c+(C6 +( cn%in(+% die%+ res!ec%i*6W reC("%+%e"e s8+( $en.in(% %i$!
de !+%r( +ni.>
Un +"% /r(! de +$eni de A%iin.6 de "+ Cen%r(" Pri%i@in +(
B.in(% reC("%+%e "+ #e" de s!ec%+c("+se !rescriind die%6
*e/e%+ri+n6, c( +!r% red(s de /r6si$i Ai $iAc+re #iCic6, (n(i /r(!
de !+cien.i. Din R5 de pacien)i cu medicatie la (nceputul
programului, MR au putut s' (%i (ntrerup' medicatia dup' doar 4J
de /ile.
>J
Aces% /r(! de cerce%+re + de$ns%r+% de +se$ene+ c6
Bene#icii"e (nei die%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 d(re+C6 +ni de Ci"e, +%7%
%i$! c7% +cee+Ai die%6 es%e cn%in(+%6.>
Aces%e+ s(n% e<e$!"e +"e (nr cerce%6ri e<%r+rdin+re, =ns6
e"e re!reCin%6 d+r !+r%e+ de "+ s(!r+#+.6 + n($er+se"r cerce%6ri
c+re +( #s% e#ec%(+%e $ +ce+s%6 direc.ie. Un re#er+% A%iin.i#ic +
+n+"iC+% n(6 s%(dii !(B"ic+%e c+re ci%e+C6 #"sire+ die%e"r c(
+!r% ridic+% de )idr+.i de c+rBn Ai +!r% ridic+% de #iBre, Ai +"%e
d(6 c( die%e c( +!r% s%+nd+rd de )idr+.i de c+rBn Ai +!r% ridic+%
de #iBre, !en%r( %r+%+re+ (nr !+cien.i c( di+Be%.
9:
In (r$+ %(%(rr
ce"r JJ s%(dii, reC("%+%e"e +( #s% ni*e"(ri =$B(n6%6.i%e +"e
C+)6r("(i din s7n/e Ai +"e c"es%er"("(i. FA!r!, s(!"i$en%e"e c(
#iBre +"i$en%+re, deAi Bene#ice, n( +( +*(% +ce"e+Ai e#ec%e
cnsis%en%e !rec($ %recere+ "+ die%6 in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6G.
9J
(=*SIST=NJA G)IC=IULUI
AA+ c($ !(%e.i *ede+ din +ces%e desc!eriri, !(%e$ =n*in/e
di+Be%(". D(6 s%(dii recen%e +( +*(% =n *edere =$Bin+re =n%re
e#ec%e"e die%ei Ai +"e $iAc6rii #iCice +s(!r+ +ces%ei B"i.
99
>
9Q
Un("
din%re s%(dii + =$!6r.i% Q9QP de !ers+ne nedi+Be%ice c( risc de
di+Be% FC+)6r s+n/(in $+reG $ %rei /r(!(ri di#eri%e.
99
Un /r(!,
/r(!(" de cn%r", + !ri$i% die%+ s%+nd+rd Ai (n $edic+$en%
!"+ceB F#6r6 e#ec%G, +"%(" + !ri$i% die%+ s%+nd+rd Ai $edic+$en%("
$e%#r$in, Ai
(n +" %rei"e+ /r(! + #s% s(!(s (n(i %r+%+$en% in%ensi*> de
in%er*en.ie +s(!r+ s%i"("(i de *i+.6, c+re + c(!rins die%6 c( +!r%
red(s de /r6si$i Ai (n !"+n de e<erci.ii #iCice !en%r( + !ierde ce"
!(.in ;^ din /re(%+%e+ cr!r+"6. D(!6 +!r+!e %rei +ni, /r(!(" c(
in%er*en.i+ +s(!r+ s%i"("(i de *i+.6 + +*(% c( LR^ $+i !(.ine
c+C(ri de di+Be% dec7% /r(!(" de cn%r". Gr(!(" c( $edic+.ie Ai8+
red(s n($6r(" de c+C(ri c( d+r QJ ^. =n c$!+r+.ie c( /r(!(" de
cn%r", +$Be"e %r+%+$en%e +( +*(% e#ec%, =ns6 =n $d c"+r
sc)i$B+re + s%i"("(i de *i+.6 es%e $+i !(%ernic6 Ai $+i si/(r6 dec7%
"(+re+ (n(i $edic+$en%. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, sc)i$B+re+ s%i"("(i
de *i+.6 *+ #i e#icien%6 =n + reC"*+ Ai +"%e !rB"e$e de s6n6%+%e, =n
%i$! ce $edic+$en%e"e n( !% re+"iC+ +ces% "(cr(.
Ce" de8+" di"e+ s%(di( + desc!eri%, de +se$ene+, c6 r+%+
di+Be%("(i !+%e #i red(s6 c( LR^ d+r !rin $des%e sc)i$B6ri =n
s%i"(" de *i+.6, c+re c(!rind $iAc+re #iCic6, sc6dere =n /re(%+%e Ai
die%6 c( +!r% $der+% de /r6si$i.
9Q
I$+/in+.i8*6 ce s8+r =n%7$!"+
d+c6 +$enii +r +d!%+ !e de!"in die%+ ce+ $+i s6n6%+s6I die%6
in%e/r+" *e/e%+ri+n6. E( cred c( %6rie c6 =n re+"i%+%e %+%e c+C(ri"e
de di+Be% de %i! 9 +r !(%e+ #i !re*eni%e.
Din ne#ericire, in#r$+.ii"e /reAi%e Ai Bicei(ri"e +d7nc
=nr6d6cin+%e !r*+c6 deC+s%r( $ s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6. OBicei(ri"e
n+s%re de + $7nc+ )%8d/, )+$B(r/eri Ai c+r%#i !r6'i.i ne (cid.
C)i+r Ai dr. ,+$es Andersn, c+re + B.in(% reC("%+%e deseBi%e c(
$(".i !+cien.i c6rr+ "e8+ !rescris die%6 +!r+!e *e/e%+ri+n6, n(
es%e i$(n "+ s#+%(ri"e de s6n6%+%e BiAn(i%e. E" scrieI =n $d ide+",
die%e"e c+re #(rniCe+C6 ;:^ din c+"rii s(B #r$6 de )idr+.i de
c+rBn Ai !7n6 "+ ;: / #iBre Ci"nic #er6 ce"e $+i $+ri Bene#icii
!en%r( !ers+ne"e c( di+Be%. T%(Ai, +ces%e die%e !er$i% d+r (n+
s+( d(6 B(c6.e"e $ici de c+rne !e Ci Ai s(n% ne!r+c%ice !en%r(
$(".i>.
9:
De ce s!(ne !r#esr(" Andersn, de +"%#e" (n cerce%6%r
e<ce!.in+", c6 +se$ene+ die%6 es%e ne!r+c%ic6>, cre7nd
!re'(dec6.i =n $in%e+ +sc("%6%ri"r s6i c)i+r =n+in%e c+ +ceA%i+ s6 i+
=n cnsider+re d*eCi"e?
D+, s8+r !(%e+ c+ sc)i$B+re+ s%i"("(i de *i+.6 s6 *i se !+r6
ne!r+c%ic6. P+%e s6 !+r6 ne!r+c%ic + ren(n.+ "+ c+rne Ai "+
+"i$en%e"e c( cn.in(% ridic+% =n /r6si$i, d+r e( $6 =n%reB c7% de
!r+c%ic es%e s6 c7n%6reA%i J;L de @i"/r+$e Ai s6 +i di+Be% de %i! 9
"+ *7rs%+ de JL +ni, c+ in c+C(" #e%ei $en.in+%e "+ =nce!(%("
+ces%(i c+!i%". M6 =n%reB c7% de !r+c%ic es%e + %e +#"+ %+%6 *i+.+
=n%r8 s%+re c+re n( !+%e #i %r+%+%6 nici !rin $edic+$en%e, nici !rin
in%er*en.ii c)ir(r/ic+"eW s%+re c+re d(ce +dese+ "+ B"i de ini$6,
+cciden% *+sc("+r cereBr+", rBire s+( +$!(%+.iiW s%+re c+re +r
!(%e+ necesi%+ in'ec%+re+ ins("inei !en%r( %% res%(" *ie.ii.
Sc)i$B+re+ r+dic+"6 + +"i$en%+.iei +r !(%e+ #i ne!r+c%ic6>,
d+r s8+r !(%e+ s6 $eri%e.
4
CANCERE DREC2ENT YNTZLNITE
SON 8 (*GSTATL 5 INT=STIN :*GS
0CGLGN .I *=CT8
O $+re !+r%e din c+rier+ $e+ + #s% dedic+%6 s%(dierii
c+ncer("(i. Ac%i*i%+%e+ $e+ de "+Br+%r s8+ cncen%r+% +s(!r+ $+i
$("%r c+ncere, inc"(si* ce"e de #ic+%, s7n Ai !+ncre+s, i+r c7%e*+
din ce"e $+i i$!resin+n%e d+%e din C)in+ +( #s% "e/+%e de c+ncer.
Pen%r( +ce+s%6 +c%i*i%+%e de *i+.6, Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n !en%r(
S%(di(" C+ncer("(i $i8+ #eri% c( /enerCi%+%e Premiul pentru
Reali/'ri deose*ite (n <ercetare =n +n(" JOOR.
Un n($6r #+r%e $+re de c6r.i +( !reCen%+% d*eCi c( !ri*ire
"+ e#ec%e"e n(%ri.iei +s(!r+ $("%r #r$e de c+ncer, #iec+re c(
!+r%ic("+ri%6.i"e !r!rii, =ns6 desc!erire+ $e+ cns%6 =n #+!%(" c6
e#ec%e"e +"i$en%+.iei +s(!r+ c+ncere"r !e c+re "e8+$ s%(di+% s(n%
de #+!% +ce"e+Ai !en%r( %+%e c+ncere"e, indi#eren% de #+c%rii c+re
"e8+( dec"+nA+% s+( de "c+"iC6ri"e "r di#eri%e din r/+nis$.
D"sind +ces% !rinci!i(, =$i !% "i$i%+ !reCen%+re+ "+ %rei c+ncere,
cee+ ce =$i *+ !er$i%e s6 #"sesc res%(" s!+.i("(i din +ce+s%6 c+r%e
!en%r( + $6 re#eri Ai "+ +"%e B"i, !e "7n/6 c+ncer, de$ns%r7nd c7%
de $("%e s(n% d*eCi"e "e/+%e de i$!+c%(" +"i$en%+.iei +s(!r+
s6n6%6.ii =n di#eri%e"e ei +s!ec%e.
A$ +"es s6 $6 re#er "+ %rei c+ncere c+re +#ec%e+C6 s(%e de $ii
de +$eric+ni Ai c+re re!reCin%6 =n /ener+" Ai +"%e c+ncereI d(6
c+ncere "e/+%e de +!+r+%(" de re!rd(cere, c+re s(n% $("% s%(di+%e,
c+ncer(" de s7n Ai ce" de !rs%+%6, Ai (n c+ncer de %(B di/es%i*,
c+ncer(" in%es%in("(i /rs 8 + d(+ c+(C6 de deces !rin c+ncer d(!6
c+ncer(" de !"6$7ni.
CANC=*UL D= SON
Er+ !ri$6*+r+, c( +!r+!e Cece +ni =n (r$6. M6 +#"+$ =n
Bir(" $e( "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i c7nd $i s8+ s!(s c6 "+ ce"6"+"%
c+!6% +" #ir("(i %e"e#nic +A%e+!%6 d+$n6 c+re +re =n%reB+re c(
!ri*ire I+ c+ncer(" de s7n.
In #+$i"i+ $e+ +( #s% $("%e c+C(ri de c+ncer de s7n>, + s!(s
+ce+s%6 #e$eie, !e n($e Be%%y. A%7% $+$+ c7% Ai B(nic+ $e+ +(
$(ri% din c+(C+ +ces%ei B"i Ai +c($ sr+ $e+ $+i $+re, =n *7rs%6
de PL de +ni, + #s% di+/ns%ic+%6 c( +cee+Ai B+"6. A*7nd =n *edere
is%ri+ B"ii din #+$i"i+ $e+, n( !% dec7% s6 =$i #+c /ri'i !en%r(
#iic+ $e+ =n *7rs%6 de n(6 +ni. C(r7nd *+ +*e+ Ai e+ $ens%r(+.ie Ai
s(n% =n/ri'r+%6 c( !ri*ire "+ risc(" de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n>. Se
!(%e+ si$.i %e+$+ =n *ce+ ei. A$ *6C(% $(".i$e de s%(dii c+re
+r+%6 c6 +n%eceden%e"e #+$i"i+"e s(n% i$!r%+n%e, Ai $i8e %e+$6 c6
es%e ine*i%+Bi" c+ #iic+ $e+ s6 se =$B"n6*e+sc6 de c+ncer de s7n.
Un+ din !.i(ni"e "+ c+re $8+$ /7ndi% + #s% de + #+ce $+s%ec%$ie
#iice $e"e, !en%r( +8i e<%ir!+ +$Bii s7ni. A*e.i *re(n s#+%?>
Ace+s%6 #e$eie er+ =n%r8 si%(+.ie e<%re$ de di#ici"6. S8 "+se
!e #iic+ ei s6 cre+sc6 =ndre!%7nd(8se s!re /)e+r+ $r.ii, s+( s6
cre+sc6 #6r6 s7ni? DeAi re!reCin%6 si%(+.ie e<%re$6, =n%reB+re+
+ce+s%+ es%e re!reCen%+%i*6 !en%r( n($er+se"e =n%reB6ri si$i"+re c(
c+re se cn#r(n%6 Ci de Ci $ii de #e$ei de !re%(%indeni din "($e.
Aces%e =n%reB6ri +( #s% =nc(r+'+%e =n s!eci+" de !ri$e"e
r+!+r%e c( !ri*ire "+ desc!erire+ /enei c+ncer("(i de s7n, BRCA8
J. Ar%ic"e de !ri$6 !+/in6 din -e UorH :imes Ai +"%e Ci+re Ai
re*is%e +( %r7$Bi.+% +ce+s%6 desc!erire c+ #iind (n enr$ !+s
=n+in%e. T6r6Bi(" "e/+% de BRCA8J, c+re inc"(de +c($ Ai BRCA8
9, + =n%6ri% idee+ c6 +ce+s%6 B+"6, c+ncer(" de s7n, es%e d+%r+%6
(nei ne#erici%e $A%eniri /ene%ice. Aces% "(cr( + s%7rni% $("%e
%e$eri !rin%re !ers+ne"e c( +n%eceden%e #+$i"i+"e c( c+ncer de
s7n. A /ener+% de +se$ene+ #r6$7n%+re =n r7nd(" +$eni"r de
A%iin.6 Ai =n c$!+nii"e #+r$+ce(%ice. Se s!er+ c+ ni %e)n"/ii s6
!+%6 #i =n s%+re s6 e*+"(eCe risc(" #e$ei"r de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n
!rin e#ec%(+re+ (nr %es%e /ene%iceW ei s!er+( s6 #ie =n s%+re s6
$+ni!("eCe +ce+s%6 n(6 /en6 =n%r8(n $d c+re +*e+ s6 !re*in6 s+(
s6 %r+%eCe c+ncer(" de s7n. ,(rn+"iA%ii +( =nce!(% s6 %r+d(c6 #r7n%(ri
se"ec%i*e din +ces%e in#r$+.ii !en%r( !(B"ic, +ccen%(7nd !(%ernic
+cee+Ai +%i%(dine #+%+"is%6 "e/+%6 de $A%enire+ /eneric6. Nici n( e
de $ir+re c6 +s%#e" de s%+re de "(cr(ri + cn%riB(i% "+ =n/ri'r+re+
(nr $+$e, c($ er+ c+C(" "(i Be%%y.
Ei Bine, d+.i8$i *ie s6 *6 s!(n $+i =n%7i c6 e( n( s(n%
$edic>, +$ s!(s e(. E( n( *6 !% +'(%+ c( (n di+/ns%ic s+( c( (n
s#+% =n !ri*in.+ %r+%+$en%("(i. Ace+s%+ e %re+B+ $edic("(i
d($ne+*+s%r6. =ns6 !% s6 *6 *rBesc =n /ener+" des!re cerce%6ri"e
c+re se #+c =n !reCen%, d+c6 sc%i.i c6 +ce+s%+ *6 !+%e #i de folos,
D+,> + s!(s e6, +s%+ Ai *re+(>. I8+$ *rBi% (n !ic des!re
Studiul <hina Ai des!re r"(" i$!r%+n% !e c+re =" +re +"i$en%+.i+. I8
+$ e<!"ic+% c6, d+r !en%r( #+!%(" c6 !ers+n6 +re /en+ !en%r(
B+"6, +ce+s%+ n( =nse+$n6 c6 !ers+n+ res!ec%i*6 es%e sr%i%6 +
#+ce c+ncerI s%(dii re$+rc+Bi"e +( d*edi% c6 d+r !en%r( (n #+r%e
$ic n($6r de c+ncere !% #i =n*in(i%e /ene"e.
A$ #s% s(r!rins s6 desc!6r c7% de !(.ine "(cr(ri A%i+ e+
des!re n(%ri.ie. E+ crede+ c6 $A%enire+ /ene%ic6 er+ sin/(r("
#+c%r c+re de%er$in+ risc(". N( Ai8+ d+% se+$+ c6 Ai +"i$en%+.i+ er+
(n #+c%r i$!r%+n% !en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n.
A$ disc(%+% %i$! de 9:8Q: de $in(%e, (n %i$! !re+ sc(r%
!en%r( c)es%i(ne +%7% de i$!r%+n%6. L+ s#7rAi%(" cn*ers+.iei, +$
+*(% si$.6$7n%(" c6 n( er+ $(".($i%6 c( cee+ ce i8+$ s!(s e(.
P+%e din c+(C+ $d("(i $e( $+i cnser*+%r de + *rBi, $+i
A%iin.i#ic, s+( din c+(C6 c6 n( i8+$ #6c(% rec$+nd+re. P+%e, $6
/7nde+$ e(, de'+ s8+ )%6r7% s6 #+c6 !rced(r+ res!ec%i*6.
Mi8+ $(".($i% !en%r( %i$!(" +crd+% Ai i8+$ (r+% de Bine. M6
/7nde+$ "+ #+!%(" c6 din $("%e"e =n%reB6ri !e c+re "e !ri$ise$ de "+
+$eni c( !ri*ire "+ +n($i%e si%(+.ii s!eci#ice "e/+%e de s6n6%+%e,
+ce+s%+ + #s% (n+ din ce"e $+i neBiAn(i%e.
D+r Be%%y n( er+ sin/(r+. A $+i #s% #e$eie c+re $i8+
*rBi% des!re !siBi"i%+%e+ de +8Ai s(!(ne #iic+ (nei !er+.ii
c)ir(r/ic+"e !en%r( =nde!6r%+re+ +$Bi"r s7ni. A"%e #e$ei c+re
+*e+( de'+ (n(" din s7ni e<%ir!+% se =n%reB+( d+c6 n( er+ $+i Bine
c+ s68J =nde!6r%eCe Ai !e +" di"e+, c+ $6s(r6 !re*en%i*6.
Es%e c"+r c6 +ce+s%6 #r$6 de c+ncer, c+ncer(" de s7n,
re!reCin%6 !rec(!+re i$!r%+n%6 !en%r( scie%+%e+ n+s%r6. Un+
din !% #e$ei +$eric+ne s(n% di+/ns%ic+%e c( +ce+s%6 B+"6 !e
!+rc(rs(" *ie.ii "r 8 (n+ din ce"e $+i $+ri r+%e din "($e.
Or/+niC+.ii"e c+re in*es%i/)e+C6 c+ncer(" de s7n s(n% #+r%e
r6s!7ndi%e, s(n% !(%ernice, re"+%i* Bine #in+n.+%e Ai e<ce!.in+" de
+c%i*e =n c$!+r+.ie c( +"%e r/+niC+.ii ce +c%i*e+C6 =n d$eni("
s6n6%6.ii. Ace+s%6 B+"6, !+%e $+i $("% dec7% ric+re +"%+, s%7rneA%e
!+nic6 Ai %e+$6 in s(#"e%(" $("%r #e$ei.
G7ndind(8$6 +c($ =n (r$6 "+ cn*rBire+ !e c+re +$ +*(%8
c( Be%%y, cred c6 %reB(i+ s6 =i *rBesc $+i +!6s+% des!re r"(" !e
c+re =" '+c6 n(%ri.i+ =n c+ncer(" de s7n. T% n( +A #i !(%(% s68i d+(
(n s#+% c"inic, d+r in#r$+.ii"e !e c+re "e de.in +c($ i8+r #i #s%
!rB+Bi" de $+i $("% #"s. AA+d+r, ce i8+A s!(ne +c($?
,ACTG*II D= *ISC
S(n% ce" !(.in !+%r( #+c%ri de risc c+re s(n% +#ec%+.i de
n(%ri.ie, +A+ c($ +r+%6 %+Be"(" R.J. M("%e din +ces%e "e/6%(ri +(
#s% cn#ir$+%e =n Studiul <hina d(!6 ce +( #s% rec(nsc(%e !rin
+"%e cerce%6ri.
T+Be"(" R.JI D+c%rii de risc !en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n Ai in#"(en.+ +"i$en%+.iei.
*iscul de c$ncer de sFn se m&re!te
$runci cFnd o femeie $re999
G diet& cu $#ort ridic$t de $limente de ori%ine
$nim$l& !i hidr$ti de c$rbon r$fin$"i999
*7rs%6 %i$!(rie + $en+r)ei
F!ri$ei $ens%r(+.iiG
cB+r6 *7rs%+ $en+r)ei
*7rs%6 =n+in%+%6 + $en!+(Cei ridic6 *7rs%+ $en!+(Cei
ni*e"(ri =n+"%e de )r$ni #e$inini =n s7n/e creA%e ni*e"(ri"e de )r$ni #e$inini
ni*e" =n+"% de c"es%er" s+n/(in creA%e ni*e"(ri"e de c"es%er" s+n/(in
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risc cresc(% de c+ncer de s7n. Pers+ne"e de se< #e$inin c+re
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/ene"e '+c6 (n r" =n ce !ri*eA%e deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i de s7n.
D+r +(d !re+ $("%e !ers+ne s!(n7nd e c$A%enired din #+$i"ie> Ai
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#+%+"is%6 =nde!6r%e+C6 +ce" si$.6$7n% de res!ns+Bi"i%+%e !ersn+"6
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/ene $A%eni%e.
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/ener+" risc(" de B+"6 + #s% de SL^ !en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n Ai de
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*oala, nu fac cancer de s&n.
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+ccen%(" e<cesi* !(s !e +ces%e /ene s!eci+"e, Ai =n /ener+" !e c+(C+
/ene%ic6, n( es%e '(s%i#ic+%.
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$ic de #e$ei c+re "e !+r%6. D+r %reB(ie s6 n( (i%6$ c6 +ces%e /ene
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i+r +"i$en%+.i+ es%e ce+ c+re !+%e +#ec%+ +ces% "(cr(. A$ *6C(% de'+
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risc(" /eneric Ai "e/6%(r+ c( +n%eceden%e"e #+$i"i+"e, #e$ei"e s(n%
+dese+ =nc(r+'+%e s6 #ie e<+$in+%e =n ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" de s7n.
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c+re +( #s%, !+%e, %es%+%e !Ci%i* =n ce !ri*eA%e /ene"e BRCA.
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$+$/r+#ie. Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 c6 %r+%+$en%e"e n+s%re !en%r(
c+ncer +( $+i $("%e A+nse de + +*e+ s(cces d+c6 B+"+ es%e
desc!eri%6 =n%r8(n s%+di( $+i %i$!(ri(. Es%e !siBi" s6 #ie
+de*6r+% +ces% "(cr(, =ns6 e<is%6 ce*+ nesi/(r+n.6 "e/+%6 de #e"(" =n
c+re s(n% #"si%e s%+%is%ici"e =n +ce+s%6 deCB+%ere.
Un+ din s%+%is%ici"e (%i"iC+%e !en%r( + s(s.ine de%ec%+re+
%i$!(rie Ai %r+%+$en%e"e ce (r$e+C6 + se #+ce, +r+%6 c6, d+%6 !(s
di+/ns%ic(" de c+ncer de s7n, !rB+Bi"i%+%e+ de + s(!r+*ie.(i
!en%r( ce" !(.in cinci +ni es%e $+i $+re c+ ric7nd =n+in%e.
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Cee+
ce *re+ s6 s!(n6 de #+!% +ce+s%+ es%e c6, d+%6 c( c+$!+ni+
+ce+s%+ +/resi*6 !en%r( e<+$in+re re/("+%6, $("%e #e$ei =Ai
desc!er6 c+ncer(" de s7n =n%r8(n s%+di( $+i %i$!(ri( +" B"ii.
C7nd B+"+ es%e desc!eri%6 =n%r8(n s%+di( $+i %i$!(ri(, es%e $+i
!(.in !rB+Bi" s6 d(c6 "+ $+r%e =n dec(rs(" + cinci +ni, indiferent
de tratament. Prin urmare, am putea avea o rat' de supravie)uire
(m*un't')it' doar pentru c' femeile descoper' (ntr!o etap' mai
timpurie din progresia *olii ca au cancer de s&n %i nu pentru c'
tratamentele noastre s!au (m*un't')it (n decursul timpului. 'L
Pe "7n/6 +ces%e $e%de de e<+$in+re c(ren%6, $+i s(n% Ai
+"%e !.i(ni ne8n(%ri.in+"e !en%r( !re*enire c+re +( #s%
!r$*+%e. Aces%e+ !reCin%6 in%eres $ s!eci+" !en%r(
#e$ei"e c+re +( (n risc $+re de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n din c+(C6 c6
+( +n%eceden%e #+$i"i+"e Ai0s+( din c+(C+ !reCen.ei /ene"r
BRCA. Aces%e !.i(ni inc"(d "(+re+ (n(i $edic+$en% c($ +r #i
%+$<i#en(" Ai0 s+( $+s%ec%$i+.
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c+re se i+( !en%r( !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i de s7n,[>
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%i$! de !+%r( +ni #e$ei"r c( (n risc cresc(% de c+ncer de s7n +
red(s n($6r(" de c+C(ri c( !rcen%(" i$!resin+n% de RK6.,
T%(Ai, +ces% Bene#ici( se !+%e "i$i%+ "+ #e$ei"e +" c6rr ni*e" de
es%r/en es%e #+r%e =n+"%. Aces% reC("%+% + #s% ce" c+re +
de%er$in+% Ad$inis%r+.i+ A"i$en%e"r Ai Medic+$en%e"r din
S%+%e"e Uni%e s6 +!rBe (%i"iC+re+ %+$<i#en("(i de c6%re #e$ei"e
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ne!"6c(%e.
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e"e +c.ine+C6 !rin red(cere+ +c%i*i%6.ii es%r/en("(i, +c%i*i%+%e
c+re es%e c(nsc(%6 + #i +sci+%6 c( (n risc cresc(% de c+ncer de
s7n.> =n%reB+re+ $e+ es%e c7% se !+%e de si$!"6I de ce n( ne
=n%reB6$ de "+ =nce!(% de ce es%e +%7% de ridic+% ni*e"("
es%r/en("(i Ai, d+%6 ce rec(n+A%e$ ri/ine+ "(i +"i$en%+r6, de
ce n( crec%6$ c+(C+ /ener+%+re? A*e$ +c($ in#r$+.ii
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$+i $("% c+ si/(r +re e#ec%e sec(nd+re nedri%e.
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)r$ni"r #e$inini es%e c(nsc(%6 de $("% %i$! de c6%re
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si$!"( !(n7nd #e%e de !% !7n6 "+ Cece +ni s6 #"se+sc6 die%6
s6r+c6 =n /r6si$i, s6r+c6 =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, %i$! de
A+!%e +ni.
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!ri$e"e se$in.e +"e c+ncer("(i de s7n. Aces%e #e%e +( cns($+%
die%6 c( !7n6 "+ 9R^ /r6si$i Ai $+i !(.in de JL: $/ c"es%er" !e
CiI die%6 c( c+n%i%6.i $der+%e de +"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6.
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+ni$+"6 Ai +r #i =nce!(% s6 se +"i$en%eCe +s%#e" $+i de*re$e =n
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+!+ri.iei !(Ber%6.ii Ai c)i+r sc6dere+ risc("(i de c+ncer de s7n $+i
%7rCi( =n *i+.6.
De$ei"r c( risc $+re de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n "i se d+( %rei
!.i(niI s6 *e/)eCe Ai s6 +A%e!%e, s6 i+ $edic+.ie c( %+$<i# en %%
res%(" *ie.ii "r, s+( s6 =Ai #+c6 $+s%ec%$ie. Ar $+i #i + !+%r+
!.i(neI s6 #"se+sc6 +"i$en%+.ie #6r6 +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 Ai c( !(.ini )idr+.i de c+rBn r+#in+.i, "+ c+re s6 se +d+(/e,
!en%r( ce"e c( risc cresc(%, e<+$in+re re/("+%6. Sc%esc c6
+ce+s%6 + !+%r+ !.i(ne es%e (%i"6 c)i+r Ai !en%r( #e$ei"e c+re Ai8+(
#6c(% de'+ !ri$+ $+s%ec%$ie. D"sire+ die%ei c+ %r+%+$en%
e#icien% !en%r(
B+"+ de'+ di+/ns%ic+%6 + #s% de'+ Bine dc($en%+%6 =n s%(dii !e
+$eni c( B"i de ini$6 =n s%+re +*+ns+%6,
P
-[
P
[ di+Be% de %i! 9
dc($en%+% c"inic F*eCi c+!i%"(" ;G, $e"+8n+$e =n s%+re
+*+ns+%6e Fc+ncer de !ie"e #+%+"G Ai, =n s%(dii e<!eri$en%+"e !e
+ni$+"e, =n c+ncer(" de #ic+%.
Subst$n"ele chimice din mediul nconQur&tor
Le/+% de c+ncer(" de s7n +( $+i #s% disc(.ii +c($ c7.i*+
+ni. Aces%e+ !ri*esc s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice din $edi(" =ncn'(r6%r.
S8+ +r6%+% c6 +ces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice, +%7% de $("% r6s!7ndi%e,
scinde+C60desc$!(n )r$nii, "+ +$eni, deAi n( es%e c"+r c+re
)r$ni +( #s% +s%#e" +#ec%+.i. Aces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice !%
!rd(ce +nr$+"i%6.i re!rd(c%i*e, de#ec%e "+ n+A%ere Ai di+Be% de
%i! 9.
S(n% $+i $("%e %i!(ri de s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice !eric("+se,
$+'ri%+%e+ #iind +sci+%e c( !"(+re+ ind(s%ri+"6. Un /r(!, ce
inc"(de di<ine"e Ai PCB, !ersis%6 =n $edi(, de+rece n( s(n%
$e%+B"iC+%e +%(nci c7nd s(n% cns($+%e. As%#e", e"e n( s(n%
e<cre%+%e din cr!. Din c+(C+ #+!%("(i c6 n( s(n% $e%+B"iC+%e,
+ces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice se +c($("e+C6 =n /r6si$e+ din cr! Ai =n
"+!%e"e $+$e"r c+re +"6!%e+C6. Des!re (ne"e din +ces%e s(Bs%+n.e
c)i$ice se A%ie c6 !r$*e+C6 creA%ere+ ce"("e"r c+ncer+se, deAi
+$enii !% s6 n( se s(!(n6 (n(i risc se$ni#ic+%i* d+c6 n(
cns($6 c+n%i%6.i e<cesi*e de c+rne, "+!%e Ai !eA%e. =n%r8+de*6r,
O:8OL^ din e<!(nere+ n+s%r6 "+ +ces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice !r*ine
din cns($(" de !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 8 i+%6 (n +"% $%i*
!en%r( c+re cns($(" de !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 !+%e #i
risc+n%.
M+i es%e (n +" di"e+ /r(! de s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice din $edi(
c+re s(n%, de +se$ene+, !erce!(%e + cns%i%(i c+(Ce se$ni#ic+%i*e
!en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n Ai +"%e c+ncere. E"e s(n% c(nsc(%e s(B
n($e"e de PA5 FP"ycyc"ic Ar$+%ic 5ydrc+rBns0
5idrc+rB(ri Ar$+%e P"icic"iceG Ai c+re !r*in din /+Ce"e de
eA+!+$en% +(%, #($(" de "+ #+Brici, !rd(se"e !e%r"iere %i!
/(drn Ai #($(" de .i/+r6, c7%e*+ din e"e$en%e"e BiAn(i%e +"e (nei
scie%6.i ind(s%ri+"e. S!re deseBire de PSB Ai di<ine, +r(nci
c7nd cns($6$ PA5
F=n +"i$en%e Ai +!6G !e +ces%e+ "e $e%+B"iC6$ Ai "e e<cre%6$. =ns6
e<is%6 (n Bs%+c"I +%(nci c7nd s(Bs%+n.e"e +ces%e+ PA5 s(n%
$e%+B"iC+%e =n in%erir(" r/+nis$("(i, e"e /enere+C6 !rd(se
in%er$edi+re c+re in%r6 =n re+c.ie c( ADN Ai #r$e+C6 !rd(Ai
c$!"ecAi, n($i.i +d(c%ri F*eCi c+!i%"(" QG. Ace+s%+ cns%i%(ie
!ri$+ e%+!6 =n #r$+re+ c+ncer("(i. De #+!%, s8+ +r6%+% recen% c6
+ces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice +#ec%e+C6 =n $d ne#+*r+Bi" /ene"e
BRCA8J Ai BRCA89 +"e ce"("e"r c+ncer("(i de s7n ind(se =n
"+Br+%r.
LL
In c+!i%"(" Q, +$ descris s%(dii e#ec%(+%e =n "+Br+%r("
$e( c+re +r+%6 c6 +%(nci c7nd (n c+rcin/en #+r%e !(%ernic es%e
!(s =n r/+nis$, ri%$(" =n c+re c+(Ce+C6 !rB"e$e es%e =n ce+ $+i
$+re !+r%e cn%r"+% de n(%ri.ie. As%#e", #rec*en.+ =n c+re !rd(se"e
PA5 s(n% $e%+B"iC+%e =n !rd(se c+re se "e+/6 c( ADN8(" es%e
cn%r"+%6, =n $+re $6s(r6, de +"i$en%+.i+ !e c+re #"si$.
D+r%e si$!"(, d+c6 ne +"i$en%6$ c( die%6 de %i! *es%ic, *+
creA%e #rec*en.+ c( c+re +ceA%i c+rcin/eni c($ s(n% PA5 se "e+/6
de ADN !en%r( + #r$+ !rd(Ai ce d(c "+ +!+ri.i+ c+ncer("(i.
AA+ c6, +%(nci c7nd (n s%(di( recen% + desc!eri% ni*e"(ri
(Ar cresc(%e de +d(c%ri P5A8ADN "+ #e$ei"e c( c+ncer de s7n
din Ln/ Is"+nd, Ne3 ?r@,
LP
es%e !siBi" c+ +ces%e #e$ei s6 #i
+*(% die%6 $+i B/+%6 =n c+rne, cee+ ce + d(s "+ "e/+re+ PA5 de
ADN. Es%e #+r%e !siBi" c+ s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice PA5 c+re +( #s%
cns($+%e s6 n( #i +*(% ni$ic de + #+ce c( risc(" cresc(% de c+ncer
de s7n. De #+!%, =n +ces% s%(di(, n($6r(" de +d(c%ri PA58ADN "+
+ces%e #e$ei !+re s6 nu ai*' leg'tur' c( e<!(nere+ "+ PA5.
LP
C($
es%e !siBi" +ces% "(cr(? P+%e %+%e #e$ei"e din c+dr(" +ces%(i
s%(di( din Ln/ Is"+nd +( cns($+% ni*e"(ri re"+%i* (ni#r$e,
sc6C(%e de PA5, i+r sin/(re"e c+re +( #6c(% c+ncer de s7n d(!6
+cee+ +( #s% ce"e c+re +( #"si% die%6 c( +!r% $+re de /r6si$i
Ai !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6, cee+ ce + de%er$in+% c+ $+i $("%e
din s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice PA5 'n/er+%e s6 se "e/e de ADN8(" "r.
In +ce"+Ai s%(di( din Ln/ Is"+nd, c+ncer(" de s7n n( + #s%
+sci+% c( PCB Ai di<ine, +ce"e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice c+re
n( !% #i $e%+B"iC+%e.
LL
C+ (r$+re + s%(di("(i din Ln/ Is"+nd,
!(B"ici%+%e+ e<+/er+%6 c+re +sci+C6 s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice din
$edi( c( c+ncer(" de s7n + #s% =n%r8(n #e" +d(s6 "+ %6cere. Aces%e
desc!eriri, c7% Ai +"%e"e, s(/ere+C6 c6 s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice din
$edi(" =ncn'(r6%r !+r s6 '+ce (n r" $+i !(.in se$ni#ic+%i* =n
ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" de s7n =n c$!+r+.ie c( #e"(" +"i$en%e"r !e
c+re +"e/e$ s6 "e $7nc6$.
Ter$#i$ de substitu"ie $ hormonilor
TreB(ie s6 $en.ineC !e sc(r%, =n #in+", !rB"e$6 "e/+%6 de
c+ncer(" de s7nI d+c6 s6 se #"se+sc6 s+( n( Ter+!i+ de S(Bs%i%(.ie
+ 5r$ni"r F5r$ne Re!"+ce$en% T)er+!y05RTG, c+re creA%e
risc(" c+ncer("(i de s7n. 5RT es%e #"si%6 de $("%e #e$ei !en%r( +
+%en(+ e#ec%e"e ne!"6c(%e +"e $en!+(Cei, + !r%e'+ s6n6%+%e+
+se"r Ai + !re*eni B+"+ crn+ri+n6.
LS
C( %+%e +ces%e+, es%e
rec(nsc(% +c($, =n $+re $6s(r6, #+!%(" c6 5RT n( es%e I+ #e" de
Bene#ic6 +A+ c($ se cnsider+ d+%6, Ai c6 !+%e +*e+ +n($i%e
e#ec%e sec(nd+re /r+*e. AA+d+r, c($ s%+( "(cr(ri"e?
Scri( +ces% c$en%+ri( =n%r8(n $$en% !r%(n de+rece, c)i+r
=n ("%i$(" +n +( #s% !reCen%+%e reC("%+%e"e (nr e<!eri$en%e de
$+re +n*er/(r6 =n ce !ri*eA%e 5RT.
LS
De (n in%eres deseBi% s(n%
d(6 e<!eri$en%e *+s%e, #6r6 +/end6 !res%+Bi"i%6I 4$en[s 5e+"%)
Ini.i+%i*e F45I0Ini.i+%i*+ cen%r( S6n6%+%e+ De$ei"rG
L;
Ai 5e+r% +nd
Es%r/en Pr/es%in Re!"+ce$en% S%(dy F5ERS0S%(di(" Ini$+ Ai
Ter+!i+ de S(Bs%i%(.ie + Es%r/en("(i Pr8 /es%inG>. L+ #e$ei"e c+re
#+c 5RT, d(!6 L,9 +ni e<!eri$en%(" 45I +r+%6 creA%ere c( 9S^ +
c+C(ri"r de c+ncer de s7n, =n %i$! ce e<!eri$en%(" 5ERS +r+%6
creA%ere c)i+r $+i $+re, de Q:^.-- Aces%e s%(dii s(n% cnsec*en%e.
Se !+re c6 e<!(nere+ s!ri%6 "+ )r$ni #e$inini, !rin 5RT,
cnd(ce c( +de*6r+% "+ $+i $("% c+ncer de s7n.
S8+ creC(% c6 5RT es%e +sci+%6 c( r+%e $+i sc6C(%e +"e B"ii
crn+riene.
LS
T%(Ai, +ces% "(cr( n( es%e ne+!6r+% +de*6r+%. =n
c+dr(" e<!eri$en%("(i *+s% 45I, "+ #iec+re
J:::: de #e$ei s6n6%+se +#"+%e =n !s%8$en!+(C6, c+re #"se+(
5RT, er+( c( A+!%e #e$ei $+i $("% c+re +*e+( B+"6 de ini$6, c(
!% $+i $("%e c+re #6c(ser6 +cciden%e *+sc("+re cereBr+"e Ai c( !%
$+i $("%e c( e$B"ie !("$n+r6
L;
8 !(s(" + cee+ ce s8+ +A%e!%+%.
L+ (r$+ (r$ei, 5RT !+%e cre%te risc(" de B+"6 c+rdi*+sc("+r6.
Pe de +"%6 !+r%e, 5RT + +*(% (n e#ec% Bene#ic +s(!r+ c+ncer("(i
c"nrec%+" Ai r+%ei #r+c%(ri"r s+se. L+ #iec+re J:::: de #e$ei
er+( c( A+se $+i !(.ine c+ncere c"nrec%+"e Ai c( cinci $+i
!(.ine #r+c%(ri s+se.
L;
C( +se$ene+ in#r$+.ii, ce deciCie se !+%e "(+? D+r #6c7nd
niA%e !er+.ii de +d(n+re Ai sc6dere + ci#re"r !(%e$ *ede+ c6 5RT
!+%e #+ce $+i $("% r6( dec7% Bine. P(%e$ s!(ne #iec6rei #e$ei s6
i+ deciCie =n dre!%(" !r!riei !ers+ne =n #(nc.ie de +ce+ B+"6 Ai
+ce"e ne!"6ceri de c+re se %e$e $+i $("%, +A+ c($ #+c !rB+Bi"
$(".i $edici. =ns6 +ce+s%+ !+%e #i deciCie d(r6 !en%r( #e$ei"e
c+re +( !rB"e$e seri+se din c+(C+ $en!+(Cei. Aces%e #e$ei
%reB(ie s6 +"e+/6 =n%re + s(!r%+ si$!%$e"e e$.in+"e Ai #iCice
+"e $en!+(Cei !en%r( + !6s%r+ (n risc sc6C(% de c+ncer de s7n, ri
+ #+ce 5RT, !en%r( + se sc(%i de ne!"6ceri"e $en!+(Cei, =n %i$!
ce =Ai s!resc risc(" de c+ncer de s7n Ai, !siBi" de +se$ene+, de
B+"6 c+rdi*+sc("+r6. A s!(ne c6 +ces% scen+ri( $6 %("B(r6 +r
=nse$n+, din !+r%e+ $e+, s6 !reCin% +de*6r(" n($+i !e '($6%+%e.
Ni +$ c)e"%(i% !es%e (n $i"i+rd de d"+ri !en%r( s%(di(" Ai
deC*"%+re+ !re/6%iri"r $edic+"e "e/+%e de +ces%e 5RT Ai %% ce
+$ B.in(% s(n% ce*+ !"(s(ri +!+ren%e Ai !rB+Bi" $("% $+i $("%e
$in(s(ri. A s!(ne c6 +ce+s%+ e s(!6r6%r =nse+$n6 + $(A+$+"iC+
in*es%i.ie ce n( + +d(s Bene#icii.
In "c de + ne BiC(i !e 5RT, e( s(/ereC c+"e $+i B(n6, !rin
#"sire+ +"i$en%+.iei. Ar/($en%(" s(n6 +s%#e"I
] In !eri+d+ re!rd(c%i*6, ni*e"(ri"e )r$ni"r s(n% ridic+%e,
deAi "+ #e$ei"e c+re #"sesc die%e *e/e%+"e n( s(n% +A+ de ridic+%e.
] C7nd #e$ei"e +'(n/ "+ s#7rAi%(" +ni"r re!rd(c%i*i, es%e c( %%("
n+%(r+" c+ )r$nii re!rd(c6%ri +i %(%(rr #e$ei"r s6 sc+d6 "+
(n ni*e" 's, de B+C6>.
] Pe $6s(r6 ce !eri+d+ re!rd(c%i*6 se +!r!ie de s#7rAi%,
ni*e"(ri"e sc6C(%e +"e )r$ni"r "+ ce"e ce cns($6 +"i$en%e de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 n( se !r6B(Aesc +A+ de !(%ernic c($ se =n%7$!"6
=n c+C(" ce"r c+re #"sesc +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
D"sind niA%e ci#re i!%e%ice !en%r( + i"(s%r+ cnce!%(", ni*e"(ri"e
"+ ce"e c( die%e *e/e%+"e se !% !r6B(Ai de "+ P: "+ JL, Ai n( de "+
S: "+ JL, c+ "+ ce"e ce cns($6 +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
] Aces%e sc)i$B6ri Br(A%e +"e )r$ni"r din r/+nis$ s(n% ce"e
c+re !rd(c si$!%$e"e $en!+(Cei.
] De +cee+, die%6 de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 cnd(ce "+ !r6B(Aire
$+i !(.in se*er6 + ni*e"("(i )r$ni"r Ai "+ $en!+(C6 $+i
B"7nd6.
Aces% +r/($en% es%e =n%r( %%(" '(s% Ai se B+Ce+C6 !e cee+ ce
de'+ c(n+A%e$, deAi $+i $("%e s%(dii ne8+r #i de #"s. D+r, c)i+r
d+c6 s%(dii"e din *ii%r +r eA(+ =n cn#ir$+re+ +ces%r de%+"ii,
die%6 de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 ne #er6 8 "(cr( incn%es%+Bi" 8 ce"e $+i
sc6C(%e risc(ri +%7% !en%r( c+ncer de s7n, c7% Ai !en%r( B+"+ de
ini$6, din +"%e $%i*e. P+%e #i c)i+r ce+ $+i B(n6 c+"e din%re
%+%e, c( +*+n%+'e !e c+re nici (n $edic+$en% n( "e !+%e #eri.
In ric+re din%re c)es%i(ni"e c+re i$!"ic6 risc(" c+ncer("(i de
s7n F#"sire+ %+$<i#en("(i, #"sire+ 5RT, e<!(nere+ "+
s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice din $edi(, $+s%ec%$i+ !re*en%i*6G, e( s(n%
cn*ins c6 +ces%e !r+c%ici re!reCin%6 dis%r+/ere+ +%en.iei n+s%re de
"+ + "(+ =n cnsider+re s%r+%e/ie n(%ri.in+"6 $+i si/(r6 Ai c(
$("% $+i #"si%+re. Es%e /r+* c6 +$ sc)i$B+% $d(" de + /7ndi
des!re +ce+s%6 B+"6 Ai c6 #eri$ +s%#e" de in#r$+.ii #e$ei"r c+re
+( ne*ie de e"e.
CANC=*UL D= INT=STIN :*GS 0D=
CGLGN .I D= *=CT8
L+ s#7rAi%(" "(i i(nie 9::9, Ger/e 4. B(s) + %r+ns#er+%
!reAedin.i+ "(i Dic@ C)eney !en%r( +!r<i$+%i* d(6 re, %i$! =n
c+re + #s% s(!(s (nei c"nsc!ii. D+%ri%6 i$!"ic+.ii"r !e c+re
c"nsc!i+ !reAedin%e"(i B(s) "e +*e+ +s(!r+ !"i%icii "($ii,
*es%e+ + cns%i%(i% A%ire n+.in+"6, i+r screenin/(" de c"n Ai rec%
+( +'(ns ded+%6 =n cen%r(" +%en.iei. Pre%(%indeni =n .+r6, #ie c6 er+
*rB+ de /"($e s+( A%iri c+re !reCen%+( +ce+s%6 *es%e de senC+.ie,
%+%6 "($e+ s8+ !$eni% din%r8 d+%6, =n sc(r% %i$!, *rBind des!re
cee+ ce se n($eA%e colonoscopie Ai "+ ce #"seA%e e+. Aces%+ +
#s% (n(" din r+re"e $$en%e =n c+re .+r+ Ai8+ =ndre!%+% +%en.i+ s!re
(n+ din B"i"e ce"e $+i (ci/+Ae, c+ncer(" de c"n Ai de rec%.
De+rece +%7% c+ncer(" de c"n, c7% Ai ce" de rec% s(n%
c+ncere +"e in%es%in("(i /rs Ai, de +se$ene+, d+%ri%6 +se$6n6ri"r
e<is%en%e =n%re e"e, +ces%e+ s(n% +dese+ /r(!+%e s(B den($ire+ de
c+ncer c"nrec%+". C+ncer(" c"nrec%+" cns%i%(ie, =n %er$enii
$r%+"i%6.ii /ener+"e, +" !+%r("e+ din%re c+ncere"e ce"e $+i =n%7"ni%e
=n "($e. =n S%+%e"e Uni%e es%e +" di"e+ din%re ce"e $+i =n%7"ni%e
c+ncere, S^ din%re +$eric+ni #6c7nd +ce+s%6 B+"6 =n %i$!(" *ie.ii
"r.> Unii !re%ind c)i+r c6, "+ *7rs%+ de A+!%eCeci de +ni, '($6%+%e
din !!("+.i+ .6ri"r cciden%+"iC+%e> *r #+ce %($r6 =n
in%es%in(" /rs, i+r J:^ din%re +ces%e c+C(ri *r #i c+C(ri $+"i/ne.>
D=CALAJUL :=G:*A,IC
A$eric+ de Nrd, E(r!+, A(s%r+"i+ Ai .6ri"e $+i B/+%e din
Asi+ F,+!ni+, Sin/+!reG +( r+%e #+r%e =n+"%e +"e c+ncer("(i
c"nrec%+", =n %i$! ce A#ric+, Asi+ Ai $+'ri%+%e+ .6ri"r din
A$eric+ Cen%r+"6 Ai de S(d +( r+%e #+r%e sc6C(%e +"e +ces%(i
c+ncer. De e<e$!"(, Re!(B"ic+ Ce)6 +re r+%6 + $r%+"i%6.ii de
QP> "+ J::.::: de B6rB+.i, =n %i$! ce B+n/"+des) +re r+%6 de
deces de :,SQ "+ J::.::: de
B6rB+.iH->
L
Gr+#ic(" R.Q !reCin%6 !rin c$!+r+.ie r+%e"e $edii de
deces +"e .6ri"r deC*"%+%e Ai +"e .6ri"r $+i !(.in deC*"%+%eI %+%e
+ces%e r+%e s(n% +'(s%+%e =n ce !ri*eA%e *7rs%+.
D+!%(" c6 !reCen.+ c+ncer("(i de c"n *+ri+C6 enr$ =n%re
di#eri%e .6ri es%e (n "(cr( c+re se c(n+A%e de decenii =n%re/i.
=n%reB+re+ + #s% =n%%de+(n+ de ce. S(n% +ces%e di#eren.e d+%r+%e
$A%enirii /ene%ice, s+( $edi("(i?
Se !+re c6 #+c%rii de $edi(, inc"(si* die%+, '+c6 ce" $+i
i$!r%+n% r" =n ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" c"nrec%+".
S%(dii e#ec%(+%e !e e$i/r+n.i +( +r6%+% c6 !e $6s(r6 ce
+$enii se $(%6 din Cne c( risc $+i sc6C(% de c+ncer =n Cne c(
risc $+i cresc(% de c+ncer, ei !rei+( risc(" cresc(% =n dec(rs(" +
d(6 /ener+.ii.> Aces% "(cr( s(/ere+C6 c6 die%+ Ai s%i"(" de *i+.6
cns%i%(ie c+(Ce i$!r%+n%e !en%r( +ces% c+ncer. A"%e s%(dii +(
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Datele
arat'
(n mod clar c' o diet' alc'tuit' din
alimente integrale, de origine vegetal'
poate reduce (n mod impresionant ratele
cancerului colonorectal. -u %tim care
dintre fi*re sunt responsa*ile pentru acest
lucru, ce mecanism este implicat sau
m'car c&t anume din efect este datorat
fi*relor luate independent.
ALI DACTORI
Recen% s8+ Bser*+% c6 +cei+Ai
#+c%ri de risc ce d(c "+ c+ncer("
c"nrec%+", die%6 c( !(.ine #r(c%e Ai
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+ni$+"6 Ai )idr+.i de c+rBn r+#in+.i, !+%e
d(ce de +se$ene+ "+ sindr$(" reCis%en.ei
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;;
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!+%e #i res!ns+Bi"6 !en%r( c+ncer(" de
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;;
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crede c6 +' (n/ =n in%es%in(" /rs Ai d(c "+ d eC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i
de c"n. C+"ci(", !rin +d(n+re+ "+"+"%6 + +ces%r +ciCi Bi"i+ri,
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creA%ere+ +n($i%r ce"("e in c"n,
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(ns' acest efect nu a fost (n
(ntregime vala*il pentru indicatorii diferi)i ai cre%terii celulelor.
Fai mult dec&t at&t, nu este clar dac' aceste efecte, care
par a fi favora*ile din punct de vedere *iochimic, duc cu adev'rat la
o reducere a de/volt'rii cancerului.>[
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DESCOPERIND ALTCE2A DECZT
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>> Se rec$+nd6 =n $d BiAn(i% c+ +$enii s6 =Ai #+c6
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n($6r(" c+ncere"r c+re s(n% sc%i%e + #i d+%r+%e n($+i /ene"r>.
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c+ncer(" de c"n es%e =n $+re $6s(r6 de%er$in+% de /ene"e
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c"n c( "e/6%(r6 =n #+$i"ie F+dic6 !rcen%e"e =n !"(s de J:8Q:^G
s(n% %%(Ai =n $+re !+r%e de%er$in+%e de #+c%ri de $edi( Ai
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+dese+ e<!erien.e c+re s(n% =$!6r%6Ai%e =n c+dr(" #+$i"iei.
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de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 es%e c+!+Bi"6 s6 +n("eCe, =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e,
d+c6 n( c)i+r =n %%+"i%+%e, +ces% risc !rin cn%r"+re+ e<!ri$6rii
+ces%r /ene. De+rece +"i$en%+.ie B/+%6 =n #iBre !+%e d+r s6
!re*in6 c+ncer(" de c"n 8#iBre"e =n !"(s n( *r promova nicid+%6
c+ncer(" de c"n 8rec$+nd6ri"e +"i$en%+re +r %reB(i s6 #ie +ce"e+Ai
indi#eren% de risc(" /ene%ic +" c(i*+.
CANC=*UL D= (*GSTATL
B6n(iesc c6 $+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r n( A%i( e<+c% ce es%e
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!rs%+%6. Prs%+%+ es%e (n r/+n +" +!+r+%("(i re!rd(c6%r $+sc("in,
de $6ri$e+ (nei n(ci, +AeC+%6 =n%re *eCic+ (rin+r6 Ai c"n. E+ es%e
res!ns+Bi"6 !en%r( !rd(cere+ (nei !6r.i din "ic)id(" c+re +'(%6
s!er$+ =n c6(%+re+ +ces%ei+ de + #ec(nd+ *("(" #e$inin.
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!rB"e$e. C7.i*+ din !rie%enii $ei +( +c($ c+ncer de !rs%+%6 s+(
!rB"e$e "e/+%e de +ce+s%+, Ai ei n( s(n% sin/(rii. AA+ c($ + scs =n
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B6rB+.ii din S%+%e"e Uni%e, re!reCen%7nd c+$ 9L^ din %+%e
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c( !(.in !es%e P. A$Bi/(i%+%e+ +ces%ei +n+"iCe #+ce c+ deciCii"e s6 se
i+ #+r%e /re(. Uneri !rie%enii $ei =$i cer !6rere+. S6 =Ai #+c6
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cerce%6rii Ai, cn#r$ cerce%6ri"r "+ c+re +$ #s% $+r%r, n( e<is%6
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$+i $("% dec7% c+ncer(" de s7n.
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scie%6.i"e c( +"i$en%+.ii Ai s%i" de*i+%6 *es%ic>.
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ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s(n% B(ne, i+r +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(n%
re"e, d+r A%i$ ni Ai ce*+ $+i s!eci#ic? =n $d s(!rinC6%r, (n+ din
ce"e $+i cnsec*en%e, s!eci#ice "e/6%(ri =n%re die%6 Ai c+ncer(" de
!rs%+%6 + #eri%8 s%(di(" cns($("(i de !rd(se "+c%+%e.
Un re#er+% din 9::J de "+ 5+r*+rd es%e c7% se !+%e de
cn*in/6%r>I
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c$!+r+%i* c( (n /r(! de cn%r", Ai ;... din O s%(dii de /r(! +(
re$+rc+% +sciere !Ci%i*6 =n%r8 +n($i%6 $6s(r6 in%re !rd(se"e
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concludente predic)ii pentru cancerul de prostat' din literatura
pu*licat' cs(B"iniere+ $e+d. =n +ces%e s%(dii, B6rB+.ii c( cns($("
ce" $+i $+re de !rd(se "+c%+%e +( +*(% risc +!r<i$+%i* d(B"(
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!(B"ic+%6,> i+r cei c+re cns($6 ce"e $+i $("%e !rd(se "+c%+%e +(
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de c+C(ri ci%+%ed. De re$+rc+% c6 n($er+se s%(dii +( desc!eri%
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c+"ci( Ai #s#r.>
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MECANISMELE
AA+ c($ +$ *6C(% "+ ce"e"+"%e #r$e de c+ncer, s%(dii"e !e
sc+r6 "+r/6 +r+%6 "e/6%(r6 =n%re c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6 Ai +"i$en%+.i+
de ri/ine +ni$+"6, =n s!eci+" ce+ B/+%6 =n !rd(se "+c%+%e.
=n.e"e/ere+ $ec+nis$e"r din s!+%e"e "e/6%(ri"r Bser*+%e =n%re
c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6 Ai !rd(se"e "+c%+%e #i<e+C6 de#ini%i*
+r/($en%(".
Pri$(" $ec+nis$ !ri*eA%e (n )r$n c+re s!reA%e
deC*"%+re+ ce"("e"r c+ncer+se, (n )r$n !e c+re r/+nis$("
ns%r( =" #+Bric6, !e $6s(r6 ce es%e ne*ie de e". Aces% )r$n de
creA%ere, #+c%r(" J de creA%ere +se$ene+ ins("inei FIns("ine8"i@e
Gr3%) D+c%r J0IGD8"G se d*edeA%e + +*e+ *+"+re !redic%i*6 =n
!ri*in.+ c+ncer("(i %% +A+ c($ c"es%er"(" es%e (n indice de
!redic.ie !en%r( B+"+ de ini$6. In cndi.ii nr$+"e, +ces% )r$n
+d$inis%re+C6 c( e#icien.6
#rec*en.+ de creA%ere> + ce"("e"r 8 +dic6 #e"(" =n c+re se =n$(".esc Ai
c($ sc+!6 de ce"("e"e B6%r7ne, %%(" =n c+dr(" (nei s%6ri B(ne de
s6n6%+%e.
In cndi.ii nes6n6%+se, %%(Ai IGD8J de*ine $+i +c%i*, s!rind
n+A%ere+ Ai creA%ere+ de ni ce"("e =n %i$! ce in)iB6 =n $d si$("%+n
=nde!6r%+re+ ce"("e"r *ec)i, +$Be"e #+*riC7nd deC*"%+re+
c+ncer("(i cA+!%e s%(dii ci%+%e
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)r+n+ !e c+re $7nc6$? Prin cns($(" de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 creA%e ni*e"(" +ces%(i )r$n de creA%ere, IGD8J, =n s7n/e
.-->
J:J
In cee+ ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6, s8+ d*edi% c6 B6rB+.ii
c( ni*e"(ri de IGD8J $+i $+ri dec7% ni*e"(" nr$+" +( (n risc de L,J
ri $+i $+re =n ce !ri*eA%e c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6 de s%+di( +*+ns+%.-
R

Ti $+i $("%I c7nd B6rB+.ii +( de +se$ene+ Ai ni*e"(ri s+n/(ine
red(se +"e (nei !r%eine c+re "e+/6 Ai in+c%i*e+C6 IGD8J,
J:9
ei *r
+*e+ un risc de K,S ori mai mare de cancer de prostat' de stadiu
avansatO S6 !(ne$ c7%e*+ s%e"(.e "+ +ces%e n($ere. E"e s(n% $+ri Ai
i$!resin+n%e 8 Ai, #(nd+$en%+", !en%r( +ce+s%6 desc!erire es%e
#+!%(" c6 !rd(ce$ $+i $("% IGD8J +%(nci c7nd cns($6$ +"i$en%e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c($ s(n% c+rne+ Ai !rd(se"e "+c%+%e.-->
J:J
A" di"e+ $ec+nis$ es%e "e/+% de $e%+B"is$(" *i%+$inei D.
Ace+s%6 *i%+$in6> n( es%e (n n(%rien% !e c+re %reB(ie s6 ="
cns($6$. Or/+nis$(" ns%r( !+%e !rd(ce %% neces+r(" de
+ce+s%6 *i%+$in6 !(r Ai si$!"( e<!(n+nd(8ne "+ "($in+ s+re"(i =n%re
JL8Q: $in(%e "+ #iec+re d(6 Ci"e. Pe "7n/6 !rd(cere+ de *i%+$in+ D
!rin e<!(nere+ "+ "($in6, +ce+s%+ es%e +#ec%+%6 Ai de )r+n+ !e c+re
$7nc6$. Dr$+re+ ce"ei $+i +c%i*e #r$e de *i%+$in+ D cns%i%(ie
(n !rces c+re es%e s%r7ns $ni%riC+% Ai cn%r"+% de c6%re
r/+nis$(" ns%r(. Aces% !rces cns%i%(ie (n e<e$!"( $+/ni#ic
!en%r( #e"(" ec)i"iBr+% =n c+re +c.ine+C6 =n $d n+%(r+" r/+nis$("
ns%r(, cee+ ce +#ec%e+C6 n( n($+i c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6, d+r Ai
c+ncer(" de s7n, c+ncer(" de c"n, s%e!rC+ Ai B"i"e +(%i$(ne
c($ es%e di+Be%(" de %i! J. D+%ri%6 i$!r%+n.ei s+"e !en%r(
n($er+se B"i Ai d+%ri%6 c$!"e<i%6.ii i$!"ic+%e =n + e<!"ic+ =n ce
#e" #(nc.ine+C6 %+%e +ces%e+, +$ inc"(s in Ane<+ C sc)e$6
!resc(r%+%6, s(#icien%6 !en%r( + !reCen%+ !(nc%(" $e( de *edere.
Ace+s%6 re.e+ de re+c.ii i"(s%re+C6
$("%e $ec+nis$e de +c.i(ne +se$6n6%+re Ai !(%ernic in%e/r+%e
e<!"ic7nd =n ce #e" )r+n+ n+s%r6 ne cn%r"e+C6 s6n6%+%e+.
C$!nen%+ !rinci!+"6 =n c+dr(" +ces%(i !rces es%e #r$6
+c%i*6 + *i%+$inei D !rd(s6 =n r/+nis$ din *i%+$in+ D !e c+re
B.ine$ din +"i$en%+.ie s+( c( +'(%r(" "($inii s"+re. Ace+s%6
*i%+$in6 D s(!er+c%i*6> !rd(ce $("%e e#ec%e Bene#ice =n r/+nis$,
inc"(si* !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i, + B"i"r +(%i$(ne Ai + (nr B"i
c($ +r #i s%e!rC+. Ace+s%6 +%7% de i$!r%+n%6 #r$6 de *i%+$in+
D s(!er+c%i*6 n( es%e ce*+ ce !+%e #i "(+% din $7nc+re s+( din%r8(n
$edic+$en%. Un $edic+$en% c$!(s din *i%+$in+ D s(!er+c%i*6
iC"+%6 +r #i de de!+r%e $("% !re+ !(%ernic Ai $("% !re+ !eric("s
!en%r( (C(" $edic+". Or/+nis$(" ns%r( +re serie de cn%r"ri Ai
senCri +"c6%(i.i c( /ri'6 !en%r( + !rd(ce e<+c% c+n%i%+%e+ neces+r6
de *i%+$in+ D s(!er+c%i*6 !en%r( #iec+re s+rcin6 =ncredin.+%6 Ai "+
%i$!(" !recis.
D(!6 c7% se !+re, +"i$en%+.i+ n+s%r6 !+%e de%er$in+ c7% de
$("% din +ce+s%6 *i%+$in6 D s(!er+c%i*6 se !rd(ce Ai =n ce #e"
"(cre+C6 +ce+s%+ d+%6 ce es%e !rd(s6. Pr%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6
!e c+re "e cns($6$ +( %endin.+ de + B"c+ !rd(c.i+ de *i%+$in+ D
s(!er+c%i*6, "6s7nd r/+nis$(" c( ni*e"(ri sc6C(%e de *i%+$in+ D =n
s7n/e. D+c6 +ces%e ni*e"(ri sc6C(%e !ersis%6, se !+%e !rd(ce
c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6. De +se$ene+, cns($(" cn%in(( $+re de
c+"ci( cree+C6 (n $edi( =n c+re *i%+$in+ D s(!er+c%i*6 sc+de,
=nr6(%6.ind si%(+.i+.
AA+d+r, c+re s(Bs%+n.e +( +%7% !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c7%
Ai c+n%i%6.i $+ri de c+"ci(? Laptele %i alte produse lactate. Ace+s%+ se
!%ri*eA%e !er#ec% c( d*eCi"e c+re "e+/6 cns($(" de !rd(se "+c%+%e
c( c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6. Aces%e in#r$+.ii ne #er6 cee+ ce ni
n($i$ plau/i*ilitate *iologic' Ai +r+%6 =n ce #e" se !%ri*esc d+%e"e
din Bser*+.ii"e e#ec%(+%e. C+ s6 re*ede$ $ec+nis$e"eI
] Pr%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 de%er$in6 r/+nis$(" s6 !rd(c6
$+i $("% IGD8J, c+re, "+ r7nd(" "(i, !rd(ce deCrdine =n creA%ere+
ce"("e"r Ai =nde!6r%+re+ ce"r B6%r7ne, s%i$("7nd deC*"%+re+
c+ncer("(i.
] Pr%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(!ri$6 !rd(cere+ de
*i%+$in6 D s(!r+=nc6rc+%6>.
] C+"ci(" =n e<ces, +A+ c($ se /6seA%e =n "+!%e, s(!ri$6 de
+se$ene+ !rd(cere+ de *i%+$in6 D s(!er+c%i*6 >.
] 2i%+$in+ D s(!er+c%i*6>es%e res!ns+Bi"6 de $("%e Bene#icii
!en%r( s6n6%+%e din r/+nis$(" ns%r(. Ni*e"(ri"e cn%in(e red(se de
*i%+$in+ D s(!er+c%i*6 cree+C6 (n $edi( c+re in*i%6 di#eri%e
c+ncere, B"i +(%i$(ne, s%e!rC+ Ai +"%e B"i.
P+r%e+ i$!r%+n%6 +ici es%e =n ce #e" !ere+C6 e#ec%e"e
+"i$en%+re 8 +%7% B(ne, c7% Ai re"e 8 !rin%r8 si$#nie de re+c.ii
crdn+%e !en%r( + !re*eni B"i de #e"(" c+ncer("(i de !rs%+%6. =n
desc!erire+ e<is%en.ei +ces%r re.e"e de "(cr(, ni ne =n%reB6$
+dese+ c+re #(nc.ii s!eci#ice s(n% !ri$+re Ai c+re s(n% sec(nd+re. Ni
+*e$ %endin.+ de + cnsider+ +ces%e re+c.ii din c+dr(" re.e"e"r de
"(cr( c+ #iind inde!enden%e. D+r "(cr(ri"e n( s%+( +A+, c( si/(r+n.6.
Cee+ ce $6 i$!resine+C6 !e $ine es%e $(".i$e+ de re+c.ii ce
"(cre+C6 "+"+"%6 =n +%7% de $("%e #e"(ri !en%r( + !rd(ce +ce"+Ai
e#ec%I =n +ces% c+C, !en%r( + !re*eni B+"+. N( e<is%6 (n sin/(r
$ec+nis$> c+re s6 e<!"ice !e de!"in +ce" ce*+ ce dec"+nAe+C6 B"i
!rec($ c+ncer(". =n%r8+de*6r, +r #i neB(nie d+r s6 /7ndi$ !e +ces%
#6/+A. =ns6 cee+ ce A%i( es%e +ces% "(cr(I %%+"i%+%e+ Ai $(".i$e+
d*eCi"r, c+re !ere+C6 !rin re.e"e de "(cr( =n+"% crdn+%e, *in =n
s!ri'in(" cnc"(Cii"r cn#r$ c6rr+ cns($(" de !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai
c+rne cns%i%(ie seriAi #+c%ri de risc !en%r( c+ncer(" de !rs%+%6.
YN CONCLUKIE
A!r<i$+%i* '($6%+%e de $i"in de +$eric+ni *r $er/e in
+ces% +n "+ c+Bine%(" (n(i $edic (nde "i se *+ s!(ne c6 +( c+ncer de
s7n, de !rs%+%6 s+( de in%es%in /rs. Indi*iCii c+re #+c (n(" din
+ces%e c+ncere re!reCin%6 P:^ din %%+"(" !+cien.i"r c+re #+c c+ncer.
Aces%e %rei #r$e de c+ncer de*+s%e+C6 *ie.i"e n( d+r +"e *ic%i$e"r
=nseAi, d+r Ai +"e r(de"r Ai !rie%eni"r "r.
C7nd s+cr+ $e+ + $(ri% de c+ncer de c"n "+ *7rs%+ de
cinciCeci Ai (n( de +ni, nici (n(" din%re ni n( + c(nsc(% +%7% de
$("%e "(cr(ri des!re n(%ri.ie s+( ce =nse+$n6 +"i$en%+.i+ !en%r(
s6n6%+%e. N( er+ *rB+ c6 n( ne8+$ !rec(!+% de s6n6%+%e+ ce"r
dr+/i n(6 8 desi/(r c6 +$ #6c(% +ces% "(cr(. D+r n( +$ +*(%
in#r$+.ii"e +ces%e+. Ti c( %+%e +ces%e+, c( %reiCeci de +ni $+i
%7rCi(, "(cr(ri"e n( s8+( sc)i$B+% c( $("%. Din%re +$enii !e c+re =i
c(n+A%e.i c+re +( c+ncer, s+( !reCin%6 risc(" de + #+ce c+ncer, c7.i
din%re ei +( "(+% =n cnsider+.ie +d!%+re+ (nei die%e c( +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 !en%r( +8Ai =$B(n6%6.i A+nse"e? E(
cred c6 #+r%e !(.ini +( #6c(% +ces% "(cr(. PrB+Bi" nici ei n( +(
+ces%e in#r$+.ii.
Ins%i%(.ii"e n+s%re Ai #(rniCrii de in#r$+.ii ne =nA+"6. C)i+r Ai
r/+niC+.ii"e ce s%(di+C6 c+ncer(", +%7% "+ ni*e" n+.in+" c7% Ai "c+",
n( *r s6 disc(%e s+( s6 i+ =n se+$6 +ces%e d*eCi. A"i$en%+.i+ c+ (n
e"e$en% esen.i+" =n ce !ri*eA%e s6n6%+%e+ re!reCin%6 !(%ernic6
!r*c+re !en%r( $edicin+ cn*en.in+"6, c+re es%e cns%r(i%6
#(nd+$en%+" !e $edic+$en%e Ai c)ir(r/ie F*eCi P+r%e+ + I28+G.
C$(ni%6.i"e "+r/ r6s!7ndi%e de n(%ri.iniA%i !r#esiniA%i, cerce%6%ri
Ai dc%ri s(n%, =n /ener+" incnA%ien.i de +ces%e d*eCi s+( n( *r s6
"e =$!6r%6Ae+sc6. Ti !en%r( c6 ei n( #+c +ces% "(cr(, +$eric+nii s(n%
=nAe"+.i Ai "i!si.i de in#r$+.ii c+re "e8+r !(%e+ s+"*+ *ie.i"e.
E<is%6 =n !reCen% s(#icien%e d*eCi c+ dc%rii s6 !(n6 =n
disc(.ie !.i(ne+ de + (r$6ri sc)i$B6ri"e =n +"i$en%+.ie c+ $e%d6
!%en.i+"6 !en%r( !re*enire+ Ai %r+%+re+ c+ncer("(i. E<is%6 =n !reCen%
s(#icien%e d*eCi c+ /(*ern(" S%+%e"r Uni%e s6 i+ =n disc(.ie idee+
c6 =ns6Ai %<ici%+%e+ )r+nei n+s%re es%e e+ sin/(r6 c+(C+ ce+ $+i
$+re + c+ncer("(i. E<is%6 =n !reCen% s(#icien%e d*eCi c6 +sci+.ii"e
"c+"e ce s%(di+C6 c+ncer(" de s7n, ins%i%(.ii"e !en%r( c+ncer(" de
!rs%+%6 Ai de c"n, +r %reB(i s6 disc(%e !siBi"i%+%e+ de + #(rniC+
+$eric+ni"r de !re%(%indeni in#r$+.ii "e/+%e de #e"(" =n c+re die%6
c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, !+%e #i (n $edic+$en%
incrediBi" de e#icien% =$!%ri*+ !rd(cerii c+ncer("(i.
D+c6 +r +*e+ "c +ces%e disc(.ii, es%e !siBi" c+ =n +n("
(r$6%r, (n n($6r $+i $ic dec7% L::.::: de +$eni c+re se d(c "+
c+Bine%(" $edic("(i s6 +#"e c6 +( c+ncer de s7n, de !rs%+%6 s+( de
c"n. I+r =n +n(" (r$6%r, c)i+r Ai $+i !(.ini !rie%eni, c"e/i s+(
$e$Bri +i #+$i"iei s6 +#"e +ces% ce" $+i de %e$(% din %+%e
di+/ns%ice"e. I+r !es%e di +ni, s6 #ie Ai $+i !(.ini.
PsiBi"i%+%e+ c+ +ces% *ii%r s6 cns%i%(ie re+"i%+%e+ n+s%r6 es%e
re+"6, Ai +*7nd =n *edere c6 +ces% *ii%r de.ine +se$ene+ s!er+n.6
!en%r( s6n6%+%e+ +$eni"r de !re%(%indeni, es%e (n *ii%r !en%r( c+re
$eri%6 s6 +c.in6$.
2
)GLI AUTGI/UN=
Nici (n +"% /r(! de B"i n( es%e +%7% de !er#id c+ B"i"e
+(%i$(ne. E"e s(n% /re( de %r+%+%, i+r e#ec%(" BiAn(i% es%e
!ierdere+ #(nc.iei #iCice Ai $en%+"e. S!re deseBire de B+"+ de
ini$6, c+ncer, BeCi%+%e Ai di+Be%(" de %i! 9, =n c+C(" B"i"r
+(%i$(ne r/+nis$(" se +(%dis%r(/e =n $d sis%e$+%ic.
P+cien%(" +#ec%+% es%e +!r+!e /+r+n%+% sr%i% !ieirii.
Un s#er% de $i"in de +$eni s(n% di+/ns%ic+.i =n #iec+re +n
=n S%+%e"e Uni%e c( (n+ din ce"e !+%r(Ceci de B"i +(%i$(ne.
J9
De$ei"e s(n% de 9,; ri $+i +#ec%+%e dec7% B6rB+.ii. C+$ Q^ din%re
+$eric+ni F !ers+n6 din %reiCeci Ai (n+G +( B+"6 +(%i$(n6,
%%+"iC7nd ci#r+ ("(i%+re de R,L $i"i+ne de +$eniW (nii sc%esc
c6 +r #i *rB+ de c)i+r J98JQ $i"i+ne de +$eni.
Ce"e $+i c$(ne din +ces%e B"i s(n% !reCen%+%e =n %+Be"("
O.J.
9
Pri$e"e n(6 c(!rind O;^ din %+%e c+C(ri"e de B"i
+(%i$(ne.
9
Ce"e $+i s%(di+%e s(n% sc"erC+ $("%i!"6, +r%ri%+
re($+%id6, "(!(s(", di+Be%(" de %i! J Ai c+rdi%+ re($+%is$+"6.
9
Aces%e+ cns%i%(ie Ai !rinci!+"e"e B"i +(%i$(ne c+re +( #s%
s%(di+%e =n cre"+.ie c( +"i$en%+.i+.
A"%e"e, c+re n( +( #s% inc"(se =n %+Be"(" O.J, s(n% B"i"e
in#"+$+%rii +"e in%es%ine"r,
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Ai F!siBi"G B+"+ P+r@insn.
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c($ re$+rc+ cine*+ recen%,
9
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+ces%e dere/"6ri c+ (n /r(!>. E"e !reCin%6 %+B"(ri c"inice
+se$6n6%+re,
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+dese+ in c+dr(" +ce"r+Ai !!("+.ii.
9
Sc"erC+ $("%i!"6 Ai di+Be%("
de %i! J, de e<e$!"(, +( > dis%riB(.ie e%nic6 Ai /e/r+#ic6 +!r+!e
iden%ic6.>- B"i"e +(% i$(ne =n /ener+" s(n% $+i =n%7"ni%e c( c7%
es%e $+i $+re dis%+n.+ #+.6 de ec(+%r. Aces% #en$en es%e
c(nsc(% =nc6 din JO99.[ Sc"erC+ $("%i!"6, de !i"d6, es%e de !es%e
s(%6 de ri $+i des =n%7"ni%6 =n nrd(" =nde!6r%+% #+.6 de
ec(+%r.
J:
T$belul 291; )oli $utoimune obi!nuite 0de l$
cele m$i obi!nuite l$ cele m$i
neobi!nuite8
J. G(A+ F5i!er%iridis$G J:. B+"+ S'/ren
9. Ar%ri%+ re($+%id6 JJ. Mi+s%eni+ /r + *is
Q. Tiridi%6 F)i!%iridis$G J9. P"i$isi%is0
P. 2i%i"i/ der$+%$isi%is
L. Ane$i+ !ernici+s6 JQ. B+"+ Addisn
S. G"$er("ne#ri%+ JP. Sc"erder$+
;. Sc"erC+ $("%i!"6 JL. CirC6 Bi"i+r6 !ri$+r6
R. Di+Be% de %i! J JS. U*ei%is
O. L(!(s eri%e$+%s J;. 5e!+%i%+ crnic6 +c%i*6
sis%e$ic
D+%ri%6 +ces%r %r6s6%(ri c$(ne, n( es%e e<+/er+% +
cnsider+ B"i"e +(%i$(ne c+ B+"6 +$!"6 c+re s6"6A"(ieA%e =n
!6r.i di#eri%e din r/+nis$ Ai !rei+ di#eri%e n($e. De e<e$!"( =n
+ces% #e" ne re#eri$ "+ c+ncer, c+re es%e den($i% =n $d s!eci#ic =n
#(nc.ie de !+r%e+ din cr! (nde es%e "c+"iC+%.
T+%e B"i"e +(%i$(ne cns%i%(ie reC("%+%(" (n(i /r(! de
$ec+nis$e c+re $er/ +n+!d+, =n $+re !+r%e +se$ene+
c+ncer("(i. =n +ces% c+C, $ec+nis$(" =" cns%i%(ie sis%e$("
i$(ni%+r c+re +%+c6 =n $d ern+% ce"("e din !r!ri(" r/+nis$.
Die c6 es%e *rB+ de !+ncre+s, c+ =n di+Be%(" de %i! J, de %e+c6 de
$ie"in6, c+ =n c+C(" sc"erCei $("%i!"e, s+( de .es(%(ri"e +r%ic("+re,
c+ =n +r%ri%6, %+%e B"i"e +(%i$(ne i$!"ic6 (n sis%e$ i$(ni%+r
c+re s8+ re*"%+%. Es%e *rB+ de
r6sc+"6 in%ern6, c7% se !+%e de d6(n6%+re, (n+ =n c+re !r!ri("
ns%r( r/+nis$ de*ine d(A$+n(" "(i ce" $+i +!ri/.
IMUNITATE DE LA IN2ADATORI
Sis%e$(" i$(ni%+r es%e ("(i%r de c$!"e<. A(d +dese+
di#eri.i +$eni *rBind des!re +ces% sis%e$ c+ Ai c7nd +r #i (n
r/+n iden%i#ic+Bi", c+ de !i"d6 (n !"6$7n. Ni$ic n( !+%e #i $+i
#+"s. Es%e (n sis%e$, n( (n r/+n.
=n esen.6, sis%e$(" ns%r( i$(ni%+r es%e c+ re.e+ $i"i%+r6
dese$n+%6 s6 +!+re =$!%ri*+ in*+d+%ri"r s%r6ini. S"d+.ii>
+ces%ei re.e"e s(n% /"B("e"e +"Be +"e s7n/e"(i, c+re s(n% +"c6%(i%e
din $+i $("%e s(B/r(!e, #iec+re +*7nd !r!ri+ ei $isi(ne. Aces%e
s(B/r(!e s(n% si$i"+re #"%ei $i"i%+re, +r$+%ei %eres%re, #"%ei
+eriene Ai $+rinei, #iec+re /r(! de s!eci+"iA%i +*7nd "(cr+re
#+r%e s!eci+"iC+%6.
Cen%r(" de recr(%+re> !en%r( sis%e$ es%e =n $6d(*+ +se"r
n+s%re.
M6d(*+ es%e res!ns+Bi"6 !en%r( #+Bric+re+ de ce"("e s!eci+"iC+%e
den($i%e ce"("e s(A6 Fs%ern ce""sG. Une"e din%re +ces%e ce"("e s(n%
!(se =n circ("+.ie !en%r( + #i #"si%e =n di#eri%e !6r.i +"e cr!("(iW
+ces%e+ s(n% n($i%e ce"("e8B cn.%r+d., de "+ Bnes> 8 +se, =n "B.
en/"eC6d. A"%e ce"("e #r$+%e =n $6d(*+ s+s6 r6$7n i$+%(re, s+(
nes!eci+"iC+%e, !7n6 c7nd +'(n/ =n %i$(s F(n r/+n din c+*i%+%e+
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c+re n( "e8+( *6C(% nicid+%6 =n+in%e. R6s!(ns(" i$(n "+ +ceA%i
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i$(ni%+r Bser*6 +ces%e ce"("e s%r6ine, s+( +n%i/ene, e" "e dis%r(/e.
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+%+ce c)i+r .es(%(ri"e !e c+re +r %reB(i s6 "e !r%e'eCe. Aces% !rces
+(%dis%r(c%i* es%e c$(n %(%(rr B"i"r +(%i$(ne. Es%e c+ Ai
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DIABETUL DE TIP J
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cei JP9 de c!ii di+Be%ici e*+"(+.i +( +*(% ni*e"(ri +"e +n%icr!i"r
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17
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BOLI DE OASE, RINIC5I, OC5I TI CREIER
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#s% de Q,Q ri $+i $+re "+ !ers+ne"e +"e c6rr ni*e"(ri de +cid #"ie se
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)$cis%ein6 se +#"+( =n %rei$e+ s(!eri+r6. Ce s(n% +cid(" #"ie Ai
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in%ens. 5$cis%ein6 es%e (n +$in+cid c+re !r*ine =n !rinci!+" din
!r%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
;;
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ridic+%
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!(.ine !rd(se de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 creA%e risc(" !en%r( B+"+
A"C)ei$er.
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A#ec%+re+ c/ni%i*6 $der+%6, !e se+$+ c6rei+ se #+c /"($e
!r+s%e, !er$i%e %%(Ai !ers+nei =n c+(C6 s68Ai $en.in6 *i+.6
inde!enden%6, #(nc.in+"6, =ns6 de$en%+ Ai B+"+ A"C)ei$er s(n%
%r+/ice, !(n7nd !*eri +!r+!e i$!siBi" de !(r%+% +s(!r+ *ic%i$e"r
Ai + !ers+ne"r +!r!i+%e +ces%r+. =n c+dr(" +ces%(i s!ec%r(, de "+
di#ic("%6.i $inre =n +8.i $en.ine /7nd(ri"e =n rdine !7n6 "+
de/ener+re /r+*6, )r+n+ !e c+re cns($i !+%e +#ec%+ =n $d dr+s%ic
risc(" de dec"in $in%+".
B"i"e !e c+re "e8+$ !+rc(rs =n +ces% c+!i%" !re%ind (n %riB(%
#+r%e /re( de "+ $+'ri%+%e+ din%re ni =n cei din (r$6 +ni +i *ie.ii,
c)i+r d+c6 n( s(n% #+%+"e. Pen%r( c6 n( s(n% de Bicei #+%+"e, $("%e
!ers+ne c+re s(n% +#ec%+%e de +ces%e B"i %r6iesc %%(Ai *i+%6 "(n/6.
T%(Ai c+"i%+%e+ *ie.ii "r es%e !r#(nd de%erir+%6 !7n6 c7nc# B+"+ =i
#+ce =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e de!enden.i de +".ii Ai inc+!+Bi"i de +
#(nc.in+ "+ c+!+ci%+%e+ nr$+"6.
A$ s%+% de *rB6 c( +%7% de $(".i +$eni c+re BiAn(iesc s6
s!(n6I S8+r !(%e+ s6 n( %r6iesc +A+ de $("% c+ *i 6A%i+ s6n6%Aii, d+r
s(n% si/(r c6 s6 $6 B(c(r de %i$!(" !e c+re =" +$ $7nc7nd #ri!%(ri
ri de c7%e ri dresc, #($7nd, d+c6 +A+ *re+( e(, Ai #6c7nd %% ce
!#%esc.> A$ cresc(% +"6%(ri de +s%#e" de +$eni, +$ #s% "+ Ac+"6
+"6%(ri de +s%#e" de +$eni, Ai +$ +*(% !rie%eni din%re +s%#e" de +$eni.
N( c( $("% %i$! =n (r$6, (n(" din cei $+i B(ni !rie%eni +i $ei + +*(%
#+r%e /re+ !er+.ie de c+ncer Ai Ai8+ !e%rec(% ("%i$ii +ni de *i+.6
#iind !+r+"iC+% =n%r8(n +Ci" de B6%r7ni. L8+$ *iCi%+% de $("%e ri, Ai de
#iec+re d+%6 c7nd !"ec+$ de +c" er+$ !r#(nd s%6!7ni% de (n
si$.6$7n% de $(".($ire !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ de c+re $6 B(c(r "+ *7rs%+
$e+ =n+in%+%6. N( er+ ce*+ neBiAn(i% +%(nci c7nd $6 d(ce+$ s68J
*iCi%eC !e !rie%en(" $e( c+ s6 +#"( c6 !rin%re nii !+cien.i c+re er+(
+d(Ai +c" er+ *re(n+ din c(nA%in.e"e n+s%re c$(ne din +nii de
dini+r6. Ti $(".i din%re +ceA%i+ +*e+( A"C)ei$er, #iind in%ern+.i =n
sec.i+ s!eci+"6 !en%r( +ce+s%6 B+"6.
B(c(ri+ de + %r6i, =n s!eci+" ce+ de8+ d(+ '($6%+%e + *ie.ii, es%e
=n $+re !+r%e c$!r$is6 d+c6 n( !(%e$ *ede+, d+c6 n( !(%e$
/7ndi, d+c6 rinic)ii nA%ri n( #(nc.ine+C6, s+( d+c6 +se"e n+s%re
s(n% #r+/i"e Ai se #r+c%(re+C6 (Ar. =n ce $6 !ri*eA%e, e( s!er s6 !% #i =n
s%+re s6 $6 !% B(c(r+ !e de!"in n( n($+i de %i$!(" din !reCen%, d+r
Ai de %i$!(" din *ii%r c7nd s6 !% Bene#ici+ +%7% de s6n6%+%e c7% Ai de
inde!enden.6.
(A*T=A III
G5IDUL ALIMENTAIEI
CORECTE
Recen%, +$ #s% =n%r8(n res%+(r+n% Ai, !ri*ind $eni(", $i8+
+%r+s +%en.i+ !.i(ne de $eni( #+r%e s!eci+"6, s6r+c =n )idr+.i
de c+rBn>I !r.ie i$ens6 de !+s%e #6in+se !res6r+%e c( "e/($e,
#e" de $7nc+re c(nsc(% de +"%#e" s(B n($e"e de !+s%+ !ri$+*er+.
M+'ri%+%e+ c+"rii"r +ces%(i+ !r*ene+( =n $d c"+r din )idr+.i
de c+rBn. C($ !(%e+ #i +ces%+ s6r+c =n )idr+.i de c+rBn>? Er+
*re /reA+"6 de %i!+r? N( cred c6 er+ *rB+ de +A+ ce*+. Ti =n +"%e
c+Cii +$ Bser*+% c6 s+"+%e"e, !7ine+ Ai c)i+r c)ec(" c(
scr.iA+r6 er+( e%ic)e%+%e dre!% s6r+ce =n )idr+.i de c+rBn>,
c)i+r d+c6 "is%+ in/redien%e"r !e c+re "e cn.in de$ns%re+C6 c6,
de #+!%, $+'ri%+%e+ c+"rii"r "r s(n% #(rniC+%e de )idr+.ii de
c+rBn. Ce se =n%7$!"6?
Ace+s%6 $+nie "e/+%6 de )idr+.ii de c+rBn> es%e =n $+re
!+r%e reC("%+%(" $es+'("(i +"i$en%+r +" Dr. A%@ins. Ins6, $+i recen%,
"(cr+re+ +ces%(i+ Dr. $tHins' -e Diet Revolution + #s% r6s%(rn+%6
Ai =n"c(i%6 de :he South Ieach Diet FDie%+ P"+'ei de s(dG
cnsider+%6 re/in+ c6r.i"r de +"i$en%+.ie. :he South Ieach Diet
es%e cnsider+%6 + #i $+i $der+%6, $+i (Ar de (r$+% Ai $+i
si/(r6 dec7% A%@ins =ns6, din cee+ ce !% e( s6 s!(n, cred c6
"(!("> Ai8+ sc)i$B+% d+r !6r(" c( "7n+ ii. A$Be"e die%e s(n%
=$!6r.i%e =n %rei e%+!e, +$Be"e "i$i%e+C6 s%ric% +!r%(" de )idr+.i de
c+rBn =n !ri$+ e%+!6, Ai +$Be"e die%e se B+Ce+C6 !(%ernic !e
c+rne, !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai (6. :he South Ieach Diet, de e<e$!"(,
in%erCice !7ine+, reC(", !+s%e"e #6in+se, +"i$en%e"e c+!%e =n
c(!%r, C+)6r(" Ai c)i+r #r(c%e"e =n !ri$e"e d(6 s6!%6$7ni. D(!6
+cee+, %e !.i BiAn(i i+r6Ai c( )idr+.ii de c+rBn !7n6 c7nd
$6n7nci cee+ ce $i se !+re + #i, de #+!%, die%6 %i!ic +$eric+n6.
P+%e de +cee+ :he South Ieach Diet e c+r%e c+re se *inde
+%7% de Bine.
Prnind de "+ 3eBsi%e8(" :he South Ieach Diet, re*is%+
-eseeH scri+I *+"+re+ re+"6 + +ces%ei c6r.i cns%6 =n s#+%(ri"e
ei +"i$en%+re s6n6%+se. Se re.ine !+r%e+ ce+ $+i B(n6 din re/i$("
A%@ins 8 c+rne+ 8 =n %i$! ce se ren(n.6 "+ ide+ c6 %.i )idr+%ii de
c+rBn %reB(ie e*i%+.i>.
J
Cine +re de "+ -eseeH + !+rc(rs "i%er+%(r+ de s!eci+"i%+%e
!en%r( + A%i c+re s#+%(ri +"i$en%+re s(n% s6n6%+se Ai c+re n(? Ti,
d+c6 %ii die%+ A%@ins "+ c+re +d+(/i ce*+ )idr+.i de c+rBn>, c7% de
$("% di#er6 +ce+s%6 die%6 de die%+ %i!ic +$eric+n6, die%+ +cee+
%<ic6 ce s8+ d*edi% c6 ne =n/r+A6, ne d6 B"i de ini$6, ne
dis%r(/e rinic)ii, ne #+ce s6 rBi$ s+( ne cnd(ce s!re A"C)ei$er,
c+ncer Ai $(".i$e de +"%e !rB"e$e $edic+"e?
S(n% d+r c7%e*+ e<e$!"e +"e si%(+.iei +c%(+"e =n d$eni("
cnA%ien%iC6rii $d("(i de +"i$en%+.ie din SUA. Ki de Ci *6d c(
c)ii $ei c($ +$eric+nii s(n% =nec+.i de (n !%! de in#r$+.ii
riBi"e c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie. Mi8+$in%esc Cic+"+ c+re circ("+
+c($ c7%e*+ deceniiI $mericanilor le plac l'turile. Ti +"%+I
$mericanilor le place s' aud' lucruri *une despre o*iceiurile lor
proaste. L+ !ri$+ *edere se !+re c6 +ces%e d(6 Cic+"e s(n%
+de*6r+%e. O+re c)i+r s(n%?
A$ $+i $("%6 =ncredere =n c+!+ci%+%e+ +$eric+n("(i de
r7nd. N( es%e +de*6r+% c6 +$eric+ni"r "e !"+c "6%(ri"e 8 ci "6%(ri"e
=i in(nd6 !e +$eric+ni, #ie c6 ei *r +ces% "(cr(, #ie c6 n( *rH E(
A%i( c6 (nii +$eric+ni dresc +de*6r(", d+r n( +( !(%(% s68J +#"e
!en%r( c6 es%e =n6B(Ai% de +%7%e+ "6%(ri. D+r%e !(.ine din
in#r$+.ii"e c+re +'(n/ "+ !(B"ic !r*in din s(rse A%iin.i#ice
s6n6%+se Ai !"6%i$ !en%r( +ce+s%+ (n !re. =n/ri'r6%r. ACi ("ei("
de $6s"ine e =n/rCi%r, $7ine e B(n !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ ini$ii. ACi
(6"e ne =n#(nd6 +r%ere"e, $7ine s(n% s(rs6 B(n6 de !r%eine.
ACi c+r%#ii Ai reC(" s(n% B(ne, $7ine s(n% ce+ $+i $+re
+$enin.+re !en%r( /re(%+%e+ cr!("(i.
L+ =nce!(%(" +ces%ei c6r.i +$ +#ir$+% c6 .in%+ $e+ es%e s6
rede#inesc $d(" de e*+"(+re + in#r$+.ii"r des!re +"i$en%+.ie 8
s6 e"i$in6$ cn#(Ci+, s6 n( c$!"ic6$ n.i(ni"e "e/+%e de
s6n6%+%e Ai c6 =$i =n%e$eieC s(s.ineri"e !e d*eCi"e c+re !r*in din
cerce%6ri n(%ri.in+"e de c+"i%+%e, recn#ir$+%e, !(B"ic+%e =n re*is%e
!r#esin+"e de !ri$6 c"+s6. P7n6 +c($ +.i *6C(% $s%r6 +$!"6 8
Ai es%e d+r $s%r6 8 din +ces%e d*eCi. A.i *6C(% c6 e<is%6
s(s.inere A%iin.i#ic6 c!"eAi%+re !en%r( +n($i%6 die%6, si$!"6 Ai
ce+ $+i B(n6 8 c+re c(!rinde +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6.
Dresc s6 cndenseC "ec.ii"e de n(%ri.ie =n*6.+%e din +ces%e
c(!rinC6%+re d*eCi Ai din e<!erien.+ $e+ de !es%e P: de +ni =n%r8
(n si$!"( /)id !en%r( +"i$en%+.ie s6n6%+s6.
Mi8+$ c$!ri$+% c(nA%in.e"e =n c7%e*+ !rinci!ii de B+C6,
!rinci!ii c+re *r +d(ce "($in6 =n "e/6%(r6 c( #e"(" =n c+re
#(nc.ine+C6 c( +de*6r+% +"i$en%+.i+ Ai s6n6%+%e+. M+i $("% dec7%
+%7%, +$ %r+d(s A%iin.+ =n rec$+nd6ri die%e%ice !e c+re d*s. !(%e.i
=nce!e s6 "e !r+c%ic+.i =n *i+.+ !r!rie. N( d+r c6 *e.i dB7ndi
n(6 =n.e"e/ere c( !ri*ire "+ n(%ri.ie Ai s6n6%+%e, d+r *e.i A%i de
+se$ene+ e<+c% ce +"i$en%e %reB(ie s6 $7nc+.i Ai ce +"i$en%e
%reB(ie s6 e*i%+.i. De!inde de d*s. ce decide.i s6 #+ce.i c( +ces%e
in#r$+.ii, d+r ce" !(.in d*s., c+ ci%i%r Ai !ers+n6, +*e.i c+Ci+ de
+ *i se !reCen%+ +"%ce*+ dec7% "6%(ri.
11
ALIMENTAIA CORECTA R PRINCIPII
CU PRI2IRE LA 5RANX TI SXNXTATE
Bene#icii"e (n(i s%i" de *i+%6 s6n6%s s(n% enr$e. TreB(ie s6
A%i.i c6 !(%e.iI
] s6 %r6i.i $+i $("%
] s6 +r6%+.i Ai s6 *6 si$.i.i $+i %7n6r
] s6 +*e.i $+i $("%6 ener/ie
] s6 !ierde.i =n /re(%+%e
] s6 red(ce.i *+"+re+ c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in
] s6 !re*eni.i Ai c)i+r s6 #+ce.i s6 re/reseCe B+"+ de ini$6
] s6 red(ce.i risc(" de c+ncer de !rs%+%6, de s7n Ai +"%e c+ncere
] s6 *6 !6s%r+.i *edere+ Ai =n +nii din (r$6 +i *ie.ii
] s6 !re*eni.i Ai s6 %r+%+.i di+Be%("
] s6 e*i%+.i in%er*en.ii"e c)ir(r/ic+"e =n $("%e c+C(ri
] s6 red(ce.i enr$ ne*i+ de !rd(se $edic+$en%+se
] s6 *6 !6s%r+.i +se"e !(%ernice
] s6 e*i%+.i i$!%en.+
] s6 e*i%+.i +cciden%(" *+sc("+r cereBr+"
] s6 !re*eni.i !ie%re"e "+ rinic)i
] cns%i!+.i+
] s6 sc6de.i %ensi(ne+ s7n/e"(i
] s6 e*i%+.i B+"+ A"C)ei$er
] s6 =n*in/e.i s6 *6 #eri.i c!iii de + #+ce di+Be% de %i! J
] s6 red(ce.i +r%ri %+
] Ai =nc6 $("%e +"%e"e...
Aces%e+ s(n% d+r c7%e*+ din%re Bene#icii, Ai %+%e !% #i +"e
d($ne+*+s%r6. Pre.("? Si$!"(, d+r sc)i$B7nd(8*6 die%+. N(
A%i( d+c6 + #s% *red+%6 +%7% de (Ar s+( c( d+r +%7% de !(.in
e#r% c+ s6 B.ine.i #"+se +%7% de $+ri.
28+$ d+% $s%re de d*eCi Ai *8+$ *rBi% des!re "(n/("
dr($ #6c(% !en%r( + +'(n/e "+ +ces%e cnc"(Cii. Ac($ *re+( s6 #+c
(n reC($+% +" "ec.ii"r des!re +"i$en%+.ie, s6n6%+%e Ai B+"6, !e
c+re "e8+$ =n*6.+% de8+ "(n/(" %i$!("(i, !rin (r$6%+re"e !%
!rinci!ii !e c+re "e *i e<!(ne. Aces%e !rinci!ii %reB(ie s6 #ie B+C+
!en%r( #e"(" =n c+re +c.in6$ =n d$eni(" A%iin.ei, #e"(" =n c+re =i
%r+%6$ !e B"n+*i, #e"(" =n c+re ne +"i$en%6$, #e"(" =n c+re /7ndi$
des!re s6n6%+%e Ai #e"(" =n c+re !erce!e$ "($e+.
PRINCIPIUL nr. J
Nutri"i$ re#re'int& $c"iune$ combin$t& $ nenum&r$te
subst$n"e din $limente, ntre%ul nse$mn&
m$i mult decFt sum$ tuturor #&r"ilor9
Pen%r( + i"(s%r+ +ces% !rinci!i( %reB(ie d+r s6 !ri*i.i
!ers!ec%i*+ Bic)i$ic6 + (nei $ese. S6 Cice$ c6 !re/6%i.i s%e de
s!+n+c c( /)i$Bir Ai r+*i"i din #6in6 in%e/r+"6 ($!"(%e c(
d*"ece", (n% de n(ci Ai cndi$en%e, c( ss de %$+%e.
S!+n+c(" sin/(r !reCin%6 +B(nden%6 de e"e$en%e c)i$ice
*+ri+%e. T+Be"(" JJ.J es%e d+r o lista par)ial' c( cee+ ce +*e.i =n
/(r6 d(!6 ce "(+.i =n/)i.i%(r6 de s!+n+c.
rG(!6 c($ *ede.i, %c$+i +.i in%rd(s B/6.ie de n(%rien.i
=n cr!(" d($ne+*+s%r6. Pe "7n/6 +ces% +$es%ec e<%re$ de
c$!"e<, c7nd "(+.i Ai /(r6 din +ce" r+*i"i c( ss de %$+%e Ai
($!"(%(r+ de d*"ece", $+i B.ine.i +"%e $ii Ai $ii de s(Bs%+n.e
c)i$ice, %+%e "e/+%e =n di#eri%e #e"(ri =n #iec+re +"i$en% 8 cii
+de*6r+% $in6 de +(r Bic)i$ic6.
De =nd+%6 ce +ce+s%6 )r+n6 i+ cn%+c% c( s+"i*+
d($ne+*+s%r6, r/+nis$(" =Ai =nce!e +c.i(ne+ $ir+c("+s6 Ai se
!rneA%e !rces(" di/es%iei. Diec+re din +ces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice
din )r+n6 in%er+c%ine+C6 c( ce"e"+"%e
s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice din )r+n6 Ai c( s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice din
r/+nis$(" d($ne+*+s%r6 =n $d(ri #+r%e s!eci#ice. Aces%+ es%e
(n !rces in#ini% de c$!"e<, Ai !(r Ai si$!"( es%e i$!siBi" de
=n.e"es e<+c% =n ce #e" #iec+re s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 in%er+c.ine+C6 c(
+"%6 s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6. Ni n( *$ desc!eri nicid+%6 =n ce #e"
+ces%e+ se !%ri*esc "+"+"%6.
T+Be"(" JJ.JI N(%rien.ii din s!+n+c.
/AC*GNUT*I=NJI A!6 8 Gr6si$i Fde $("%e #e"(riG C+"rii 8
5idr+.i de c+rBn Pr%eine Fde $("%e #e"(riG 8 DiBre
/IN=*AL= C+"ci( 8 Sdi( 8 Dier 8 Kinc 8
M+/neCi( 8 C(!r( Ds#r 8 M+n/+n 8 P%+si( 8
Se"eni(
EITA/IN= C F+cid +scrBicG 8 BS F!irid<in6G8
B" F%i+$in6G D"+% 8 B9 FriB#"+*in6G 8 A Fs(B #r$6 de
c+r%enidG BQ Fni+cin6G 8 E F%c#er"iG 8 Acid !+n%%enic
ACISI :*A.I
JPI: F+cid $iris%icG 8JR.J F+cid "eicG JSI:
F+cid !+"$i%icG 8 9:IJ F+cid eics+nicG
JRI: F+cid s%e+ricG 8JRI9 F+cid "in"eicG JSIJ
F+cid !+"$i%"eicG 8JRIQ F+cid "in"enicG
A/INGACISI
Tri!%#+n 8 2+"in6 8 Trenin6 8 Ar/inin6
Is"e(cin6 8 5is%idin6 8 Le(cin6 8 A"+nin6
Lisin6 8 Acid +s!+r%ic 8 Me%inin6 8 Acid /"(%+$ic
Cis%in6 8 G"(cin6 8 Deni"+"+nin6 8 Pr"in6
TirCin6 8 Serin6
I+%6 ce *re+( s6 *6 %r+ns$i% =n !rinci!+"I S(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice
!e c+re "e B.ine$ din )r+n+ !e c+re $7nc6$ s(n% +n/+'+%e =n%r8
serie de re+c.ii c+re "(cre+C6 =n +ns+$B"( !en%r( + !rd(ce s%+re
B(n6 de s6n6%+%e. Aces%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice s(n% rc)es%r+%e c( /ri'6
!rin $ec+nis$e de cn%r" c$!"ic+%e =n in%erir(" ce"("e"r
n+s%re Ai +" r/+nis$("(i ns%r(, Ai +ces%e $ec+nis$e de cn%r"
decid (nde $er/e #iec+re n(%rien%, c7% din res!ec%i*(" n(%rien% es%e
neces+r Ai c7nd +re "c #iec+re re+c.ie.
Or/+nis$e"e n+s%re des#6A+r6 +ce+s%6 re.e+ in#ini% de
c$!"e<6 de re+c.ii c( sc!(" de + B.ine Bene#icii $+<i$e din
+"i$en%e"e in%e/r+"e, +A+ c($ +!+r e"e =n n+%(r6. Cine es%e /reAi%
=ndr($+% !+%e %r7$Bi.+ *ir%(.i"e (n(i +n($i% n(%rien% s+( +"e (nei
+n($i%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice, =ns6 +ces% $d de /7ndire es%e !re+
si$!"is%. Or/+nis$(" ns%r( + =n*6.+% c($ s6 Bene#icieCe de
s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice din +"i$en%e +A+ c($ s(n% e"e +s+$B"+%e
"+"+"%6, deB+r+s7nd(8se de (ne"e Ai (%i"iC7nd !e +"%e"e +A+ c($
sc%eA%e e" de c(*iin.6. N( !% s6 +ccen%(eC +ces% "(cr( =nde+'(ns,
+*7nd =n *edere c6 e" re!reCin%6 %e$e"i+ =n.e"e/erii + cee+ ce
=nse+$n6 B(n6 n(%ri.ie.
(*INCI(IUL nr9 6
Eit$minele nu constituie un #$n$ceu
#entru o s&n&t$te bun&
De+rece n(%ri.i+ #(nc.ine+C6 c+ (n sis%e$ Bic)i$ic in#ini%
de c$!"e< ce i$!"ic6 $ii de s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice Ai $ii de e#ec%e
+s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii n+s%re, es%e (n nnsens s6 crede$ c6 n(%rien.i
iC"+.i, "(+.i c+ s(!"i$en%e, +r !(%e+ =n"c(i +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e.
S(!"i$en%e"e n( +( c+ reC("%+% s6n6%+%e !e %er$en "(n/ Ai !%
!rd(ce e#ec%e sec(nd+re i$!re*iCiBi"e. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, !en%r(
cei ce se BiC(ie !e s(!"i$en%e, e#ec%(" Bene#ic n(%ri%i* +" sc)i$B6rii
die%ei es%e +$7n+%. Peric"e"e die%ei *es%ice n( !% #i cn%r+c+r+%e
!rin cns($+re+ de n(%rien.i "+ !i"("6.
Ur$6rind c($ + e<!"d+% in%eres(" !en%r( n(%rien.i =n ("%i$ii
d(6Ceci s+( %reiCeci de +ni, + de*eni% c7% se !+%e de c"+r de ce +
+!6r(% ind(s%rie i$ens6 + s(!"i$en%e"r de n(%rien.i. Pr#i%(ri"e
(ri+Ae cns%i%(ie (n s%i$("en% e<ce"en% Ai ni re/"e$en%6ri +"e
/(*ern("(i +( !re/6%i% c+"e+ !en%r( !i+.6 %% $+i e<%ins6. M+i
$("% dec7% +%7%, cns($+%ri"r n( "e !"+ce s6 se des!+r%6 de )r+n+
c( c+re s8+( BiAn(i% Ai, c+ (r$+re, !rin =n/)i.ire+ c7%r*+
s(!"i$en%e +( i$!resi+ c6 +( di$in(+% din e#ec%e"e +d*erse +"e
+"i$en%+.iei =ndr6/i%e. Acce!%7nd s(!"i$en%e"e, $+ss $edi+ !+%e
s!(ne +$eni"r cee+ ce +ceA%i+ dresc s6 +(d6, i+r dc%rii +(
ce*+ de #eri% !+cien.i"r "r. C+ (r$+re, din !eis+'(" ns%r(
n(%ri.in+" r+ce !+r%e +c($ ind(s%rie de s(!"i$en%e de $i"i+rde
de d"+riW i+r $+'ri%+%e+ cns($+%ri"r +( #s% !6c6"i.i s6 cre+d6
c6 =Ai !% c($!6r+ s6n6%+%e+. Ace+s%+ + #s% ("%i$+ #r$("6 $+rc+
Dr. A%@ins. E" + #s% s(s.in6%r(" (nei die%e B/+%e =n !r%eine,
B/+%e =n /r6si$i 8 s+cri#ic7nd s6n6%+%e+ !e %er$en "(n/ !en%r(
c7A%i/(" !e %er$en sc(r% 8 Ai +!i + s(s.in(% "(+re+ s(!"i$en%e"r
s+"e !en%r( + #+ce #+.6 "+ cee+ ce e" + n($i%, ci%6$I !rB"e$e"e
c$(ne +"i$en%+re> ce c(!rind cns%i!+.i+, !#%+ d(!6 d("ce,
#+$e+, re%en.i+ de "ic)ide, Bse+"+, ner*Ci%+%e+ Ai ins$ni+.
J
Ace+s%6 s%r+%e/ie de c7A%i/+re Ai $en.inere + s6n6%6.ii c(
+'(%r(" s(!"i$en%e"r n(%ri%i*e + =nce!(% s6 i+ +$!"+re =n%re
JOOP8JOOS !rin in*es%i/+.i+ !e sc+r6 "+r/6 + e#ec%e"r s(!"i$en%e"r
c( Be%+8c+r%en F(n !rec(rsr +" *i%+$inei AG +s(!r+ c+ncer("(i de
!"6$7n Ai +s(!r+ +"%r B"i. D(!6 #"sire+ %i$! de !+%r( !7n6 "+
!% +ni + s(!"i$en%e"r, c+ncer(" de !"6$7ni n( s8+ red(s +A+ c($
se +A%e!%+, ci + cresc(%H Ti nici !en%r( !re*enire+ B"ii de ini$6 n(
s8+ d*edi% nici (n Bene#ici( de !e (r$+ s(!"i$en%e"r c( *i%+$in+
A Ai E.
De +%(nci, +( #s% cnd(se (n $+re n($6r de +"%e =ncerc6ri
ce cs%6 $i"i+ne de d"+ri, !en%r( + de%er$in+ d+c6 *i%+$ine"e A,
C Ai E !re*in B+"+ de ini$6 Ai c+ncer(". Recen% +( #s% !(B"ic+%e
d(6 re#er+%e i$!r%+n%e "e/+%e de +ces%e =ncerc6ri.
PL
Cerce%6%rii
+#ir$6, Ai s(n% c(*in%e"e "r, c6 n( +( !(%(% de%er$in+ B+"+n.+ de
Bene#icii Ai !re'(dicii +"e (%i"iC6rii de r(%in6 + s(!"i$en%e"r c(
*i%+$in+ A, C s+( EW +
$("%i*i%+$ine"r c( +cid #"ieW s+( + c$Bin+.ii"r c( +n%i<id+n.i
!en%r( !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i s+( + B"ii c+rdi*+sc("+re.>
P
B+ c)i+r
+( rec$+nd6ri =$!%ri*+ #"sirii s(!"i$en%e"r c( Be%+8c+r%en.
N( %reB(ie s6 se =n.e"e+/6 c6 +ceA%i n(%rien.i n8+r #i
i$!r%+n.i. Ei s(n% 8=ns6 d+r +%(nci c7nd s(n% cns($+.i c+
+"i$en%e, n( c+ s(!"i$en%e. Se!+r+re+ n(%rien.i"r Ai =ncerc+re+ de
+ B.ine din ei +ce"e+Ai Bene#icii c+ din +"i$en%e"e in%e/r+"e d6 !e
#+.6 i/nr+n.6 c( !ri*ire "+ $d(" de !er+re +" n(%ri.iei =n
r/+nis$. Un +r%ic" s!eci+" !(B"ic+% recen% =n frfe UorH :imes
>
+r/($en%e+C6 eAec(" +ces%r s(!"i$en%e c( n(%rien.i de + #eri
*re(n #"s d*edi% !en%r( s6n6%+%e. C( %i$!(", +$ =ncredere c6
*$ cn%in(+ s6 desc!eri$> c6, d+c6 ne BiC(i$ !e s(!"i$en%e c(
n(%rien.i iC"+.i !en%r( + ne $en.ine s6n6%+%e+, =n %i$! ce
cn%in(6$ s6 #"si$ die%+ *es%ic6 BiAn(i%6, +ce+s%+ n( *+ #i d+r
risi!6 de B+ni, ci *+ #i Ai (n !%en.i+" !eric".
PRINCIPIUL nr. Q
Nu e-ist& de f$#t nici un nutrient n $limentele de ori%ine
$nim$l& c$re s& nu fie m$i bine
furni'$t de c&tre #l$nte
=n /ener+", es%e crec% + s!(ne c6 rice +"i$en% de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6 +re $("% $+i $("%e +se$6n6ri =n ce !ri*eA%e c$!Ci.i+
n(%rien.i"r c( ce"e"+"%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 dec7% c(
+"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. Ace"+Ai "(cr( es%e *+"+Bi" Ai =n
ce+"+"%6 c+%e/rieW %+%e +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( $("% $+i
$("%e +se$6n6ri c( ce"e"+"%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 dec7% c(
+"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. De e<e$!"(, c)i+r d+c6 !eA%e"e se
deseBeA%e $("% de c+rne+ de *i%6, e" se +se+$6n6 $("% $+i $("% c(
c+rne+ de *i%6 dec7% c( reC(". C)i+r Ai +"i$en%e"e c+re s(n%
e<ce!.ii> de "+ +ces%e re/("i c($ +r #i n(ci"e, se$in.e"e Ai
!rd(se"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 !re"(cr+%e +s%#e" c+ s6 +iB6 (n
cn.in(% red(s
=n /r6si$i, e"e r6$7n %%(Ai =n /r(!e"e dis%inc%e de n(%rien.i de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 s+( de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
A %e +"i$en%+ c( !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 cns%i%(ie
e<!erien.6 c( %%("
T+Be"(" JJ.9I C$!Ci.i+ n(%rien.i"r "+ +"i$en%e
de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 Ai de ri/ine +ni$+"6
F!er L:: c+"rii ener/ieG
Nutrientul
Alimente de ori%ine ve%et$l&
0#&r"i e%$le de ro!ii, s#$n$c,
f$sole, m$'&re, c$rtofi8
Alimente de ori%ine $nim$l&
0#&r"i e%$le de c$rne de vit&,
#orc, #ui, l$#te inte%r$l8
C"es%er" F$/G /\*\ JQ;
Gr6si$i F/G P HC
Pr%eine F/G QQ H?
Be%+8c+r%en F$c/G 9OOJO 13
DiBre +"i$en%+re F/G QJ
5
2i%+$in+ C F$/G 9OQ ?
D"+% F$c/G JJSR 12
2i%+$in+ E F$/hATEG JJ 7,M
Dier F$/G 9: 6
M+/neCi( F$/G LPR M1
C+"ci( F$/G LPL 9L9
di#eri%6 de +cee+ de + %e +"i$en%+ c( !rd(se de ri/ine *e/e%+"6.
C+n%i%6.i"e Ai #e"(ri"e de n(%rien.i din +ces%e d(6 %i!(ri de
+"i$en%e, !reCen%+%e =n %+Be"(i JJQ?-
O
i"(s%re+C6 +ces%e di#eren.e
n(%ri.in+"e iCBi%+re.
D(!6 c($ !(%e.i *ede+, +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 +( =n
$d s(Bs%+n.i+" $+i $(".i +n%i<id+n.i, #iBre Ai $iner+"e dec7%
+"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. De #+!%, +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 s(n% +!r+!e c$!"e% "i!si%e de $+i $(".i din +ceA%i
n(%rien.i. Pe de +"%6 !+r%e, +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, +( $("%
$+i $("% c"es%er" Ai /r6si$i. E"e +( de +se$ene+ c( !(.in $+i
$("%e !r%eine dec7% +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, Ai de
+se$ene+ $+i $("%6 *i%+$in+ BJ9 Ai *i%+$in+ D, deAi !reCen.+
*i%+$inei D se d+%re+C6 =n $+re $6s(r6 #r%i#ic6rii +r%i#ici+"e +
"+!%e"(i c( +ce+s%6 *i%+$in6.Desi/(r, e<is%6 +n($i%e
e<ce!.iiI (ne"e n(ci Ai se$in.e s(n% #+r%e B/+%e =n /r6si$i Ai
!r%eine Fde e<e$!"( +r+)ide"e, se$in.e"e de s(s+nG =n %i$! ce
(ne"e +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 +( =n /ener+" !(.ine /r6si$i,
de+rece "i s8+ =nde!6r%+% /r6si$e+ !rin !rces+re +r%i#ici+"6 Fde
e<e$!"( "+!%e"e s$7n%7ni%G. D+r d+c6 cine*+ cerce%e+C6 $+i
=nde+!r+!e, /r6si$i"e Ai !r%eine"e n(ci"r Ai se$in.e"r s(n%
di#eri%eI e"e s(n% $("% $+i s6n6%+se dec7% ce"e +"e +"i$en%e"r de
ri/ine +ni$+"6. De +se$ene+, e"e s(n% =ns.i%e de +n($i%e
s(Bs%+n.e +n%i<id+n%e in%eres+n%e. Pe de +"%6 !+r%e, +"i$en%e"e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6, !re"(cr+%e, c( cn.in(% sc6C(% =n /r6si$i, cn.in
%%(Ai +n($i%e c+n%i%6.i de c"es%er", $("%e !r%eine Ai #+r%e
!(.ine s+( c)i+r de"c s(Bs%+n.e +n%i<id+n%e Ai #iBre +"i$en%+re,
e<+c% c+ Ai ce"e"+"%e +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. De+rece
n(%rien.ii s(n% =n !rinci!+" res!ns+Bi"i !en%r( e#ec%e"e !ri*ind
s6n6%+%e+ +"i$en%e"r, Ai d+%ri%6 +ces%r di#eren.e $+'re =n cee+
ce !ri*eA%e c$!Ci.i+ n(%rien.i"r =n%re +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 Ai ce"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, n( +r #i, !rin (r$+re, "/ic s6
!res(!(ne$ c6 +r %reB(i s6 ne +A%e!%6$ s6 *ede$ e#ec%e dis%inc%
di#eri%e =n cr!(ri"e n+s%re 8 =n #(nc.ie de c+%e/ri+ de +"i$en%e
!e c+re cns($6$?
Prin de#ini.ie, !en%r( c+ s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 din +"i$en%e s6
#ie (n n(%rien% esen.i+", %reB(ie s6 =n%r(ne+sc6 $+i $("%e cerin.eI
] s(Bs%+n.+ c)i$ic6 es%e neces+r6 !en%r( #(nc.in+re+ s6n6%+s6
+ cr!("(i $enesc
] s(Bs%+n.+ c)i$ic6 %reB(ie s6 #ie ce*+ ce r/+nis$(" ns%r( n(
!+%e !rd(ce e" =ns(Ai Ai de +cee+ %reB(i s6 B.in6 din%r8 s(rs6
din +#+r6.
Un e<e$!"( de s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 ce n( es%e esen.i+"6 es%e
c"es%er"(", (n c$!nen% +" +"i$en%e"r de ri/ine +ni$+"6 c+re
n( e<is%6 =n +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. DeAi c"es%er"(" es%e
esen.i+" !en%r( s6n6%+%e, r/+nis$(" ns%r( !+%e !rd(ce %% cee+
ce +*e$ ne*ieW deci n(
%reB(ie s68J cns($6$ de"c !rin +"i$en%e. De +cee+ e" n( es%e
(n n(%rien% esen.i+".
E<is%6 !+%r( n(%rien.i !e c+re +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6
"e +(, i+r ce"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e, n( "e +(I
c"es%er"(" Ai *i%+$ine"e A, D Ai BJ9. Trei din%re +ces%e+ s(n%
n(%rien.i neesen.i+"i. AA+ c($ s8+ disc(%+% $+i s(s, c"es%er"("
es%e !rd(s de cr!(ri"e n+s%re =n $d n+%(r+". 2i%+$in+ A !+%e
#i !rd(s6 =n r/+nis$(" ns%r( #6r6 di#ic("%+%e din Be%+8c+r%en,
i+r *i%+$in+ D, de +se$ene+ !+%e #i !rd(s6 #6r6 di#ic("%+%e =n
cr!(" ns%r( !(r Ai si$!"( !rin e<!(nere+ !ie"ii "+ "($in+
s+re"(i %i$! de circ+ cincis!reCece $in(%e d+%6 "+ #iec+re d(6
Ci"e. A$Be"e *i%+$ine s(n% %<ice d+c6 s(n% cns($+%e =n c+n%i%6.i
$+ri. Ace+s%+ cns%i%(ie =nc6 (n indic+%r c6 es%e $+i Bine s6 ne
BiC(i$ !e !rec(rsrii de *i%+$ine, Be%+8c+r%en(" Ai "($in+
s+re"(i, +s%#e" c+ r/+nis$(" ns%r( s6 !+%6 cn%r"+ #6r6
di#ic("%+%e $$en%(" Ai c+n%i%6.i"e de *i%+$in+ AAi D de c+re +re
ne*ie.
2i%+$in+ BJ9 es%e $+i !rB"e$+%ic6. 2i%+$in+ BJ9 es%e
!rd(s6 de $icrr/+nis$e c+re se /6sesc =n s" Ai de c6%re
$icrr/+nis$e c+re se /6sesc =n in%es%ine"e +ni$+"e"r, inc"(si*
+"e $("(i. C+n%i%+%e+ !rd(s6 =n in%es%ine"e n+s%re n( es%e
+BsrBi%6 =n $d +dec*+%, de +cee+ es%e rec$+nd+% s6 cns($6$
BJ9 din +"i$en%e. Cerce%6ri"e +( +r6%+% =n $d cn*in/6%r c6
!"+n%e"e cresc(%e !e !6$7n% s6n6%s c+re +re cncen%r+.ie B(n6
de *i%+$in+ BJ9 *r +BsrBi #6r6 di#ic("%+%e +ces% n(%rien%.
J:
T%(Ai, !"+n%e"e cresc(%e !e s"(ri de*i%+"iC+%e> Fs"(ri ne8
r/+niceG s8+r !(%e+ s6 #ie de#ici%+re =n ce !ri*eA%e *i%+$in+ BJ9.
=n S%+%e"e Uni%e $+'ri%+%e+ c("%(ri"r +/ric"e e<is%6 !e s"(ri
re"+%i* "i!si%e de *i+%6, deci$+%e =n (r$+ $("%r +ni de (%i"iC+re +
=n/r6A6$in%e"r nen+%(r+"e, + !es%icide"r Ai erBicide"r. AA+ c6
!"+n%e"e cresc(%e !e +ces%e #e"(ri de s" Ai *7nd(%e =n
s(!er$+r@e%(ri"e n+s%re d(c "i!s6 de *i%+$in+ BJ9. Pe "7n/6
+ce+s%+, ni %r6i$ =n%r8 "($e +%7% de s%eri"iC+%6 =nc7% r+reri
+'(n/e$ =n cn%+c% direc% c( $icrr/+nis$e"e n6sc(%e =n s",
!rd(c6%+re de B" 9. L+ (n $$en% d+% =n is%ri+ n+s%r6, ne+$
"(+% *i%+$in+ BJ9 din *e/e%+"e c+re n(
+( #s% c(r6.+%e de %% !6$7n%(" de !e e"e. De +cee+, n( es%e
nereCn+Bi" s6 !res(!(ne$ c6 +$eric+nii $derni c+re $6n7nc6
!"+n%e #+r%e c(r6.+%e Ai n( cns($6 de"c !rd(se de ri/ine
+ni$+"6, n( !ri$esc s(#icien%6 *i%+$in+ BJ9.
DeAi *iC6$ Bsesi+ scie%6.ii n+s%re !ri*i%+re "+ s(!"i$en%e"e
de n(%rien.i c+re ne dis%r+/e +%en.i+ de "+ +"%e in#r$+.ii "e/+%e de
n(%ri.ie $("% $+i i$!r%+n%e, +ce+s%+ n( =nse+$n6 ne/+re %%+"6,
#6r6 discern6$7n%, + (%i"iC6rii s(!"i$en%e"r. Se es%i$e+C6 c6 ne
de!Ci%6$ *i%+$in+ BJ9 =n r/+nis$ !e %i$! de %rei +ni. D+c6 n(
cns($+.i nici (n #e" de !rd(s de ri/ine +ni$+"6 %i$! de %rei +ni
s+( $+i $("%, s+( d+c6 s(n%e.i #e$eie =ns6rcin+%6 s+( c+re
+"6!%e+C6, +%(nci %reB(ie s6 +*e.i /ri'6 s6 "(+.i din c7nd =n c7nd (n
$ic s(!"i$en% de *i%+$in+ B" 9, s+( s6 $er/e.i "+ $edic +n(+" c+
s6 *6 *eri#ic+.i ni*e"(" din s7n/e +" *i%+$inei BJ9 Ai +"
)$cis%einei. De +se$ene+, d+c6 n( *6 e<!(ne.i "+ s+re
nicid+%6, =n s!eci+" =n "(ni"e de i+rn6, es%e !siBi" s6 +*e.i ne*ie
de (n s(!"i$en% de *i%+$in+ D. E( *6 rec$+nd s6 "(+.i ce+ $+i
$ic6 dC6 !e c+re /6si.i Ai s6 de!(ne.i $+i $("% e#r% c+ s6 ieAi.i
+#+r6 "+ "($in+ s+re"(i. E( n($esc +ces%e s(!"i$en%e se!+r+re
de !i"("e"e n+%(rii>, de+rece +"i$en%+.ie s6n6%+s6, c( +"i$en%e
r/+nice de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 cresc(%e !e (n !6$7n% #er%i" Ai (n s%i"
de *i+%6 !rin c+re ieAi.i =n $d re/("+% +#+r6 din c+s6 cns%i%(ie
ce"e $+i B(ne r6s!(ns(ri "+ +ces%e !rB"e$e. Re=n%+rcere+ "+
$d(" n+%(r+" de *i+.6 =n +ces% #e" ne *+ #eri Ai nen($6r+%e +"%e
Bene#icii.
(*INCI(IUL nr9 ?
Num$i %enele nu determin& $#$ri"i$ bolii9
:enele func"ione$'& num$i d$c& sunt $ctiv$te,
s$u e-#rim$te, i$r nutri"i$ Qo$c& un rol critic n $
determin$ c$re %ene, bune s$u rele, vor fi
e-#rim$te9
P% s6 +#ir$ =n $d cer% c6 ri/ine+ #iec6rei B"i es%e
/ene%ic6. Gene"e n+s%re re!reCin%6 cd(" !en%r( %% ce e<is%6 =n
cr!(ri"e n+s%re, B(n Ai r6(. D6r6 /ene n( +r e<is%+ c+ncer. D6r6
/ene n( +r e<is%+ BeCi%+%e, di+Be% s+( B+"+ de ini$6. Ti #6r6 /ene
n( +r e<is%+ *i+.6.
Ace+s%+ !+%e e<!"ic+ de ce ni c)e"%(i$ s(%e de $i"i+ne
de d"+ri =ncerc7nd s6 =n.e"e/e$ c+re /ene !rd(c c(%+re B+"6 Ai
=n ce #e" !(%e$[ +d(ce "+ %6cere /ene"e !eric("+se. Ace+s%+
e<!"ic6 de +se$ene+ de ce (ne"e #e$ei %inere, !er#ec% s6n6%+se
+cce!%6 s68Ai e<%ir!e s7nii !(r Ai si$!"( !en%r( c6 +( +#"+% c6 s(n%
!(r%6%+re de /ene c+re +( "e/6%(r6 c( c+ncer(" de s7n. Ace+s%+
e<!"ic6 de ce $+'ri%+%e+ res(rse"r !en%r( A%iin.6 Ai s6n6%+%e din
deceni(" %rec(% +( #s% =ndre!%+%e s!re cerce%+re+ /ene%ic6. N($+i
"+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i +( #s% s%r7nAi L:: $i"i+ne d"+ri !en%r(
+ se cre+ Life Sciences 2ni)iative FIni.i+%i*+ !en%r( T%iin.e"e 2ie.iiG.
Ace+s%6 ini.i+%i*6 !r$i%e s6 sc)i$Be !en%r( %%de+(n+ #e"(" =n
c+re es%e cnd(s6 Ai !red+%6 =n (ni*ersi%+%e cerce%+re+ A%iin.ei
*ie.ii.> C+re es%e (n(" din sc!(ri"e !rinci!+"e +"e !r/r+$("(i?
S6 in%e/reCe #iec+re disci!"in6 A%iin.i#ic6 =n c+dr(" ($Bre"ei
+%%c(!rinC6%+re + cerce%6rii /ene%ice. Aces%+ re!reCin%6 ce" $+i
$+re e#r% A%iin.i#ic din is%ri+ Uni*ersi%6.ii Crne"i.>
In $+re !+r%e =ns6 +ce+s%6 cncen%r+re +s(!r+ /ene"r !ierde
din *edere (n !(nc% si$!"(, d+r cr(ci+"I n( %+%e /ene"e s(n%
e<!ri$+%e !e de!"in Ai %% %i$!(". D+c6 e"e n( s(n% +c%i*+%e, s+(
e<!ri$+%e, e"e r6$7n in+c%i*e din !(nc% de *edere Bic)i$ic.
Gene"e in+c%i*e n( +( nici (n e#ec% +s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii n+s%re. Aces%
"(cr( es%e e*iden% +%7% !en%r( $+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r de A%iin.6, c7%
Ai !en%r( $(".i
+$eni de r7nd, =ns6 se$ni#ic+.i+ ideii es%e r+reri =n.e"e+s6. Ce
+n($e se =n%7$!"6 +s%#e" =nc7% s6 de%er$ine c+ (ne"e /ene s6
r6$7n6 in+c%i*e i+r +"%e"e s6 se e<!ri$e? R6s!(ns("I $edi(", Ai =n
s!eci+" +"i$en%+.i+.
D"sind din n( +n+"/ie +n%eri+r6, es%e (%i" s6 ne
/7ndi$ "+ /ene c+ "+ niA%e se$in.e. AA+ c($ A%ie rice /r6din+r,
se$in.e"e n( se *r %r+ns#r$+ =n !"+n%e d+c6 n( +( (n !6$7n%
B/+% =n n(%rien.i, +!6 Ai s+re. Ti nici /ene"e n( *r #i e<!ri$+%e
d+c6 n( +( (n $edi( cres!(nC6%r. In r/+nis$(" ns%r(,
+"i$en%+.i+ re!reCin%6 #+c%r(" de $edi( c+re de%er$in6 +c%i*i%+%e+
/ene"r. AA+ c($ +$ *6C(% =n c+!i%"(" %rei, /ene"e c+re !rd(c
c+ncer(" +( #s% !r#(nd in#"(en.+%e de cns($(" de !r%eine. A$
*6C(% =n /r(!(" $e( de s%(di( c6 s8+( !(%(% +c%i*+ s+( in+c%i*+
/ene"e re"e !(r Ai si$!"( !rin $di#ic+re+ +!r%("(i de !r%eine de
ri/ine +ni$+"6.
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, desc!eriri"e n+s%re din cerce%6ri"e
#6c(%e =n C)in+ +( +r6%+% c6 indi*iCii din +!r<i$+%i* +ce"+Ai c+dr(
e%nic !reCin%6 #rec*en.e +"e B"i"r ce *+ri+C6 enr$. Des!re
+ceA%i +$eni se s!(ne c6 +( /ene +se$6n6%+re, Ai %%(Ai ei se
=$B"n6*esc de B"i di#eri%e =n #(nc.ie de $edi(" =n c+re %r6iesc.
Keci de s%(dii +( +r/($en%+% c6 +%(nci c7nd +$enii $i/re+C6, ei
!rei+( risc(" de B+"6 +" .6rii =n c+re se $(%6. Ei n( =Ai sc)i$B6
/ene"e, Ai c( %+%e +ces%e+ c+d !r+d6 B"i"r Ai s(#erin.e"r c(
#rec*en.e c+re s(n% r+re =n r7nd(" !!("+.iei din .+r+ "r n+%+"6.
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, +$ *6C(% c6 r+%+ B"i"r se sc)i$B6 =n
dec(rs(" %i$!("(i +%7% de dr+s%ic =nc7% es%e i$!siBi" din !(nc% de
*edere Bi"/ic s6 d6$ *in+ !e /ene. =n d(6Ceci Ai cinci de +ni,
!rcen%(" !ers+ne"r BeCe din !!("+.i+ n+s%r6 s8+ d(B"+%, de "+
JL^ "+ Q:^. =n !"(s, di+Be%(", B+"+ de ini$6 Ai $("%e +"%e B"i +"e
+#"(en.ei +( #s% r+re !7n6 n( de$("%, i+r cd(" ns%r( /ene%ic es%e
c"+r c6 n( s8+ sc)i$B+% =n $d se$ni#ic+%i* =n ("%i$ii 9L,J:: s+(
c)i+r L:: de +ni.
AA+ c6, =n %i$! ce !(%e$ s!(ne c6 /ene"e s(n% esen.i+"e
!en%r( #iec+re !rces Bi"/ic, +*e$ d*eCi #+r%e cn*in/6%+re
c6 e<!ri$+re+ /ene"r es%e c( $("% $+i
i$!r%+n%6, +ce+s%+ #iind cn%r"+%6 de c6%re $edi(, =n s!eci+" de
+"i$en%+.ie.
O +"%6 nes6B(in.6 + +ces%ei cerce%6ri /ene%ice es%e
!res(!(nere+ c6 =n.e"e/ere+ /ene"r n+s%re cns%i%(ie (n "(cr(
si$!"(. De e<e$!"(, recen%, cerce%6%rii +( s%(di+% re/"+re+
/ene%ic6 + /re(%6.ii "+ s!ecie de *ier$i $in(sc("i.
J9
O+$enii de
A%iin.6 +( %rec(% !rin JS;L; de /ene, "e8+( in+c%i*+% !e #iec+re =n
!+r%e Ai +( s%(di+% e#ec%(" +s(!r+ /re(%6.ii. Ei +( desc!eri% PJ;
/ene c+re +#ec%e+C6 /re(%+%e+. De"(" =n c+re +ces%e s(%e de /ene
in%er+c.ine+C6 !e %er$en "(n/ (ne"e c( +"%e"e Ai c( $edi(" =n
cn%in(6 %r+ns#r$+re !en%r( + $di#ic+ /re(%+%e+ =n !"(s s+( =n
$in(s cns%i%(ie (n $is%er e<%re$ de c$!"e<. Ge%)e + s!(s
d+%6I Ni c(n+A%e$ c( !reciCie d+r +%(nci c7nd c(n+A%e$
!(.inW c6ci =ndi+"+ creA%e d+%6 c( c(nA%in.+>.>
E<!ri$+re+ cd("(i ns%r( /ene%ic re!reCin%6 (n (ni*ers de
in%er+c.i(ni Bic)i$ice, de c$!"e<i%+%e +!r+!e in#ini%6. Aces%
(ni*ers> Bic)i$ic in%er+c.ine+C6 c( $(".i$e de +"%e sis%e$e,
inc"(si* +"i$en%+.i+, c+re, "+ r7nd(8i, s(Bs($e+C6 sis%e$e =n%re/i
de Bic)i$ie c$!"e<6. O d+%6 c( cerce%+re+ /ene%ic6 B6n(iesc c6
ne8+$ +n%ren+% =n%r8 c6(%+re de +n*er/(r6 ce *iCe+C6 A(n%+re+
n+%(rii, d+r !en%r( + s#7rAi $+i r6( de c($ +$ =nce!(%.
O+re %+%e +ces%e+ =nse+$n6 c6 e( cnsider /ene"e
nei$!r%+n%e? Desi/(r c6 n(. D+c6 "(+.i di +$eric+ni c+re %r6iesc
=n +ce"+Ai $edi( Ai =i )r6ni.i c( +cee+Ai $7nc+re c( c+rne =n #iec+re
Ci %+%6 *i+.+ "r, e( n( *i #i s(r!rins s6 +(d c6 (n(" + $(ri% de
+%+c de crd "+ *7rs%+ de cinciCeci Ai !+%r( de +ni, i+r ce"6"+"% +
$(ri% de c+ncer "+ *7rs%+ de !%Ceci de +ni. Ce e<!"ic6 di#eren.+?
Gene"e. Gene"e s(n% ce"e c+re ne d+( !redis!Ci.ii"e. T.i +*e$
risc(ri di#eri%e de B+"6 d+%ri%6 /ene"r n+s%re di#eri%e. =ns6, =n
%i$! ce n( *$ A%i nicid+%6 =n $d e<+c% "+ c+re risc(ri s(n%e$
!redis!(Ai, A%i$ %%(Ai =n ce #e" s6 .ine$ s(B cn%r" +ces%e risc(ri.
=n ci(d+ /ene"r n+s%re, c( %.ii ne !(%e$ =$B(n6%6.i A+nse"e de +
ne e<!ri$+ /ene"e s6n6%+se #erind cr!(ri"r n+s%re $edi(" ce"
$+i B(n c( !(%in.6, +dic6 ce+ $+i B(n6 +"i$en%+.ie. C)i+r d+c6 cei
c#i +$eric+ni din e<e$!"(" de $+i s(s +( $(ri% din c+(C+ (nr
B"i di#eri%e "+ *7rs%e di#eri%e, es%e =n%r( %%(" !"+(CiBi" c+ +$7ndi
s6 #i !(%(% %r6i $("% $+i $(".i +ni Ai c( $+i B(n6 c+"i%+%e + *ie.ii,
d+c6 s8+r #i +"i$en%+% c( )r+n6 !%i$6.
(*INCI(IUL nr9 M
Nutri"i$ #o$te control$ n mod subst$n"i$l
efectele $dverse $le subst$n"elor chimice
v&t&m&to$re #entru s&n&t$te9
In !res6 +!+r cn%in(( re"+%6ri des!re s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice
c+re !rd(c c+ncer. Acri"+$id+, =nd("ci%rii +r%i#ici+"i,
ni%rs+$ine"e, ni%ri.ii, +"+r(", +$ine"e )e%ercic"ice Ai +#"+%<in+,
%+%e +ces%e+ +( +*(% "e/6%(r6 c( c+ncer(" =n s%(dii"e
e<!eri$en%+"e e#ec%(+%e.
E<is%6 !erce!.ie "+r/ s(s.in(%6 c6 +ce+s%6 B+"6, c+ncer(",
es%e !rd(s6 de s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice %<ice c+re !6%r(nd =n cr!("
ns%r( =n%r8(n $d sinis%r(. De e<e$!"(, +$enii ci%e+C6 +dese+
=n/ri'r+re+ c( !ri*ire "+ s6n6%+%e !en%r( +8Ai '(s%i#ic+ !Ci.i+ #+.6
de !$!+re+ de +n%iBi%ice Ai )r$ni =n +ni$+"e"e din #er$e.
Pres(!(nere+ es%e c6 +"i$en%+.i+ c( c+rne +r #i si/(r6 d+c6 n( +r
+*e+ +ce"e !rd(se c)i$ice nen+%(r+"e =n e+. De #+!%, !eric"("
re+" c( !ri*ire "+ c+rne =" cns%i%(ie deCec)i"iBr(" din%re n(%rien.i,
indi#eren% d+c6 e<is%6 s+( n( e<is%6 +ce"e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice
*6%6$6%+re =n e+. O+$enii +( =nce!(% s6 se =$B"n6*e+sc6 %%
$+i $("% de c+ncer Ai de B+"6 de ini$6 c( $("% %i$! =n+in%e c+
s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice $derne s6 #ie in%rd(se =n +"i$en%e"e
n+s%re, +%(nci c7nd +( =nce!(% s6 cns($e %% $+i $("%e +"i$en%e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
Un e<e$!"( s(/es%i* c( !ri*ire "+ ne'(s%i#ic+%+ =n/ri'r+re +
!(B"ic("(i !en%r( s6n6%+%e> *iC+*i de s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice ="
cns%i%(ie in*es%i/+.i+ #+r%e =nde"(n/+%6, ce + cs%+% Q: $i"i+ne
d"+ri, + r+%e"r =n+"%e de c+ncer de s7n din Ln/ Is"+nd, Ne3
?r@, "+ c+re ne8+$ re#eri% =n c+!i%"(" !%. Aici se !6re+ c6
s(Bs%+n.e"e c)i$ice cn%+$in+n%e din +n($i%e "c+.ii ind(s%ri+"e
er+( *in*+%e !en%r( c+ncer(" de s7n "+ #e$ei"e c+re %r6i+( =n
!re+'$6.
=ns6 +ce+s%6 !*es%e !rs% cnce!(%6 s8+ d*edi% c6 n( +re nici (n
%e$ei.
O +"%6 =n/ri'r+re !ri*ind c+rcin/enii c)i$ici e<is%6 =n '(r("
+cri"+8$idei, c+re se /6seA%e =n !rinci!+" =n +"i$en%e"e !rces+%e
s+( !r6'i%e, c($ +r #i c)i!s(ri"e de c+r%#i. I$!"ic+.i+ es%e c6, d+c6
+$ !(%e+ s6 =nde!6r%6$ e#ec%i* +ce+s%6 s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 din
c)i!s(ri"e de c+r%#i, ei n8+r $+i #i d6(n6%ri, deAi cn%in(6 s6 #ie
#+r%e nes6n6%Ai, #iind =n #+!% niA%e #e"ii de c+r%#i =$BiB+%e
e<cesi* c( /r6si$e Ai s+re.
Se !+re c6 $(".i din%re ni dri$ s6 /6si$ (n .+! is!6Ai%r.
N( *re$ s6 +(Ci$ c6 $7nc6r(ri"e n+s%re #+*ri%e cns%i%(ie
!rB"e$6 din c+(C+ cn.in(%("(i "r n(%ri%i*.
=n c+!i%"(" Q +$ *6C(% c6 e#ec%e"e !%en.i+"e +"e +#"+%<inei,
s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 des!re c+re s8+ %% %r7$Bi.+% c6 es%e !(%ernic
c+rcin/en6, +( !(%(% #i =n =n%re/i$e cn%r"+%e !rin n(%ri.ie. C)i+r
Ai c( dCe $+ri de +#"+%<in6 AB"+nii !(%e+( #i s6n6%Ai, +c%i*i Ai
#6r6 c+ncer d+c6 er+( )r6ni.i c( +"i$en%e s6r+ce =n !r%eine. A$
*6C(% de +se$ene+ c($ desc!eriri $inre !% !rd(ce A%iri
B$B+s%ice de #iec+re d+%6 c7nd es%e $en.in+% c+ncer(". De
e<e$!"(, d+c6 +ni$+"e"e de e<!eri$en% +( inciden.6 cresc(%6 +
c+ncer("(i d(!6 e<!(neri "+ dCe !+n%+/r(e"ice, des!re +/en%("
c)i$ic se *+ %r7$Bi.+ c6 es%e c+(C6 de c+ncer, +A+ c($ + #s%
c+C(" NSAR F*eCi c+!i%"(" QG Ai +" ni%ri.i"r. C( %+%e +ces%e+, c+
Ai =n c+C(" /ene"r, +c%i*i%6.i"e s(Bs%+n.e"r c)i$ice c+nceri/ene
s(n% cn%r"+%e =n !ri$(" r7nd de n(%rien.ii !e c+re =i in/er6$ !rin
+"i$en%e.
AA+d+r, ce ne s!(n +ces%e e<e$!"e? =n %er$eni !r+c%ici, n(
=.i #+ci cine A%ie ce $+re Bine d+c6 $6n7nci c+rne de *i%6 r/+nic6
=n "c de c+rne de *i%6 cn*en.in+"6 c+re + #s% =ndes+%6 c(
c)i$ic+"e. C+rne+ de *i%6 s8+r !(%e+ s6 #ie ce*+ $+i s6n6%+s6,
=ns6 e( n( +A s!(ne nicid+%6 c6 +ce+s%+ es%e +"e/ere si/(r6.
A$Be"e %i!(ri de c+rne +( (n !r#i" si$i"+r de n(%rien.i.
Es%e (%i" s6 re#"ec%6$ +s(!r+ +ces%(i !rinci!i( Ai =n +"% $dI
B+"6 crnic6 c($ es%e c+ncer(" +re ne*ie de +ni de Ci"e !en%r( +
se deC*"%+. Ace"e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice c+re ini.i+C6 c+ncer(" s(n%
+dese+ ce"e c+re #+c Biec%(" %i%"(ri"r
de +r%ic"e =n !res6. Cee+ ce n( +!+re =ns6 =n +ce"e %i%"(ri c( "i%ere
$+ri es%e #+!%(" c6 !rces(" B"ii cn%in(6 $("% %i$! d(!6 ini.iere,
Ai !+%e #i +cce"er+% s+( re!ri$+% =n #+C+ de =n+in%+re, !rin n(%ri.ie.
C( +"%e c(*in%e, +"i$en%+.i+ es%e ce+ c+re de%er$in6 =n !rinci!+"
d+c6 B+"+ =Ai *+ !rd(ce e#ec%e"e re"e s+( n(.
PR2-<2P2PL nr. S
Acee$!i nutri"ie c$re #revine bo$l$ n st$diile ei
tim#urii 0din$inte de di$%nostic$reQ#o$te
de $semene$ s& sto#e'e s$u s&re%rese'e
bo$l$ n st$diile ei m$i tFr'ii
0du#& di$%nostic$re8
Meri%6 s6 re!e%6$ c6 B"i"e crnice necesi%6 $+i $(".i +ni c+
s6 se deC*"%e. De e<e$!"(, es%e =n /ener+" +cce!%+% #+!%(" c6 (n
c+ncer de s7n se !+%e ini.i+ =n +d"escen.6 d+r n( de*ine
de%ec%+Bi" dec7% d(!6 $en!+(C6H $%a c' s!ar putea s' avem o
mul)ime de femei de v&rst' medie (n Curul nostru cu cancer de s&n
ini)iat (n anii adolescen)ei, care nu va fi detectat dec&t dup'
menopau/'.V[Pen%r( $(".i +$eni +ces% "(cr( se %r+d(ce !rin
n.i(ne+ #+%+"is%6 c6 $+i %7rCi( =n *i+.6 n( $+i s(n% !re+ $("%e de
#6c(%. =nse+$n6 +ce+s%+ c6 #e$ei"e res!ec%i*e +r %reB(i s6 =nce+!6
s6 #($eCe Ai s6 $6n7nce $+i $(".i c+r%#i !r6'i.i c( #ri!%(r6
!en%r( c6 e"e s(n% sr%i%e ric($ $r.ii? Ce #+ce$, .in7nd cn% c6
$(".i din%re ni +*e$ B+"6 crnic6 ini.i+%6 de'+, ce s%6 "+ !7nd6
=n cr!(ri"e n+s%re, +A%e!%7nd s6 e<!"deCe !+%e !es%e decenii de
+c($?
AA+ c($ +$ *6C(% =n c+!i%"(" %rei, c+ncer(" c+re es%e de'+
ini.i+% Ai =n deC*"%+re !e +ni$+"e"e de e<!eri$en%, !+%e #i
=nce%ini%, !ri% s+( c)i+r #6c(% s6 re/reseCe !rin%r8 +"i$en%+.ie
cres!(nC6%+re. Spre norocul nostru, aceea%i alimenta)ie *un'
produce efecte ma0ime asupra s'n't')ii (n orice stadiu al *olii.
A$ *6C(% c6 "+ +$eni cerce%6ri"e +( +r6%+% c6 die%6 c$!"e%
*e/e%+ri+n6 c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, #+ce s6 re/reseCe B+"+ de
ini$6 +*+ns+%6, =i +'(%6 !e BeCi s6
!i+rd6 =n /re(%+%e, Ai =i +'(%6 !e di+Be%ici s6 sc+!e de $edic+$en%e
Ai s6 re*in6 "+ *i+.6 c*+si nr$+"6, *i+.+ din+in%e de + +*e+
di+Be%. Cerce%6ri"e +( +r6%+% de +se$ene+ c6 $e"+n+$e"e
+*+ns+%e, #r$+ #+%+"6 de c+ncer de !ie"e, !% #i +%en(+%e s+(
re/res+%e !rin sc)i$B6ri =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e s%i"(" de *i+%6.[
L
Desi/(r (ne"e B"i se !+re c6 s(n% ire*ersiBi"e. B"i"e
+(%i$(ne s(n% !+%e ce"e $+i =n#ricA6%+re de+rece, d+%6 ce
r/+nis$(" + =nce!(% s6 se =n%+rc6 =$!%ri*+ "(i =ns(Ai, !+%e
de*eni de ne!ri%. Ti c( %+%e +ces%e+, =n $d ("(i%r, c)i+r Ai
(ne"e din +ces%e B"i !% #i =nce%ini%e s+( +%en(+%e !rin die%6.
A$in%i.i8*6 de cerce%6ri"e c+re +r+%6 c6 !7n6 Ai di+Be%icii de %i! J
=Ai !% red(ce $edic+.i+ d+c6 *r cns($+ +"i$en%e"e !%ri*i%e.
S(n% d*eCi c+re +r+%6 c6 Ai +r%ri%+ re($+%id6 !+%e #i =nce%ini%6
!rin die%6,> c+ Ai sc"erC+ $("%i!"6.>
JR
E( cred c6 (n dr+$ de !re*edere #+ce c7% (n c+r de
%r+%+$en%, Ai c( c7% cine*+ =nce!e $+i de*re$e =n *i+.6 s6
cns($e +"i$en%e"e cres!(nC6%+re, c( +%7% $+i Bine *+ #i !en%r(
s6n6%+%e+ s+. =ns6 !en%r( +cei+ c+re +( de'+ de8+ #+ce c( !*+r+
B"ii, %reB(ie s6 n( (i%6$ c6 +"i$en%+.i+ !+%e =nc6 s6 '+ce (n r"
*i%+".
PRINCIPIUL nr. ;
Aliment$"i$ c$re este cu $dev&r$t benefc&#entru o $numit&
bo$l& cronic& v$ fi nfolosul s&n&t&"ii
!i n cee$ ce #rive!te$lte boli/l$ modul %ener$l9
C7nd c6(%+$ s6 /6sesc edi%(r6 (nde s6 !(B"ic +ce+s%6
c+r%e, +$ +*(% =n%7"nire c( red+c%r(" (nei $+ri c+se de edi%(r6 Ai
i8+$ descris +ce"ei d+$ne in%en.i+ $e+ de + cre+ c+!i%"e
s!eci#ice =n c+re se cre"+ +"i$en%+.i+ c( +n($i%e B"i s+( /r(!e
de B"i. C+ (r$+re, red+c%r(" $8+ =n%reB+%I P(%e.i cre+ !"+n(ri c(
die%e s!eci#ice !en%r( #iec+re B+"6, +s%#e" c+ #iec+re c+!i%" s6 n(
cn.in6 +ce"e+Ai rec$+nd6ri> ? C( +"%e c(*in%e, +A !(%e+ s!(ne
+$eni"r s6 $6n7nce =n%r8(n +n($i% #e" d+c6 +( B+"6 de ini$6,
Ai =n
+"% #e" d+c6 +( di+Be%? I$!"ic+.i+, desi/(r, er+ c6 +ce"+Ai !"+n de
n(%ri.ie !en%r( $+i $("%e B"i !(r Ai si$!"( n( +%r+/e, n( es%e
s(#icien% de /(s%+% de !i+.6>.
DeAi +A+ ce*+ +r #i ren%+Bi" !en%r( $+r@e%in/, +ce+s%+ n( +r #i
A%iin.+ +de*6r+%6. Pe $6s(r6 ce +$ +'(ns s6 =n.e"e/ %% $+i $("%
!rcese"e Bic)i$ice din di*erse B"i, +$ +'(ns de +se$ene+ s6
*6d c6 +ces%e B"i +( $("%e "(cr(ri =n c$(n. D+%ri%6 +ces%(i
n($6r i$!resin+n% de "(cr(ri c$(ne, cnc"(Ci+ "/ic6 es%e c6
+"i$en%+.i+ Bene#ic6 =n%r8 direc.ie *+ !rd(ce s6n6%+%e Ai *+
!re*eni B+"+, aproape indiferent care ar fi ea. C)i+r d+c6 die%6
c$!"e% *e/e%+ri+n6, c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e es%e $+i e#icien%6 =n +
%r+%+ B+"+ de ini$6 dec7% c+ncer(" "+ creier, !(%e.i #i si/(ri c6
+ce+s%6 die%6 n( *+ #+ce s6 =n+in%eCe B+"6 =n %i$! ce *+ s%!+
!e ce+"+"%6. E+ n( *+ #i nicid+%6 d6(n6%+re> !en%r(
d($ne+*+s%r6. Ace+s%6 die%6 B(n6 n( !+%e #i dec7% Bene#ic6 "+
$d(" /ener+".
AA+ c6, din !6c+%e, n( +$ #r$("6 di#eri%6, +%r6/6%+re
!en%r( !i+.6, !en%r( #iec+re B+"6 =n !+r%e. A$ !rescri!.ie
die%e%ic6 (nic6. Ti s6 A%i.i c6 n( $6 si$% #r(s%r+% c( !ri*ire "+
e#ec%(" !e c+re +ce+s%6 si%(+.ie "8+r cre+ +s(!r+ *7nC6rii c6r.i"r
$e"e, ci $+i de/r+B6 *re+( s6 *6 s!(n c6 s(n% =nc7n%+% s6 *6 +d(c
"+ c(nA%in.6 c7% de si$!"e s(n% "(cr(ri"e "e/+%e de +"i$en%+.ie Ai
s6n6%+%e. Ace+s%+ re!reCin%6 A+ns6 de + s!("Ber+ =n $+re !+r%e
incrediBi"+ cn#(Cie ce s8+ cre+% =n r7nd(ri"e !(B"ic("(i. D' pute)i
*ucura de s'n'tate deplin' aproape indiferent care ar fi *oala,
pur %i simplu folosind o dieta simpl'.
PR2-<2P2PL nr. R
Aliment$"i$ #otrivit& #roduce s&n&t$te n
to$te domeniile e-isten"ei no$stre9 To$te
sunt n le%&tur& unele cu $ltele9
=n ("%i$+ *re$e cnce!%(" de s6n6%+%e )"is%ic6> + c6!6%+%
$("%e di$ensi(ni. Aces% cnce!% !+%e =nse$n+ $(".i$e de
"(cr(ri !en%r( di#eri%e !ers+ne. M(".i +$eni
=n/r6$6desc =n +ces% cnce!% %+%e #r$e"e Ai +c%i*i%6.i"e de
$edicin6 +"%ern+%i*6>, +A+ c6 $edicin6 )"is%ic6 + +'(ns s6
=nse$ne !res!(nc%(r6, +c(!(nc%(r+, !"+n%e $edicin+"e,
$edi%+.ie, s(!"i$en%e c( *i%+$ine, =n/ri'ire c)ir!r+c%ic6, y/+,
+r$+%er+!ie, Den/ S)(i, $+s+' Ai c)i+r %er+!ie c( s(ne%e.
Cnce!%(+", e( cred =n s6n6%+%e )"is%ic6, d+r n( c+
e<!resie +%%c(!rinC6%+re !en%r( rice #e" de $edicin6
necn*en%in+"6 Ai +deseri ned*edi%6, c+re +!+re =n '(r(" ns%r(.
A"i$en%e"e Ai n(%ri.i+, de e<e$!"(, s(n% de i$!r%+n.6 !rinci!+"6
!en%r( s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6. Prces(" de + $7nc+ re!reCin%6 !+%e ce"
$+i in%i$ cn%+c% !e c+re =" +*e$ c( "($e+ n+s%r6W es%e (n !rces
=n c+dr(" c6r(i+ cee+ ce $7nc6$ de*ine !+r%e din %r(!(" ns%r(.
D+r Ai +"%e e<!erien.e s(n% i$!r%+n%e, c($ +r #i +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6,
s6n6%+%e+ e$.in+"6 Ai $in%+"6, Ai s6n6%+%e+ $edi("(i ns%r(. Es%e
i$!r%+n% s6 =ncr!r6$ +ces%e s#ere di#eri%e =n cnce!%(" ns%r(
c( !ri*ire "+ s6n6%+%e !en%r( c6 %+%e s(n% in%ercnec%+%e. C(
+de*6r+% +ces%+ es%e (n cnce!% )"is%ic. As%#e" de in%ercne<i(ni
"6r/i%e +( de*eni% e*iden%e !en%r( $ine !rin e<!eri$en%e"e #6c(%e
c( +ni$+"e"e. TB"+nii )r6ni.i c( die%e c( +!r% sc6C(% de !r%eine
n( d+r c6 +( #s% cr(.+.i de + #+ce c+ncer de #ic+%, d+r +( +*(% Ai
(n ni*e" sc6C(% +" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in, =n $d *iCiBi" +( #s%
$+i ener/ici Ai #6ce+( de d(6 ri $+i $("%6 $iAc+re #iCic6 dec7%
AB"+nii )r6ni.i c( die%+ c( $("%e !r%eine. D*eCi"e c( !ri*ire "+
ni*e"(" cresc(% de ener/ie +( #s% s(s.in(%e de c+n%i%+%e enr$6
de +r/($en%e +necd%ice !e c+re "e8+$ =n%7"ni% =n dec(rs(" +ni"r.
O+$enii +( $+i $("%6 ener/ie c7nd $6n7nc6 Bine. Ace+s%6
siner/ie din%re n(%ri.ie Ai +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 es%e e<%re$ de
i$!r%+n%6 Ai es%e d*+d+ c6 +ces%e d(6 +s!ec%e +"e *ie.ii n( s(n%
iC"+%e (n(" de ce"6"+"%. C$Bin+re+ +"i$en%+.iei cres!(nC6%+re
c( e<erci.i(" #iCic #er6 $+i $("%6 s6n6%+%e !ers+nei =n c+(C6
dec7% s($+ #iec6rei !6r.i "(+%e indi*id(+".
T%i$ de +se$ene+ c6 +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 +re e#ec% +s(!r+ s%6rii
de Bine e$.in+"e Ai $in%+"e. S8+( s!(s #+r%e $("%e =n "e/6%(r6
c( e#ec%(" !e c+re =" +re +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 +s(!r+ di#eri%e"r
s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice din r/+nis$(" ns%r(, Ai !rin
+ces%e+ +s(!r+ dis!Ci.iei n+s%re Ai + !(%erii de cncen%r+re. Ti,
e<!eri$en%7nd r6s!"+%+ (nei s%6ri de Bine din !(nc% de *edere
e$.in+" Ai #iind $("% $+i +/eri din !(nc% de *edere $in%+",
dB7ndi$ =ncredere+ Ai $%i*+.i+ de + ne %r+%+ c( ce+ $+i B(n6
+"i$en%+.ie, cee+ ce =n%6reA%e =n%re/(" cic"(. Cei c+re se si$% Bine
c( !ri*ire "+ !r!ri+ "r !ers+n6 s(n% $+i dis!(Ai +8Ai res!ec%+
s6n6%+%e+ !rin +d!%+re+ Ai !r$*+re+ (nei die%e
cres!(nC6%+re.
Uneri +$enii =nce+rc6 s6 !(n6 =n c$!e%i.ie !r+c%ici c(
e#ec%e !(se +"e *ie.ii "r. Ei se =n%re+B6 d+c6 !% =nde!6r%+
Bicei(ri"e re"e !ri*ind +"i$en%+.i+ !rin +c%i*i%+%e #iCic6 Fde
e<e$!"( +"er/7ndG. R6s!(ns(" "+ +ce+s%6 c)es%i(ne es%e n(.
Bene#icii"e Ai risc(ri"e die%ei s(n% e<%re$ de i$!r%+n%e Ai =n $d
e*iden% c(+n%i#ic+Bi"e #+.6 de Bene#icii"e Ai risc(ri"e +"%r +c%i*i%6.i.
Pe "7n/6 +ce+s%+, de ce +r *re+ cine*+ s6 =ncerce s+( s6 !(n6 =n
B+"+n.6 Bene#icii"e Ai risc(ri"e c7nd +r !(%e+ s6 se B(c(re de %+%e
Bene#icii"e, c+re "(cre+C6 "+"+"%6? O+$enii se =n%re+B6 de
+se$ene+ d+c6 (n +n($i% Bene#ici( !en%r( s6n6%+%e es%e reC("%+%("
$iAc6rii #iCice s+( es%e d+%ri%6 (nei +"i$en%+.ii !%ri*i%e. =n #in+",
+ce+s%+ es%e d+r =n%reB+re %ere%ic6. Ade*6r(" es%e c6 +ces%e
d(6 s#ere +"e *ie.ii n+s%re s(n% in%i$ in%ercnec%+%e, i+r cee+ ce
es%e i$!r%+n% es%e c6 toate lucrea/' (mpreun'fie pentru a produce
s'n'tate, fie pentru a reduce gradul de s'n'tate.
=n !"(s, $7nc7nd =n $d(" ce" $+i s6n6%s, cn%riB(i$ Ai "+
!r$*+re+ s%6rii de s6n6%+%e + !"+ne%ei n+s%re. 5r6nind(8ne c(
+"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, ni #"si$ $+i !(.in6
+!6, $+i !(.in %eren +/ric", $+i !(.ine res(rse, Ai !rd(ce$ $+i
!(.in6 !"(+re Ai $+i !(.in6 s(#erin.6 +ni$+"e"r n+s%re de #er$6.
,)n RBBins + #6c(% $+i $("% dec7% ric+re +"%6 !ers+n6,
+d(c7nd +ce+s%6 !rB"e$6 =n #+.+ cnA%iin.ei +$eric+ni"r, Ai e( *6
rec$+nd c( insis%en.6 s6 ci%i.i c+r%e+ "(i ce+ $+i recen%6, :he
Eood Revolution FRe*"(.ie =n +"i$en%+.ieG.
A"e/eri"e n+s%re !ri*ind +"i$en%+.i+ +( (n i$!+c% incrediBi"
n( n($+i +s(!r+ $e%+B"is$("(i ns%r(, d+r Ai +s(!r+ ini.ierii,
!r$*6rii Ai c)i+r + re/res6rii B"ii, +s(!r+ ener/iei n+s%re,
+s(!r+ +c%i*i%6.ii n+s%re #iCice, +s(!r+ B(n6s%6rii n+s%re
e$.in+"e Ai $in%+"e Ai +s(!r+ $edi("(i
=ncn'(r6%r. :oate aceste sfere, (n aparen)' separate, suntintim
interconectate.
A$ $en.in+% =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e =n.e"e!ci(ne+ n+%(rii =n
di#eri%e +s!ec%e, Ai, =n ce $6 !ri*eA%e, +$ +'(ns s6 #i( cnA%ien% de
!(%ere+ "(cr6ri"r din "($e+ n+%(r+"6. Ace+s%+ es%e re.e+
$in(n+%6 de s6n6%+%e, de "+ $"ec("e !7n6 "+ cr!(ri"e +$eni"r,
"+ +ni$+"e, !6d(ri, ce+ne Ai "+ +er(" !e c+re =" res!ir6$. Es%e
n+%(r+ "+ "(cr(, de "+ $icrsc!ic "+ $+crsc!ic.
LA U*/A U*/=I,
CUI KI (ASLI
Princi!ii"e s(B"ini+%e =n +ces% c+!i%" +( =nce!(%, din !+r%e+
$e+, c( !rB"e$6 =ndre!%+%6 =n $d =n/(s% +s(!r+ die%ei Ai
c+ncer("(i "+ AB"+ni, c+re s8+ e<%ins +!i "+ (n (ni*ers +"
=n%reB6ri"r =n cn%in(6 e<!+nsi(ne, des!re s6n6%+%e+ $("(i Ai +
scie%6.ii =n =n%re+/+ "($e. =n%r8 $+re $6s(r6, !rinci!ii"e din
+ces% c+!i%" s(n% r6s!(ns(ri"e "+ =n%reB6ri"e c( B6%+ie "(n/6 !e
c+re $i "e8+$ %% !(s =n c(rs(" c+rierei $e"e.
A!"ic+Bi"i%+%e+ +ces%r !rinci!ii n( %reB(ie s6 #ie
s(Bes%i$+%6. M+i i$!r%+n% dec7% +ces% "(cr(, e"e !% cn%riB(i "+
red(cere+ cn#(Ciei din r7nd(" !(B"ic("(i =n ce !ri*eA%e
+"i$en%+.i+ Ai s6n6%+%e+. U"%i$e"e c+!ricii, ce"e $+i ni %i%"(ri Ai
reC("%+%e"e ce"r $+i recen%e s%(dii s(n% +AeC+%e =n%r8(n cn%e<%
!r#i%+Bi". N( %reB(ie s6 s6ri$ c+ +rAi de #iec+re d+%6 c7nd +(Ci$
c6 =nc6 s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6 es%e sc%i%6 c+nceri/en6, de #iec+re
d+%6 c7nd n(6 c+r%e c( (n +"% %i! de die%6 +'(n/e !e r+#%(ri, s+(
de #iec+re d+%6 c7nd (n %i%"( $+re !re%inde c6 reC"*6 B"i"e !rin
cerce%6ri /ene%ice.
P(r Ai si$!"(, ne !(%e$ re"+<+. P(%e$ res!ir+ +d7nc 8cee+ ce
ne es%e $+i (%i" 8 Ai ne !(%e$ +AeC+ "iniA%i.i. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%,
!(%e$ #+ce A%iin.6 =n $d $+i in%e"i/en%, Ai !(%e$ !(ne =n%reB6ri
$+i B(ne !en%r( c6 +*e$ +c($ (n c+dr( s6n6%s =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e +"i$en%+.i+ Ai s6n6%+%e+. De #+!%, ni !(%e$ in%er!re%+
ni"e desc!eriri +*7nd =n $in%e (n cn%e<% $+i "+r/. C( +ce+s%6
n(6 in%er!re%+re +
desc!eriri"r, c+dr(" ns%r( ini.i+" !+%e #i =$B/6.i% s+(
$di#ic+% Ai +s%#e" !(%e$ in*es%i B+nii Ai res(rse"e n+s%re, c+re
s(n% #+r%e i$!r%+n%e, !en%r( s!rire+ s6n6%6.ii scie%6.ii n+s%re.
Bene#icii"e =n.e"e/erii +ces%r !rinci!ii s(n% c(!rinC6%+re Ai
!r#(nde !en%r( indi*iCi, scie%+%e, +ni$+"e"e din '(r(" ns%r( Ai
!"+ne%+ n+s%r6.
16
CUM SX MZNCXM
C7nd #i(" $e( ce" $ic T$ 8 +c($ c"+Br+%r "+ +ce+s%6
c+r%e 8 +*e+ %reis!reCece +ni, #+$i"i+ n+s%r6 se +#"+ =n #+C+ #in+"6 +
%recerii %re!%+%e s!re *e/e%+ri+nis$. =n%r8 d($inic6 di$ine+.+,
T$ s8+ =n%rs de "+ niA%e !rie%eni +!r!i+.i (nde r6$6sese !es%e
n+!%e Ai ne8+ !*es%i% ce*+ ce =nc6 (n $in%e.
C( se+r6 =n+in%e, T$ #(sese s(!(s (n(i in%er/+%ri(, =n%r8
(n $d !rie%ens, c( !ri*ire "+ Bicei(ri"e s+"e +"i$en%+re. Sr+
!rie%en("(i s6( J8+ =n%reB+% !e (n %n sce!%icI T( n( $6n7nci
c+rne?> Di(" $e( n( =Ai '(s%i#ic+se nicid+%6 Bicei(ri"e
+"i$en%+reW e" er+ BiAn(i% s6 $6n7nce cee+ ce er+ !e $+s6. Prin
(r$+re n( er+ BiAn(i% s6 r6s!(nd6 "+ +se$ene+ =n%reB6ri. AA+ c6 +
r6s!(ns si$!"( de %%I N(, n( $6n7nc>, #6r6 s6 +d+(/e +"%e
e<!"ic+.ii.
D+%+ + cn%in(+% s68J iscde+sc6I A%(nci ce $6n7nci?> Di("
$e( + r6s!(ns ridic7nd din ($eriI P6i, cred c6... n($+i !"+n%e.>
E+ + s!(sI O)>, Ai +s%+ + #s% %%(".
M%i*(" !en%r( c+re =$i !"+ce +ce+s%6 !*es%e es%e !en%r( c6
r6s!(ns(" #i("(i $e(, !"+n%e>, + #s% +%7% de si$!"(. A #s% (n
r6s!(ns +de*6r+%, d+r #r$("+% =n%r8 $+nier6 c( %%("
ne%r+di.in+"6. C7nd cine*+ cere A(nc+ din !+r%e+ ce+"+"%6 + $esei
n( s!(neI D68$i, %e r/, B(c+%6 de c+rne din ds(" !rc("(i>,
s+( c7nd cine*+ cere c!ii"r s6 %er$ine de $7nc+% $+C6re+ Ai
$rc*ii, n( Ie s!(ne %er$in+.i de $7nc+% !"+n%e"e>. =ns6 de c7nd
#+$i"i+ $e+ Ai c( $ine ne8+$ sc)i$B+% Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re, +$
+'(ns s6 =$i !"+c6 s6 $6 /7ndesc "+ $7nc+re #ie c+ !"+n%e, #ie c+
+ni$+"e. Ace+s%+ se !%ri*eA%e #i"C#iei $e"e de + !6s%r+
in#r$+.ii"e c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e c7% $+i si$!"e c(
!(%in.6.
=n .+r+ n+s%r6, +"i$en%+.i+ Ai s6n6%+%e+ n( s(n% de"c "(cr(ri
si$!"e. Uneri $6 $in(neC de c$!"e<i%+%e+ di#eri%e"r !"+n(ri
de sc6dere =n /re(%+%e. DeAi +(%rii +( /ri'6 s6 #+c6 rec"+$6
#+!%("(i c6 !"+n(" "r es%e (Ar de (%i"iC+%, =n re+"i%+%e n( es%e
nicid+%6 (Ar. Cei ce (r$e+C6 +ces%e die%e %reB(ie s6 c+"c("eCe
c+"rii"e, !(nc%e"e, !r.ii"e s+( n(%rien.ii s+( s6 $6n7nce +n($i%e
c+n%i%6.i din +n($i%e +"i$en%e, !e B+C+ (nr sc%e"i s!eci#ice,
$+%e$+%ice. TreB(ie (%i"iC+%e +n($i%e ins%r($en%e, %reB(ie "(+%e
s(!"i$en%e Ai %reB(ie c$!"e%+%e #r$("+re. Nici n( e de $ir+re c6
+ces%e+ re(Aesc d+r r+reri.
A $7nc+ %reB(ie s6 #ie e<!erien.6 !"6c(%6 Ai "i!si%6 de /ri'i
Ai n( %reB(ie s6 se BiC(ie !e idee+ c6 e ne*ie s6 ren(n.6$ "+ ce*+.
P6s%r+re+ +ces%(i +c% si$!"( es%e esen.i+"6 d+c6 *re$ s6 ne
B(c(r6$ de )r+n+ !e c+re $7nc6$.
Un+ din ce"e $+i #+*r+Bi"e desc!eriri c( c+re $8+$ =n%7"ni%
=n ni+n(" de cerce%6ri =n d$eni(" n(%ri.iei es%e #+!%(" c6
+"i$en%+.i+ cres!(nC6%+re Ai s%+re B(n6 de s6n6%+%e s(n%
si$!"e. Bi"/i+ re"+.iei din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e es%e e<%re$
de c$!"e<6, %%(Ai $es+'(" es%e si$!"(. Rec$+nd6ri"e c+re
!r*in din "i%er+%(r+ !(B"ic+%6 s(n% +%7% de si$!"e, =nc7% "e !%
!reCen%+ =n%r8 sin/(r6 !r!Ci.ieI D"si.i +"i$en%+.ie c$!"e%
*e/e%+ri+n6, c( +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e Ai red(ce.i "+ $ini$($ !siBi"
+"i$en%e"e r+#in+%e, s+re +d6(/+%6 Ai /r6si$i +d6(/+%e. F2eCi
%+Be"(" (r$6%rG.
CAT=:G*IA :=N=*AT
=-em#le concrete
M7nc+.i %% ce dri.i Fc7% $+i *+ri+%G
din +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, ner+#in+%e,
de ri/ine *e/e%+"+
,ructe;
!r%c+"e, "cr +, @i3i, +rdei rA %i, $ere, c+s%r+*e.i, %$+%e, +*c+d, d*"ecei C(cc)ini,
+#ine, c6!A(ne, +rdei *erde, C$e(r6, d*"e+c, c+c6Ce ne/re, $+n/, *ine%e, !ere,
!e!ene *erde, $eriAr, !+!+i+, /r+!e#r(i%, !iersici
Le/($eW
In#"rescen.eI Brc"i, cn!id6 F( !re+ $("%e #+.6 de *+rie%+%e+
(ri+A6 de in#"rescen.e c$es%iBi"eG T("!ini Ai #r(nCeI s!+n+c, +n/)iri+re, s+"+%6
*erde F%+%e si(ri"eG,
*+rC6, s#ec"6 rn+n/"d, c"+rd, .e"ir%7, s!+r+n/)e", *+rC6 de
Br(<e""es, n+!i, +ndi*e Be"/iene, B(s(ic, !6%r(n'ei, r+B+rB6r,
+"/e $+rine R6d6cinii c+r%#i F%+%e si(ri"eG, s#ec"6, $rc*i, n+!i, ce+!6, (s%(ri,
/rrirnBir, !r+C, ridic)i, n+!i s(edeCi Le/($in+se F!"+n%e !(r%6%+re de sernin.e Ai
c+re #i<e+C6 +C%("GI
#+s"e *erde, si+, $+C6re, +r+)ide, #+s"e +dC(@i, #+s"e ne+/r6,
#+s"e c+nne""ini, n+ (%, "in%e, #+s"e +"B68Ci(!erciI B+By Be""+, Pr%Be"", s)ii%+@e
N(c2+"(neI n(ci, $i/d+"e,n(ci !ec+n, c+s)e3, +"(ne de !6d(re, #is%ic
Cere+"e in%e/r+"e F=n !7ine, !+s%e, e%c.GI
/r7(, reC, !r($B, $ei, sr/, sec+r6, *6C, rC, %e## cn.%r+d., cere+"6 +#ric+n6d, )riAc6,
+$+r+n%, e%c.
5i cir + .i de c+rBn r+#in+.iI !+s%e #6in+se Fc( e<ce!.i+ ce"r din #6in6 in%e/r+"6G, !7ine+
+"B6, !iAc%(ri, Bisc (i.i, C+)6r, ci ("ei (ri Ai $+'ri%+%e+ !r6'i%(ri"r Ai !rd(se"r de
!+%iserie
U"ei(ri *e/e%+"e +d6(/+%eI
("ei de !r($B, ("ei de +r+)ide, ("ei de $6s"ine
PeA%eI s$n, %n, cd
E*i%+AiI
C+rneI Bi#%ec, +n%ric%, )+$B(r/er cn.%r+d., c+$e %c+%6d, (n%(r6
P+s6reI !(i, c(rc6
Prd(se "+c%+%eI Br7nC6, "+!%e, i+(r%
O(6I (+ Ai !rd(se c( cn.in(% $+re de (6 Fde e<. $+ineC6G
SUPLIMENTE
Se =nc(r+'e+C6 #"sire+ de s(!"i$en%e de *i%+$in+ BJ9, Ai
e*en%(+" Ai de *i%+$in+ D !en%r( !ers+ne"e c+re s%+( =n
$+'ri%+%e+ %i$!("(i =n c+s6 Ai0s+( %r6iesc =n c"i$+%(" nrdic.
Pen%r( *i%+$in+ D n( %reB(ie de!6Ai%6 dC+ Ci"nic6 rec$+nd+%6.
As%+ es%e. Ace+s%+ es%e cee+ ce A%iin.+ +"i$en%+.iei +
cnsider+% c6 es%e =n #"s(" (nei s%6ri B(ne de s6n6%+%e, !en%r( +
+*e+ c7% $+i !(.ine B"i de ini$6, c+ncer, BeCi%+%e Ai $("%e +"%e
B"i *es%ice.
C= KNS=A/NL A *=DUC= LA /INI/U/I
T*=)UI= =LI/INATL CA*N=A CG/(L=TI
Desc!eriri"e din S%(di(" C)in+ +r+%6 c6, c( c7% es%e $+i
sc6C(% !rcen%(" de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c( +%7% s(n% $+i
$+ri Bene#icii"e =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e s6n6%+%e+ 8 c)i+r Ai +%(nci c7nd
!rcen%+'(" sc+de de "+ J:^ "+ :^ c+"rii. AA+ c6 es%e r+.in+" s6
!res(!(ne$ c6 !rcen%(" !%i$ de !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6
es%e Cer, ce" !(.in !en%r( !ers+ne"e c( !redis!Ci.ii !en%r(
B+"6 de/ener+%i*6.
=ns6 +ces% "(cr( n( + #s% d*edi% =n $d +Bs"(%. C(
si/(r+n.6 es%e +de*6r+% c6 $+'ri%+%e+ Bene#icii"r !en%r( s6n6%+%e
s(n% re+"iC+%e "+ ni*e"(ri #+r%e red(se de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6, !+%e n( c)i+r "+ ni*e"(" Cer.
S#+%(" $e( es%e s6 =ncerc+.i s6 e"i$in+.i %+%e !rd(se"e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 din +"i$en%+.i+ d($ne+*+s%r6, d+r s6 n( #+ce.i
Bsesie din +ces% "(cr(. D+c6 s(!6 *e/e%+"6 +re c+ B+C6 Ce+$+ =n
c+re s8+ #ier% B(c+%6 de "+ (n !(i, s+( d+c6 #e"ie s6n6%+s6 de
!7ine in%e/r+"6 +re =n e+ c+n%i%+%e in#i$6 de (, n( *6 =n/ri'r+.i
c( !ri*ire "+ +ce+s%+. Ce" $+i !rB+Bi", +ces%e c+n%i%6.i, n( s(n%
i$!r%+n%e din !(nc% de *edere n(%ri.in+". Ti $+i i$!r%+n% dec7%
+%7%, !siBi"i%+%e+ de + n( #i s%res+% de c+n%i%6.i"e $in(sc("e de
+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 #+ce c+ +ces% #e" de +"i$en%+.ie s6 #ie
$("% $+i (Ar de !(s =n !r+c%ic6 8=n s!eci+" +%(nci c7nd $7nc6$
=n r+A s+( c($!6r6$ +"i$en%e de'+ !re!+r+%e.
Rec$+nd7nd(8*6 s6 n( *6 =n/ri'r+.i c( !ri*ire "+ c+n%i%6.i
$ici de !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 =n )r+n+ d($ne+*+s%r6, e( n(
*6 s(/ereC s6 !"6n(i.i =n+dins s6 =ncr!r+.i $ici !r.ii de c+rne =n
)r+n+ *+s%r6 de #iec+re
Ci. Rec$+nd+re+ $e+ es%e s6 =ncerc+.i s6 e*i%+.i %+%e !rd(se"e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
S(n% %rei $%i*e e<ce"en%e c+ s6 $er/e.i !7n6 "+ c+!6%, =n
!ri$(" r7nd, c+ s6 (r$+.i +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie es%e ne*ie de
sc)i$B+re r+dic+"6 + $d("(i de /7ndire c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie.
2+ #i $+i $("% de "(cr( d+c6 *8+.i !ri "+ '($6%+%e+ dr($("(i.
D+c6 *e.i !"+ni#ic+ !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6, "e *e.i $7nc+ 8 Ai
+!r+!e $+i $("% c+ si/(r *e.i $7nc+ $+i $("% dec7% +r %reB(i. In
+" di"e+ r7nd, *6 *e.i si$.i "i!si% de +n($i%e "(cr(ri. =n "c de +
!ri*i n(" $d de + *6 +"i$en%+ =n $d !Ci%i* 8 c6 !(%e.i $7nc+
rice +"i$en% de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 dri.i, *e.i !ri*i +"i$en%+.i+ c+
ce*+ ce *6 i$!(ne "i$i%e, cee+ ce n( *6 *+ cnd(ce s!re deciCi+
de + #"si +ce+s%6 die%6 !e %er$en "(n/.
D+c6 !rie%en(" %6( + #s% #($6%r %+%6 *i+.+ Ai *ine I+ #ine s68
.i ce+r6 s#+%, ce i8+i s!(ne, s6 n( $+i #($eCe dec7% d(6 .i/6ri !e
Ci, s+( i8+i s!(ne s6 se "+se c$!"e% de #($+%? C+$ =n direc.i+
+ce+s%+ *re+( s6 *6 s!(n c6 $der+.i+, c)i+r c( ce"e $+i B(ne
in%en.ii, !(ne !iedici =n c+"e+ s(cces("(i.
E (GSI)IL ACEST LUC*UI
Pen%r( $+'ri%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r, idee+ de + ren(n.+ =n #+!% "+
%+%e !rd(se"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 8 c+rne de *i%6, !+s6re, !eA%e,
Br7nC6, "+!%e Ai (6 8 !+re i$!siBi". Es%e c+ Ai c($ "e8+%i cere s6
n( $+i res!ire. Idee+ =n sine "i se !+re ci(d+%6, #+n+%ic6 s+(
#+n%+s%ic6.
Aces% "(cr( cns%i%(ie ce" $+i $+re Bs%+c" !en%r( +d!%+re+
(nei +"i$en%+.ii de ri/ine *e/e%+"6I $+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r c+re
+(d de e+ n( i+( =n seris, =n ci(d+ Bene#icii"r i$!resin+n%e
!en%r( s6n6%+%e.
D+c6 eA%i (n(" din%re +ceA%i +$eni 8 d+c6 .i se !+r in%eres+n%e
+ces%e desc!eriri, d+r A%ii =n ini$+ %+ c6 n( *ei #i nicid+%6 =n
s%+re s6 ren(n.i "+ c+rne 8 +%(nci s(n% si/(r c6, ric7% de $("%e
disc(.ii se *r !(r%+, e"e n( %e *r cn*in/e *red+%6 s6 %e
r6C/7ndeA%i.
TreB(ie s6 =ncerci.
Acrd68.i "(n6. T+%6 *i+.+ +i $7nc+% c)eeseB(r/erW n( s6
$ri "(n6 d+c6 n( $6n7nci. O "(n6 n( re!reCin%6 s(#icien% %i$!
c+ s6 +c($("eCi niA%e Bene#icii, d+r es%e %i$! s(#icien% !en%r( +
desc!eri !+%r( "(cr(riI
J. =n%re +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 e<is%6 (ne"e !e c+re
+"%#e" n( "e8+i #i desc!eri% nicid+%6. N( *ei $7nc+ %% ce *rei, e
+de*6r+% Fdrin.+ d(!6 c+rne d(re+C6 $+i $("% de "(n6G, d+r *ei
$7nc+ $(".i$e de +"i$en%e #+r%e /(s%+se Ai de"ici+se.
9.N( es%e c)i+r +A+ de r6(. Unii +$eni se BiAn(iesc #+r%e
re!ede c( +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie Ai "e !"+ce $("%. Unr+ "e s(n%
neces+re "(ni de Ci"e c+ s6 se BiAn(i+sc6 c( e+. =ns6 +!r+!e %.i
cnsider6 c6 e $("% $+i (Ar dec7% +( creC(%.
Q.Te *ei si$.i $+i Bine. C)i+r Ai d(!6 "(n6, $+'ri%+%e+
+$eni"r se *r si$.i $+i Bine Ai es%e !siBi" c)i+r s6 s"6Be+sc6.
S7n/e"e %reB(ie s6 =Ai #+c6 %re+B+, Ai =n+in%e, Ai d(!6. S(n% A+nse s6
*eCi =$B(n6%6.iri s(Bs%+n.i+"e c)i+r Ai =n +ce+s%6 !eri+d6 de %i$!.
P.Ce" $+i i$!r%+n%, *ei desc!eri c6 es%e !siBi". Die c6 =.i
!"+ce +ce+s%6 die%6, #ie c6 n(, ce" !(.in *ei A%i c6 +i $ers !7n6 "+
c+!6% c( =ncerc+re+ %+ de8 "(n6, Ai A%ii c6 es%e !siBi". D+c6 +"e/i
s6 #+ci +s%+, *ei *ede+ c6 !.i. T+%e Bene#icii"e !en%r( s6n6%+%e
!reCen%+%e =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e n( s(n% n($+i !en%r( c6"(/6rii %iBe%+ni
s+( #+n+%icii s!+r%+ni. Ti %( %e !.i B(c(r+ de e"e. Es%e +"e/ere+ %+.
Pri$+ "(n6 !+%e #i /re+, d+r d(!6 +cee+ es%e $("% $+i (Ar.
Ti !en%r( $(".i, de*ine $+re !"6cere.
T%i( c6 e /re( de creC(% !7n6 c7nd n( e<!eri$en%eCi
sin/(r, d+r /(s%(ri"e .i se sc)i$B6 c7nd %reci !e die%+ c( *e/e%+"e.
N( d+r c6 =.i !ierCi /(s%(" !en%r( c+rne, d+r =nce!i s6 Ai desc!eri
ni /(s%(ri, !"6c(%e, "+ c+re er+i indi#eren% +%(nci c7nd $7ne+i =n
!rinci!+" !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6. Un !rie%en + descris +ce+s%+
c+ Ai c7nd +i #i d(s !e s(s "+ (n #i"$ #6r6 s%+r(ri c7nd %( *i+i
ne+!6r+% s6 *eCi ("%i$(" #i"$ de +c.i(ne de "+ 5""y3d. Te d(ci
+c" Bd/6nind, d+r desc!eri, s!re s(r!rindere+ %+, c6 #i"$(" e
/rC+* 8 Ai %e +"e/i c( $("% $+i $("% dec7% d+c6 %e8+i #i d(s "+
ce"6"+"%.
TRANKIIA
D+c6 +cce!.i s(/es%i+ $e+ de + =ncerc+ +"i$en%+.ie !e B+C6
de *e/e%+"e %i$! de "(n6, es%e !siBi" s6 #ii cn#r(n%+% c(
(r$6%+re"e cinci !rB"e$e !rinci!+"eI
] =n !ri$+ s6!%6$7n6 s8+r !(%e+ s6 %e nec6'e+sc6 (n !ic s%$+c(",
#iindc6 sis%e$(" di/es%i* %reB(ie s6 se BiAn(i+sc6. Es%e nr$+" s6
#ie +A+W n( %reB(ie s6 %e =n/ri'reCi Ai de Bicei +ces% "(cr( n(
d(re+C6 $("%.
] 2+ #i ne*ie s6 !(i ce*+ %i$! de!+r%e !en%r( +ce+s%+. S6 n( =.i
!+r6 r6( 8d+c6 +r #i B+"6 de ini$6 s+( c+ncer, Ai +ces%e+ +r cere
%i$!. M+i cncre%, *+ #i ne*ie s6 =n*e.i niA%e re.e%e ni, s6 +i
drin.+ de + =ncerc+ ni #e"(ri de $7nc+re, s6 desc!eri ni
res%+(r+n%e. 2+ %reB(i s6 #ii +%en% "+ /(s%(ri"e %+"e Ai s6 $6n7nci
+ce"e #e"(ri de $7nc+re c+re =.i !"+c c( +de*6r+%. Aici e c)ei+
s(cces("(i.
] 2+ %reB(i s6 %e BiAn(ieA%i din !(nc% de *edere !si)"/ic.
Indi#eren% c7% de $+re e #+r#(ri+, $(".i din%re ni +$ #s% BiAn(i.i
s6 /7ndi$ c6, #6r6 c+rne, $+s+ n( e $+s6 8 =n s!eci+" se+r+ "+ cin6.
2+ %reB(i s6 Bir(i +ce+s%6 !re'(dec+%6.
] N( *ei $+i !(%e+ $er/e "+ +ce"e+Ai res%+(r+n%e, i+r d+c6 es%e
!siBi", desi/(r n( *ei $+i !(%e+ c$+nd+ +ce"e+Ai #e"(ri de
$7nc+re. Ti +ce+s%+ cere ce*+ %i$!.
] S8+r !(%e+ s6 n( #ii =nc(r+'+% =n +ce+s%6 direc.ie de c6%re
!rie%eni, #+$i"ie Ai c"e/i. Din di*erse $%i*e, $(".i +$eni
sc%esc c6 e !eric("s s6 #ii *e/e%+ri+n s+( *e/+n. Ace+s%+ !+%e
!en%r( c6, de #+!%, die%+ "r n( es%e !re+ s6n6%+s6 Ai n( !%
=n.e"e/e c($ +".ii s(n% =n s%+re s6 ren(n.e "+ (ne"e Bicei(ri
+"i$en%+re nes6n6%+se c7nd ei n( !% +ces% "(cr(.
AA dri, de +se$ene+, s6 *6 #er c7%e*+ s#+%(ri !en%r( !ri$+ "(n6I
] Pe %er$en "(n/, +"i$en%+.i+ !e B+C6 de *e/e%+"e es%e $+i !(.in
cs%isi%+re dec7% ce+ c( !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6, =ns6 =n
!eri+d+ de +c$d+re c( +ce+s%+ s8+r !(%e+ s6 #ie niA%e c)e"%(ie"i
s(!"i$en%+re !en%r( c6 es%e !eri+d+ c7nd =ncerci di#eri%e
+"i$en%e. D6 +ces% "(cr( c6ci $eri%6.
] M6n7nc6 Bine. D+c6 $6n7nci =n r+A, =nce+rc6 $+i $("%e
res%+(r+n%e c+ s6 desc!eri ce"e $+i B(ne #e"(ri de $7nc+re
*e/+ne. Adese+, res%+(r+n%e"e di*erse"r n+.in+"i%6.i n( n($+i c6
#er6 ce"e $+i $("%e !.i(ni !en%r( )r+n6 *e/e%+"6, d+r +c"
/(s%(ri"e (nice s(n% de e<ce!.ie. C+(%6 s6 +#"i ce #er6 #iec+re.
] M6n7nc6 s(#icien%. Un+ din .in%e"e !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ %+ e !siBi"
s6 #ie c+ s6 s"6BeA%i. E =n re/("6, Ai !rin%r8 +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6 c( si/(r+n.6 c6 *ei re(Ai +ces% "(cr(. =ns6 n( %e re%ine de
"+ $7nc+re, n( s%+ #"6$7nd.
] M6n7nc6 *+ri+%. Aces% "(cr( es%e neces+r +%7% !en%r( B.inere+
%(%(rr n(%rien.i"r neces+ri c7% Ai !en%r( $en.inere+ in%eres("(i
%6( !en%r( +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie.
Cnc"(Ci+ es%e c6 !.i $7nc+ +"i$en%e *e/e%+"e c( $("%6
!"6cere Ai s+%is#+c.ie. =ns6 !eri+d+ de %r+nCi.ie es%e !r*c+re.
E<is%6 B+riere !si)"/ice Ai !r+c%ice. Es%e ne*ie de %i$! Ai e#r%.
Prie%enii Ai #+$i"i+ s8+r !(%e+ s6 n( %e s(s.in6. D+r *ei *ede+ c6
Bene#icii"e s(n% +Bs"(% $ir+c("+se. Ti *ei #i (i$i% s6 desc!eri
c7% de (Ar *+ #i +%(nci c7nd de'+ .i8+i #r$+% serie de ni
Bicei(ri.
Acce!%6 +ce+s%6 !r*c+re !en%r( "(n6. N( d+r c6 *ei
re+"iC+ "(cr(ri $+ri !en%r( %ine =ns(.i, d+r %e *ei =nr"+ Ai =n
$iAc+re+ de +*+n/+rd6 !en%r( =ndre!%+re+ A$ericii s!re (n *ii%r
$+i s6n6%s, $+i si/(r.
G"enn es%e (n +sci+% +" $e( c+re, !7n6 recen%, er+ (n
cnsec*en% cns($+%r de c+rne. De r+!%, n( de$("% + +d!%+%
die%+ A%@ins, + s"6Bi% (n !ic, d+r + ren(n.+% +%(nci c7nd c"es%er"("
s6( + cresc(% enr$. Are !+%r(Ceci Ai di de +ni Ai es%e
s(!r+!nder+". I8+$ d+% sc)i.6 + S%(di("(i C)in+ Ai + +cce!%+%
!r*c+re+ !en%r( "(n6. I+%6 =n ce"e ce (r$e+C6 c7%e*+ din
re$+rci"e s+"eI
EUPERIENA LUI GLENN
Pri$+ s6!%6$7n6 es%e c( +de*6r+% !r*c+%+re. E /re( s6
creineCi (n $eni(. C($ n( !re+ $6 !rice! "+ /6%i%, +$ "(+% niA%e
c6r.i c( re.e%e Ai +$ =ncerc+% s6 #+c c7%e*+ #e"(ri de $7nc+re
*e/+ne. C+ (n(" c+re $7nc+ #ie "+ McDn+"d[s, #ie =Ai =nc6"Ce+ (n
!re!+r+% cn/e"+%, e des%(" de /re( s68.i B+.i c+!(" c( !re/6%ire+
$7nc6rii =n #iec+re se+r6. Ce" !(.in '($6%+%e din $7nc6r(ri"e !e
c+re "e8+$ !re/6%i% +( ieAi% (n deC+s%r( Ai + %reB(i% s6 "e +r(nc, =ns6
c( %i$!(" +$ desc!eri% c7%e*+ c+re s(n% #+n%+s%ice. Sr+ $e+ $i8
+ d+% re.e%6 de %c+n6 de +r+)ide de !r*enien.6 *es%8+#ric+n6
c+re + #s% incrediBi"6, ce*+ ce n( +$ $7nc+% nicid+%6. M+$+ $i8
+ d+% Ai e+ re.e%6 !e B+C6 de +rdei, c+re + #s% de +se$ene+ B(n6.
Ti +$ d+% =n%7$!"6%r !es%e (n #e" de $7nc+re ne$+i!$eni% c(
s!+/)e%e din #6in6 in%e/r+"6 de /r7( c( ss din%r8(n =n"c(i%r de
c+rne F#6c(% din si+G c+re + #s% /rC+*6. 26 s(/ereC %(%(rr s6
=ncerc+.i #e"(ri"e de $7nc+re *e/+ne. S6 A%i.i c6 e ne*ie d+r de
%i$!.
A$ redesc!eri% #r(c%e"e. Mi8+( !"6c(% =n%%de+(n+ #r(c%e"e,
d+r n( A%i( e<+c% de ce n( +$ $7nc+% !re+ $("%e. P+%e n( din
c+(C6 c6 $7ne+$ c+rneW d+r +c($ *6d c6 =$i !"+c #r(c%e"e $+i
$("% c+ nicid+%6. Ac($ des#+c (n /r+!e#r(i% Ai =" $6n7nc c+
/(s%+re. Ti =$i !"+ce c( +de*6r+%H =n+in%e, n8+A #i #6c(% +s%+
nicic($W de #+!%, cred c6 /(s%(ri"e $e"e de*in %% $+i sensiBi"e.
A$ e*i%+% s6 $6n7nc =n r+A 8 "(cr( !e c+re =" #6ce+$ $ere(
8 de %e+$6 c6 n( *i +*e+ !siBi"i%+%e+ (nei $ese *e/+ne. =ns6
+c($ $6 +*en%(reC. A$ desc!eri% c7%e*+ res%+(r+n%e ni c+re +(
c7%e*+ #e"(ri de $7nc+re *e/+ne /rC+*e, =n s!eci+" (n "c+"
*ie%n+$eC FA%i( c6 $+'ri%+%e+ +"i$en%e"r *ie%n+$eCe n( s(n%
s%ric% *e/+ne, de+rece ei #"sesc (n ss de !eA%e =n $("%e #e"(ri
de $7nc+re, d+r se $+i !+%e /6si c7%e ce*+G. Recen% +$ +'(ns
=n%r8 !iCCerie =$!re(n6 c( (n /r( ! n($ersW n( +*e+$ +"%6
*+ri+n%6, Ai er+$ "i)ni% de #+$e. A$ c$+nd+% !iCC+ #6r6 Br7nC6,
c( $("%e "e/($e. A"(+%(" "8+( #6c(% c)i+r din #6in6 in%e/r+"6 de
/r7(. Er+$ !re/6%i% s(#"e%eA%e s6 =n/)i% c( de8+ si"+ d+r +
#s% s(r!rinC6%r de B(n6. De +%(nci +$ "(+% Ai !en%r( +c+s6 de
c7%e*+ ri.
Desc!6r c6 !#%+ d(!6 !rd(se"e din c+rne $i8+ %rec(% =n
$+re $6s(r6, =n s!eci+" d+c6 $6 s%r6d(iesc s6 n( +'(n/ !re+
#"6$7nd. Ti, cins%i% *8 s!(n, $6n7nc c+ (n !(rce"(A. Diind
s(!r+!nder+", +$ #s% =n%%de+(n+ c+"c("+% =n cee+ ce $7ne+$.
Ac($ $6n7nc neB(neA%e Ai *6d #"+se"e. P% s6 s!(n =n $d
cins%i% c6 =$i !"+ce $+i $("% $7nc+re+ !e c+re $6n7nc +c($
dec7% ce+ din+in%e, =n !+r%e !en%r( c6 s(n% $+i /ri'("i( c( cee+ ce
$6n7nc. M6n7nc d+r $7nc6r(ri"e c+re =$i !"+c c( +de*6r+%.
Pri$+ "(n6 + %rec(% $+i re!ede dec7% $i8+$ i$+/in+%. A$
s"6Bi% P @/, i+r c"es%er"(" $e( + sc6C(% #+r%e $("%. Ac($ n( $+i
%reB(ie s6 #"sesc +A+ de $("% %i$! !en%r( $+s6, $+i +"es de c7nd
+$ desc!eri% +%7% de $("%e res%+(r+n%e (nde !% s6 $6n7nc, Ai =n
+#+r6 de +ce+s%+ /6%esc c+n%i%6.i $+ri !e c+re "e !(n +!i "+
cn/e"+%. Cn/e"+%r(" $e( e !"in de B(n6%6.i *e/+ne.
D+C+ de e<!eri$en% + %rec(% d+r n( $6 /7ndesc "+ e+ c+ #iind
d+r (n e<!eri$en% de +c($ c7%e*+ s6!%6$7ni. N( *6d de ce $8+A
=n%+rce "+ *ec)i"e $e"e Bicei(ri +"i$en%+re.
PARTEA I2
D= CE NU AJI /AI AUSIT A.A C=EA
(ONL ACU/I
Adese+, c7nd +$enii !ri$esc in#r$+.ii A%iin.i#ice c+re
+d(c +r/($en%e =n #+*+re+ (nei sc)i$B6ri r+dic+"e + Bicei(ri"r
+"i$en%+re, !rin %recere+ "+ die%6 !e B+C6 de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
*e/e%+"6, +ces%r+ "i se !+re ce*+ incrediBi". D+c6 %% ce s!(ne.i
es%e +de*6r+%>, se =n%re+B6 ei, de ce n( +$ $+i +(Ci% +ces%e
"(cr(ri !7n6 +c($? De #+!%, de ce +(Ci$ de Bicei d+r !(s(" +
cee+ ce s!(ne.iI c6 "+!%e"e es%e B(n !en%r( ni, c6 +*e$ ne*ie de
c+rne !en%r( + B.ine !r%eine, i+r c+ncer(" Ai B"i"e de ini$6 +(
c+(Ce /ene%ice?> Aces%e+ s(n% =n%reB6ri "e/i%i$e, i+r r6s!(ns(ri"e
cns%i%(ie !+r%e esen.i+"6 =n +ce+s%6 !rB"e$6. T%(Ai, !en%r( +
+'(n/e "+ +ces%e r6s!(ns(ri, e( cred c6 es%e esen.i+" !en%r( ni s6
c(n+A%e$ =n ce #e" s(n% e"+Br+%e in#r$+.ii"e Ai c($ +'(n/
+ces%e+ "+ c(nA%in.+ !(B"ic("(i "+r/.
AA+ c($ *e.i *ede+, ce+ c+re d$neA%e =n $+re !+r%e es%e
Re/("+ de A(rI cine +re +(r(" #+ce re/("i"e. D+c6 +$eric+nii +r
=nce!e s6 %re+c6 "+ +"i$en%+.ie de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 +%(nci, !en%r(
ind(s%rii c"s+" de B/+%e, !(%ernice Ai in#"(en%e s8+r !ierde
$(".i$e de B+ni. S6n6%+%e+ "r #in+nci+r6 de!inde de cn%r"(" !e
c+re =" +( +s(!r+ c(nA%in.e"r !e c+re !(B"ic(" "e !ri$eA%e c(
!ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e. C+ =n rice +#+cere !r#i%+Bi"6,
+ces%e ind(s%rii #+c %% ce Ie s%6 =n !(%ere !en%r( +8Ai !r%e'+
!r#i%(ri"e Ai !e +c.in+rii "r.
S8+r !(%e+ s6 #i.i =nc"in+.i s6 crede.i c6 ind(s%ri+ =i !"6%eA%e
!e +$enii de A%iin.6 =n +sc(ns c+ s6 !(n6 "+ c+"e d+%e"e c+re se
!(B"ic6>, =i $ir(ieA%e !e #ici+"ii /(*ern("(i s+( cnd(ce +c%i*i%6.i
i"e/+"e. M("%r +$eni "e8+r !"6ce+ !*es%e de senC+.ie. =ns6
in%erese"e !(%ernice c+re $en.in s%+%(s a(8(", de Bicei n(
cnd(c +#+ceri i"e/+"e. Din c7%e A%i( e(, ei n( =i !"6%esc !e s+*+n.i
c+ s6 !(n6 "+ c+"e d+%e"e
ce se !(B"ic6>. Ei n( $i%(iesc !e #ici+"ii +"eAi Ai nici n( !(n "+
c+"e "(cr(ri $(rd+re !e +sc(ns.
Si%(+.i+ es%e c( $("% $+i /r+*6.
=n%re/(" sis%e$ 8 /(*ern, A%iin.6, $edicin6, ind(s%rie Ai $+ss8
$edi+ 8!r$*e+C6 !r#i%(ri =n de#+*+re+ s6n6%6.ii, %e)n"/ie =n
de#+*+re+ +"i$en%+.iei Ai cn#(Cie =n de#+*+re+ %r+ns!+ren.ei. =n
ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e, n( =n =n%re/i$e, cn#(Ci+ c( !ri*ire "+
+"i$en%+.ie es%e cre+%6 !e c6i "e/+"e, e<!(se "+ *edere Ai es%e
dise$in+%6 !rin +$eni c+re n( !% #i s(s!ec%+.i de ni$ic $+"e#ic,
#ie c6 s(n% cerce%6%ri, !"i%icieni s+( '(rn+"iA%i. Ce" $+i !eric("s
+s!ec% +" sis%e$("(i n( es%e senC+.in+"(", Ai nici n( cre+C6 !re+
$("%6 *7"*6 +%(nci c7nd es%e +d(s "+ c(nA%in.6. Es%e (n d(A$+n
%6c(% !e c+re !(.ini +$eni =" *6d Ai =" =n.e"e/.
E<!erien.e"e $e"e =n c+dr(" c$(ni%6.ii A%iin.i#ice i"(s%re+C6
#e"(" =n c+re =n%re/(" sis%e$ /enere+C6 in#r$+.ii ce !rd(c
cn#(Cie, r6s!(nC7nd +s%#e" "+ =n%reB+re+ de ce n( +.i +(Ci% +ces%e
"(cr(ri =n+in%e. =n c+!i%"e"e (r$6%+re, e( +$ de#+"c+% sis%e$(">
de !rB"e$e =n (r$6%+re"e en%i%6.iI A%iin.6, /(*ern, ind(s%rie Ai
$edicin6, =ns6, +A+ c($ *e.i *ede+, s(n% $$en%e =n c+re es%e
+!r+!e i$!siBi" de + dis%in/e A%iin.+ de ind(s%rie, /(*ern(" de
A%iin.6 s+( /(*ern(" de ind(s%rie.
1H
PARTEA YNTUNECOASX
A TTIINEI
Pe c7nd "c(i+$ =n%r8 *+"e =n $(n.i, dinc" de B"+c@sB(r/,
s%+%(" 2ir/ini+, #+$i"i+ $e+ *iCi%+ c( !"6cere (n #er$ier re%r+s
de!+r%e de dr($, d". Vinsey, c+re +*e+ =n%%de+(n+ ce*+ )+C"i( de
!*es%i%. AA%e!%+$ c( ner6Bd+re seri"e c7nd +sc("%+$ !*eA%i"e "(i
=n #+.+ !r.ii c+sei. Un+ din !re#er+%e"e $e"e er+ ce+ des!re
escrc)eri+ /rC+*6 c( !ri*ire "+ /7nd+c(" c+r%#i"r.
P*es%e+ des!re *re$(ri"e de "+ #er$+ "(i, =n+in%e de +!+ri.i+
!es%ici8de"r, Ai ne s!(ne+ c6 +%(nci c7nd c("%(r6 de c+r%#i er+
in#es%+%6 c( /7nd+ci +i c+r%#i"r, /7nd+cii %reB(i+( =nde!6r%+.i Ai
$r7.i, (n(" c7%e (n(", c( $7n+. =n%r8 Ci, d". Vinsey + Bser*+%
(n +n(n. =n%r8 re*is%6 !en%r( #er$ieri, des!re (n dis%r(/6%r
/rC+* +" /7nd+ci"r de c+r%#i, c+re er+ de *7nC+re c( cinci d"+ri.
DeAi cinci d"+ri n( er+ s($6 $ic6 =n *re$(ri"e +ce"e+, d".
Vinsey s8+ /7ndi% c6 /7nd+cii +cei+ !r*c+( des%("e !rB"e$e c+
s6 '(s%i#ice +se$ene+ in*es%i.ie. L+ sc(r% %i$! d(!6 +cee+, c7nd +
!ri$i% /rC+*(" dis%r(/6%r !en%r( /7nd+c(" c+r%#i"r, e" + desc)is
!+c)e%(" Ai + /6si% d(6 B(c6.i de "e$n Ai "is%6 sc(r%6 c( %rei
ins%r(c.i(niI
] L(+.i (n+ din B(c6.i"e de "e$n.
] AAeC+.i /7nd+c(" de c+r%#i !e #+.+ ne%ed6 + "e$n("(i.
] L(+.i + d(+ B(c+%6 de "e$n Ai !res+.i %+re +s(!r+
/7nd+c("(i de c+r%#i.
Escrc)erii"e, A$ec)erii"e Ai =nAe"6ci(ni"e !e #+.6 !en%r(
c7A%i/ !ersn+" s(n% %% +%7% de *ec)i c+ Ai is%ri+ =ns6Ai, Ai !rB+Bi"
nici (n +"% d$eni( din scie%+%e+ n+s%r6 n( + s(#eri% $+i $("% de
n6!+s%+ +ce+s%+ c+ d$eni("
s6n6%6.ii. P(.ine e<!erien.e s(n% +%7% de !ersn+"e Ai !(%ernice c+
ce"e +"e +$eni"r c+re Ai8+( !ierd(% s6n6%+%e+ !re$+%(r. D(!6
c($ se *ede, +ceA%i+ *r s6 cre+d6 Ai s6 =ncerce +!r+!e %% ce i8+r
!(%e+ +'(%+. Ei re!reCin%6 (n /r(! de cns($+%ri e<%re$ de
*("ner+Bi"i.
Pe "+ $i'"c(" +ni"r ;:, + +!6r(% (n !ri$ e<e$!"( de
escrc)erie =n d$eni(" s6n6%6.ii, ce" !(.in din !(nc%(" de *edere
+" cn#ir$6rii $edic+"e. Ace+s%+ !ri*e+ (n !rd(s !en%r(
%r+%+$en%(" +"%ern+%i* +" c+ncer("(i, n($i% L+e%ri"e, (n c$!(s
n+%(r+" #6c(% =n !rinci!+" din s7$B(ri de c+ise. D+c6 +*e+i c+ncer
Ai #(seseAi %r+%+% #6r6 s(cces de dc%rii BiAn(i.i =n S%+%e"e Uni%e,
!(%e+i s6 =.i !r!(i s6 $er/i "+ Ti'(+n+, Me<ic. P(B"ic+.i+
4+s)in/%n Ps% + !reCen%+% c( d*eCi c+C(" Sy"*iei D(%%n, +
#e$eie de LQ de +ni din D"rid+ c+re + #6c(% e<+c% +ces% "(cr(, c+
("%i$6 =ncerc+re de + s%!+ (n c+ncer c+re se r6s!7ndise de'+ din
*+re =n sis%e$(" s6( "i$#+%ic.
J
Prie%eni de8+i ei de "+ Biseric6 =i
s!(seser6 ei Ai s.("(i ei de %r+%+$en%(" c( L+e%ri"e Ai !siBi"i%+%e+
c+ +ces%+ s6 *indece c+ncer(" =n #r$6 +*+ns+%6. =n +r%ic"(" din
re*is%6,
J
s.(" Si"*iei + s!(sI S(n% ce" !(.in d(6s!reCece
!ers+ne =n +ce+s%6 re/i(ne c6rr+ "i s8+ s!(s c6 *r $(ri din
c+(C+ c+ncer("(i 8Ai, d(!6 ce +( #"si% L+e%ri"e, +c($ '+c6
%enis>.
PrB"e$+ er+, %%(Ai, c6 L+e%ri"e er+ (n %r+%+$en% #+r%e
cn%es%+%. Une"e !ers+ne din "($e+ $edic+"6 +r/($en%+( c6
s%(dii"e !e +ni$+"e +r6%+ser6 =n $d re!e%+% c6 L+e%ri"e n( +re nici
(n e#ec% +s(!r+ %($ri"r.
J
Din +ce+s%6 c+(C6, Ad$inis%r+.i+
!en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai Medic+$en%e + SUA + decis s6 !re+sc6
(%i"iC+re+ L+e%ri"("(i, cee+ ce + d(s "+ +!+ri.i+ (nr c"inici
!!("+re "+ s(d de /r+ni.6. Un ren($i% s!i%+i din Ti'(+n+ %r+%+ n(
$+i !(.in de 9::S: de !+cien.i !e +n>. Un(" din%re +cei !+cien.i +
#s% Sy"*i+ D(%%n, !en%r( c+re, din ne#ericire, L+e%ri"e n( +
+c.in+%.
Ins6 L+e%ri"e + #s% d+r (n(" din $("%e"e !rd(se +"%ern+%i*e
!en%r( s6n6%+%e. Pe "+ s#7rAi%(" +ni"r [;:, +$eric+nii c)e"%(i+( (n
$i"i+rd de d"+ri +n(+" !e di*erse s(!"i$en%e Ai !.i(ni c+re
!r$i%e+( Bene#icii $+/ice.
9
Prin%re +ces%e+ se +#"+( +cid("
!+n/+$ic, c+re er+ "6(d+% c+
#iind *i%+$in6 nedesc!eri%6 !7n6 +%(nci, c( !(%eri e#ec%i*
ne"i$i%+%e, di*erse cncen%r+%e de "+ +"Bine Ai +"%e !rd(se c+
s(!"i$en%e ce cn.ine+( (s%(ri Ai Cinc.
9
In +ce"+Ai %i$!, =n c$(ni%+%e+ A%iin.i#ic6 din ce =n ce $+i
$("%e in#r$+.ii !ri*ind s6n6%+%e+, =n s!eci+" in#r$+.ii !en%r(
n(%ri.ie, +!6re+( cn%in(( =n%r8(n ri%$ n6*+"nic. =n +n(" JO;S,
sen+%r(" Ger/e McG*ern + cn*c+% (n c$i%e% c+re + sc)i.+%
Biec%i*e !ri*ind +"i$en%+.i+, rec$+nd7nd (n cns($ red(s de
+"i$en%e c( /r6si$i +ni$+"e Ai (n cns($ s!ri% de #r(c%e Ai
"e/($e d+%ri%6 e#ec%e"r +ces%r+ +s(!r+ B"ii de ini$6. Pri$+
sc)i.6 + +ces%(i r+!r%, c( re#erire "+ B+"+ de ini$6 Ai +"i$en%+.ie,
+ !rd(s +se$ene+ r($+re =nc7% s8+ cer(% de =nd+%6 re*iC(ire
$+'r6 =n+in%e c+ +ces%+ s6 #ie d+% !(B"ici%6.ii. =n%r8 disc(.ie
!ersn+"6 !e c+re +$ +*(%8, sen+%r(" McG*ern $i8+ s!(s c6 e"
=$!re(n6 c( +".i cinci sen+%ri !(%ernici din s%+%e"e !re!nderen%
+/ric"e +( !ierd(% +"e/eri"e (r$6%+re din JOR:, =n !+r%e de+rece
=ndr6Cniser6 s6 +d(c6 +%in/ere ind(s%riei de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6.
L+ s#7rAi%(" +ni"r ;:, r+!r%(" "(i McG*ern + re(Ai% s6
s%i$("eCe /(*ern(" s6 e"+BreCe !ri$(" /)id +"i$en%+r, des!re
c+re s8+ C*ni% c6 !r$*+ (n $es+' si$i"+r ce"(i +" c$i%e%("(i
"(i McG*ern. C+$ =n +ce"+Ai %i$!, se #6ce+ din !"in !(B"ici%+%e
deCB+%eri"r din /(*ern "e/+%e de si/(r+n.+ +di%i*i"r +"i$en%+ri Ai
+ ce"r "e/+%e de C+)+rin6, d+c6 +ce+s%+ er+ c+nceri/en6 s+( n(.
I/(LICA*=A /=A KN (*GC=S
Pe "+ s#7rAi%(" +ni"r ;: $8+$ %reCi% e( =ns($i =n $i'"c("
+ces%(i $edi( c+re s(#ere+ sc)i$B6ri +%7% de r+!ide. =n JO;L $i se
=nc)ei+ !r/r+$(" din Di"i!ine Ai $6 si$.e+$ Bine =n $(nc+ $e+
e<!eri$en%+"6 de "+Br+%r, =n S%+%e"e Uni%e, d(!6 ce +cce!%+se$
s6 #i( !r#esr "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i. Cnc"(Cii"e $e"e c(
!ri*ire "+ +#"+%<in6 Ai c+ncer(" de #ic+% din Di"i!ine Fc+!i%"(" 9G
c7A%i/+ser6 $+re in%eres i+r (r$6%+re"e $e"e "(cr6ri de "+Br+%r
c+re +( in*es%i/+% #+c%rii n(%ri.in+"i, c+rcin/enii
Ai c+ncer(" Fc+!i%"(" QG +( +%r+s +%en.i+ !e !"+n n+.in+". L+ d+%+
+cee+, e( +*e+$ (n(" din ceie d+r d(6 s+( %rei "+Br+%+re din
%+r6 c+re #6ce+( cerce%6ri +*+ns+%e =n n(%ri.ie Ai c+ncer. Er+
e<!erien.6 n(6.
%Gin JO;R !7n6 =n JO;O $i8+ $ "(+% (n +n de cncedi( !en%r(
s%(dii de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i Ai $8+$ d(s =n e!icen%r("
+c%i*i%6.ii n+.in+"e =n ce !ri*eA%e n(%ri.i+, "+ Be%)esd+, M+ry"+nd.
FOr/+niC+.i+ c( c+re "(cr+$ er+ Deder+.i+ Scie%6.i"r A$eric+ne
!en%r( Medicin6 Ai Bi"/ie E<!eri$en%+"6, !e sc(r% DASEB.
Deder+.i+ er+ +"c6%(i%6 din A+se scie%6.i de cerce%+re c+re
re!reCen%+( !+%"/i+, Bic)i$i+, #+r$+c"/i+, n(%ri.i+,
i$(n"/i+ Ai #iCi"/i+. DASEB s!nsriC+ =n%r(niri"e +n(+"e +"e
%(%(rr ce"r A+se scie%6.i, =n%r(niri "+ c+re !+r%ici!+( !es%e 9::::
de +$eni de A%iin.6. E( er+$ $e$Br( + d(6 din +ces%e scie%6.i,
ce+ de n(%ri.ie Ai ce+ de #+r$+c"/ie Ai er+$ +c%i* =n $d s!eci+"
"+ Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n de N(%ri.ie Fn($i% +c($ Scie%+%e+
A$eric+n6 !en%r( T%iin.e +"e N(%ri.ieiG. L(cr+re+ $e+ !rinci!+"6
cns%+ =n + cnd(ce, !rin cn%r+c% c( Ad$inis%r+.i+ !en%r(
A"i$en%e Ai Medic+$en%e, (n c$i%e% de +$eni de A%iin.6 c+re
in*es%i/+( risc(ri"e !%en.i+"e +"e #"sirii de s(!"i$en%e n(%ri%i*e.
In +ce+ !eri+d6, +$ #s% in*i%+% de +se$ene+ s6 !+r%ici!
=n%r8(n c$i%e% de +#+ceri !(B"ice c+re ser*e+ c+ "e/6%(r6 =n%re
DASEB Ai Cn/res. S+rcin+ +ces%(i c$i%e% er+ +cee+ de +
cnd(ce +c%i*i%+%e+ de *7r# din cn/res Ai de + re!reCen%+
in%erese"e scie%6.i"r n+s%re =n %r+nC+c.ii"e c( "e/i(i%rii. Ni
e<+$in+$ !"i%ici"e, B(/e%e"e Ai dec"+r+.ii"e de !Ci.ie, ne
=n%7"ne+$ c( !ersn+"(" din cn/res Ai .ine+$ =n%r(niri =n '(r("
(nr $ese $+ri, =n i$!resin+n%e s6"i de cnsi"i(>, =nc6!eri
dis%inse, +(/(s%e. Adeseri +*e+$ si$.6$7n%(" c6 $6 +#"+$ c)i+r
=n ci%+de"+ A%iin.ei.
C+ cndi.ie neces+r6 =n *edere+ re!reCen%6rii scie%6.ii
$e"e de n(%ri.ie =n +ces% c$i%e% de +#+ceri !(B"ice, !en%r( =nce!(%
%reB(i+ s6 s%+Bi"esc, !en%r( $ine =ns($i, c($ !+%e #i de#ini%6 ce"
$+i Bine n(%ri.i+. Es%e c)es%i(ne c( $("% $+i di#ici"6 dec7% *6
!(%e.i =nc)i!(i. A*e+$ +$eni de A%iin.6 c+re $+ni#es%+( in%eres
!en%r( n(%ri.i+ +!"ic+%6, c+re +*e+ in *edere +$eni Ai c$(ni%6.i.
A*e+$ dc%ri =n
$edicin6 c+re er+( in%eres+.i s6 iC"eCe c$!(Ai din +"i$en%e c+
$edic+$en%e #+r$+ce(%ice Ai +$eni de A%iin.6 cerce%6%ri c+re
"(cr+( d+r c( ce"("e iC"+%e Ai !rd(se c)i$ice Bine iden%i#ic+%e
=n "+Br+%r. A*e+$ c)i+r +$eni c+re cnsider+( c6 s%(dii"e de
n(%ri.ie +r %reB(i s6 se cncen%reCe, !e "7n/6 +$eni, Ai +s(!r+
+ni$+"e"r. Cnce!%(" de n(%ri.ie er+ de!+r%e de + #i c"+r "6$(ri%W
+8J c"+ri#ic+ er+ di#ici". Perce!.i+ BiAn(i%6 + +$eric+ni"r c(
!ri*ire "+ n(%ri.ie er+ Ai $+i *+ri+%6, Ai $+i cn#(C6. Cns($+%rii
er+( =n $d cns%+n% !6c6"i.i c( ci(d6.enii Ai, c( %+%e +ces%e+,
r6$7ne+( #+r%e in%eres+.i de s(!"i$en%e"e n(%ri%i*e Ai s#+%(ri"e
die%e%ice c+re *ene+( din rice #e" de s(rs6, #ie c6 +ce+ s(rs6 er+
c+r%e c( die%e s+( (n #ici+" +" /(*ern("(i.
=n%r8 Ci de !e "+ s#7rAi%(" !ri$6*erii "(i JO;O, !e c7nd =$i
#6ce+$ %reB(ri"e de r(%in6, +$ !ri$i% (n %e"e#n de "+ direc%r("
Bir("(i !en%r( +#+ceri !(B"ice de "+ DASEB c+re crdn+
"(cr+re+ c$i%e%("(i ns%r( de "e/6%(r6> c( cn/res(".
E""is $8+ in#r$+% c6 er+ +c($ =n c(rs de #r$+re (n n(
c$i%e% =n c+dr(" (nei+ din scie%6.i"e DASEB, Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n
de N(%ri.ie, c+re $8+r !(%e+ in%eres+.
Se n($eA%e C$i%e%(" !en%r( In#r$+.ii P(B"ice de
N(%ri.ie>, $i8+ s!(s e", Ai (n+ din res!ns+Bi"i%6.i"e +ces%(i+ es%e
+cee+ de + decide c+re din%re s#+%(ri"e n(%ri.in+"e s(n% !%ri*i%e +
#i d+%e !(B"ici%6.ii.>
E*iden%>, + s!(s e", es%e $+re s(!r+!(nere =n%re cee+ ce
*re+ s6 #+c6 n(" c$i%e% Ai cee+ ce #+ce$ ni =n c$i%e%(" de
+#+ceri !(B"ice>.
A$ #s% de +crd c( e". D+c6 %e in%erese+C6, +A *re+ c+ %( s6
!+r%ici!i =n +ces% n( c$i%e% c+ re!reCen%+n% +" Bir("(i de +#+ceri
!(B"ice> + s!(s e".
Pr!(nere+ $i s8+ !6r(% B(n6 de+rece *ene+ =n !eri+d+ de
=nce!(% + c+rierei $e"e, Ai +s%+ =nse$n+ A+ns6 de + +(Ci !(nc%e"e
de *edere +"e s+*+n.i"r, +cei cerce%6%ri c+re re!reCen%+( n($e
$+ri> =n n(%ri.ie. Er+ de +se$ene+ (n c$i%e% c+re, cn#r$ c(
cee+ ce s(s.ine+( r/+niC+%rii "(i, !(%e+ e*"(+ s!re c(r%e
s(!re$6_[ =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e
in#r$+.ii"e !(B"ice re#eri%+re I+ n(%ri.ie. P(%e+ ser*i, de
e<e$!"(, !en%r( + iden%i#ic+ A+r"+%+8nii"e din d$eni(" n(%ri.iei.
G /A*= SU*(*ISL
L+ d+%+ c7nd se #r$+ +ces% n( C$i%e% !en%r( In#r$+.ii
P(B"ice de N(%ri.ie, de ce+"+"%6 !+r%e + r+A("(i +*e+ "c #(r%(n6
"+ !res%i/i+s+ Ac+de$ie N+.in+"6 de T%iin.e FNASG. O dis!(%6
!(B"ic6 se des#6A(r+ =n%re !reAedin%e"e NAS, P)i" 5+nd"er Ai
C$i%e%(" in%ern +" NAS !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai N(%ri.ie. 5+nd"er
dre+ s6 +d(c6 =n in%erir (n /r(! de +$eni de A%iin.6 de
!res%i/i( din +#+r+ r/+niC+.iei NAS !en%r( + de"iBer+ =n ce
!ri*eA%e s(Biec%(" die%6, n(%ri.ie Ai c+ncer, Ai s6 scrie (n r+!r%.
Aces% "(cr( n( + #s% !e piac C$i%e%("(i s6( in%ern !en%r(
A"i$en%+.ie Ai N(%ri.ie c+re dre+ cn%r"(" +s(!r+ +ces%(i !riec%.
NAS, s(B cnd(cere+ "(i 5+nd"er, er+ #in+n.+%6 de Cn/res !en%r(
+ #+ce (n r+!r% +s(!r+ s(Biec%("(i c+re ini.i+" n( #(sese +*(% =n
*edere =n +ces% #e".
=n in%erir(" c$(ni%6.ii A%iin.i#ice er+ =n $+re $6s(r6
c(nsc(%6 re+"i%+%e+ c6 +ces% C$i%e% !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai
N(%ri.ie +" NAS er+ !(%ernic in#"(en.+% de ind(s%rii"e !rd(c6%+re
de c+rne, !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai (6. Di din%re cnd(c6%rii +ces%(i+,
BB O"sn Ai A"# 5+r!er +*e+( "e/6%(ri !(%ernice c( +ces%e
ind(s%rii. O"sn er+ (n cns("%+n%, Bine !"6%i%, +" ind(s%riei de (6,
i+r 5+r!er rec(nA%e+ c6 J:^ din *eni%(" s6( !r*ene+ din
ser*icii"e !e c+re "e #ere+ c$!+nii"r de +"i$en%e, inc"(si* (nr
$+ri cr!r+.ii de !rd(se "+c%+%e.
Q
=n ce"e din (r$6 5+nd"er, =n c+"i%+%e+ s+ de !reAedin%e +"
NAS + c"i% C$i%e%(" s6( !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai N(%ri.ie Ai +
#6c(% +r+n'+$en%e"e neces+re !en%r( c+ (n /r(! de s!eci+"iA%i,
s+*+n.i e<!er.i din +#+r+ r/+niC+.iei s+"e, s6 scrie r+!r%(" din
JOR9, Die%6, N(%ri.ie Ai C+ncer- Ti s8+ =n%7$!"+% c+ Ai e( s6 #i(
!rin%re cei %reis!reCece +$eni de A%iin.6 +"eAi !en%r( + #i =n +ce"
/r(! de s!eci+"iA%i c+ s6 scrie$ r+!r%(".
AA+ c($ er+ de +A%e!%+%, A"# 5+r!er, BB O"sn Ai c"e/ii s6i
din C$i%e%(" !en%r( N(%ri.ie n( +( #s% #erici.i c6 +( !ierd(%
cn%r"(" +s(!r+ +ces%(i r+!r% =nse$n+%, ii A%i+( c6 r+!r%(" !(%e+
in#"(en%+ =n $+re $6s(r6 !ini+ n+.in+"6 c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie
Ai B+"6. Ce" $+i $("% se %e$e+( c6 *es%i%+ die%6 +$eric+n6 !(%e+
#i !(s6 s(B se$n(" =n%reB6rii, !+%e c)i+r s6 #ie sc%i%6 !siBi"6
c+(C6 !en%r( c+ncer.
,+$es S. T(rner, !reAedin%e +" (n(i +"% /r(! de s!eci+"iA%i din
in%erir(" NAS !en%r( Re"+.i+ c( Cns($+%rii, er+ cri%ic #+.6 de
C$i%e%(" !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai N(%ri.ie Ai scri+I N( !(%e$ dec7%
s6 cnc"(Cin6$ c6 NAS FC$i%e%(" !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai
N(%ri.ieG es%e d$in+% de (n /r(! de +$eni de A%iin.6 c+re se
=$!%ri*esc sc)i$B6rii Ai c+re s(s.in (n !(nc% de *edere $+i
de/r+B6 iC"+% =n ce !ri*eA%e +"i$en%+.i+ Ai B+"+.[>
D(!6 ce +( !ierd(% cn%r" (i +s(!r+ n("(i Ai
!r$i.6%r("(i r+!r% c( !ri*ire "+ die%6, n(%ri.ie Ai c+ncer,
C$i%e%(" !r8ind(s%rie + %reB(i% s6 e<erci%e c($*+ (n cn%r" !rin
c+re s6 #+c6 r6(. =n $+re /r+B6 + #s% +"c6%(i% (n /r(! +"%ern+%i*I
C$i%e%(" !en%r( In#r$+.ii P(B"ice des!re N(%ri.ie. Ti cine er+(
cnd(c6%rii +ces%(i n( C$i%e% !en%r( In#r$+.ii P(B"ice des!re
N(%ri.ie? BB O"sn, A"#red 5+r!er Ai T$ ,(@es, (n s+*+n% de
$("%6 *re$e de !+r%e+ ind(s%riei, #iec+re din%re ei de.in7nd Ai
!Ci.ii (ni*ersi%+re. L+ =nce!(% +$ #s% incen% c( !ri*ire "+ sc!("
+ces%(i /r(!, =ns6 de "+ !ri$+ n+s%r6 =n%7"nire =n !ri$6*+r+ "(i
JOR: +$ desc!eri% c6 din%re cei !%s!reCece $e$Bri +i +ce"(i
c$i%e%, e( er+$ sin/(r+ !ers+n6 c+re n( de.ine+ "e/6%(ri c(
"($e+ c$erci+"6 + c$!+nii"r de +"i$en%e Ai $edic+$en%e Ai
+"i+.ii "r.
Aces% c$i%e% er+ +d(n6%(r6 de $6s"(i%ri, +!6r7nd c(
=nd7r'ire s%+%(s8a(8(" e<is%en% +%(nci. Asci+.ii"e "r !r#esin+"e,
!rie%enii "r, +$enii c( c+re #r+%erniC+(, %.i er+( !r8ind(s%rie.
Ei =nAiAi er+( $+ri i(Bi%ri +i +"i$en%+.iei +$eric+ne Ai nici n(
*i+( s6 i+ =n se+$6 !siBi"i%+%e+ c+ *ederi"e "r s6 #ie /reAi%e. =n
!"(s, (nii din%re ei se B(c(r+( de Bene#icii #r($(Ae"e, ce inc"(de+(
c)e"%(ie"i de c6"6%rie "+ c"+s+ =n%7i, !ri$e +%r6/6%+re
!en%r(
cns("%+n%6, !"6%i%e de c$!+nii"e de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
tNe%i n( er+ ni$ic i"e/+" "e/+% de +ces%e +c%i*i%6.i, c( si/(r+n.6 c6
e<is%+ (n seris cn#"ic% de in%erese c+re =i !(ne+ !e $+'ri%+%e+
$e$Bri"r c$i%e%("(i =n deC+crd c( in%eres(" !(B"ic.
AA+ c($ se der("+, si%(+.i+ er+ +se$6n6%+re ce"ei c+re +*e+
=n Biec%i* .i/6ri"e Ai s6n6%+%e+. C7nd +( +!6r(% !ri$e"e d*eCi
A%iin.i#ice c+re +r6%+( c6 .i/6ri"e s(n% !eric("+se, +( #s% )+rde de
s!eci+"iA%i =n s6n6%+%e c+re +( +!6r+% c( !(%ere #($+%(". De
e<e$!"(, !(B"ic+.i+ ,(rn+" # %)e A$eric+n Medic+" Assci+%in
F,(rn+"(" Asci+.iei Medic+"e A$eric+neG + cn%in(+% s6 #+c6
rec"+$6 "+ !rd(se"e de %(%(n, Ai =nc6 $("%e +"%e"e Ai8+( #6c(%
!+r%e+ "r =n + +!6r+ nec"in%i% #"sire+ %(%(n("(i. =n $("%e c+C(ri,
+ceA%i +$eni de A%iin.6 er+( $%i*+.i de !rec+(.ie de =n.e"es.
D+r er+( $(".i +".ii, $+i +"es !e $6s(r6 ce d*eCi"e =$!%ri*+
%(%(n("(i s!re+(, +"e c6rr $%i*+.ii er+( =n $d c"+r !6r%ini%+re,
din $%i*e !ersn+"e, Ai !(r6 "6c$ie. AA+ c6 $8+$ %reCi% =n%r8(n
c$i%e% c+re %reB(i+ s6 '(dece *+"+re+ in#r$+.ii"r c( !ri*ire "+
n(%ri.ie, (n c$i%e% c+re er+ +"c6%(i% din c7.i*+ din cei $+i
!(%ernici s+*+n.i !r8ind(s%rie. Er+$ sin/(r(" c+re n( #(sese$ +"es
din%re cei !rie%eni "+ c+%+r+$6 c( ind(s%ri+, !en%r( c6 e( $6 +#"+$
+c" "+ !r(nc+ direc%r("(i Bir("(i !en%r( +#+ceri !(B"ice
DASEB. =n +ce" !(nc% +" c+rierei $e"e, n( +*e+$ #r$+%e nici (n
#e" de *ederi s"ide !en%r( s+( =$!%ri*+ die%ei +$eric+ne
s%+nd+rd. M+i $("% dec7% rice, e( er+$ in%eres+% s6 !r$*eC
deCB+%eri"e cins%i%e, desc)ise 8 ce*+ ce +*e+ s6 $6 !(n6 i$edi+% =n
!Ci.ie c( +ce+s%6 n(6 r/+niC+.ie.
PRIMA YNTZLNIRE
Din !ri$+ c"i!6 + !ri$ei =n%r(niri din +!ri"ie JOR: +$ A%i(%
c6 e( er+$ /6in+ c+re s8+ r6%6ci% =n *iC(in+ *("!ii, c( %+%e c6 =$i
!(sese$ $+ri s!er+n.e =n +s%+ Ai er+$ desc)is, %%(Ai c+$ n+i*. L+
(r$+ (r$ei, $(".i$e de +$eni de A%iin.6, inc"(si* e(, se
cns("%+ser6 c( di*erse c$!+nii
%c$+i c+ s6 se $en.in6 Biec%i*i =n in%eres(" s6n6%6.ii !(B"ic("(i.
=n ce+ de8+ d(+ sesi(ne + !ri$ei n+s%re =n%r(niri de
c$i%e%, !reAedin%e"e T$ ,(@es + =n$7n+% %(%(rr sc)i.6 + (n(i
c$(nic+% !r!(s s!re di#(C+re, scris6 de $7n6 de e" =ns(Ai, c(
!ri*ire "+ $isi(ne+ c$i%e%("(i. Pe "7n/6 +n(n.(" des!re e<is%en.+
n+s%r6, c$(nic+%(" en($er+ c7%e*+ e<e$!"e de #r+(de =n
+"i$en%+.ie !e c+re c$i%e%(" ns%r( in%en.in+ s6 "e e<!(n6.
Pe c7nd e<+$in+$ +%en% "is%+ c( +A+8Cise"e #r+(de, +$ #s%
Ac+% s6 *6d !e e+ Biec%i*e"e +"i$en%+re +"e "(i McG*ern din
>KAA.
S
Sc)i.+%e !en%r( !ri$+ d+%6 =n JO;S, +ces%e Biec%i*e re"+%i*
$des%e s(/er+( c6 (n cns($ $+i red(s de c+rne Ai /r6si$i Ai (n
cns($ $+i $+re de #r(c%e Ai "e/($e +r !(%e+ !re*eni B+"+ de
ini$6. =n !reCen%(" c$(nic+% !r!(s s!re di#(C+re, +ces%e
Biec%i*e er+( descrise c+ #iind niA%e A+r"+%+nii, "+ #e" c+ $("%
cnd+$n+%(" L+e%ri"e Ai !re!+r+%e"e !e B+C6 de +cid !+n/+$ic. Pe
sc(r%, rec$+nd+re+ de + ne sc)i$B+ Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re s!re
cns($(" $+i $("%r #r(c%e, "e/($e Ai cere+"e in%e/r+"e er+
cnsider+%6 #r+(d6. Ace+s%+ + #s% is!r+*+ c$i%e%("(i =n +8Ai
de$ns%r+ c+!+ci%+%e+ de + #i +rBi%r(" s(!re$ =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e
in#r$+re+ A%iin.i#ic6 de$n6 de =ncredereH
C($ e( +A%e!%+se$ c( ner6Bd+re s6 !+r%ici! =n +ces% c$i%e%,
cee+ ce ieAe+ "+ i*e+"6 $8+ Ac+% e#ec%i*. DeAi "+ d+%+ +cee+ n(
+*e+$ *re !redi"ec.ie s!eci+"6 s!re (n +n($i% %i! de die%6, e(
A%i+$ #+r%e Bine c6 /r(!(" de s!eci+"iA%i din c+re #6ce+$ !+r%e "+
Ac+de$i+ N+.in+"6 de T%iin.e, c+re se c(!+ de die%+ s%+nd+rd,
n(%ri.ie Ai c+ncer, +r rec$+nd+ !rB+Bi" ce*+ si$i"+r c(
Biec%i*e"e "(i McG*ern, de d+%+ +ce+s%+ ci%7nd cerce%6ri"e c(
!ri*ire "+ c+ncer =n "c de cerce%6ri"e c( !ri*ire "+ B+"+ de ini$6.
ReC("%+%e"e A%iin.i#ice !e c+re e( "e c(nA%e+$ #+r%e Bine !6re+(
s6 '(s%i#ice rec$+nd6ri"e $der+%e #6c(%e de Biec%i*e"e
+"i$en%+re +"e c$i%e%("(i "(i McG*ern.
A"6%(ri de $ine "+ !ri$+ n+s%r6 =n%7"nire s%6%e+ A"# 5+r!er,
!e c+re e( =" s%i$+$ #+r%e $("% de !e *re$e+ c7nd er+ Ae#("
c+%edrei de T%iin.e +"e N(%ri.iei "+ MIT. Pe I+ =nce!(%(" =n%7"nirii,
c7nd +ce+s%6 )7r%ie scris6 de $7n6 + #s%
d+%6 din $7n6 =n $7n6 $e$Bri"r c$i%e%("(i, $8+$ +!"ec+% s!re
5+r!er Ai i8+$ =ndre!%+% +%en.i+ s!re "c(" (nde er+( en($er+%e
Biec%i*e"e +"i$en%+re +"e "(i McG*e$ !rin%re +"%e A+r"+%+nii
c$(ne, Ai i8+$ A!%i% ne=ncreC6%rI 2eCi +s%+>?
5+r!er + si$.i% s%7n'ene+"+ $e+, c)i+r ne=ncredere+, Ai +
*rBi% de =nd+%6. Pe (n %n de s(s, + s!(s /r(!("(iI
S(n% !ers+ne nr+Bi"e =n $i'"c(" ns%r( c+re s8+r !(%e+
s6 n( #ie de +crd c( +ce+s%6 "is%6. P+%e +r %reB(i s8 .ine$ !e
"c>. A (r$+% disc(.ie =n si"6, i+r +!i +( decis s6 ren(n.e "+
!r!(s(" c$(nic+% de !res6.
O d+%6 c( cnc"(Ci+ "+ c)es%i(ne+ c$(nic+%("(i de !res6,
+d(n+re+ s8+ =nc)ei+%. Din !(nc%(" $e( de *edere + rs% (n
=nce!(% ce" !(.in d(Bis.
D(6 s6!%6$7ni $+i %7rCi(, !e c7nd $6 +#"+$ din n( =n
!+r%e+ de nrd + s%+%("(i Ne3 ?r@, +$ desc)is =n%r8 di$ine+.6
T2 "+ A%iri Ai !e ecr+n + +!6r(% T$ Br@+3 c+re + =nce!(% s6
*rBe+sc6 des!re n(%ri.ie, c( cine crede.i, c( BB O"sn. Ei
disc(%+( (n recen% r+!r% !e c+re O"sn Ai c( !rie%enii "(i ="
#6c(ser6 "+ Ac+de$i+ N+.in+"6 de T%iin.e n($i% S!re Die%e
S6n6%+se>. Aces% r+!r%, c+re + #s% ce" $+i sc(r% Ai ce" $+i
s(!er#ici+" !rd(s *red+%6 de c6%re NAS, ridic+ =n s"6*i *ir%(.i"e
+"i$en%+.iei BiAn(i%e +$eric+ne, B/+%6 =n /r6si$i Ai c+rne, Ai
c$(nic+ =n esen.6 c6 %%(" er+ =n re/("6 =n "e/6%(r6 c( #e"(" =n
c+re se )r6ne+( +$eric+nii.
Din !(nc% de *edere A%iin.i#ic, $es+'(" + #s% de necreC(%,
"*i%(r6 de8+ dre!%(". =$i +$in%esc (n di+"/ =n c+re T$ Br@+3
=n%reB+se des!re #+s% #d, i+r O"sn + +#ir$+%, si/(r !e sine, c6
)+$B(r/erii de "+ McDn+"d[s er+( =n re/("6. C( $i"i+ne de
%e"es!ec%+%ri c+re !ri*e+( c($ +ces% e<!er%> "6(d+ *ir%(.i"e
!en%r( s6n6%+%e +"e )+$B(r/eri"r de "+ McDn+"d[s, nici n( es%e
de $ir+re c6 $(".i$e+ de cns($+%ri de !re%(%indeni din .+r6
er+( der(%+.i. D+r c7.i*+ +$eni Bine in#r$+.i A%i+( c6 *ederi"e
"(i n( re#"ec%+( nici !e de!+r%e =n.e"e/ere+ A%iin.i#ic6 de "+ d+%+
+cee+.
A DOUA YNTZLNIRE
Ne8+$ =n%rs !en%r( r(nd+ + d(+ =n A%"+n%ic Ci%y !en%r(
=n%r(nire+ +n(+"6, !ri$6*+r+ %7rCi( =n JORJ. Din cres!nden.+
n+s%r6 de !es%e +n, c$i%e%(" +*e+ de'+ +/end6 ne#ici+"6. M+i
=n%7i %reB(i+ s6 disc(%6$ !r!(nere+ c6 A+r"+%+nii"e =n ce !ri*eA%e
n(%ri.i+ erd+( =ncredere+ !(B"ic("(i =n c$(ni%+%e+ A%iin.i#ic6 din
d$eni(" n(%ri.iei, =n +" di"e+ r7nd, %reB(i+ s6 d6$ !(B"ici%6.ii
idee+ c6 + s(s.ine (n cns($ de $+i $("%e "e/($e Ai #r(c%e Ai $+i
!(.in6 c+rne Ai +"i$en%e B/+%e =n /r6si$i er+ =n sine
escrc)erie. =n +" %rei"e+ r7nd, in%en.i+ er+ s6 s%+Bi"i$ c$i%e%("
ns%r( c+ #iind r/+niC+.ie !er$+nen%6, s%+Bi"6. P7n6 =n
$$en%(" +ce"+, /r(!(" ns%r( ser*e+ d+r c+ en%i%+%e
%e$!r+r6, c+ (n c$i%e% in*es%i/+%i*. Ac($ er+ %i$!(" s6 ne "(6$
=n seris r"(" de + de*eni s(rs+ !rinci!+"6, !er$+nen%6 !en%r(
in#r$+.ii de$ne de creC+re =n n(%ri.ie =n S%+%e"e Uni%e.
In c(rs(" ce"r c7%e*+ Ci"e de "+ ssire+ "+ cn*en.ie, (n
c"e/, $e$Br( =n c$i%e%, 53+rd A!!"eB+($, $i8+ *rBi% de
C*n(ri"e c+re circ("+(. N( +i +(Ci%?> $i8+ A!%i% e". O"sn +
decis c6 *r rer/+niC+ c$i%e%(", i+r %( *ei #i =nde!6r%+%>. L+ d+%+
+cee+, O"sn =nc6 #(nc.in+ c+ !reAedin%e !e %er$en(" de (n +n +"
scie%6.ii $+$6, Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n de N(%ri.ie, Ai de.ine+ !(%ere+
de + #+ce +se$ene+ "(cr(ri.
Mi8+d(c +$in%e ce +$ /7ndi% +%(nci, Ai +n($e c6
+se$ene+ *es%e n( er+ nici s(r!riC6, nici deC+$6/ire. Er+$
cnA%ien% c6 er+$ +i+ ne+/r6 + c$i%e%("(i Ai de!6Aise$ $6s(r+
=nc6 de "+ =n%7"nire+ in+(/(r+"6 din +n(" +n%erir. D+c6 +A #i
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DEKINDORMAREA
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scenei #+.6 de #e"(" c($ #6ce+ =n !(B"ic.
C( c+Cie +$ c6"6%ri% =n%r8(n r+A din !+r%e+ de s(s +
s%+%("(i Ne38?r@ (nde +$ #s% in*i%+% s6 .in cn#erin.6 "+
sedi(" "c+" +" Scie%6.ii A$eric+ne !en%r( C+ncer, +A+ c($ $+i
#6c(se$ Ai =n +"%e !6r.i. =n %i$!(" !reCen%6rii $e"e, +$ #"si%
i$+/ine c+re #6ce+ re#erire "+ n(+ r/+niC+.ie AICR. N( +$
$en.in+% c6 Ai e( #+c !+r%e din +ce+s%+, +A+ c6 +(dien.+ n( er+
cnA%ien%6 de #+!%(" c6 e( er+$ cnsi"ier(" "r A%iin.i#ic senir.
D(!6 !reCen%+re s8+( !(s =n%reB6ri, Ai /+Cd+ $e+ $8+
=n%reB+%I T%i.i c6 AICR es%e r/+niC+.ie de A+r"+%+ni?> N(>, +$
s!(s, n( A%i(>. M6 %e$ c6 n( +$ #6c(% !re+ Bine +sc(nC7nd(8$i
sce!%icis$(" c( !ri*ire "+ c$en%+ri(" ei, !en%r( c6 e+ s8+ si$.i%
B"i/+%6 s6 e<!"iceI Ace+ r/+niC+.ie es%e cnd(s6 de (n /r(! de
A+r"+%+ni Ai dc%ri discredi%+.i. Unii din%re ei +( #s% c)i+r "+
=nc)is+re>. L+ =nc)is+re? As%+ c)i+r er+ n(%+%e Ai !en%r(
$ineH
Din n(, #6r6 s68$i deC*6"(i +sciere+ $e+ c( AICR, +$
=n%reB+%I De (nde A%i.i +ces% "(cr(?> E+ + s!(s c6 + *6C(% (n
c$(nic+% c+re circ("+se !rin sedii"e "c+"e +"e Scie%6.ii
A$eric+ne !en%r( C+ncer !re%(%indeni =n .+r6. =n+in%e de + !"ec+,
+$ +r+n'+% s68$i %ri$i%6 c!ie + +ce"(i c$(nic+% "+ c+re #6c(se
re#erin.6 Ai =n #+r%e sc(r% %i$! +$ in%r+% =n !sesi+ $+%eri+"("(i.
C$(nic+%(" #(sese %ri$is de "+ Bir(" !reAedin%e"(i n+.in+" +"
Scie%6.ii A$eric+ne !en%r( C+ncer, c+re er+, de +se$ene+,
direc%r senir +" !res%i/is("(i Ins%i%(% Rs3e"" Me$ri+" !en%r(
Cerce%+re+ C+ncer("(i din B(## +". Aces% c$(nic+% !re%inde+ c6
!reAedin%e"e> A%iin.i#ic +" r/+niC+.iei, #6r6 s6 $6 n($e+sc6
!ersn+", cnd(ce+ (n /r(! de !% s+( n(6> dc%ri discredi%+.i,
din%re c+re $+i $(".i !e%rec(ser6 ce*+ %i$! =n =nc)is+re. T%("
er+ !(r6 n6sccire. Nici $6c+r n( +$ rec(nsc(% n($e"e +ces%r
$edici discredi%+.i Ai n8+*e+$ idee c($ s8+r #i !(%(% !rni ce*+
+%7% de r6(%6cis.
D(!6 ce +$ #6c(% ce*+ $+i $("%e in*es%i/+.ii, +$ desc!eri%
!ers+n+ de "+ Bir(" Scie%6.ii A$eric+ne !en%r( C+ncer din
B(##+" c+re er+ res!ns+Bi"6 !en%r( +ce" c$(nic+% Ai i8+$
%e"e#n+%. De"c s(r!rinC6%r, e" + #s% e*+Ci* Ai $i8+ s!(s d+r c6
+ !ri$i% +ce+s%6 in#r$+.ie de "+ (n re!r%er s(B cndi.i+
+nni$+%("(i. A #s% i$!siBi" s6 d6$ de (r$+ s(rsei ri/in+"e.
Sin/(r(" "(cr( !e c+re =" A%i( =n $d si/(r es%e c6 +ces% c$(nic+%
+ #s% dis%riB(i% de c6%re Bir(" !reAedin%e"(i Scie%6.ii A$eric+ne
!en%r( C+ncer.
A$ +#"+% de +se$ene+ des!re Cnsi"i(" N+.in+" !en%r(
Prd(se L+c%+%e, (n !(%ernic /r(! de "BBy !en%r( +ce+s%6
ind(s%rie, c6 B.in(se c!ie + +ce"(i+Ai r+!r% Ai =nce!(se s6
dis%riB(ie n%6 !r!rie "+ Bir(ri"e "r "c+"e din .+r6. C+$!+ni+
$(rd+r6 =$!%ri*+ AICR er+ =n !"in6 des#6A(r+re. Ind(s%ri+
+"i$en%+r6, ce+ #+r$+ce(%ic6 Ai $edic+"6 !rin s+(0Ai !+r+"e" c(
Scie%+%e+ A$eric+n6 !en%r( C+ncer Ai Cnsi"i(" N+.in+" !en%r(
Prd(se L+c%+%e =Ai +r6%+( +de*6r+%+ #+.6. Pre*enire+ c+ncer("(i c(
cs%(ri red(se, !r#i%(ri $ici !rin in%er$edi(" +"i$en%e"r de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 n( er+ Bine !ri*i%6 de c6%re ind(s%rii"e +"i$en%+r6,
#+r$+ce(%ic6 Ai $edic+"6. C( s!ri'in(" $+ss8$ediei !(%ere+ "r
re(ni%6 de + in#"(en.+ !(B"ic(" + #s% c!"eAi%+re.
CONSECINE PERSONALE
Din+"(" +ces%ei e<!erien.e es%e %%(Ai (n(" #erici%. DeAi !ri$ii
di +ni +i AICR +( #s% %("B(ri Ai /rei !en%r( $ine +%7% din !(nc%
de *edere !ersn+" c7% Ai !r#esin+", c+$!+nii"e $(rd+re +(
=nce!(% s6 sc+d6 =n +$!"+re. Ne$+i8#iind cnsider+%6
$+r/in+"iC+%6>, AICR s8+ e<%ins +c($ =n An/"i+ F4r"d C+ncer
Rese+rc) D(nd0Dnd(" Mndi+" !en%r( Cerce%+re+ C+ncer("(i,
4CRD, din Lndr+G Ai =n +"%e !6r.i. De $+i Bine de d(6Ceci de
+ni, AICR +
cnd(s (n !r/r+$ c+re #in+n.e+C6 !riec%e de cerce%+re Ai
ed(c+.ie c( !ri*ire "+ "e/6%(r+ din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai c+ncer. E( +$
ini.i+%, r/+niC+% Ai cnd(s =n c+"i%+%e de !reAedin%e +ces% /r+ndis
!r/r+$ Ai +$ cn%in(+% +!i =n c+"i%+%e de cnsi"ier A%iin.i#ic
senir %i$! de $+i $(".i +ni, c( $ici =n%rer(!eri =n !eri+d+ de
=nce!(%.
Un "(cr( ne#erici% %reB(ie %%(Ai $en.in+%. A$ #s% in#r$+%
de c6%re c$i%e%(" direc%r +" scie%6.ii de n(%ri.ie c6 di $e$Bri
+i s6i FBB O"sn Ai A"# 5+r!erG !r!(seser6 e<c"(dere+ $e+ din
scie%+%e, !rB+Bi" din c+(C+ +scierii $e"e c( AICR. Ar #i #s%
!ri$+ e<c"(dere din is%ri+ scie%6.ii. A %reB(i% s6 $er/ "+
4+s)in/%n s6 #i( in%er*ie*+%> de !reAedin%e"e scie%6.ii Ai
direc%r(" !en%r( n(%ri.ie de "+ Dd +nd Dr(/ Ad$inis%r+%in
FAd$inis%r+.i+ !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai Medic+$en%e, DDAG.
M+'ri%+%e+ =n%reB6ri"r "r +( #s% c( !ri*ire "+ AICR.
T% c+"*+r(" +ces%+ s8+ d*edi% + #i $+i ci(d+% c)i+r dec7%
#ic.i(ne+. S6 e<c"(Ci (n $e$Br( de *+C6 +" scie%6.ii 8"+ sc(r%
%i$! d(!6 ce #(sese$ n$in+"iC+% + #i !reAedin%e"e r/+niC+.iei 8
!en%r( c6 $6 i$!"ic+se$ =n%r8 r/+niC+.ie !en%r( cerce%+re+
c+ncer("(i? M+i %7rCi(, $8+$ %reCi% re#"ec%7nd +s(!r+ +ces%(i
c+"*+r =$!re(n6 c( (n c"e/ c+re c(nA%e+ dedes(B%(ri"e din
scie%+%e+ n+s%r6, !r#esr(" S+$ T*e de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+
s%+%("(i C+r"in+ de Nrd. E", desi/(r, A%i+ %%(" "e/+% de
in*es%i/+.ii, c+ Ai +"%e %ic6"Aii. =n disc(.ii"e n+s%re, i8+$ s!(s c6
AYCR es%e r/+niC+.ie de$n6, ce +re in%en.ii B(ne. R6s!(ns("
"(i + #s% =n reCn+n.6 c( +" $e(, =n%%de+(n+ de8+%(nciI N( e
*rB+ de AICR>, + s!(s e", es%e *rB+ de cee+ +i #6c(% =n r+!r%("
Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e + T%iin.e"r0N AS "e/+% de die%6, n(%ri.ie Ai
c+ncer>.
C7nd =n i(nie JOR9 r+!r%(" NAS cnc"(Cin+ c6 (n +!r%
red(s de /r6si$i Ai (n +!r% cresc(% de #r(c%e, "e/($e Ai !rd(se
din cere+"e in%e/r+"e +r cns%i%(i +"i$en%+.ie $+i s6n6%+s6, =n
c)ii (nr+ e( %r6d+se$ c$(ni%+%e+ de cerce%+re =n n(%ri.ie. D(!6
%+%e !rB+Bi"i%6.i"e, =n c+"i%+%e+ $e+ de cerce%6%r +" c+ncer("(i
din /r(!(" +ce"+ s!eci+" Fer+$ 9 cerce%6%riG, $isi(ne+ $e+ er+ s6
!r%e'eC re!(%+.i+ die%ei +$eric+ne +A+ c($ er+ e+. C($ e( n( +$
#6c(% +ces%
"(cr(, i$!"ic+re+ $e+ ("%eri+r6 =n AICR Ai !r$*+re+ de c6%re
+ce+s%+ + r+!r%("(i NAS +( =nr6(%6.i% "(cr(ri"e.
Din #ericire, r+.i(ne+ + %ri($#+% =n %+%6 +ce+s%6 "(!%6
+Bs(rd6. S8+ .in(% =n%r(nire de c$i%e% !en%r( + se *%+ d+c6 s6
#i( e<c"(s din scie%+%e Ai +$ s(!r+*ie.(i% (Ar *%("(i FS8:, c(
d(6 +B.ineriG.
A #s% /re( s6 n( !(n "+ s(#"e% +ces% "(cr(, =ns6 +ici es%e
*rB+ des!re ce*+ $+i +$!"(, ce de!6AeA%e +s!ec%(" !ersn+". =n
"($e+ n(%ri.iei Ai + s6n6%6.ii, +$enii de A%iin.6 n( s(n% "iBeri s68Ai
(r$eCe cerce%6ri"e =n direc.i+ =n c+re d(c e"e. A'(n/ere+ "+
cnc"(Cii re"e>, c)i+r !rin in%er$edi(" A%iin.ei de !ri$ r+n/ +r
!(%e+ d(ce "+ dis%r(/ere+ c+rierei. D+c6 =ncerci s6 r6s!7ndeA%i
+ces%e cnc"(Cii re"e> !(B"ic("(i, !en%r( Bine"e s6n6%6.ii +ces%(i+,
de +se$ene+ !+%e d(ce "+ dis%r(/ere+ c+rierei. A $e+ n( + #s%
=ns6 dis%r(s6 8+$ #s% nrcs, +( #s% c7.i*+ +$eni B(ni c+re +(
"(+% !Ci.ie de !+r%e+ $e+. L(cr(ri"e +r #i !(%(% s6 e*"(eCe $("%
$+i r6(.
D(!6 %+%e +ces%e $("%e c)in(ri, +$ =n.e"es de ce +
!rced+% +A+ scie%+%e+ $e+. Pre$ii"e #in+n.+%e de Me+d
)nsn N(%ri%in+"s, "+Br+%+re"e Leder"e, BiSer*e
Qi%ec)n"/ies Ai =n+in%e de +ce+s%+ Prc%er +nd G+$B"e Ai
Ins%i%(%(" D+nnn 8 %+%e +ces%e ins%i%(.ii #iind #(rniC+re de
ec)i!+$en%e !en%r( ind(s%ri+ +"i$en%+r6 Ai #+r$+ce(%ic6 8
re!reCen%+( (n $+ri+' s%r+ni( =n%re ind(s%rie Ai scie%+%e+
$e+.
R
Crede.i +re c6 +ceA%i !rie%eni> +i scie%6.ii +( *re(n
in%eres s6 cn%in(e cerce%+re+ A%iin.i#ic6, ric+re +r #i
cnc"(Cii"e?
CGNS=CINJ=L= (=NT*U (U)LIC
=n ("%i$6 ins%+n.6, "ec.ii"e !e c+re "e8+$ =n*6.+% =n c+rier+
$e+ +( $+i !(.in de8+ #+ce c( +n($i%e n($e s+( +n($i%e
ins%i%(.ii. Aces%e "ec.ii +( de8+ #+ce $+i $("% c( cee+ ce se !e%rece
=n s!+%e"e scenei ric6rei ins%i%(.ii $+ri. Cee+ ce se !e%rece =n
c("ise =n %i$!(" disc(.ii"r !"i%ice !e !"+n n+.in+", #ie c6 +ce+s%+
+re "c =n c+dr(" (nr scie%6.i A%iin.i#ice, "+ ni*e"
/(*ern+$en%+" s+( =n c$i%e%e"e
ind(s%ri+"e, es%e e<%re$ de i$!r%+n% !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6 c+
n+.i(ne. E<!erien.e"e !ersn+"e de c+re +$ *rBi% =n +ces% c+!i%" 8
Ai s(n% d+r c7%e*+ 8 +( cnsecin.e c( $("% $+i /r+*e dec7%
+#ec%+re+ s+( dis%r(/ere+ c+rierei $e"e. Aces%e e<!erien.e sc% I+
"($in6 !+r%e+ =n%(nec+s6 + A%iin.ei, !+r%e+ c+re #+ce r6( n( n($+i
cerce%6%ri"r c+re se !(n =n dr($, ci Ai =n%re/ii scie%6.i. Ti
+ce+s%+ se #+ce !rin =ncerc+re+ cn%in(6 de + +sc(nde, =n#r7n/e Ai
dis%r(/e +ce"e !(nc%e de *edere cn%r+re s%+%(s8a(8("(i.
E<is%6 !ers+ne =n !Ci.ii #+r%e in#"(en%e =n /(*ern Ai
(ni*ersi%6.i c+re !ere+C6 s(B $+sc+ de e<!er.i> =n A%iin.6, + c6rr
$isi(ne re+"6 es%e +cee+ de + =n6B(Ai deCB+%eri"e A%iin.i#ice
desc)ise Ai nes%e. P+%e !ri$esc c$!ens+.ii !ersn+"e
se$ni#ic+%i*e !en%r( c6 =Ai +d(c +!r%(" =n in%eres(" !(%ernice"r
c$!+nii +"i$en%+re Ai de $edic+$en%e, s+( !+%e +( d+r
=nc"in+.ie !ersn+"6 nes%6 #+.6 de (n !(nc% de *edere +" (nei
c$!+nii =n $d !rie%enesc. D+*riC+re+ !ersn+"6 es%e $+i
!(%ernic6 dec7% *6 !(%e.i =nc)i!(i. E( c(nsc +$eni de A%iin.6 ce
+( +*(% $e$Bri +i #+$i"iei c+re +( $(ri% de c+ncer Ai =i =n#(rie "+
c("$e /7nd(" c6 +r #i e<is%+% !siBi"i%+%e+ c+ +"e/eri"e !ersn+"e,
c($ +r #i die%+, s6 #i !(%(% '(c+ (n r" =n $+r%e+ ce"r dr+/i +i "r.
De +se$ene+, e<is%6 +$eni de A%iin.6 !en%r( c+re die%+ B/+%6 =n
/r6si$i, #+r%e B/+%6 =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, !e c+re
cns($6 =n #iec+re Ci, es%e !(r Ai si$!"( cee+ ce +( =n*6.+% c6 es%e
s6n6%s =nc6 de "+ *7rs%6 #r+/ed6W "e !"+ce, Ai n( *r s8 sc)i$Be.
M+re+ $+'ri%+%e + +$eni"r de A%iin.6 s(n% +$eni de
n+re, in%e"i/en.i Ai dedic+.i cerce%6rii $+i de/r+B6 !en%r( Bine"e
c$(n dec7% !en%r( Bine"e !ersn+". T%(Ai, e<is%6 Ai c7.i*+
+$eni de A%iin.6, c+re s(n% /+%+ s6 =Ai *7nd6 s(#"e%(" +ce"(i+ c+re
#er6 $+i $("%. DeAi n( s(n% $(".i "+ n($6r, in#"(en.+ "r !+%e #i
c*7rAi%+re. Ei !% s%ric+ B(n(" n($e +" ins%i%(.ii"r din c+re #+c
!+r%e Ai, $+i i$!r%+n% dec7% +ce+s%+, ei !% cre+ $+re cn#(Cie
=n r7nd(" !(B"ic("(i, c+re de re/("6 n( A%ie cine ce es%e. =n%r8 Ci,
desc)iC7nd %e"e*iCr(" *eCi (n e<!er% c+re "+(d6 )+$B(r/erii de "+
McD8n+"ds, i+r +!i =n +cee+Ai Ci ci%eA%i =n%r8 re*is%6 c6 +r %reB(i
s6 $6n7nci $+i !(.in6 c+rne rAie,
B/+%6 =n /r6si$i, !en%r( + %e #eri de c+ncer. Pe cine s6 $+i creCi?
Ti ins%i%(.ii"e se =nc+dre+C6 =n !+r%e+ =n%(nec+s6 + A%iin.ei.
C$i%e%e de %i!(" C$i%e%("(i !en%r( In#r$+.ii P(B"ice des!re
N(%ri.ie Ai Cnsi"i(" A$eric+n !en%r( T%iin.6 /enere+C6 /r(!(ri de
s!eci+"iA%i, c$i%e%e Ai ins%i%(.ii c+re +c.ine+C6 s%r7$B, in%eres+%e
$+i de/r+B6 s6 =Ai !r$*eCe !(nc%(" "r de *edere dec7% s6 i+
!+r%e "+ deCB+%eri A%iin.i#ice c( +%i%(dine desc)is6. D+c6 (n
r+!r% +" C$i%e%("(i !en%r( In#r$+.ii P(B"ice des!re N(%ri.ie
s!(ne c6 die%e"e c( /r6si$i !(.ine s(n% =nAe"6%rii, i+r (n r+!r% +"
Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e + T%iin.e"r s!(ne e<+c% !(s(", cine +re
dre!%+%e?
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, +ce+s%6 !ers!ec%i*6 =n/(s%6 din A%iin.6
se r6s!7ndeA%e =n %% sis%e$(". Scie%+%e+ A$eric+n6 + C+ncer("(i
n( + #s% sin/(r+ ins%i%(.ie de s6n6%+%e c+re + #6c(% Ci"e +$+re
AICR. O#ici(" !en%r( in#r$+.ii !(B"ice +" Ins%i%(%("(i N+.in+" +"
C+ncer("(i, Tc+"+ de Medicin6 5+r*+rd Ai +"%e c7%e*+ (ni*ersi%6.i
c( Ac"i $edic+"e +( #s% #+r%e sce!%ice =n ce !ri*eA%e A"C#c Ai, =n
c7%e*+ c+C(ri, %%+" s%i"e. Os%i"i%+%e+ Ac"i"r de $edicin6 $8+
s(r!rins "+ =nce!(%, d+r c7nd =n "(!%6 s8+ +"6%(r+% Ai Scie%+%e+
A$eric+n6 !en%r( C+ncer, ins%i%(.ie $edic+"6 #+r%e %r+di.in+"6,
+ de*eni% e*iden% c6 er+ *rB+ de Ins%i%(.ie Medic+"6>.
Mns%r("(i n( =i cn*ene+ idee+ (nei "e/6%(ri seri+se =n%re
+"i$en%+.ie Ai c+ncer s+( din%re +"i$en%+.ie Ai rice +"%6 B+"6.
M+re+ $edicin6 din A$eric+ es%e +#+cere =n c+re B+"+ es%e
%r+%+%6 c( $edic+$en%e Ai c)ir(r/ie d(!6 ce +!+r si$!%$e"e.
Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 c6 d+c6 desc)iCi %e"e*iCr(", *eCi c6 Scie%+%e+
A$eric+n6 !en%r( C+ncer n( d6 +!r+!e de"c creC+re ideii c6
+"i$en%+.i+ +r +*e+ *re "e/6%(r6 c( c+ncer(", i+r d+c6 desc)iCi
Ci+r(", *eCi c6 Ins%i%(%(" A$eric+n !en%r( C+ncer =.i s!(ne c6 cee+
ce $6n7nci in#"(en.e+C6 risc(" de + #+ce c+ncer. Pe cine s6 $+i
creCi?
D+r cine c(n+A%e !+r%e+ "6(n%ric6 + sis%e$("(i !+%e #+ce
dis%inc.ie =n%re !Ci.ii"e sincere, =n%e$ei+%e !e A%iin.6, Ai !Ci.ii"e
nesincere, +d(c6%+re de !r#i% !ersn+". A$ #s% =n in%erir("
+ces%(i sis%e$ %i$! de $(".i +ni, +$ "(cr+% "+
ce"e $+i =n+"%e ni*e"(ri Ai +$ *6C(% des%("e "(cr(ri c+ s6 !% s!(ne
c6 A%iin.+ n( cerce%e+C6 =n%%de+(n+ =n $d nes% !en%r( +
desc!eri +de*6r(" +A+ c($ $(".i cred c6 e+ #+ce. M("% !re+
+dese+ B+nii, !(%ere+, e/is$(" Ai !r%e'+re+ in%erese"r !ersn+"e
s(n% !(se $+i !res(s de Bine"e c$(n. Nici n( e ne*ie de !re+
$("%e +c%e i"e/+"e !en%r( +ce+s%+. N( e *rB+ de $+ri rec$!ense
c+re s(n% "i*r+%e =n cn%(ri secre%e din B6nci s+( (nr de%ec%i*i
!+r%ic("+ri =n )"(ri !"ine de #($ din )%e"(ri. N( e !*es%e de
5""y3dW es%e d+r cee+ ce #+ce /(*ern(", A%iin.+ Ai ind(s%ri+ Ci
de Ci =n S%+%e"e Uni%e.
1?
*=DUCTIGNIS/UL
C7nd C$i%e%(" ns%r( !en%r( Die%6, N(%ri.ie Ai C+ncer din
c+dr(" Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e de T%iin.6 FNASG )%6r+ =n ce #e" s6
cnc"(CineCe cerce%6ri"e !ri*ind +"i$en%+.i+ Ai c+ncer(", +$ decis
s6 inc"(de$ c+!i%"e des!re n(%rien.i =n $d indi*id(+", Ai /r(!e
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din +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6.[ <u alte cuvinte, defapt toate
acestefemei sunt mai carnivore dec&t femeia american' o*i%nuit'.
;le consum' o cantitate foarte mic' de alimente integrale, de
origine vegetal'.
Aces%+ cns%i%(ie (n !(nc% e<%re$ de i$!r%+n%, cr(ci+". C+
s6 $er/e$ $+i de!+r%e c( !ers!ec%i*+ n+s%r6, %reB(ie s6 $6
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d("ci(ri Ai /(s%6ri c( cn.in(% red(s de /r6si$i>G.
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n($+i =n !ri*in.+ cns($("(i de /r6si$iH Cee+ ce deC*6"(ie de
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+%7% es%e $+i $ic risc(" de c+ncer de s7n.
D+r =n%r(c7% #e$ei"e din c+dr(" Studiului pentru S'n'tatea
Surorilor Fedicale s(n% +%7% de de!+r%e de die%6 !e B+C6 de
!"+n%e, nu e0ist' posi*ilitate de a studia rela)ia dintre alimenta)ie
%i cancerul de s&n sugerat' ini)ial de studiile interna)ionale. =n
re+"i%+%e n( e<is%6 s(rri $edic+"e c+re #"sesc die%+ .6ri"r din
!+r%e+ de 's + +ces%(i /r+#ic. D6r6 s6 /reAi$ !(%e$ +#ir$+I !r+c%ic
+ce+s%6 =n%re+/6 c)r%6 de s(rri $edic+"e #"seA%e +"i$en%+.ie
c( risc #+r%e =n+"%. M+'ri%+%e+ ce"r c+re !ri*esc +ces% Studiu
pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale sc+!6 din *edere +ce+s%6
de#icien.6 + "(i de+rece, +A+ c($ *r sc+%e =n e*iden.6
cerce%6%rii de "+ 5+r*+rd, s(rri"e $edic+"e cns($6 #+r%e
$+re c+n%i%+%e de /r6si$i.
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$6n7nc6 =n '(r de L:8LL^ din %%+"("
c+"rii"r "r c+ /r6si$i.
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s%+( c)i+r +A+, de+rece %+%e +ces%e #e$ei cns($6 +"i$en%+.ie
#+r%e B/+%6 =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. Ace+s%+ +%r+/e de "+
sine =n%reB+re+, c($ es%e !siBi" c+ +!r%(" "r de /r6si$i s6
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=n%re cns($(" de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai ce" de ri/ine
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$6ri% +!r%(" %%+" de c+rne Ai +s%#e" se =nre/is%re+C6 c+n%i%6.i
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%e)n"/iei +"i$en%+re.
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%i/+ie D+s"e *erde c(
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Cris! c( $6r
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(nde ce" ce #+ce +!r*iCin+re+ #+$i"iei de I+ B6c6nie BiAn(ieA%e
s6 ci%e+sc6 e%ic)e%e"e #iec6r(i +r%ic" +"i$en%+r !e c+re =" c($!6r6.
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+ceA%i+ +( $+s6 B/+%6>. ReC("%+%("I $7nc+re c( cn.in(%
$+re de /r6si$i.
A$Be"e $eni(ri #er6 +!r<i$+%i* J::: de c+"rii d+r s(n%
cnsider+Bi" di#eri%e =n ce !ri*eA%e cn.in(%(" =n /r6si$i. Meni("
c( cn.in(% red(s =n /r6si$i Fnr. JG cn.ine c+$ d(6Ceci Ai cinci
/r+$e de /r6si$e, i+r $eni(" c( cn.in(% $+re =n /r6si$i Fnr. 9G
cn.ine !es%e S: / /r6si$i. L+ $+s+ c( cn.in(% red(s de /r6si$i,
99^ din %%+"(" c+"rii"r !r*in din /r6si$i, i+r "+ ce+ c( cn.in(%
$+re de /r6si$i LP^ din %%+"(" c+"rii"r !r*in din /r6si$i.
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$eni( c+re +re (n cn.in(% $("% $+i red(s =n /r6si$i dec7% $+s+
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$d !r!r.in+" r+!r%(" din%re cns($(" de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 Ai ce"e de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6. A$Be"e $eni(ri se B+Ce+C6 !e +"i$en%e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6.
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+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 dec7% ce+ c( cn.in(% $+re de
/r6si$i. =n%r8+de*6r, +ces%+ es%e $%i*(" !en%r( c+re =n c+dr("
Studiului pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale s8+ +'(ns "+ +A+
$+re *+ri+.ie + +!r%("(i de /r6si$i. Pr+c%ic (ne"e s(rri $edic+"e
s(n% $+i s7r/(inci+se =n + +"e/e !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 c(
cn.in(% s6r+c =n /r6si$i.
T$belul 1?9M; Nutrien"ii con"inu"i n cele 6 meniuri
/eniul ]1 cu con"inut
s&r$c de %r&simi
/eniul ]6 cu con"inut
m$re de %r&simi
Gr6si$i F^ din %%+"
c+"riiG
66N M?N
Pr%eine F^ din %%+"
c+"riiG
HCN 1CN
Pr%eine %%+"e F^G
!r*eni%e din +"i$en%e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6
2HN 4CN
C"es%er" Q:; JSL
P+%e c6 $(".i +$eni cnsider6 +se$ene+ $+s6 c(
cn.in(% red(s =n /r6si$i c+ !e (n %ri($# +" (nei !"+ni#ic6ri
s6n6%+se de $eni(, d+r ce !(%e$ s!(ne des!re cei"+".i n(%rien.i
din c+dr(" +ces%r $eni(ri? Ce !(%e$ s!(ne des!re !r%eine Ai
c"es%er"? Dup' cum reiese, masa cu con)inut s'rac (n gr'simi
con)ine proteine (n cantitate mai mult dec&t du*lu fa)' de cea cu
con)inut ridicat (n gr'simi %i aproape toate provin din alimen te de
origine animal'. 7i, pe l&ng' aceasta, masa cu con)inut s'rac (n
gr'simi con)ine aproape de dou' ori mai mult colesterol F%+Be"("
JP.LG.[
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ne#+*r+Bi"e +s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii, "+ #e" c+ Ai die%e"e c( +!r% $+re de
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+ces%r di n(%rien.i nes6n6%Ai es%e se$ni#ic+%i* $+i $+re.
GRXSIMILE 2S. ALIMENTELE
DE ORIGINE ANIMALX
C7nd #e$ei"e din A$eric+, c($ +( #s% ce"e in*es%i/+%e !rin
Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale Ai ce"e din %es%(" de
(n $i"i+rd de d"+ri n($i% ;0perimentul pentru S'n'tatea
EemeilorV>[[, =Ai red(c +!r%(" de /r6si$i, e"e n( #+c +ces% "(cr(
!rin red(cere+ cns($("(i de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. =n "c
de +ce+s%+, e"e #"sesc !rd(se de ri/ine +ni$+"6 c( cn.in(%
red(s =n /r6si$i s+( #6r6 /r6si$i, =$!re(n6 c( #"sire+ red(s6 +
/r6si$ii =n %i$!(" /6%i%("(i Ai "+ $+s6. As%#e", e"e nu +d!%6 die%e"e
des!re c+re s%(dii"e c$!+r+%i*e in%ern+.in+"e Ai s%(di(" ns%r(
din Cn+ r(r+"6 + C)inei +( +r6%+% c6 s(n% +sci+%e c( r+%e $+i
sc6C(%e +"e c+ncer("(i de s7n.
Ace+s%+ cns%i%(ie discre!+n.6 #+r%e i$!r%+n%6 Ai es%e
i"(s%r+%6 !rin cre"+.i+ din%re cns($(" de !r%eine +"i$en%+re de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai de /r6si$i e#ec%(+%6 !en%r( (n /r(! de .6ri
F/r+#ic(" JP.SG.M[i3[9i Di+/r+$+ ce+ $+i de$n6 de =ncredere +
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creA%e =n%r8 $+nier6 !+r+"e"6 +!r+!e !er#ec%6. De +se$ene+,
Studiul <hina +r+%6 cre"+.ie si$i"+r6 de RP^ + +!r%(ri"r de
/r6si$i c( !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6[>
=n Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale n( s%+(
+s%#e" "(cr(ri"e. Cre"+.i+ din%re +!r%(" de !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 Ai +!r%(" de /r6si$i %%+"e es%e de d+r JS^.[ =n Studiul
pentru S'n'tatea Eemeilor, ce c(!rinde de +se$ene+ #e$ei
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=n*6.+%e s6 cre+d6 c6, d+c6 *r red(ce +!r%(" de /r6si$i, e"e *r
+*e+ +"i$en%+.ie $+i s6n6%+s6. O sr6 $edic+"6 ce cns($6
die%6 s6r+c6 =n /r6si$i>, in*es%i/+%6 !rin s%(di(" de "+ 5+r*+rd, c+
Ai #e$ei"e +$eric+ne de !re%(%indeni, es%e !siBi" + cns($+ =n
cn%in(+re c+n%i%6.i $+ri de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6, +A+ c($
se +r+%6 =n $eni(" nr. J F%+Be"(" JP.PG.
Din ne#ericire, +ce+s%6 d*+d6 + e#ec%e"r +"i$en%e"r de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 +s(!r+ c+ncer("(i Ai + +"%r B"i +"e +#"(en.ei + #s%
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cncen%r6$ +s(!r+ /r6si$i"r Ai + +"%r n(%rien.i "(+.i =n $d
iC"+%. Din c+(C+ +ces%(i "(cr(, Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor
Fedicale, c+ de #+!% rice +"% s%(di( e!ide$i8"/ic !(B"ic+% !7n6
+c($, + #s% /r+* +"%er+% =n !ri*in.+ cre"6rii die%ei c( !+%"/i+. =n
re+"i%+%e %.ii s(Biec.ii s%(di+.i #"sesc c)i+r die%+ c+re !rd(ce
B"i"e +#"(en.ei. D+c6 (n #e" de +"i$en% de ri/ine +ni$+"6 es%e
=n"c(i% c( (n +"%(", +r(nci e#ec%e"e +d*erse +"e +$Be"r +"i$en%e,
=n c$!+r+.ie c( +"i$en%e"e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, s(n% sc6!+%e c(
(A(rin.6 din *edere. Pen%r( + =nr6(%6.i Ai $+i $("% "(cr(ri"e, +ces%e
s%(dii se cncen%re+C6 +dese+ +s(!r+ cns($("(i (n(i sin/(r
n(%rien%, c($ +r #i /r6si$i"e. Din c+(C+ +ces%r "i!s(ri #+r%e
seri+se, +ces%e s%(dii +( #s% (n +de*6r+% deC+s%r( !en%r(
desc!erire+ e#ec%e"r c( +de*6r+% se$ni#ic+%i*e +"e +"i$en%+.iei
+s(!r+ +ces%r B"i.
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!r%eine +ni$+"e.
*=SULTAT= D=/N= D= G INE=STIJI= D=
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!ri*ire +s(!r+ cnc"(Cii"r +ces%(i s%(di(. D(!6 $+i $("% de J::
$i"i+ne ` c)e"%(i.i Ai decenii de $(nc6, +*e$ Ai reC("%+%e.
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s7n? I+%6 c7%e*+ din desc!eriri, ci%+%e c(*7n% c( c(*7n%I
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+"e +!r%("(i de /r6si$i, c7% Ai + e#ec%("(i !r%ec%r +" cns($("(i
de #iBre +s(!r+ inciden.ei c+ncer("(i de s7n "+ #e$ei"e de *7rs%6
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9Q
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Tr$ducere; Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale nu
a detectat vreo leg'tur' (n tregr'simile alimen tare, fi*re %i riscul
de cancer de s&n.
0 N( +$ /6si% d*eCi c6 (n +!r% $+i red(s de /r6si$i %%+"e s+(
+" (nr %i!(ri s!eci#ice de /r6si$i + #s% +sci+% c( (n risc $+i $ic
de c+ncer de
s7n.>
J:
Tr$ducere; Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale nu
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cns($(" de c+rne s+( !rd(se "+c%+%e Ai risc(" de c+ncer de s7n.
9
-
M(".i +$eni +r s!(ne, Bine, +s%+ es%e. N( e<is%6 d*eCi
cn*in/6%+re des!re +sciere+ cns($("(i de c+rne Ai !rd(se
"+c%+%e c( risc(" cresc(% de c+ncer de s7n.> D+r )+ide.i s6 $+i
+r(nc6$ !ri*ire "+ +ce+s%6 +n+"iC6 !res(!(s6 + #i $+i s#is%ic+%6.
T+%e ce"e !% s%(dii c(!rinse =n +ce+s%6 +n+"iC6 re!reCen%+(
die%e ce cn.ine+( $+re !r!r.ie de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6. De #+!%, #iec+re s%(di( din +ce+s%6 +n+"iC6 (ni#ic+%6 +
s(#eri% de +cee+Ai de#icien%6 de c+re + s(#eri% Ai Studiul pentru
S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale. N( +re nici (n sens, Ai n( es%e de
nici (n #"s + c$Bin+ s%(dii de +ces% #e". =n ci(d+ #+!%("(i c6 +(
#s% i$!"ic+%e QLJ.:PJ #e$ei Ai ;Q;O c+C(ri de c+ncer de s7n =n
+ce+s%6 B+C6 de d+%e (ri+A6, +ces%e reC("%+%e n( !% de%ec%+
+de*6r+%(" e#ec% +" die%e"r B/+%e =n c+rne Ai !rd(se "+c%+%e
+s(!r+ risc("(i de c+ncer de s7n. Ti d+c6 +r #i s%(di+%e c)i+r c7%e*+
$i"i+ne de !ers+ne si%(+.i+ +r #i "+ #e" de re"e*+n%6. C+ Ai Studiul
pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale +ces%e s%(dii +( c(!rins die%e
%i!ic *es%ice, #+r%e den+%(r+%e, c( +ccen% !e cns($(" de +"i$en%e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6, =n c+re +$enii se c(!6 de +s!ec%e
nei$!r%+n%e, c($ +r #i +!r%(" (n(i sin/(r n(%rien% s+( +" (n(i
sin/(r +"i$en% d+%6. Diec+re s%(di( + d+% /reA =n e*+"(+re+ (n(i
s!ec%r( $("% $+i "+r/ +" !.i(ni"r +"i$en%+re, inc"(si* +" ce"r
c+re +( de$ns%r+% e#ec%e !Ci%i*e +s(!r+ risc("(i de c+ncer de s7n
din %rec(%.
IGNORZND CRITICA MEA
Od+%6, d(!6 ce +$ ci%i% (n $+%eri+" des!re !r%eine"e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai B+"+ de ini$6 din Studiul pentru S'n'tatea
Surorilor Fedicale+ e( +$ !(B"ic+% (n +r%ic" cri%ic> c+re +
c(!rins c+$ +ce"e+Ai !(nc%e c+ Ai ce"e !e c+re "e e<!(n =n +ces%
c+!i%", inc"(si* inc+!+ci%+%e+ Studiului
pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor Fedicale de + !r/res+ =n.e"e/ere+
n+s%r6 c( !ri*ire "+ s%(dii"e cre"+%i*e ri/in+"e in%ern+.in+"e. Ei
+( r6s!(ns, i+r sc)i$B(" de idei =n%re ni + #s% d(!6 c($
(r$e+C6.
M+i =n%7i, c$en%+ri(" $e(I
=n c+dr(" +ce"ei+Ai cn#i/(r+.ii die%e%ice c+A+ de B/+%6 =n
+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6d ni se !+re (n nnsens + crede c6 es%e
!siBi" s6 de%ec%eCi c( si/(r+n.6 +A+8Cise"e +scieri inde!enden%e
+"e cns%i%(en.i"r indi*id(+"i +i +ces%(i /r(! c7nd %e +A%e!.i c+ ei
s6 /enereCe +ce"+Ai %i! de !+%"/ie Ai c7nd e<is%6 +%7% de $("%e
di#ic("%6.i =n + $6s(r+ Ai + de"i$i%+ e#ec%(" e<!(nerii "+ #iec+re
#+c%r de risc =n cn%e<%(" ce<is%en.ei +ces%r+. C7nd se *+
=n.e"e/e c6 die%+ =n %%+"i%+%e Ai e#ec%e"e in%erde!enden%e Ai
c(!rinC6%+re +"e /r(!e"r $+ri de +"i$en%e s(n% ce"e c+re
re+"iCe+C6 ce+ $+i $+re cn%riB(.ie "+ !6s%r+re+ s6n6%6.ii Ai
!re*enire+ B"ii? Aces% /en de red(c.inis$ $+ni#es%+% !rin
in%er!re%+re+ d+%e"r din +ces% XStudiu pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor
FedicaleW e<!(ne "+ risc(" de + rien%+ disc(.ii"e c( !ri*ire "+
s6n6%+%e+ !(B"ic6 Ai !r/r+$e"e !"i%ici"r !(B"ice =n $d
!eric("s !e (n #6/+A /reAi%.>
Ac($ r6s!(ns(" din !+r%e+ Dr. 5( Ai !r#. 4i""e%%I
DeAi s(n%e$ de +crd c6 %i!+re"e +"i$en%+re /ener+"e s(n% Ai
e"e i$!r%+n%e =n de%er$in+re+ risc("(i de B+"6 Fre#. ci%+%6G, ni
crede$ c6 iden%i#ic+re+ +scieri"r c( n(%rien.ii indi*id(+"i %reB(ie
s6 cns%i%(ie !ri$(" !+s, de+rece c$!nen%e"e s!eci#ice s+(
/r(!(ri"e de c$!nen%e s(n% ce"e c+re s(n% =n $d #(nd+$en%+"
"e/+%e de c!rces(" B"iid. C$!nen%e"e s!eci#ice +"e die%ei !% #i
$di#ic+%e, i+r +$enii Ai ind(s%ri+ de +"i$en%e #+c +ces% "(cr(. De
+cee+ =n.e"e/ere+ e#ec%e"r +s(!r+ s6n6%6.ii + sc)i$B6ri"r
die%e%ice s!eci#ice, "+ c+re C+$!Be"" se re#er6 c+ #iind
red(c.inis$>, cns%i%(ie s+rcin6 i$!r%+n%6.>
E( s(n% de +crd c6 $eri%6 e#r%(" de s%(diere + e#ec%e"r
inde!enden%e +"e di#eri%e"r s(Bs%+n.e din c$!Ci.i+ +"i$en%e"r
Fiden%i#ic+re+ "r, #(nc.ii"e, $ec+nis$e"e "r de +c.i(neG, =ns6
4i""e% Ai c( $ine +*e$ !6reri %%+" di#eri%e !ri*i%r "+ #e"(" c($
in%er!re%6$ Ai #"si$ +ces%e desc!eriri.
E( res!in/ c( %6rie cnsecin.e"e +r/($en%6rii "(i 4i""e%
cn#r$ c6rr+ c$!nen%e"e s!eci#ice +"e +"i$en%+.iei !% #i
$di#ic+%e> =n Bene#ici(" s6n6%6.ii c(i*+. D+r e<+c% +ce+s%+ es%e
cee+ ce es%e /reAi% =n +ce+s%6 Cn6 + cerce%6rii. De #+!%, d+c6 es%e
s6 de$ns%reCe ce*+ +ces% Studiu pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor
Fedicale, +!i c)i+r +ces% "(cr( =" de$ns%re+C6, Ai +n($e c6
$di#ic+re+ +!r%("(i + c7%e (n(i sin/(r n(%rien% #6r6 + !(ne =n
disc(.ie %i!+re"e +"i$en%+re =n +ns+$B"(" "r, n( cn#er6 Bene#icii
se$ni#ic+%i*e !en%r( s6n6%+%e. De$ei"e c+re %% .in c( red(cere+
/r6si$i"r, =n %i$! ce $en.in die%6 +!r+!e c+rni*r6, n( +( (n
risc $+i sc6C(% de + #+ce c+ncer de s7n.
A'(n/e$ +s%#e" "+ $ieC(" red(c%inis$("(i =n A%iin.6. A%7%
%i$! c7% +$enii de A%iin.6 s%(di+C6 s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice $in(.is
iC"+%e Ai c$!nen%e +"e +"i$en%e"r Ai sc% in#r$+.i+ din
cn%e<% !en%r( + #+ce !res(!(neri e<)+(s%i*e c( !ri*ire "+ re"+.ii"e
din%re die%+ c$!"e<6 Ai B+"6, (r$+re+ n( *+ #i dec7% cn#(Ci+.
Ti%"(ri c( A%iri ern+%e des!re c(%+re s+( c(%+re s(Bs%+n.6 c)i$ic6
+"i$en%+r6 s+( des!re c(%+re s+( c(%+re B+"6, *r de*eni re/("6.
C( c7% ne cncen%r6$ $+i $("% +s(!r+ de%+"ii"r re"+%i*
nese$ni#ic+%i*e, c( +%7% $es+'(" !r#(nd, !ri*i%r "+ sc)i$B6ri"e
s(Bs%+n.i+"e =n +"i$en%+.ie *+ #i +d(s "+ %6cere.
A( #s% c+Cii c7nd dr($(ri"e n+s%re s8+( =n%re%6i+% Ai +$
+*(% disc(.ii c( !r#esr(" 4i""e%% des!re desc!eriri"e !ri*ind
/r6si$i"e din Studiul <hina Ai Studiul pentru S'n'tatea Surorilor
Fedicale. E( +$ +d(s =n%%de+(n+ =n +%en.ie +ce"+Ai "(cr(I die%e"e
!e B+C6 de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, =n $d n+%(r+"
s6r+ce =n /r6si$i, n( +( #s% inc"(se =n Studiul pentru S'n'tatea
Surorilor Fedicale Ai %c$+i +ces%e %i!(ri de die%e s(n% ce"e c+re
s(n% ce"e $+i Bene#ice !en%r( s6n6%+%e+ n+s%r6. Pr#esr(" 4i""e%%
$i8+ s!(s, =n re!"ic6, Ai n( n($+i =n%r8 sin/(r6 c+CieI S8+r
!(%e+ s6 +i dre!%+%e, C"in, d+r +$enii n( *r s6 +'(n/6 +c">. E
(n c$en%+ri( c( i$!"ic+.ii %("B(r6%+re.
O+$enii de A%iin.6 n( %reB(ie s6 i/nre +n($i%e idei n($+i
!en%r( #+!%(" c6 !erce!.i+ es%e c6 !(B"ic(" n( *re+ s6 +(d6 +A+
ce*+. Pre+ +dese+ de!a "(n/(" c+rierei $e"e +$ +(Ci% c$en%+rii
c+re !+r + #i $+i de/r+B6 =ncerc+re de + #+ce !e !"+c !(B"ic("(i
dec7% de + se +n/+'+ =n%r8 deCB+%ere desc)is6, nes%6, ri(nde ne8
+r d(ce +ce+s%+. Es%e /reAi% +ces% "(cr(. R"(" A%iin.ei =n%r8
scie%+%e es%e de + Bser*+, + !(ne =n%reB6ri, + +"c6%(i i!%eCe Ai +
"e !(ne "+ !rB6, Ai de + in%er!re%+ desc!eriri"e =n $d i$!+r.i+" 8
Ai n( de + se !"cni =n #+.+ drin.e"r !e c+re "e !erce!e din
!+r%e+ !(B"ic("(i. Cns($+%rii s(n% cei ce *r #+ce +"e/ere+
#in+"6 8 d+c6 dresc s+( n( s6 !rei+ desc!eriri"e n+s%re Ai s6 "e
%r+ns!(n6 =n s%i"(" "r de *i+.6 8 =ns6 ni +*e$ d+%ri+ #+.6 de ei de
+ "e d+ ce"e $+i B(ne in#r$+.ii c( !(%in.6 !en%r( c+ ei s6 !+%6
"(+ +ce+s%6 deciCie, Ai n( s6 decide$ ni !en%r( ei. Ei s(n% cei ce
+( !"6%i% !en%r( +ces%e cerce%6ri Ai ei s(n% cei ce +( dre!%( I de +
decide ce s6 #+c6 c( e"e.
Perce!.i+ din c$(ni%+%e+ A%iin.i#ic6 !rec($ c6 !(B"ic("
*re+ d+r !i"("e $+/ice Ai +Brd+re de $7n%(i+"6 + +"i$en%+.iei
es%e e<+/er+%6. =n c+dr(" cn#erin.e"r $e"e !(B"ice +$ +#"+% c6
e<is%6 $("% $+i $("% in%eres +" !(B"ic("(i !en%r( +"i$en%+.ie Ai s%i"
de *i+.6 dec7% es%e dis!(s6 c$(ni%+%e+ +c+de$ic6 s6 +d$i%6.
$ceast' metod' de a investiga detalii (n afara conte0tului,
pe care eu o numesc reduc)ionism, %i (ncercarea de a sta*ili rela)ii
comple0e din aceste re/ultate este fatal'. Es%e c)i+r $+i
d6(n6%+re dec7% c$!r%+$en%(" /reAi% +" $inri%6.ii de +$eni
de A%iin.6 !e c+re "8+$ disc(%+% =n c+!i%"(" JQ. Din ne#ericire,
+ce+s%6 $d+"i%+%e de#ici%+r6 de + in*es%i/+ n(%ri.i+ + de*eni%
re/("6. C+ cnsecin.6, +$eni de A%iin.6 neA%i, )+rnici, Bine
in%en.in+.i din =n%re+/+ "($e s(n% B"i/+.i s6 %r+/6 cnc"(Cii
#in+"e "e/+%e de e#ec%e"e +"i$en%+.iei =n +ns+$B"(" ei, !e B+C+ (nr
s%(dii c+re se cncen%re+C6 =n $d =n/(s% d+r +s(!r+ n(%rien.i"r
"(+.i (n(" c7%e (n(". Ce" $+i $+re !eric" =" cns%i%(ie #+!%(" c6
A%iin.+ red(c.inis$("(i, c+re s%6 #6r6 +!6r+re !en%r( c6 es%e sc+s6
din cn%e<%(" s6( $+i "+r/, + de*eni% s%+nd+rd(" de
+(r. =n%r8+de*6r, e( c(nsc $(".i cerce%6%ri c+re +r s!(ne c)i+r c6
+ce+s%+ es%e cee+ ce de#ineA%e A%iin.+ B(n6>.
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in*es%i/+re+ s(!"i$en%e"r c( *i%+$ine. AA+ c($ re$+rc+$
+n%erir, +$ !e%rec(% $+i $("% de %rei +ni "+ =nce!(%(ri"e is%riei
+#+cerii c( s(!"i$en%e n(%ri%i*e, de!(n7nd $6r%(rie =n #+*+re+
C$isiei Deder+"e !en%r( C$er. Ai + Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e de
T%iin.e =n !rces(" in%en%+% =$!%ri*+ cr!r+.iei Gener+"
N(%ri%in. E( +$ +r/($en%+% c6 n( !% #i !re%inse Bene#icii
s!eci#ice !en%r( s6n6%+%e =n ce !ri*eA%e B"i"e crnice !rin
(%i"iC+re+ de *i%+$ine Ai $iner+"e s(B #r$6 de s(!"i$en%e. Pen%r(
+ce+s%+, c"e/ii $ei c+re /7nde+( +"%#e", +( #s% #+r%e #(riAi !e
$ine. In !reCen%, d(!6 cincis!reCece +ni, d(!6 ce s8+( c)e"%(i%
$i"i+ne de d"+ri !en%r( #in+n.+re+ cerce%6ri"r Ai d(!6 ce
cns($+%rii +( c)e"%(i% $i"i+rde de d"+ri, +*e$ +ce+s%6
cnc"(Cie =n (r$+ e<+$in6rii recen%e + d*eCi"rI
P.S. Preventive Services :asH Eor ce FGr(!(" O!er+%i*
!en%r( Ser*icii de Pre*enire +" S.U. A.G cnc"(Cine+C6 c6 s(n%
ins(#icien%e d*eCi !en%r( + #+ce rec$+nd+re !en%r( s+(
=$!%ri*+ #"sirii de s(!"i$en%e de *i%+$in+ A, C s+( E, +
$("%i*i%+$ine"r c( +cid #"ie s+( + c$Bin+.ii"r de +n%i<id+n.i
!en%r( !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i s+( + B"i"r c+rdi*+sc("+re.-
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C7%e $i"i+rde de d"+ri $+i %reB(ie c)e"%(i%e c+ s6 =n.e"e/e$
"i$i%e"e cerce%6rii red(c.inis%e? In*es%i/+.ii"e A%iin.i#ice +"e
e#ec%e"r (nr n(%rien.i "(+.i se!+r+% +s(!r+ (nr B"i c$!"e<e n(
+( se$ni#ic+.ie s+( +( d+r !(.in6 se$ni#ic+.ie +%(nci c7nd e#ec%("
+"i$en%+r !rinci!+" es%e d+%r+% cns($("(i (nei c"ec.ii
e<%r+rdin+re de n(%rien.i Ai +"%e s(Bs%+n.e !reCen%e =n +"i$en%e"e
in%e/r+"e. Aces% "(cr( es%e +de*6r+% =n s!eci+" c7nd nici(n s(Biec%
din !!("+.i+ in*es%i/+%6 n( #"seA%e die%6 c( +"i$en%e
in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, !en%r( c6 %c$+i +ce+s%6 +"i$en%+.ie
es%e $("% $+i cncrd+n%6 c( d*eCi"e Bi"/ice, es%e s(s.in(%6 de
ce+ $+i i$!r%+n%6 c+n%i%+%e de "i%er+%(r6 !r#esin+"6, =n +crd c(
#rec*en.+ e<%re$ de
sc6C(%6 + B"i"r re"e*+%6 de s%(dii"e in%ern+.in+"e, c( $("% $+i
$("% =n +r$nie c( (n $edi( d(r+Bi", =nCes%r+%6 c( c+!+ci%+%e+ de
+ *indec+ B"i =n s%+di( +*+ns+% Ai +*7nd !%en.i+"(", #6r6 e/+", de
+ s(s.ine (n sis%e$ n( de =n/ri'ire + s6n6%6.ii "+ (n cs% red(s. E(
res!in/ c+%e/ric idee+ de + #+ce cerce%6ri red(c.inis%e =n +ces%
c7$! #6r6 + in*es%i/+ s+( + =n.e"e/e cn%e<%(" $+i "+r/. T(*i(" de
cn#(Cie /ener+%6 de red(c.inis$(" /reAi% in%er!re%+% s(B$ine+C6
n( n($+i =n%re+/+ A%iin.6 + n(%ri.iei, d+r Ai s6n6%+%e+ A$ericii.
1M
T.TIINJAV INDUST*I=I
Pe ce c)e"%(ie B+ni #iec+re +$eric+n de $+i $("%e ri !e Ci?
Pe $7nc+re. Ti d(!6 ce $7nc6$ *i+.6 =n%re+/6, ce se =n%7$!"6
c( ni %.i? M(ri$ 8 (n !rces c+re i$!"ic6 de Bicei cs%(ri $+ri
de+rece ni =ncerc6$ s6 =" +$7n6$ c7% de $("% c( !(%in.6. Ni
s(n%e$ c( %.ii c"ien.i +i #+$ei Ai +i $r.ii, +A+ c6 !en%r( +ces%e+
s(n% neces+ri Ai se c)e"%(iesc $(".i$e de B+ni.
Din +ce+s%6 c+(C6, ind(s%ri+ +"i$en%+r6 Ai ce+ "e/+%6 de
s6n6%+%e din A$eric+ s(n% !rin%re ce"e $+i in#"(en%e r/+niC+.ii
din "($e. 2eni%(ri"e c$!+nii"r c+re !rd(c +"i$en%e Ai !rd(se
!en%r( s6n6%+%e s(n% ("(i%+re. M("%e c$!+nii +"i$en%+re +( !es%e
J: $i"i+rde de d"+ri c7A%i/(ri +n(+"e. C$!+ni+ Vr+#% +re
*eni%(ri +n(+"e de +!r<i$+%i* Q: $i"i+rde de d"+ri !e +n. Gr(!("
D+nne, c$!+nie in%ern+.in+"6 de !rd(se "+c%+%e c( sedi(" =n
Dr+n.+, !rd(ce $+rc+ D+nnn Ai +re *eni%(ri de JL $i"i+rde de
d"+ri !e +n. Ti, desi/(r, s(n% c$!+nii i$ense de #+s%8#d.
McDn+"d[s +re *eni%(ri de !es%e de JL $i"i+rde d"+ri !e +n, i+r
4endy[s In%ern+%in+" !rd(ce c+$ Q $i"i+rde d"+ri !e +n.
<heltuielile totale pe alimente, cuprin/&nd alimentele cump'rate
de persoane particulare, guvern %i afaceri, dep'%esc A55 miliarde de
dolari pe an.
>
Uri+A+ c$!+nie de $edic+$en%e P#iCer + +*(% =n 9::9 (n
c7A%i/ de Q9 $i"i+rde d"+ri, =n %i$! ce E"i Li""y \ C. +
=nre/is%r+% !es%e JJ $i"i+rde d"+ri. ,)nsn +nd ,)nsn + +d(n+%
!es%e QS $i"i+rde d"+ri din *7nC+re+ !rd(se"r s+"e. N( es%e
e<+/er+re d+c6 s!(ne$ c6 !es%e J::: de $i"i+rde de d"+ri se
c)e"%(ie =n #iec+re +n !e cee+ ce +"e/e$ s6 $7nc6$ Ai !e "(cr(ri"e
!e c+re "e +"e/e$ c+ s6 %r+%6$ B"
i"e s+( s6 !r$*6$ s6n6%+%e+. Ace+s%+ es%e s($6 enr$6 de
B+ni.
S(n% '(c6%ri !(%ernici c+re se +#"6 =n c$!e%i.ie !en%r( B+nii
!e c+re d($ne+*+s%r6 =i d+.i !e +"i$en%e Ai !rd(se !en%r(
s6n6%+%e. Diec+re c$!+nie #+ce, desi/(r, %% ce !+%e c+ s68Ai
*7nd6 !rd(se"e, d+r e<is%6 de +se$ene+ Ai /r(!(ri ind(s%ri+"e
c+re +c.ine+C6 !en%r( + s!ri cerere+ /ener+"6 !en%r( !rd(se"e[
"r. -ational Dairy <ouncil FCnsi"i(" N+%in+" !en%r( Prd(se
L+c%+%eG, -ational Dairy Promotion and Research Ioard
FC$i%e%(" N+.in+" !en%r( Pr$*+re+ Ai Cerce%+re+ Prd(se"r
L+c%+%eG, -ational Eluid FilH Processor Promotion Ioard
FC$i%e%(" N+.in+" !en%r( Pr$*+re+ Prces6rii L+!%e"(i
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*7nC+re+ !rd(se"r s+"e.
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se =n*7r% =n '(r(" !rd(se"r "r, #ie "+!%e, #ie Br7nC6 s+( =n/)e.+%6,
c( %i%"(ri de #e"("I (nghe)ata !momente de cotitur' (n istoria
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+c%i*i%6.i de $+r@e%in/>.
ACIDUL LINGL=IC
CGNJU:AT
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in%er!re%+%e c($ c6, !rin cns($(" de !rd(se "+c%+%e, se B.in
Bene#icii !en%r( s6n6%+%e. Ind(s%ri+ !rd(se"r "+c%+%e c)e"%(ie P8L
$i"i+ne d"+ri =n #iec+re +n !en%r( + #in+n.+ cerce%6ri c+re s6
desc!ere ce*+ s6n6%s des!re c+re s6 !+%6 +!i *rBi.
;
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!6r(% B(ne +$eni"r c+re n( c(nsc +ce+s%6 $e%d"/ie Fde
+se$ene+ $(".i +$eni de A%iin.6 n( c(nscG.
Mic)+e" P+riC+, $e$Br( +" C"(B("(i din +er!r%, + #s% ce"
ce + cnd(s cerce%6ri"e c+re +( s%(di+% $+i de%+"i+% ALC M+i
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Me$ri+" din B(##+", (n cerce%6%r #+r%e B(n =$!re(n6 c(
/r(!(" "(i +( $ers $+i de!+r%e c( cerce%6ri"e Ai +( de$ns%r+% n(
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!6re+ de +se$ene+ c6 =nce%ineA%e Ai deC*"%+re+ de d(!6 +cee+ +
%($ri"r>>
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cns%i%(i% desc!erire $+i cn*in/6%+re "e/+%6 de !r!rie%6.i"e
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J9
c+re +r6%+ser6
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*+ci, +ce+s%6 cerce%+re + =nse$n+% di !+Ai $+ri de!+r%e de
c+ncer(" ($+n. =n !ri$(" r7nd, n( s8+ +r6%+% c6 "+!%e"e de *+c6 ce
cn.ine ALC, c+ +"i$en% in%e/r+" F#+.6 de s(Bs%+n.+ c)i$ic6
iC"+%6 ALCG, !re*ine c+ncer(" "+ A+reci, =n +" di"e+ r7nd, c)i+r
d+c6 +r e<is%+ (n +se$ene+ e#ec% "+ A+reci, +r %reB(i s6 #ie
cn#ir$+% "+ +$eni. De #+!%, +A+ c($ s8+ disc(%+% $+i de*re$e =n
+ce+s%6 c+r%e, d+c6 "+!%e"e de *+c6 +r +*e+ *re(n e#ec%, +ce"+ es%e
de + s!ri, n( de + red(ce c+ncer(". N(%rien.ii c( se$ni#ic+.ie $("%
$+i $+re din "+!%e s(n% !r%eine"e, +"e c6rr !r!rie%6.i !(%ernice
de !r$*+re + c+ncer("(i s(n% =n cncrd+n.6 c( d+%e"e de "+
+$eni.
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+s(!r+ c+ncer("(i "+ +$eni +r #i ne*ie de c+n%i%+%e #+r%e $+re
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B+niiG +ce"r+ c+re *r s6 #+c6 !(B"ic(" s6 cre+d6 c6 "+!%e"e de
*+c6 !re*ine c+ncer(". C+ s6 *eCi Ai s6 n( creCi, (n %i%"( $+re de
+r%ic" de !ri$+ !+/in6 din Ci+r(" ns%r( "c+", 2thaca ?ournal,
+#ir$+I Sc)i$B+re+ die%ei *+ci"r s!reA%e !(%ere+ "+!%e"(i de +
"(!%+ =$!%ri*+ c+ncer("(i>.
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cerce%6ri"e #6c(%e de (n !r#esr de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i c+re
s%(di+ )r$nii de creA%ere c( c+re er+( )r6ni%e B*ine"e. E" +r6%+
c6 !+%e creA%e ALC din "+!%e"e de *+c6 !(n7nd $+i $("% ("ei de
!r($B =n )r+n+ +ni$+"e"r.
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"c+", re!reCen%+ (n *is de*eni% c( +de*6r+% re+"i%+%e !en%r(
s!nsrii C"(B("(i din +er!r%. Ti%"(" %ri$i%e c6%re !(B"ic (n
$es+' si$!"(, d+r #+r%e !(%ernicI d+c6 Bei "+!%e, red(ci risc(" de
c+ncer. T%i( c6 '(rn+"iA%i"r "e !"+c dec"+r+.ii"e %+ri +A+ c6, ini.i+",
+$ s(s!ec%+% c6 es%e !siBi" c+ re!r%er(" s6 #i #6c(% +n($i%e
+#ir$+.ii dinc" de cee+ ce +( s!(s cerce%6%rii. =ns6 =n +r%ic"
en%(Ci+s$(" e<!ri$+% de !r#esr(" B+($+n =n !ri*in.+
i$!"ic+.ii"r +ces%(i s%(di( + e/+"+% dec"+r+.i+ din %i%"(. S%(di("
ci%+% =n +ces% +r%ic" +r6%+ d+r c6 ALC es%e $+i $+re =n "+!%e"e
*+ci"r )r6ni%e c( ("ei de !r($B. De "+ +ce+s%+ !7n6 "+ + +*e+
e#ec% re"e*+n% =n B+"+ c+ncer+s6 "+ $ e c+"e "(n/6. Nici (n #e"
de s%(dii n( +( +r6%+% !7n6 +c($ c6 +$enii s+( c)i+r A+recii c+re
Be+( "+!%e de *+c6 +r !reCen%+ (n risc $+i $ic de c+ncer 8 de rice
#e". C( %+%e +ces%e+ B+($+n, c+re es%e (n cerce%6%r c$!e%en%
din !(nc% de *edere %e)nic, + #s% ci%+% +#ir$7nd c6 +ces%e
desc!eriri !reCin%6 (n !%en.i+" B(n de+rece, din =n%7$!"+re,
ALC es%e (n #+r%e !(%ernic +n%ic+rcin/en>. ,(rn+"is%(" +
cn%in(+% s!(n7nd c6 s8+ +r6%+% c6 ALC s(!ri$6 c+rcin/enii Ai
in)iB6 =n%indere+ c+ncere"r de c"n, !rs%+%6, de *+r Ai de s7n Ai
+ "e(ce$iei> Ai + cnc"(Cin+% c6 e<is%6 %+%e indicii"e c6 ALC
es%e e#icien% "+ +$eni c)i+r Ai =n cncen%r+.ii $ici>. Cn#r$
+r%ic"("(i, B+($+n s!(ne c6 +ces%e cerce%6ri re!reCin%6 n(+
%endin.6 de + ne cncen%r+ +s(!r+
+"i$en%e"r !en%r( + "e s!ri c+"i%6.i"e n(%ri%i*e Ai s+n/ene>. Nici
c6 +r !(%e+ #i $+i /r+*e +ces%e !re%en.ii, +*7nd =n *edere "i!s+
cerce%6ri"r neces+re !e +$eni.
B+($+n, P+riC+ Ai $(".i +".i c"e/i +i "r> +( (r$+% c( %6rie
+ce+s%6 "inie =n cerce%+re %i$! de cincis!reCece +ni Ai +( !(B"ic+%
(n $+re n($6r de +r%ic"e A%iin.i#ice. DeAi se s!(ne c6 e<is%6 Ai
+"%e Bene#icii +"e ALC, cerce%6ri"e !rinci!+"e =nc6 n( +( #s%
#6c(%e, +dic6, s6 se %es%eCe d+c6 (%i"iC+re+ "+!%e"(i de "+ *+ci
)r6ni%e c( die%e B/+%e =n ("ei de !r($B *r red(ce risc(" de
c+ncer "+ +$eni.
M+i recen%, B+($+n Ai c"e/ii "(i +( =ncerc+% s6 #+c6 (n !+s
$+i de!+r%e s!re + /6si +ce+s%6 cne<i(ne esen.i+"6. Ei +( +r6%+% c6
/r6si$e+ din "+!%e"e de "+ *+ci )r6ni%e c( c+n%i%6.i $+ri de ("ei de
!r($B F+dic6 +cid "in"eic, s(rs+ de ri/ine + "(i ALCG, c+ Ai
ALC sin%e%ic, es%e c+!+Bi"6 s6 red(c6 %($ri"e "+ AB"+nii %r+%+.i
c( (n c+rcin/en.
9:
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n( dup' c+rcin/en. T%(Ai, s(s.ineri"e "r *r #i "+ #e" de
s!ec%+c("+se c+ =n%%de+(n+, !en%r( c6 es%e =n !re$ier6 c7nd
ALC, !reCen% =n%r8(n +"i$en% Fnj /r6si$eG se +r+%6 c+ #iind
+n%ic+nceri/en c+ e"e$en% iC"+%. =n %r+d(cereI $7nc+.i (n% de "+
*+ci )r6ni%e c( ("ei de !r($B 8 +ces%+ !re*ine c+ncer("H
.TIINJA INDUST*I=I
E<!erien.+ c( ALC es%e (n B(n e<e$!"( des!re #e"(" c($
ind(s%ri+ #"seA%e A%iin.+ =n *edere+ creA%erii cererii !en%r(
!rd(se"e s+"e c( sc!(" de + #+ce $+i $(".i B+ni. =n ce" $+i
#erici% c+C, A%iin.+ ind(s%riei cnd(ce +dese+ "+ der(%+re+
!(B"ic("(i FS(n% B(ne (6"e? S(n% re"e?G i+r =n ce" $+i r6( c+C,
+s%#e" de A%iin.6 + ind(s%riei =i cnd(ce !e cns($+%rii neB6n(i%ri
s!re +"i$en%e c+re s(n% de #+!% *6%6$6%+re !en%r( ei, Ai %+%e
+ces%e+ =n n($e"e s6n6%6.ii.
Cn#"ic%(" de in%erese +B(nd6 =n A%iin.+ ind(s%riei.
Cerce%6ri"e !ri*ind ALC +( #s% !rni%e c( in%eres(" s!eci+" de +
c7A%i/+ B+ni Ai +( #s% cn%in(+%e Ai s(s.in(%e %% din in%eres !en%r(
B+ni. N+%in+" D+iry C(nci",, Vr+#% Dds
Inc.
9:
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de "+ cere+"e "+ s(!"i$en%e"e c( *i%+$ine.
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se r+!r%+ c6 cine cns($6 $+i $("%e %$+%e, inc"(si* %$+%e c+
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+ in%ensi#ic+% e#r%(ri"e !en%r( + desci#r+ $+/i+ "e/+%6 de
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9;
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9
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+#+cere+ c( "ic!en $er/e =n+in%e Ai =n creA%ere. Se #+c s%(dii
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$rc*i Ai cri!%<+n%in(" din !r%c+"eG !ri*ind c+!+ci%+%e+
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PRETENIILE PRI2IND DRUCTELE
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ind(s%rie. De e<e$!"(, c7nd Cici *i%+$in+ C, ce !rd(s +"i$en%+r
=.i *ine =n $in%e? D+c6 n( %e /7ndeA%i "+ !r%c+"e Ai s(c de
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+sc( J %+% rec"+$e"e =$!%ri*+ /re.(ri "r c+re s!(n c6 !r%c+"e"e
s(n% B(n6 s(rs6 de *i%+$in+ C.
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"e/6%(r+ *i%+$inei C c( +"i$en%+.i+ Ai B+"+? S6 !rni$ de "+
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*i%+$in+ C, !+%e *e.i #i s(r!rinAi s6 +#"+.i c6 s(n% $("%e +"%e
+"i$en%e *e/e%+"e c+re
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c+re se /6seA%e =n !r%c+"e? A*e$ =n *edere c+!+ci%+%e+ *i%+$inei
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!ri*ire "+ niA%e d*eCi sc%i%e =n +#+r+ cn%e<%("(i. Cine s(n% cei
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in%er*i( "e/+% de #r(c%e, +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e. Aces% in%er*i(, #6r6
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n( +$ #s% !"6%i% !en%r( e+ Ai, c( %+%e +ces%e+, +$ #s% (n(" din
!ersn+'e"e c+re *rBe+( Ai c+re + +'(%+% C$isi+ Ci%r(s D"rid+
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se+$+ c7% es%e de !eric("s s6 sc.i de%+"ii"e din cn%e<%(" "r i+r
d(!6 +cee+ s6 #+ci dec"+r+.ii c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e.
Ind(s%ri+ #"seA%e +ces%e de%+"ii e<%re$ de Bine, i+r (r$+re+ es%e
cn#(Cie !en%r( !(B"ic. Se !+re c6 =n #iec+re +n se %r7$Bi.e+C6 (n
n( !rd(s c+re es%e c)ei+ !en%r( s6n6%+%e $+i B(n6. Si%(+.i+
es%e +%7% de /r+*6, =nc7% r+#%(ri"e c( !rd(se !en%r( s6n6%+%e> +"e
$+/+Cine"r +"i$en%+re s(n% +dese+ $+i !"ine c( s(!"i$en%e Ai
!re!+r+%e s!eci+"e din +A+8Cise in/redien%e $+/ice dec7% c(
+"i$en%e re+"e. N( *6 "6s+.i =nAe"+.i. Sec.i(ne+ ce+ $+i s6n6%+s6 +
#iec6r(i $+/+Cin es%e ce+ =n c+re se *7nd #r(c%e Ai "e/($e
in%e/r+"e 8sec.i(ne+ de !rd(se +/ric"e.
Ti, !+%e ce" $+i /r+*, ind(s%ri+ cr(!e d*eCi"e A%iin.i#ice
c)i+r c7nd !rd(se"e s+"e +( #s% "e/+%e de seri+se !rB"e$e de
s6n6%+%e. C!iii nA%ri s(n% ce" $+i +dese+ .in%e"e $("% r7*ni%e +"e
$+r@e%in/("(i "r. G(*ern(" +$eric+n + e$is "e/i c+re in%erCic
c$!+nii"r de .i/6ri Ai %(%(n s6 #+c6 $+r@e%in/ c( !rd(se"e "r =n
r7nd(" c!ii"r. D+r +"i$en%+.i+ de ce es%e i/nr+%6? C)i+r d+c6 se
+cce!%6 c6 +"i$en%+.i+ '+c6 (n r" $+'r =n $("%e B"i crnice, ni
=n/6d(i$ ind(s%rii"r +"i$en%+re s6 *7nd6 direc% c!ii"r, Ai "e $+i
=n/6d(i$ Ai s6 se #"se+sc6 de sis%e$(" ns%r( Ac"+r, c+re es%e
#in+n.+% din B+ni !(B"ici, c+ s6 #+c6 +ces% "(cr(. Cnsecin.e"e !e
%er$en "(n/ +"e nec)iBC(in.ei n+s%re incnA%ien%e s(n%
inc+"c("+Bi"e
1C
GU2ERNULI YN SLU,BA
POPORULUI?
=n ("%i$e"e d(68%rei decenii, +$ +c($("+% d*eCi
s(Bs%+n.i+"e =n #+*+re+ s(s.inerii c6 $+'ri%+%e+ B"i"r crnice
din A$eric+ s(n% c+(C+%e de +"i$en%+.ie !r+s%6. Gr(!(ri de
"(cr( de e<!er.i din /(*ern +( s!(s +ces% "(cr(, c)ir(r/ii +( s!(s8
, Ai s+*+n.ii +( s!(s8 Ai ei. S(n% $+i $(".i +$enii c+re $r din
c+(C+ #e"("(i =n c+re se +"i$en%e+C6 dec7% cei ce $r din c+(C+
%(%(n("(i, +cciden%e"r s+( ric6r(i +"% #+c%r ce .ine de s%i"(" de
*i+.6 s+( de $edi(. Ni A%i$ c6 inciden.+ BeCi%6.ii Ai + di+Be%("(i
creA%e *er%i/ins Ai c6 s6n6%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r se de%erire+C6
cn%in(( Ai A%i$ !e cine s6 d6$ *in+ !en%r( +ce+s%+I !e
+"i$en%+.ie. AA+ c6 n( +r #i n($+i nr$+" c+ /(*ern(" s6 ne
cnd(c6 s!re +"i$en%+.ie $+i B(n6? N( e<is%6 ni$ic $+i Bene#ic
din cee+ ce +r !(%e+ #+ce /(*ern(" !en%r( + !re*eni creA%ere+
d(rerii Ai + s(#erin.ei =n +ce+s%6 .+r6 dec7% de + s!(ne +$eric+ni"r,
#6r6 ec)i*c, s6 $6n7nce $+i !(.ine +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6,
$+i !(.ine !rd(se *e/e%+"e #+r%e r+#in+%e Ai $+i $("%e !rd(se
*e/e%+"e in%e/r+"e. Aces%+ es%e (n $es+' B+C+% c$!"e% !e d*eCi"e
A%iin.i#ice =n %+%e di$ensi(ni"e "r. I+r /(*ern(" +r !(%e+ c"+ri#ic+
+ces%e "(cr(ri, +A+ c($ + #6c(%8 c( .i/6ri"e. i/6ri"e (cid Ai
+ce"+Ai "(cr( =" #+c Ai +ces%e +"i$en%e d6(n6%+re. 2ns', (n loc de a
face acest lucru, guvernul spune c' produsele de origine animal',
produsele lactate %i carnea, /ah'rul rafinat %i gr'simile din
alimenta)ie sunt *une pentru s'n'tatea voastr'T G(*ern(" se
!re#+ce c6 e rB #+.6 de d*eCi"e e<is%en%e, c7% Ai #+.6 de
$i"i+ne"e de +$eric+ni c+re s(#er6 de B"i "e/+%e de n(%ri.ie.
Le/6$7n%(" de =ncredere din%re /(*ern(" S.U.A. Ai ce%6.e+n("
+$eric+n +
#s% =nc6"c+%. G(*ern(" S%+%e"r Uni%e n( d+r c6 n( s%in/e
incendii"e n+s%re, ci e" +%7%+ cn%in(( #c(".
CAT=:G*II D= ALI/=NT=;
ULTI/UL ASALT
C$i%e%(" !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie, c+ !+r%e in%e/r+n%6 +
Ins%i%(%("(i de Medicin6 +" Ac+de$iei N+.in+"e de T%iin.6, +re
res!ns+Bi"i%+%e+ c+, "+ #iec+re cinci +ni, s6 re*iC(i+sc6 Ai s6 +d(c6
"+ Ci cns($(" rec$+nd+% de n(%rien.i. C$i%e%(" !en%r(
A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie #+ce rec$+nd6ri !ri*ind n(%rien.ii =nce!7nd
din JOPQ, c7nd s8+ #6c(% (n !"+n ce +*e+ =n *edere Dr.e"e Ar$+%e
+"e S.U. A., =n c+dr(" c6r(i+ se #6ce+( rec$+nd6ri de dCe Ci"nice
FDKRG !en%r( #iec+re n(%rien% =n !+r%e.
=n ce" $+i recen% r+!r% +" C$i%e%("(i !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai
N(%ri.ie,[ !(B"ic+% =n 9::9, rec$+nd6ri"e !ri*ind n(%rien.ii s(n%
!reCen%+%e !e c+%e/rii Ai n( =n $d indi*id(+", +A+ c($ se
!r+c%ic+se !7n6 =n 9::9. Pen%r( s6n6%+%e B(n6 s(n%e$ +c($
=nde$n+.i s6 cns($6$ =n%re PL^ Ai SL^ din c+"rii"e n+s%re
s(B #r$6 de )idr+.i de c+rBn. L+ #e" e<is%6 c+%e/rii !en%r(
/r6si$i Ai !r%eine.
C7%e*+ ci%+%e din c$(nic+%(" de !res6 ce +n(n.6 +ces%
r+!r% de !es%e O:: de !+/ini !reCin%6 %+%e +ces%e "(cr(ri. I+%6
!ri$+ !r!Ci.ie din c$(nic+%(" de !res6
9
I
Pen%r( + #+ce #+.6 ne*i"r ener/e%ice Ai n(%ri.in+"e Ai
!en%r( + red(ce "+ $ini$($ risc(" de B"i crnice, +d(".ii %reB(ie
s6 B.in6 =n%re PL^ Ai SL^ din c+"rii"e "r din )idr+.i de c+rBn,
9:^ !7n6 "+ QL^ din /r6si$i, Ai =n%re J:^ Ai QL^ din !r%eine...
=n cn%in(+re /6si$I
... C+)6r(" +d6(/+% n( %reB(ie s6 cns%i%(ie $+i $("% de 9L^
din %%+"(" de c+"rii cns($+%e.... C+)6r(ri +d6(/+%e s(n% +ce"e+
c+re se =ncr!re+C6 =n +"i$en%e Ai B6(%(ri =n %i$!(" !rd(c.iei
cAid s(rse $+'re din +ces%e+
s(n% B$B+ne"e, B6(%(ri"e ne+"c"ice, B6(%(ri"e din #r(c%e,
!rd(se"e de !+%iserie Ai +"%e d("ci(ri.
9
5+ide.i s6 e<+$in6$ c( +%en.ie. Ce s!(n de #+!% +ces%e
rec$+nd6ri? Cc$(nic+%(" de !res6 =nce!e c( dec"+r+re+
Biec%i*("(i r+!r%("(i, +ce"+ de
+ red(ce "+ $ini$($ risc(" de B"i crnice> .
9
R+!r%(" s!(ne c6
ni !(%e$ s6 cns($6$ +"i$en%+.ie c+re s6 cn.in6 !7n6 "+ QL^
c+"rii !r*eni%e din /r6si$iW +ce+s%+ es%e[$+i $("% dec7% "i$i%+ de
Q:^ + r+!+r%e"r +n%eri+re. De +se$ene+, r+!r%(" rec$+nd6
c6 ni !(%e$ cns($+ !7n6 "+ QL^ din c+"rii din !r%eineW
+ce+s%6 ci#r6 es%e c( $("% $+i $+re dec7% s(/es%i+ ric6rei +"%e
+(%ri%6.i res!ns+Bi"e.
U"%i$+ rec$+nd+re !(ne #riAc+ !e %r%, c($ se s!(ne.
P(%e$ cns($+ !7n6 "+ 9L^ din c+"rii c+ C+)6r(ri +d6(/+%e. 26
+d(ce.i +$in%e c6 C+)6r(" cns%i%(ie %i!(" ce" $+i r+#in+% de )idr+.i
de c+rBn. De #+!%, deAi r+!r%(" s#6%(ieA%e c6 +*e$ ne*ie de (n
$ini$($ de PL^ c+"rii c+ )idr+.i de c+rBn, $+i $("% de
'($6%+%e din +ce+s%6 c+n%i%+%e F+dic6 9L^G !+%e #i C+)6r din
B$B+ne, B6(%(ri r6cri%+re Ai !rd(se de !+%iserie. Cnc"(Ci+
!eric("+s6 + +ces%(i r+!r% es%e +ce+s%+I die%+ +$eric+n6 n( d+r
c6 es%e ce+ $+i B(n6, d+r +c($ !(%e.i s6 *6 si$.i.i "iBeri s6 +*e.i
+"i$en%+.ie c)i+r $+i B/+%6, "6s7nd(8*6 s6 crede.i c6 red(ce.i "+
$ini$($ risc(" de B"i crnice>. O$i%e%i c(*in%e"e de +*er%is$en%
!e c+re "e8+.i !(%e+ /6si =n +ces% r+!r% 8 Ai, c( (n s!ec%r( +%7% de
"+r/ de !siBi"i%6.i, =n re+"i%+%e se !+%e s!(ne c6 rice die%6 !+%e
red(ce "+ $ini$($ risc(" de B+"6.
S8+r !(%e+ s6 *6 si$.i.i =n =nc(rc6%(r6 /7ndind(8*6 ce +r
!(%e+ =nse$n+, =n %er$enii *ie.ii de Ci c( Ci, +ces%e ci#re, +A+ c6 e(
+$ !re/6%i% (r$6%r(" !"+n de $eni( c+re #(rniCe+C6 n(%rien%i =n
cn#r$i%+%e c( +ces%e rec$+nd6ri F/r+#ic(" JS.J G.
QA
:r$ficul 1C91; =-em#lu de meniu c$re se nc$dre$'& n #rocentele
de nutrien "i recom$nd$te9
Alimente
Mic(" de'(n
J c+n6 Dr% L! Fcere+"eG J c+n6 "+!%e s$7n%7ni%
J !+c)e% B$B+ne de cic"+%6 c( "+!%e M\M S(!"i$en%
c( #iBre Ai *i%+$ine
Pr7nC C)eeseB(r/er "+ /r6%+r
Cin6
Q #e"ii de !iCC+ !e!!erni (n !+)+r de +!6 $iner+"6 !r.ie de
!r6'i%(ri c( C+)6r Arc)3+y
:r$ficul 1C96; (rofil de nutrien"i n c$'ul meniului #ro#us !i v$lorile
recom$nd$te9
Nutrient Con"inutul meniului E$lori recom$nd$te
T%+" de c+"rii 8JR:: 2+ri+C6 =n #(nc.ie de
=n6".i$e0 /r(%+%e
Pr%eine F^ din %%+"
c+"riiG
8JR^ J:8QL^
Gr6si$i F^ din %%+"
c+"riiG
8QJ^ 9:8QL^
C+rB)idr+.i F^ din %%+"
c+"riiG
8LJ^ PL8SL^
K+)6r =n d("ci(ri, s+(
+d6(/+% F^ din %"+"
c+"riiG
89Q^ !7n6 "+ 9L^
O+$eni B(ni, e( n( /"($esc. Aces% deC+s%r(s !"+n de
$eni( se =nc+dre+C6 =n rec$+nd6ri"e r+!r%("(i Ai +re !re%en.i+ c6
=n%r(neA%e cerin.+ de + red(ce "+ $ini$($ B"i"e crnice>.
Cee+ ce es%e ("(i%r es%e c6 +A !(%e+ s6 #+c $(".i$e de
$eni(ri, %+%e =$BiB+%e =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 Ai C+)+r(ri
+d6(/+%e, c+re s6 se cn#r$eCe c( +ces%e dCe rec$+nd+%e
!en%r( #iec+re Ci. In +ces% !(nc% +" c6r.ii, n( $+i es%e ne*ie s6 *6
s!(n c6, d+c6 ne +"i$en%6$ c( +se$ene+ die%6, n( d+r c6 ne
=ndre!%6$, ci s'rim dre!% =n Br+.e"e B"i"r crnice. Ti es%e %ris% c6
$+re !+r%e din !!("+.i+ n+s%r6 %c$+i +ces% "(cr( =" #+ce.
PROTEINELE
P+%e ci#re"e ce"e $+i Ac+n%e s(n% ce"e c+re +r+%6 "i$i%+
s(!eri+r6 + +!r%("(i de !r%eine. Pen%r( =n"c(ire+ !r%eine"r
e<cre%+%e cns%+n% din r/+nis$ Fc+ +$in+ciCiG s(n% neces+re
d+r L8S^ !r%eine +"i$en%+re c+"c("+%e din %%+"(" +!r%("(i
c+"ric Ci"nic. In ("%i$ii cinciCeci de +ni s8+ cn*eni% %%(Ai + se
rec$+nd+ O8J:^ !r%eine, !en%r( + e<is%+ cer%i%(dine+ c6
$+'ri%+%e+ +$eni"r =Ai *r !ri$i ce" !(.in ce"e L8S^ !r%eine
neces+re>. Ace+s%6 rec$+nd+re de O8J:^ es%e ec)i*+"en%6 c(
Binec(nsc(%+ dC6 Ci"nic6 rec$+nd+%6 FDKRG.
L
A!r+!e %.i +$eric+nii de!6Aesc +ce+s%6 rec$+nd+re de O8
J:^W ni cns($6$ !r%eine =n%re JJ89J ^ c( $edie de JL8
JS^. Re"+%i* !(.inii c+re cns($6 $+i $("% de 9J^ s(n% =n
!rinci!+" cei ce %r+/ de #i+re> cn.%r+d., !r+c%ic+n.ii de c("%(ris$d,
c6rr+ "i s8+( +%+A+% recen% cei ce cns($6 die%e c( cn.in(% #+r%e
B/+% =n !r%eine.
Es%e #+r%e der(%+n% c6 +ces%e ni rec$+nd6ri +"e +n("(i
9::9, #6c(%e de c6%re C$i%e%(" !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie Ai
s!nsriC+%e de c6%re /(*ern =n 9::9, ne s!(n +c($ c6 !(%e$
cns($+ !r%eine !7n6 "+ incrediBi"(" ni*e" de QL^ c+ $i'"c de +
red(ce "+ $ini$($ B"i crnice, c($ +r #i c+ncer(" Ai B"i"e de
ini$6. Ace+s%+ es%e !+rdie de necreC(%, d+c6 .ine$ cn% de
d*eCi"e A%iin.i#ice e<is%en%e. D*eCi"e !reCen%+%e =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e
+r+%6 c6, d+c6 se $6reA%e +!r%(" de !r%eine, +'(n/7nd(8se c+
+ces%+ s6 #ie =n%re J:89:^, +%(nci *r +!6re+ $(".i$e de
!rB"e$e de s6n6%+%e, =n s!eci+" c7nd $+'ri%+%e+ !r%eine"r s(n%
de ri/ine +ni$+"6.
AA+ c($ s8+ *6C(% $+i de*re$e =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e, die%e"e c(
$+i $("%e !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 *r d(ce "+ ni*e"(ri $+i
$+ri +"e c"es%er"("(i din s7n/e Ai "+ risc(ri $+i $+ri !en%r(
+%ersc"erC6, c+ncer, s%e!rC6, B+"+ A"C)ei$er Ai !ie%re "+
rinic)i, c+ s6 n($i$ d+r c7%e*+ din B"i"e crnice !e c+re
C$i%e%(" !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie !re#er6 s6 "e i/nre =n $d
eni/$+%ic.
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, /r(!(" de "(cr( +" C$i%e%("(i !en%r(
A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie +re =ndr6Cne+"+ s6 s!(n6 c6
+ce+s%6 rec$+nd+re de J:8QL^ es%e +cee+Ai c( ce+ din r+!+r%e"e
+n%eri+re. C$(nic+%(" "r de !res6 +#ir$6 =n $d c"+rI
rec$+nd6ri"e !ri*ind +!r%(" de !r%eine s(n% +ce"e+Ai cc( ce"e
din r+!+r%e"e +n%eri+red.> ;u nu cunosc nici un raport care s' fi
sugerat m'car pe departe un nivel at&t de (nalt ca acesta,.
C7nd +$ *6C(% ini.i+" +ce+s%6 rec$+nd+re !ri*ind
!r%eine"e, +$ creC(% =n $d sincer c6 e *rB+ de /reAe+"6 de
%i!+r. D+r n(, er+ c)i+r crec%. C(nA%e+$ !e $+i $(".i din /r(!("
c+re + scris +ces% r+!r%, +A+ c6 $8+$ )%6r7% s6 "e %e"e#neC.
Pri$(" $e$Br( din +ces% /r(! c( c+re +$ "(+% "e/6%(r+,
c(nA%in.6 *ec)e, + s!(s c6 e !en%r( !ri$+ d+%6 c7nd +(de de
"i$i%6 + +!r%("(i de !r%eine de QL^H E" + s(/er+% c6 es%e !siBi"
c+ +ce+s%6 rec$+nd+re !ri*ind !r%eine"e s6 #i #s% sc)i.+%6 =n
("%i$e"e Ci"e din !re/6%ire+ r+!r%("(i. Mi8+ s!(s de +se$ene+ c6
+( #s% !(.ine disc(.ii re#eri%+re "+ d*eCi"e =n !ri*in.+
!r%eine"r, !en%r( s+( =$!%ri*+ (n(i cns($ $+re de !r%eine Ai
Ai8+ +$in%i% c6 +( #s% Ai c7.i*+ si$!+%iC+n.i +i re/i$("(i A%@ins =n
c$i%e%. E" n( + "(cr+% =n Cn+ !r%eine"r, +A+ c6 n( c(nA%e+
"i%er+%(r+ dis!niBi"6. =n rice c+C, +ce+s%6 rec$+nd+re
i$!r%+n%6 s8+ s%rec(r+% !rin%re de/e%e"e ce"r din /r(!(" res!ec%i*
de "(cr(, #6r6 s6 i se +crde !re+ $+re =nse$n6%+%e Ai + +'(ns s6 #ie
ce+ din%7i +#ir$+.ie din c$(nic+%(" de !res6 +" C$i%e%("(i
!en%r( A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ieH
A" di"e+ $e$Br( +" /r(!("(i de "(cr(, (n !rie%en Ai c"e/ +"
$e( de $("%6 *re$e, + #s% !reAedin%e +" (n(i s(Bc$i%e% =n
("%i$+ !+r%e + e<is%en%ei +ces%(i /r(! de "(cr(. N( es%e (n
n(%ri.inis% Ai + rs% Ai e" s(r!rins s6 +(d6 =n/ri'r6ri"e $e"e
!ri*ind "i$i%+ s(!eri+r6 rec$+nd+%6 !en%r( !r%eine. N( Ai8+
+$in%i% nici e" de !re+ $("%e disc(.ii +s(!r+ +ces%(i s(Biec%. C7nd
i8+$ +$in%i% de (ne"e din d*eCi"e c+re +r+%6 c6 die%e"e c( $("%e
!r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s(n% cre"+%e c( B"i"e crnice, ini.i+"
+ #s% !(%in de#ensi*. D+r, c( ce*+ $+i $("%6 insis%en.6 din !+r%e+
$e+ "e/+%6 de +ces%e d*eCi, e" + s!(s =n #in+"I C"in, %( A%ii c6 e(
de #+!% n( A%i( ni$ic des!re n(%ri.ie>. A%(nci +re, c($ + +'(ns e"
$e$Br( 8 B+ c)i+r !reAedin%e 8 +" +ces%(i s(Bc$i%e% i$!r%+n%?
Ti, pentru ca lucrurile s'fie %i mai rele,
!reAedin%e"e c$i%e%("(i !er$+nen% c+re #+ce e*+"(+re+ +ces%r
rec$+nd6ri + !6r6si% /r(!(" c( !(.in %i$! =n+in%e de =nc)eiere,
#erind(8i8se #(nc.i+ de direc%r e<ec(%i* =n%r8 $+re c$!+nie
+"i$en%+r6 8 c$!+nie c+re *+ s+"i*+ =n (r$+ +ces%r ni
rec$+nd6ri.
UN *A(G*T T*AS (*IN KA5XR
Rec$+nd+re+ c( !ri*ire "+ C+)6r(ri"e +d6(/+%e es%e "+ #e" de
sc+nd+"+s6 c+ Ai ce+ c( !ri*ire "+ !r%eine. L+ d+%+ c7nd + #s%
e$is +ces% r+!r% +" C$i%e%("(i !en%r( A"i$en%e Ai N(%ri.ie, (n +"%
/r(! de "(cr( cns%i%(i% din e<!er.i, r/+niC+% de Or/+niC+.i+
Mndi+"6 + S6n6%6.ii Ai Eood and $griculture Organi/ation
FOr/+niC+.i+ !en%r( A"i$en%+.ie Ai A/ric("%(r6, DAOG "(cr+ de
+se$ene+ "+ (n n( r+!r% !ri*ind +"i$en%+.i+, n(%ri.i+ Ai
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di#eri%e"e +s!ec%e "e/+%e de s6n6%+%e, NI5 es%e +"c6%(i% din
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13
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re+"iC+re+ +ce"ei in)iBi.ii Ai =ncerc6ri"e de + !r$*+ $6s(ri
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secre%, !en%r( desc!erire+ de ni $edic+$en%e.
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cinci s+( $+i $("%e !r.ii de #r(c%e Ai "e/($e !e Ci.> S($+ +ce+s%+
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+c%(+"("(i B(/e%. Adic6 9,LS ` "+ #iec+re J:.::: `H
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Ins%i%(%(" N+.in+" +" C+ncer("(i + #in+n.+% de +se$ene+ c7%e*+
s%(dii *+s%e[ $("%i8+n(+"e, inc"(si* Studiul pentru S'n'tatea
Surorilor Fedicale de 2a Harvard Fdes!re c+re +$ disc(%+% =n
c+!i%"(" J9G Ai ;0perimentul pentru S'n'tatea Eemeilor, =n !rinci!+"
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c(!6 de #+Bric+re+ de $edic+$en%e, s(!"i$en%e Ai dis!Ci%i*e
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%e)n"/iei nu ne va vindeca niciodat' de *olile noastre cronice.
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!en%r( ce+ #+r$+ce(%ic6, !e c)e"%(i+"+ !!r("(i. Es%e !rB"e$6
de sis%e$ =n c+re ind(s%ri+, +c+de$i+ Ai /(*ern(" se +sci+C6
!en%r( + )%6r= s6n6%+%e+ +ces%ei .6ri. Ind(s%ri+ #(rniCe+C6 #in+n.6ri
!en%r( r+!+r%e"e !(B"ice de s6n6%+%e, i+r "iderii +c+de$ici c+re +(
"e/6%(ri c( ind(s%ri+ +( r"(ri c)eie =n re+"iC+re+ +ces%r+. =n%re
s+rcini"e /(*ern+$en%+"e Ai s+rcini"e ind(s%riei se s%+Bi"eA%e
!"+c6 %(rn+n%6, +s%#e" c6 #nd(ri"e !en%r( cerce%+re i+( c+"e+
deC*"%6rii ind(s%riei $edic+$en%e"r Ai dis!Ci%i*e"r =n
de%ri$en%(" n(%ri.iei s6n6%+se. Es%e (n sis%e$ cns%i%(i% din
!ers+ne c+re =Ai =nde!"inesc =n $d iC"+% #iec+re !+r%e+ s+, de
re/("6 neA%iind ni$ic des!re cei c+re i+( deciCii "+ *7r# Ai
$%i*+.ii"e "r. =n%re/(" sis%e$ +re dre!% cnsecin.6 irsire+ B+ni"r
cn%riB(+Bi"i"r Ai +#ec%+re+ /r+*6 + s6n6%6.ii n+s%re.
13
SXNXTATEA CUI E PROTE,ATX
PRIN MAREA MEDICINX?
C7nd +.i #s% ("%i$+ d+%6 "+ dc%r c+ s6 *6 s!(n6 ce s6
$7nc+.i Ai ce s6 n( $7nc+.i? PrB+Bi" n( *i s8+ =n%7$!"+%
nicid+%6 +ces% "(cr(. T%(Ai, $+re+ $+'ri%+%e + +$eric+ni"r c+d
!r+d6 (nei+ din%re B"i"e +#"(en.ei des!re c+re +$ disc(%+% =n
P+r%e+ + I"8+, Ai, +A+ c($ +.i *6C(%, e<is%6 $(".i$e de s%(dii
!(B"ic+%e c+re d*edesc c6 +ces%e B"i cns%i%(ie (r$+re+ (nei
+"i$en%+.ii de !r+s%6 c+"i%+%e, Ai n( s(n% nicidec($ c+(C+%e de
/ene s+( de /)inin. A%(nci, de ce n( i+ sis%e$(" $edic+" =n seris
n(%ri.i+?
P+%r( c(*in%e cn.in r6s!(ns("I B+nii, e/cen%ris$(", !(%ere+
Ai cn%r"(". C( !ri*ire "+ $edici, indi*id(+", +r #i necins%i% s6
/ener+"iC6$ +ces% "(cr(, =ns6 des!re sis%e$(" =n c+re "(cre+C6
+ceA%i+, sis%e$(" c+re Ai8+ +s($+% res!ns+Bi"i%+%e+ de + !r$*+
s6n6%+%e+ +$eric+ni"r, n( /reAi$ c( ni$ic d+c6 s!(ne$ c6 +ces%+
n( =Ai #+ce d+%ri+ #+.6 de ni. Ni$eni n( A%ie $+i Bine +ces% "(cr(
dec7% +ce+ $inri%+%e + dc%ri"r c+re =Ai %r+%e+C6 !+cien.ii din%r8
!ers!ec%i*6 n(%ri.in+"6.
Di din%re cei $+i !re$inen.i dc%ri din c+dr(" +ces%ei
$inri%6.i +( !e%rec(% $(".i +ni cncen%r7nd(8se +s(!r+
+"i$en%+.iei Ai s6n6%6.ii, +%7% =n !(B"ic, =n c+dr(" !r#esiei "r, c7% Ai
=n !+r%ic("+r c( !+cien.ii "r. Ei +( B.in(% reC("%+%e c( %%("
e<%r+rdin+re =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e !r%e'+re+ s6n6%6.ii !+cien.i"r
"r. AceA%i di $edici s(n% C+"d3e"" B. Esse"s%yn ,r., des!re +
c6r(i +c%i*i%+%e +$ *rBi% =n c+!i%"(" L, Ai ,)n McD(/+"", (n
in%ernis%. =$!re(n6 c( #i(" $e( T$ +$ s%+% de *rB6 recen% c(
+ceA%i +$eni Ai +$ disc(%+% des!re e<!erien.+ "r =n
s(s.inere+ (nei
+"i$en%+.ii !e B+C6 de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, deri/ine
*e/e%+"6, =n c+dr(" +c%("(i $edic+".
DR. 2ARKX
C( $("% %i$! =n+in%e de =n%e$eiere+ .6rii n+s%re, !inierii
"+ndeCi se s%+Bi"iser6 =n 2+"e+ 5(dsn "+ nrd de r+A(" Ne3
?r@. Un+ din +ces%e #+$i"ii de c"niA%i + #s% #+$i"i+ Esse"s%yn.
Ei +( =nce!(% s6 c("%i*e B(c+%6 de !6$7n% =n JS;L. D(!6 n(6
/ener+.ii, +ce+ #er$6 +!+r.ine $c6 #+$i"iei Esse"s%yn. Dr.
Esse"s%yn Ai s.i+ "(i Ann de.in =n !r!rie%+%e #er$+ de c7%e*+ s(%e
de !/+ne din 2+"e+ 5(dsn, si%(+%6 "+ d+r d(6 re "+ nrd de
r+A(" Ne3 ?r@. Ei Ai8+( !e%rec(% *+r+ +n("(i 9::Q %r6ind "+ .+r6,
"(cr7nd "+ #er$6, c("%i*7nd /r6din6, /6Cd(ind(8Ai c!iii Ai
ne!.ii Ai B(c(r7nd(8se de *i+.6 $("% $+i re"+<+%6 dec7% ce+ c(
c+re er+( BiAn(i.i =n C"e*e"+nd, O)i.
Ess Ai Ann +( c+s6 $des%6I c"6dire s!+.i+s6,
dre!%(n/)i("+r6, (n #s% s!+.i( de de!Ci%+re %r+ns#r$+%.
Si$!"i%+%e+ +ces%ei+ der(%e+C6, +s%#e" c6, "+ !ri$+ *edere, n(8.id+i
se+$+ c6 %e +#"i =n%r8(n+ din ce"e $+i *ec)i #er$e din A$eric+.
D+r "+ ins!ec.ie $+i =nde+!r+!e de*ine e*iden% c6 e<is%6 ce*+
s!eci+" =n "e/6%(r6 c( +ces% "c. Pe (n !ere%e se +#"6 (n cer%i#ic+%
=nr6$+% d+% de s%+%(" Ne3 ?r@ #+$i"iei Esse"s%yn c+ se$n de
rec(n+A%ere + #er$ei "r #+$i"i+"e, #er$6 c+re + %rec(% de8+c($
!rin cinci sec"e. =n +!r!iere, !e (n !ere%e +%7rn6 *7s"6. Es%e
*7s"+ !e c+re Ess + #"si%8 =n JOLL c+ *7s"+A "+ ?+"e, c7nd ?+"e +
B6%(% !e cei de "+ 5+r*+rd c( cinci sec(nde. Ess !*es%eA%e c6 $+i
+re +"%e %rei *7s"eI d(6 de c7nd i8+ B6%(% !e cei de "+ 5+r*+rd =n
cei"+".i +ni, Ai (n+ de c7nd + c7A%i/+% $ed+"i+ de +(r "+ O"i$!i+d6,
=$!re(n6 c( ec)i!+ ?+"e, =n JOLS.
L+ !+r%er e<is%6 #%/r+#ie de e!c6 e<ce!.in+"6 + s%r68
s%r68s%r68B(nic("(i "(i Ess, "+ #er$6. S!re c". se +#"6 re!reCen%+%
sc)e$+%ic, =n%r8(n i$!resin+n% s%i" de $(Ce(, +rBre"e /ene+"/ic
+" #+$i"iei Esse"s%yn i+r =n ce"6"+"% c+!6% +" s6"ii se +#"6 #%/r+#ie
+"B8ne/r( + %+%6"(i "(i Ess s%7nd =n #+.+ (n(i $icr#n, disc(%7nd
c( ,)n D. Vennedy =n%r8
+"c(.i(ne "+ C+s+ A"B6. =n ci(d+ +!+ren.ei ($i"e, es%e #+r%e
"i$!ede c6 es%e (n "c c( is%rie c( %%(" +!+r%e.
D(!6 ce +$ #6c(% %(r(" #er$ei c( (n %r+c%r, ne8+$ +AeC+%
=$!re(n6 c( Ess Ai "8+$ =n%reB+% des!re %rec(%(" "(i. ABs"*en% "+
?+"e, Ai8+ #6c(% ins%r(ire+ c+ c)ir(r/ "+ C"inic+ C"e*e"+nd Ai "+
S!i%+"(" S%. Ger/e din Lndr+. =Ai +$in%eA%e c( dr+/ de cei $+i
in#"(en.i $en%ri +i s6iI Dr. Ger/e Cri"e, Dr. T(rnB("" Ai Dr.
Br@. Dr. Cri"e, (n /i/+n% +" C"inicii C"e*e"+nd, + de*eni% $+i
+!i scr(" "(i Ess d(!6 c6s6%ri+ s+ c( Ann. Dr. Cri"e + #s% (n
$ c( re+"iC6ri e<ce!.in+"e, '(c7nd (n r" i$!r%+n% =n !(nere+
s(B se$n(" =n%reB6rii + $+c+Brei c)ir(r/ii den($i%6 $+s%ec%$i+
r+dic+"6>.
J
Dr. T(rnB("" Ai Dr. Br@ +( #s%, de +se$ene+, c)ir(r/i
ren($i.i. Pe "7n/6 +ce+s%+, =ns(Ai %+%6" "(i Ess + #s% (n dis%ins
$edic, c( re!(%+.ie n+.in+"6. =ns6, +A+ c($ =Ai +$in%eA%e Ess, =n
ci(d+ #+!%("(i c6 +( #s% e<!er.i =n d$eni(" s6n6%6.ii>, %.i +ceA%i
!+%r( B6rB+.i +( #s% dis%r(Ai de B+"+ c+rdi8*+sc("+r6>. =ns(Ai
%+%6" "(i + +*(%, de +se$ene+, (n +%+c de ini$6 "+ !+%r(Ceci Ai di
de +ni i+r Dr. Br@ + +*(% (n +%+c de ini$6 "+ cinciCeci Ai di de
+ni.
Ei er+( +$enii !e c+re =i !ri*e+ c( $("% res!ec% d+r c7nd +
#s% *rB+ de B+"+ c+rdi8*+sc("+r6, %.i +ceA%i+ +( #s%
ne+'(%r+.i. D7nd din c+!, Ess + s!(sI
N( !.i s6 sc+!i de +ce+s%6 B+"6. AceA%i +$eni, c+re +(
#s% niA%e %i%+ni =n #"+re+ *7rs%ei "r, $+i +!i s!au ofilit.,
A$in%ind(8Ai de %+%6" s6(, + s!(sI C+$ c( (n +n s+( di =n+in%e
de $+r%e+ %+%6"(i $e(, ne !"i$B+$ +$7ndi =n%r8 Ci. E" s!(ne+I
[2+ %reB(i s6 +r6%6$ +$eni"r c($ s6 %r6i+sc6 $+i s6n6%s.[ $vea
dreptate c&nd spunea acest lucru. Er+ #+r%e !rec(!+% de
$edicin+ !re*en%i*6, d+r n( +*e+ nici (n #e" de in#r$+.ii.>
In%eres(" %+%6"(i s6( =n +ce+s%6 direc.ie + +*(% in#"(en.6
c*7rAi%+re =n *i+.+ "(i Ess.
P6Aind !e (r$e"e +ces%r +$eni, Ess + cn%in(+% s6 +d(ne
$(".i$e i$!resin+n%6 de !re$ii Ai di!"$eI $ed+"ie "i$!ic6
de +(r "+ *7s"i%W S%e+ de BrnC !en%r( ser*ici( $i"i%+r =n
2ie%n+$W !reAedin%e de !ersn+", $e$Br( +" c$i%e%("(i
/(*ern+%ri"r, !reAedin%e +" /r(!("(i de "(cr( ce in*es%i/+
c+ncer(" de s7n, Ai !reAedin%e
+" Sec.iei de C)ir(r/ie %iridi+n6 Ai !+r+8%iridi+n6 de "+ C"inic+
C"e*e"+nd, (n+ din ce"e $+i ren($i%e ins%i%(.ii $edic+"e din "($eW
!reAedin%e +" Asci+.iei A$eric+ne de C)ir(r/ie Endcrin6W !es%e
J:: de +r%ic"e A%iin.i#iceW Ai inc"(dere+ =n%r8 "is%6 din JOOP8JOOL
+ ce"r $+i B(ni $edici din A$eric+.
9
E" =Ai +$in%eA%eI
Ti$! de Cece8cincis!reCece +ni +$ #s% !rin%re cei $+i B(ni
=n d$eni(" c)ir(r/iei /ener+"e. C+ /inere +" Dr. Cri"e, er+$
ne"iniA%i% c6 +A #i !(%(% Ai +r #i %reB(i% s6 #+c $+i $("%. N( *ene+$
+c+s6 !7n6 se+r+ %7rCi(, =ns6 +*e+$ !Ci.ie c+re er+ si/(r6>.
C7nd !reAedin%e"e de !e +%(nci +" Asci+.iei Medic+"e A$eric+ne
+ +*(% ne*ie de !er+.ie "+ %irid6, e" + *r(% c+ Ess s6 #ie ce"
c+re8J *+ !er+.
Ins6, =n ci(d+ +!recieri"r, %i%"(ri"r Ai !re$ii"r, ce*+ n( er+
=n re/("6. Prea adesea pacien)ii lui ;ss nu!%i redo*&ndeau
s'n'tatea, (n ciuda marilor sale eforturi. AA+ c($ descri+ Ess
+ces% "(cr(, si$.6$7n%(" +ces%+ Bsed+n% =nce!(se s6 $6
nec6'e+sc6. Ur$6re+$ =nde+!r+!e c($ se si$.e+( +ceA%i !+cien.i
d(!6 !er+.ii>. UAr e<+s!er+%, e" + s!(sI C+re es%e r+%+ de
s(!r+*ie.(ire d(!6 c+ncer(" de c"n? N( es%e !re+ $+reH> Ti8+
re+$in%i% !er+.i+ de c+ncer de c"n + (n(i+ din cei $+i B(ni
!rie%eni +i s6i. In %i$!(" !er+.iei, +( *6C(% c($ c+ncer(" se
r6s!7ndise =n in%es%ine. 2ce+ s+ er+ %% $+i s%ins6 =n %i$! ce
!*es%e+ +ces%e "(cr(riI A'(n/i =n A(r6 d(!6 ce + !"ec+% c+"(">.
G7ndind(8se "+ %+%e !er+.ii"e de c+ncer de s7n !e c+re "e8+ #6c(%,
"+ "($!ec%$ii Ai $+s%ec%$ii, e" + e<!ri$+% deC/(s% #+.6 de idee+
des#i/(r6rii c(i*+ c7nd A%ii c6 n( i8+i $6ri% A+nse"e !en%r(
*indec+re>.
=nce!(se s68Ai cerce%eCe s(#"e%(".
C+re *+ #i e!i%+#(" $e(? Cinci $ii de $+s%ec%$iiH Ai
des#i/(r+% $+i $("%e #e$ei dec7% ricine +"%cine*+ din O)iH>
L6s7nd s+rc+s$(" de!+r%e, e" + s!(s c( sinceri%+%eI Cred c6
ricine *re+ s6 !"ece de !e !"+ne%+ +s%+ /7ndind(8se c6 !+%e...
!+%e + cn%riB(i% c( ce*+ s!re Bine>.
Dr. Esse"s%yn + =nce!(% s6 s%(dieCe "i%er+%(r+ dis!niBi"6 c(
!ri*ire "+ B"i"e !e c+re "e %r+%+ de Bicei. A ci%i% c7%e*+ din
c(nsc(%e"e "(cr6ri +"e Dr. ,)n McD(/+"",
c+re %c$+i scrisese c+r%e Bes%8se""er c( !ri*ire "+ s6n6%+%e Ai
+"i$en%+.ie, in%i%("+%6 :he FcDougall Plan+ A ci%i% (n s%(di(
A%iin.i#ic =n c+re se #6ce+ c$!+r+.ie =n%re r+%e"e in%ern+.in+"e +"e
B"i"r Ai s%i"(" de *i+.6, Ai (n s%(di( +" (n(i !+%"/ de "+
Uni*ersi%+%e+ din C)ic+/ c+re +r6%+ c6 die%6 s6r+c6 =n /r6si$i,
s6r+c6 =n c"es%er", +d$inis%r+%6 !ri$+%e"r ne8($+ne +r !(%e+
#+ce s6 re/reseCe +%ersc"erC+. E" + +'(ns "+ cnc"(Ci+ c6 B"i"e
c+re +%7% de +dese+ =i n6!6s%(i+( !e !+cien.ii s6i se d+%r+( (nei
+"i$en%+.ii B/+%e =n c+rne, /r6si$i Ai +"i$en%e #+r%e r+#in+%e.
AA+ c($ +$ $en.in+% =n c+!i%"(" L, e" + +*(% idee+ de +8Ai
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/r6si$i, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, i+r =n +n(" JORL s8+ d(s "+ Ae#+
c"inicii din C"e*e"+nd c+ s6 disc(%e s%(di(" s6(. Ace+s%+ + s!(s c6
ni$eni n( + d*edi% *red+%6 c6, "+ +$eni, B+"+ de ini$6 +r
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C( %+%e +ces%e+, Ess A%i+ c6 se +#"6 !e dr($(" ce" B(n Ai +
cn%in(+% =n %6cere s68Ai cnd(c6 s%(di(" =n (r$6%rii c7.i*+ +ni.
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Esse"s%yn + de*eni% c+$!in(" %r+%+$en%("(i !rin die%6 +"
B"ii, de.in7nd d+%e"e neces+re !en%r( + d*edi cee+ ce s(s.ine+.
=ns6 n( + #s% (Ar. =n "c de + #i rec(nsc(% c+ #iind (n er(, (nii
din sis%e$(" $edic+" +r #i !re#er+% c+ e" s6 dis!+r6. Unde*+ !e
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c+dr(" c6rei+ e" =ns(Ai se descri+ c+ #iind (n c)ir(r/ d(r,
in#"e<iBi">, e" + =nce!(% s6 #ie c(nsc(% Ai n($i% !e "+ s!+%e, Dr.
2+rC6.
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c6 (n $ c+re + +%ins c("$e+ (nei !r#esii #+r%e res!ec%+%e +
=ndr6Cni% s6 =ncerce ce*+ di#eri%, Ai + re(Ai% +ces% "(cr(, i+r +!i,
din%r8 d+%6, s8+ !$eni% =n +#+r+ ins%i%(.iei de (nde %reB(i+ s6
!ri*e+sc6 s!re =n6(n%r(. E" +$enin.+se s%+%(s a(8(" !rin e*i%+re+
%r+%+$en%e"r s%+nd+rd.
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sc%ind(8J + #i !re+ e<%re$>. Unii n( "8+( +cce!%+%, s!(n7ndI
Cred c6 cerce%+re+ =n +ce+s%6 Cn6 es%e !re+ s"+B6>, cee+ ce
cns%i%(ie (n c$en%+ri( +Bs(rd +*7nd(8se =n *edere n($er+se"e
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in%er*en.in+"e. Unii dc%ri i8+( s!(s "(i EssI Ei, Bine, OV, d+r
ni$eni n8 s6 $6n7nce +A+. E( n( !% nici $6c+r s68$i #+c
!+cien.ii s6 ren(n.e "+ #($+%>. R6s!(ns(" "(i Ess + #s%I D+,
!en%r( c6 n( %e8+i !re/6%i% =n +ces% sens. Es%e ne*ie de %% +%7% de
$("%e c(nA%in.e de s!eci+"i%+%e c+ Ai c7nd %e !re/6%eA%i !en%r(
By!+ss. C+ s6 cnsi"ieC (n !+cien% +$ ne*ie de %rei re> c+ s6 n(
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s!(s c+rdi"/("(i s6( c6 *re+ s6 =" cns("%e !e Ess Ai s6 se s(!(n6
(n(i !r/r+$ die%e%ic !en%r( + #+ce s6 re/reseCe B+"+ s+ de ini$6.
C+rdi"/(" i8+ r6s!(nsI Asc("%68$6 Bine. N( e<is%6 %r+%+$en% c+
s6 #+ci +ce+s%6 B+"6 s6 de+ =n+!i>. G7ndi.i !rB+Bi" c6 dc%rii +r
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C( !ri*ire "+ dc%ri Ai "i!s+ "r de B(n6*in.6 =n + "(+ =n
se+$6 die%+ !e B+C6 de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, Ess
s!(neI N( %reB(ie s6 #ii #r(s%r+%. AceA%i+ n( s(n% +$eni r6i.
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in%er*en.iei !rin die%6 +s(!r+ B"ii de ini$6 "+ +$eni n( er+( =nc6
+A+ de !(%ernice. =ns6 $+i %7rCi( +( #s% !(B"ic+%e reC("%+%e
A%iin.i#ice de (n s(cces #6r6 e/+", inc"(si* ce"e +"e "(i Esse"s%yn.
D+%e"e +*e+( /re(%+%e, er+( cnsis%en%e Ai !r#(nde, d+r, c( %+%e
+ces%e+, Ess + =n%7$!in+% !Ci.ieI
Pri*i.i (n c+rdi"/ 8 +ces%+ + =n*6.+% %% ce se !+%e des!re
Be%+8B"c+n%e, + =n*6.+% des!re +n%+/niA%ii de c+"ci(, + =n*6.+%
c($ s6 !6%r(nd6 c( c+%e%er(" =n ini$+ %+ Ai s6 ($#"e B+ "n+Ae"e
s+( s6 ni$ere+sc6 c( "+ser(" ri c( s%en%(" #6r6 s6 %e $+re, Ai
%+%e +ces%e+ s(n% "(cr(ri #+r%e s#is%ic+%e. A!i s(n% %+%e +ce"e
+sis%en%e, %+%e +ce"e se$n+"e "($in+se, %+%6 +ce+ +%$s#er6
dr+$+%ic6, =n%re/(" cn%e<% #+ce c+ dc%r(" s6 se ridice c($*+
de+s(!r+ %(%(rr. 2+ni%+%e+ +ces%r !ersn+'e es%e #6r6 "i$i%e. Ti
+!i, *ine cine*+ Ai s!(neI T%ii ce*+, e( cred c6 !(%e$ *indec+
B+"+ +s%+ c( *+rC6 Ai Brc"i>. R6s!(ns(" dc%r("(i es%eI CE?
+$ =n*6.+% %+%e !rs%ii"e din "($e, #+c +de*6r+%6 +*ere !rin cee+
ce c7A%i/, Ai %( *rei s68$i iei %%("?>
Ti +!i, c7nd +ce+ !ers+n6 *ine Ai c)i+r =i *indec6 !e
!+cien.i c( *+rC6 Ai Brc"i, +A+ c($ + #6c(% Esse"s%yn, Ai +re
reC("%+%e $+i B(ne dec7% c( rice $edic+$en%e s+( !rced(ri
c(nsc(%e, +#"i din%r8 d+%6 c6 ce*+ d6 reC("%+%e, #6r6 $+ri e#r%(ri,
$+i $("% dec7% cee+ ce se #+ce =n !r!r.ie de OO^ =n c+dr("
!r#esiei. ReC($7nd +ces% "(cr(, Ess s!(neI
Se crede c6 $edicii c+rdi"/i s(n% s!eci+"iA%i =n B"i"e ini$ii
8 Ai, c( %+%e +ces%e+, ei n( s(n% e<!er.i =n %r+%+re+ B"ii de ini$6,
i+r c7nd +'(n/ cnA%ien.i de +ces% "(cr(, de*in #+r%e de#ensi*i. Ei
!% %r+%+ si$!%$e"e, se !% =n/ri'i de +ri%$ii, =.i !% #+ce di*erse
in%er*en.ii, =ns6 n( A%i( c($ s6 %r+%eCe B+"+, c6ci es%e *rB+
de (n %r+%+$en%
n(%ri.in+"... I$+/in+.i8*6 (n die%e%ici+n ins%r(ind (n
c)ir(r/ de crdH
Esse"s%yn + desc!eri% c6 d+r si$!"+ +#ir$+.ie c6 !+cien.ii
!% +*e+ cn%r"(" +s(!r+ !r!riei "r s6n6%6.i cns%i%(ie (n +#rn%
!en%r( $(".i. AceA%i e<!er.i, "+ (r$+ (r$ei, s(n% !re/6%i.i c+ s6
#ere s6n6%+%e Ai *indec+re. Din !(nc% de *edere in%e"ec%(+" es%e
(n +#rn% !(%ernic s6 /7ndeA%i c6 !+cien%(" !+%e #+ce +ces% "(cr(
c( $+i $("%6 !r$!%i%(dine, /r+B6, si/(r+n.6, Ai *+ #i ce*+ c(
reC("%+%e !e %er$en "(n/.> C( %+%e $ec+nis$e"e, %e)n"/ii"e,
ins%r(ire+ Ai c(nA%in.e"e $edici"r, ni$ic n( !+%e #i $+i e#icien%
dec7% =ndr($+re+ !+cien%("(i s!re (n s%i" de *i+.6 cres!(nC6%r.
Ins6 Ess se /r6BeA%e s6 s(B"inieCe c6 dc%rii n( s(n% +$eni
r6(%6ciAi, +n/+'+.i =n%r8 cns!ir+.ieI
Sin/(r+ !ers+n6 c6rei+ =i !"+c sc)i$B6ri"e es%e n(8
n6sc(%(", Ai es%e nr$+" s6 #ie +A+, .ine de n+%(r+ ($+n6.
Pre%(%indeni (nde $er/i, OO^ din%re +$eni se +"i$en%e+C6
increc%. Ci#re"e s(n% =$!%ri*+ %+ Ai es%e #+r%e /re( c+ cei OO^ s6
se (i %e "+ %ine Ai s6 s!(n6I D+, e" +re dre!%+%e Ai ni %.i /reAi$>.
Un +"% Bs%+c"I "i!s+ de c(nA%in.e "e/+%e de n(%ri.ie =n
r7nd(" $edici"r. Ess + +*(% in%er+c.i(ni"e s+"e c( dc%ri
i/nr+n.i, i+r i$!resi+ s+ es%e c6 es%e +Bs"(% =n#ricA6%+re "i!s+
de c(nA%in.e =n r7nd(" $edici"r c( !ri*ire "+ !siBi"i%+%e+
re/resiei B"ii. Te =n%reBi +%(nci, +re ce #e" de "i%er+%(r6 ci%esc
+ceA%i indi*iCi?>
C(nA%in.e"e $edici"r =nse+$n6 +dese+ d+r %r+%+$en%e"e
s%+nd+rdI $edic+$en%e Ai !rced(ri. Ce +re de #eri% sec"(" UU
=n $edicin6? A*e$ $edic+$en%e Ai +*e$ !rced(ri. Crec%?>
Esse"s%yn se +!"e+c6 =n+in%e Ai, c( (n C7$Be% (Ar irnic, c+ Ai
c7nd ne8+r s!(ne c6 =$!6r+%(" n8+re )+ine, +#ir$6I D+r cine + Cis
*red+%6I [P+%e +r %reB(i s6 s%!6$ B+"+?[> P%ri*i% e<!erien.ei
Dr. Esse"s%yn, s%!+re+ B"ii n( de.ine (n "c !re+ i$!r%+n% =n
c+dr(" s%+%(s a(8("(icnce!%(+" $edic+".
LI(SA D= INST*UI*=
Sis%e$(" $edic+" se BiC(ie !(%ernic !e $edic+.ie Ai c)ir(r/ie
c( e<c"(dere+ n(%ri.iei Ai s%i"("(i de *i+.6. =n re+"i%+%e doctorii nu
sunt instrui)i (n nutri)ie %i corela)ia acesteia cu s'n'tatea. In JORL
Cnsi"i(" N+.in+" de Cerce%+re +" S%+%e"r Uni%e + #in+n.+%
r+!r%(" (n(i /r(! de "(cr( cns%i%(i% din e<!er.i c+re +( in*es%i/+%
c+n%i%+%e+ Ai c+"i%+%e+ ins%r(irii =n d$eni(" n(%ri.iei =n Ac"i"e
$edic+"e din S%+%e"e Uni%e.
P
Desc!eriri"e c$i%e%("(i +( #s%
c"+reI C$i%e%(" + cnc"(Cin+% c6 !r/r+$e"e de ed(c+.ie =n
n(%ri.ie =n Ac"i"e $edic+"e din S%+%e"e Uni%e s(n% c( %%("
necres!(nC6%+re !en%r( + #+ce #+.6 cerin.e"r !reCen%e Ai *ii%+re
+"e !r#esiei $edic+"e>.- =ns6 +ce+s%6 desc!erire n( + cns%i%(i%
ce*+ n(. C$i%e%(" + +r6%+% c6 =n JOSJ Cnsi"i(" !en%r( A"i$en%e
Ai N(%ri.ie +" Asci+.iei Medic+"e A$eric+ne + r+!r%+% c6 =n
Ac"i"e $edic+"e din S%+%e"e Uni%e n(%ri.i+ !ri$e+ rec(n+A%ere,
s(s.inere Ai +%en.ie in+dec*+%6>.
P
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L
C( +"%e c(*in%e, c( !es%e P: de
+ni =n (r$6, dc%rii =nAiAi +( +#ir$+% c6 ins%r(ire+ "r !ri*ind
n(%ri.i+ er+ in+dec*+%6. Ni$ic n( s8+ sc)i$B+% !7n6 =n JORL Ai
=nc6 !7n6 =n !reCen% cn%in(6 + se scrie +r%ic"e c+re cer%i#ic6 "i!s+
de ins%r(ire =n d$eni(" n(%ri.iei =n Ac"i"e $edic+"e.
S
[
;
Si%(+.i+ es%e !eric("+s6. N( d+r c6 es%e in+dec*+%6
ins%r(ire+ =n n(%ri.ie + $edici"rW e+ es%e !r+c%ic ine<is%en%6, =n
JORL, r+!r%(" Cnsi"i("(i N+.in+" de Cerce%+re + desc!eri% c6
$edicii !ri$esc, =n $edie, d+r 9J de re de c(rs(ri Fc+$ d(6
credi%eG de ins%r(ire =n n(%ri.ie =n %i$!(" ce"r !+%r( +ni de
!re/6%ire $edic+"6.
P
M+'ri%+%e+ Ac"i"r !rinse =n +ces% snd+'
!red+( =n re+"i%+%e $+i !(.in de d(6Ceci de re de cn%+c% c(
n(%ri.i+, s+( ec)i*+"en%(" re"r !en%r( (n(", d(6 credi%e. Prin
c$!+r+.ie, (n s%(di( $+'r de n(%ri.ie "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i *+
c(!rinde ec)i*+"en%(" re"r !en%r( 9L I+ P: de credi%e de
ins%r(ire, s+( +!r<i$+%i* 9L:8L:: re de cn%+c%W die%e%icienii
=nre/is%r+.i *r +*e+ $+i $("% de L:: re de cn%+c%.
De #+!% "(cr(ri"e s%+( Ai $+i r6(. M+re+ !+r%e + +ces%r re
de n(%ri.ie s(n% !red+%e =n !ri$(" +n de $edicin6,
!rin%re +"%e c(rs(ri de B+C6 =n A%iin.6. S(Biec%e"e c(!rinse in%r8(n
c(rs de B+C6 =n Bic)i$ie inc"(d $e%+B"is$(" n(%rien.i"r Ai0s+(
re+c.ii"e Bic)i$ice ce i$!"ic6 +n($i%e *i%+$ine Ai $iner+"e. <u
alte cuvinte, cel mai adesea nutri)ia nu este !predat' (n rela)ie cu
!pro*lemele de s'n'tate pu*lic', cum ar fi o*e/itatea, cancerul,
dia*etul, etc. Le/+% de r+!r%(" /(*ern+$en%+" din JORL,
!reAedin%e"e Asci+.iei S%(den.i"r "+ Medicin6 din A$eric+,
4i""i+$ V+ss"er, scrieI[
M+'ri%+%e+ c(nA%in.e"r de n(%ri.ie din !r/r+$+ de
=n*6.6$7n% #ici+"6 s(n% =ncr!r+%e =n +"%e c(rs(ri. Bic)i$i+,
#iCi"/i+ Ai #+r$+c"/i+ s(n% c(rs(ri"e des!re c+re se s(s.ine ce"
$+i +dese+ c6 +r cn.ine ins%r(c.i(ni =n n(%ri.ie. Pre+ +dese+ =n
+ces%e c(rs(ri n(%ri.i+ es%e +%ins6 #+r%e !e sc(r%, c( +ccen%
!rinci!+" !e disci!"in+ $+'r6. ;ste foarte posi*il a (ncheia un
asemenea curs %i nici s' nu!)i dai seama c' ai f'cut nutri)ie
cs(B"iniere+ $e+d. N(%ri.i+ !red+%6 de c6%re cei +" c6rr in%eres Ai
!re/6%ire s(n% !e +"% d$eni( !(r Ai si$!"( n( #(nc.ine+C6.
;ste chiar %i mai r'uT C7nd se #er6 ed(c+.ie =n n(%ri.ie
re"+%i* "+ !rB"e$e"e de s6n6%+%e !(B"ic6, /)ici.i cine #er6
$+%eri+"(" ed(c+%i*>? Ins%i%(%(" D+nnn, E// N(%ri%in B+rd,
N+%in+" C+%%"e$en[s Bee# Assci8+%in, N+%in+" D+iry C(nci",
Nes"e C"inic+" N(%ri%in, 4ye%)8Ayers% L+Br+%ries, Bris%"8
Myers Sa(iBB C$!+ny, B+<%er 5e+"%)c+re Cr!r+%in Ai +"%e"e
F*eCi c+!. +n%erirG, %+%e Ai8+( d+% $7n+ !en%r( + !rd(ce
Pr/r+$(" de N(%ri.ie =n Medicin6 Ai Ini.i+%i*+ Pr/r+$ei Ac"+re
de N(%ri.ie =n Medicin6.> Crede.i +re c6 +ce+s%6 ec)i!6 +"c6%(i%6
din re!reCen%+n.ii de %! +i ind(s%rii"r de +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 Ai de $edic+$en%e *r '(dec+ =n $d Biec%i* Ai *r
!r$*+ n(%ri.i+ !%i$6, d*edi%6 de A%iin.6 c+ #iind die%+ !e B+C6
de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, c+re red(ce "+
$ini$($ ne*i+ de $edic+$en%e? S+( *r =ncerc+ s6 !r%e'eCe
die%+ *es%ic6, !e B+C6 de c+rne, =n c+dr(" c6rei+ %+%6 "($e+
+A%e+!%6 s6 =n/)i%6 !i"("6 $in(ne !en%r( #iec+re B+"6? Ace+s%6
r/+niC+.ie es%e ce+ c+re +"c6%(ieA%e !r/r+$+ Ac+"6 !ri*ind
n(%ri.i+, inc"(si*
CD8ROM8(ri, !e c+re "e #er6 Ac"i"r $edic+"e /r+%(i%. N( de
$("%, =n 9::Q, JJ9 Ac"i $edic+"e #"se+( +ce+s%6 !r/r+$6
Ac"+r6.> P%ri*i% 3eB si%e8("(i "r, e<is%6 !"+n(ri in !reCen%
!en%r( deC*"%+re+ *ersi(ni"r !en%r( s%(den.ii +Bs"*en.i de
n(%ri.ie c+re =Ai cn%in(6 ed(c+.i+ $edic+"6 c7% Ai !en%r( +".i
s!eci+"iA%i din s6n6%+%e>.
F333.$ed.(nc.ed(0n(%r0ni$0DAi.)%$k+nc)r"O;QPQG Ind(s%ri+
!rd(se"r "+c%+%e + #in+n.+%, de +se$ene+, s%(dii =n cee+ ce
!ri*eA%e ed(c+.i+ =n n(%ri.ie din Ac"i"e $edic+"e Ai + #in+n.+%
!res%i/i+se> B(rse[>>. Aces%e e#r%(ri +r+%6 c6 ind(s%ri+ es%e Bine
!re/6%i%6 !en%r( + !r$*+ in%erese"e #in+nci+re ri de c7%e ri se
i*eA%e c+Ci+.
S6 n( *6 =nc)i!(i.i c6 dc%r(" +re $+i $("%e c(nA%in.e
des!re +"i$en%+.ie Ai re"+.i+ +ces%ei+ c( s6n6%+%e+ dec7% *ecinii s+(
c"e/ii d($ne+*+s%r6. Si%(+.i+ es%e de +A+ n+%(r6 =nc7% $edici
neins%r(i.i din !(nc% de *edere +" n(%ri.iei !rescri( !en%r(
di+Be%icii s(!r+!nder+"i !re!+r+%e !e B+C6 de "+!%e Ai C+)6r c+
=n"c(i%+re +"e $ese"r BiAn(i%e, !en%r( cei c+re *r s6 sc+d6 =n
/re(%+%e !rescri( die%e B/+%e =n c+rne Ai /r6si$i, i+r !en%r(
!+cien.ii c+re +( s%e!rC6 !rescri( "+!%e. PreCudiciile pentru
s'n'tate, ca urmare a ignoran)ei medicilor cu privire la nutri)ie,
sunt uluitoare.
A!+ren%, n( e<is%6 s(#icien%e $de"e de $edici s!eci+"iC+.i
!e n(%ri.ie> =n ed(c+.i+ $edic+"6. Un snd+' recen% +r+%6 c6 "i!s+
de $de"e de $edici s!eci+"iC+.i !e n(%ri.ie cns%i%(ie !rB+Bi"
cns%r7n/ere+ $+'r6 !en%r( !red+re+ n(%ri.iei "+ reCiden.i>.[
9
B6n(iesc =ns6 c6 +ces%e !r/r+$e $edic+"e d(c "i!s6 de $edici
s!eci+"iC+.i !e n(%ri.ie !(r Ai si$!"(, #iindc6 !en%r( ei n(
cns%i%(ie !riri%+%e + +n/+'+ +se$ene+ !r#esiniA%i. Ni$eni n(
A%ie $+i Bine +ces% "(cr( c+ Dr. ,)n McD(/+"".
(*GEGCA*=A D*9 /CDGU:ALL
Dr. ,)n McD(/+"" + s(s.in(% die%+ !en%r( s6n6%+%e !e B+C6
de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de ri/ine *e/e%+"6, !eri+d6 de %i$! $+i
"(n/6 dec7% ric+re +".i !r+c%icieni !e c+re =i
c(nsc e(. E" + scris Cece c6r.i, din%re c+re c7%e*+ +( #s% *7nd(%e
=n !es%e '($6%+%e de $i"in de e<e$!"+re. C(nA%in.e"e "(i c(
!ri*ire "+ n(%ri.ie Ai s6n6%+%e s(n% #en$en+"e, $+i $+ri dec7% +"e
%(%(rr c"e/i"r $ei n(%ri.iniA%i din +c+de$ie. Ne8+$ =n%7"ni%
recen% =n c+s+ "(i din C+r"in+ de Nrd Ai (n(" din !ri$e"e "(cr(ri
!e c+re $i "e8+ +r6%+% + #s% B+nc+ "(i de #iAiere +r+n'+%e =n !+%r(
s+( cinci d("+!(ri din $e%+" +r)i!"ine, +"ini+%e =n s!+%e"e Bir("(i
s6(. N( e<is%6 =n .+r6 $(".i +$eni c( c"ec.ie de "i%er+%(r6
des!re die%6 Ai B+"6 c+re +r !(%e+ s6 ri*+"iCeCe c( ce+ + Dr. ,)n
McD(/+"" Ai, "(cr(" ce" $+i i$!r%+n%, ,)n es%e =n #+r%e B(ne
re"+.ii c( %.i +ceA%i+. N( es%e neBiAn(i% !en%r( e" s6 !e%re+c6
c7%e*+ re !e Ci !e in%erne%, %rec7nd =n re*is%6 ("%i$e"e +r%ic"e =n
d$eni(. D+c6 +r #i s6 dese$n6$ (n $de" de $edic s!eci+"iC+%
=n n(%ri.ie>, !er#ec% din !(nc%(" de *edere ed(c+.in+", +%(nci +ce"+
+r #i Dr. ,)n McD(/+"".
In !eri+d+ de creA%ere, ,)n s8+ +"i$en%+% c( die%6 B/+%6,
*es%ic6. AA+ c($ s!(ne e", +*e+ !+%r( s!e.e !e CiI P+s%e"e "+
$ic(" de'(n, S6rB6%+re+ Rec(nA%in.ei "+ !r7nC, Cr6ci(n(" "+ cin6
Ai !e%recere de +ni*ers+re c+ deser%. S8+ de!rins =n +ces% #e" Ai, I+
*7rs%+ de !%s!reCece +ni, !e c7nd se +#"+ de c7%e*+ "(ni "+ c"e/i(,
+ +*(% (n +cciden% *+sc("+r cereBr+". D(!6 ce Ai8+ re*eni%,
dB7ndind (n si$.6$7n% n( de !re.(ire + *ie.ii, + de*eni% (n
s%(den% e$inen% i+r d(!6 +cee+ Ai8+ c$!"e%+% Ac+"+ $edic+"6 =n
Mic)i/+n Ai !eri+d+ de in%ernis% =n 5+3+ii. S8+ decis s68Ai #+c6
!r+c%ic+ in Bi/ Is"+nd =n 5+3+ii, (nde + +*(% /ri'6 de $ii de
!+cien.i, din%re c+re $(".i e$i/r+ser6 de c(r7nd din C)in+ s+(
Di"i!ine, i+r +".ii er+( + !+%r+ /ener+.ie de +$eric+ni de ri/ine
c)ineC6 s+( #i I i !ineC6.
In +ce" "c ,)n + de*eni% (n $edic ne#erici%. M("%e din
!rB"e$e"e de s6n6%+%e +"e !+cien.i"r s6i er+( (n reC("%+% +"
B"i"r crnice, c($ +r #i BeCi%+%e+, di+Be%(", c+ncer(", B+"+ de
ini$6 Ai +r%ri%+. ,)n =i %r+%+ +A+ c($ =n*6.+se, c( se%(" de !i"("e Ai
!rced(ri s%+nd+rd, =ns6 #+r%e !(.ini din%re +ceA%i+ s8+(
=ns6n6%Ai%. N8+( sc6!+% de B"i"e "r crnice Ai ,)n + de*eni% de
=nd+%6 cnA%ien% c6 er+ e<%re$ de "i$i%+% c+ $edic. De +se$ene+, +
=nce!(% s6 $+i =n*e.e
ce*+ de "+ !+cien.ii "(iI !ri$+ Ai + d(+ /ener+.ie de +$eric+ni
!r*eni.i din Asi+, +cei+ c+re $7nc+( $+i %r+di.in+", +"i$en%+.i+
%i!ic6 +si+%ic6 c( reC Ai "e/($e, er+( s6n6%Ai, =n #r$6 Ai n( er+(
+#ec%+.i de B"i"e crnice c+re n6!6s%(i+( !e cei"+".i !+cien.i +i s6i.
T%(Ai, + %rei+ Ai + !+%r+ /ener+.ie de +$eric+ni de !r*enien.6 din
Asi+, +d!%+ser6 =n =n%re/i$e Bicei(ri"e +"i$en%+re +"e A$ericii
Ai s(#ere+( de BeCi%+%e, di+Be% Ai %+%e ce"e"+"%e B"i crnice. De
"+ +ceA%i +$eni + =nce!(% s6 Bser*e c7% de i$!r%+n%6 er+
+"i$en%+.i+ !en%r( s6n6%+%e.
Pen%r( c6 n( =i !(%e+ *indec+ !e +$eni i+r !i"("e"e Ai
!rced(ri"e n( d6de+( reC("%+%e, ,)n + cnsider+% c6 +re ne*ie
de $+i $("%6 ins%r(ire Ai s8+ =nscris "+ (n !r/r+$ $edic+" !en%r(
+Bs"*en.i FreCiden.i+%G "+ i(eens Medic+" Cen%er din 5n"("(.
=n +ce" "c + =nce!(% e" s6 =n.e"e+/6 "i$i%6ri"e !e c+re sis%e$("
$edic+" "e i$!(sese Ai #+!%(" c6 ed(c+.i+ $edic+"6 $de"+ #e"("
c($ /7ndesc dc%rii.
,)n s8+ +!(c+% de +ce" !r/r+$ s!er7nd s6 desc!ere c($ +r
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!(B"ici%+%e+ ce se #+ce $edic+$en%e"r. Ace+s%6 !(B"ici%+%e n( es%e
+n+"iC+%6 =n $d cres!(nC6%r de c6%re re*is%6 i+r c$!+nii"e
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!er$i% s6 "e #ie #6c(%e c+d(ri sc($!e Ai e<c(rsii =n "c(ri de "(<.
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!ri*ire "+ c+(Ce"e B"i"r Ai in%er*en.ii ne$edic+$en%+se !(r Ai
si$!"( n( se #+c =n cen%re"e de #r$+re $edic+"6. De e<e$!"(,
cerce%6%rii +c+de$ici se !% i$!"ic+ c( +rd+re =n + desc!eri
!i"("6 c+re s6 %r+%eCe si$!%$e"e BeCi%6.ii, d+r n( Ai8+r cns+cr+
nici (n !ic de %i$! s+( B+ni !en%r( + =n*6.+ !e +$eni c($ s6
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(nva)' s' se *i/uiasc' pe medicamente %i dispo/itive medicale mai
mult dec&t ar tre*ui pro*a*il s!o fac' c+ccen%(+re+ $e+d. AA+ c($
+c(C6 +dese+ cri%icii $edicinei, medicii tineri (nva)' c' pentru
fiecare pro*lem' e0ist' o pastil' c+ccen%(+re+ $e+d FAi (n
re!reCen%+n% +" (nei c$!+nii de $edic+$en%e c+re s6 e<!"iceG.
Ei s(n% de +se$ene+ BiAn(i.i s6 !ri$e+sc6 d+r(ri Ai #+*r(ri din
!+r%e+ (nei ind(s%rii c+re #"seA%e +ces%e
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Cen%re"e $edic+"e +c+de$ice, !er$i.7nd(8Ai s6 de*in6
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$edic+"e.>
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%i$! c7% $edic(" d($ne+*+s%r6 n( + +'(ns "+ cnc"(Ci+ c6
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reC("%+%e Ai n( + decis s6 !e%re+c6 s(#icien% de $("% %i$!
dc($en%7nd(8se =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e +"i$en%+.ie
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deseBi%6.
Si%(+.i+ + +'(ns +%7% de /r+*6 =nc7% Dr. McD(/+"" + dec"+r+%I
E( n( A%i( ce s6 $+i cred. C7nd ci%esc (n re#er+% c+re s!(ne c6 +r
%reB(i s6 d+( !+cien.i"r $ei ce s(#er6 de B+"+ de ini$6
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!en%r( ini$6, e( n( A%i( d+c6 !% crede +A+ ce*+, d+c6 es%e
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$edic+$en%e ni, #ie *+ B.ine Bi"6 ne+/r6 de +*er%iC+re>, cee+
ce indic6 re+c.ie +d*ers6 seri+s6, nec(nsc(%6 =n+in%e, ce !+%e
+*e+ c+ (r$+re $+r%e+ s+( *6%6$6ri seri+se, #ie *+ #i re%r+s de
!e !i+.6 =n (r$6%rii d(6Ceci Ai cinci de +ni.
Q9
D(6Ceci "+ s(%6
din $edic+$en%e"e ni +( e#ec%e sec(nd+re /r+*e nec(nsc(%e Ai
$+i $("% de J::.::: +$eric+ni $r =n #iec+re +n din c+(C6 c6 =Ai
i+( =n $d corect $edic+.i+ prescris' corespun/'tor., Ace+s%+
cns%i%(ie (n+ din !rinci!+"e"e c+(Ce de $r%+"i%+%e =n A$eric+H
D=STINUL D*9 /CDGU:ALL
D(!6 ce Ai8+ %er$in+% ed(c+.i+ #ici+"6 Dr. ,)n McD(/+""
s8+ s%+Bi"i% !en%r( +8Ai e<erci%+ !r#esi+ =n ins("+ )+3+i+n6 O+)(.
E" + =nce!(% s6 scrie c6r.i des!re n(%ri.ie Ai s6n6%+%e Ai + dB7ndi%
(n ren($e n+.in+". Pe "+ $i'"c(" +ni"r [R: ,)n + #s% cn%+c%+%
de S!i %+"(" S%. 5e"en+ din N+!+ 2+""ey, C+"i#rni+, Ai + #s%
=n%reB+% d+c6 +cce!%6 !Ci.ie de cnd(cere "+ cen%r(" de s6n6%+%e
+" +ces%(i+. S!i%+"(" er+ (n s!i%+" +" +d*en%iA%i"r de Ci(+ + A+!%e+W
d+c6 *6 +d(ce.i +$in%e din c+!i%"(" ;, +d*en%iA%ii de Ci(+ + A+!%e+
=Ai =nc(r+'e+C6 +de!.ii s6 #"se+sc6 die%6 *e/e%+ri+n6 Fc)i+r
d+c6 ei cns($6 !rd(se "+c%+%e c( $("% !es%e $edi+ BiAn(i%6G.
Er+ c+Cie !re+ B(n6 c+ s6 %re+c6 !es%e e+, +A+ c6 ,)n + !6r6si%
5+3+ii Ai s8+ =ndre!%+% s!re C+"i#rni+.
,)n + d(s8 Bine =n S%. 5e"en+ $(".i +ni. EI + !red+% n(%ri.ie
Ai + #"si% n(%ri.i+ !en%r( +8Ai %r+%+ !+cien.i #+r%e B"n+*i, "(cr(
!e c+re J8+ #6c(% c( (n s(cces #+n%+s%ic. A %r+%+% !es%e 9::: de
!+cien.i B"n+*i Ai =n dec(rs(" + A+is!reCece +ni n( i s8+ in%en%+%
nici (n !rces Ai nici $6c+r scris+re de !"7n/ere. P+%e Ai $+i
i$!r%+n% dec7% +ces% "(cr(, ,)n + *6C(% c( c)ii "(i c($ +ceA%i
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#e" c+ +%(nci c7nd *enise +c". Ne$(".($ire+ "(i er+ =n creA%ere.
Des!re +cei +ni de $+i %7rCi( e" + s!(sI N( crede+$ c6 s6 $+i
+$ *re(n s(cces. Pr/r+$(" c(!rinde+ JL: s+( J;: de !ers+ne
!e +n Ai +s%+ er+ %%. Nicid+%6 n( creA%e+. N( +*e+$ nici (n #e" de
s(s.inere din !+r%e+ s!i%+"("(i Ai +*(sese$ $(".i$e de
direc%ri.>
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$$en% d+%, de!+r%+$en%(" de c+rdi"/ie + Biec%+% #+.6 de #e"("
=n c+re !rced+ ,)n c( !+cien.ii B"n+*i de ini$6. ,)n "e8+ s!(sI
I+%6 ce *6 !r!(nI e( +$ s6 %ri$i% "+ *i #iec+re !+cien% +" $e( c(
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i %ri$i%e.i !e +i *A%ri.> Er+ #er%6 #6c(%6 c( %+%6
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%ri$is (n !+cien% "+ (n c+rdi"/ i+r +ces%+ i8+ s!(s =n $d
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ce c+rdi"/(" + rec$+nd+% !er+.ie (n(i+ din%re !+cien.ii s6i,
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desc)id6 ini$+H Ti !en%r( +s%+ s68J %+<eCi c( L:.::: s+( J::.:::
de d"+ri. De ce n( *rei s6 disc(%6$? N( creCi c6 +r #i crec% #+.6
de !+cien%?> C+rdi"/(" n( + +cce!%+%, s!(n7nd c6 +A+ ce*+ n( +r
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("%i$+ d+%6 c7nd e" + $+i rec$+nd+% in%er*en.ie c)ir(r/ic+"6 !e
crd (n(i+ din !+cien.ii "(i ,)n.
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!+cien%. M%i*(", cn#r$ ce"r s!(se de ,)nI
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*ene+( din !r!rie ini.i+%i*6 "+ $ine. Ei *ene+( "+ $ine c( B"i de
ini$6, )i!er%ensi(ne +r%eri+"6 s+( di+Be%. E( =i !(ne+$ !e die%6 Ai
c(r7nd n( $+i +*e+( ne*ie de nici (n+ din !+s%i"e"e !e c+re "e
"(+(, i+r *+"ri"e "e re*ene+( "+ nr$+".
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+i s!(s +s%+ =n+in%e? De ce $8+i "6s+% s6 s(#6r, s6 c)e"%(iesc +%7.i+
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#("/i de *6C?> Dc%rii n( *r s6 +(d6 +A+ ce*+.
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=ns6 ("%i$(" + #s% /ener+% de !r/r+$(" !ri*ind sc"erC+ $("%i!"6
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+#ir$+ ,)n, er+( !+%r( $%i*e !en%r( c+re +ces%+ s8+r #i !%ri*i%
Bine "+ S%. 5e"en+I
] se !%ri*e+ Bine c( #i"C#i+ +d*en%iA%i"rW %r+%+$en% die%e%ic
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] n( +r #i cs%+% +!r+!e ni$ic.
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de #+.6 ni n( +*e$ ne*ie s6 in%rd(ce$ *re(n !r/r+$ n(.>
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=nse+$n6 (n s!i%+"? De ce ne +#"6$ +ici? E( crede+$ c6 s(n%e$
+ici c+ s6 +*e$ /ri'6 de +$enii B"n+*i>.
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+s%+ s(n%e$ +ici, d+r A%ii Ai c6 !+cien.ii c( sc"erC6 $("%i!"6 n(
s(n% !+cien.i dri.i. T( =ns(.i $i8+i s!(s c6 ce"r $+i $(".i din%re
ne(r"/i n( "e !"+ce s6 +iB6 in /ri'6 !+cien.i c( sc"erC6
$("%i!"6>. ,)n n( !(%e+ crede ce +(Ce+. =n%r8(n $$en% #+r%e
%ensin+%, e" + s!(sI
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e( s"('B+ n+s%r6 es%e s6 +"in6$ s(#erin.+ ce"r B"n+*i. AceA%i+
s(n% +$eni B"n+*i. D+r !en%r( c6 +".i dc%ri n( =i !% +'(%+ !e
+ceA%i+ =n s(#erin.+ "r n( =nse+$n6 c6 ni n( !(%e$. I+%6 d*+d+
c+re s!(ne c6 ni !(%e$. A$ (n %r+%+$en% e#icien% !en%r( +$eni
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e<!"ici de ce n( +$ *re+ ni s6 "(6$ =n /ri'6 +se$ene+ !+cien.i?
E" + cn%in(+%I
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+$ ne*ie de +ces% !r/r+$, Ai de ce +re ne*ie s!i%+"(" de +ces%
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=$i #+ci !r/r+$+re "+ e+.
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c( s!i%+"(" Ai s8+ decis s6 n( #+c6 +ces% "(cr(. A !"ec+% de +c" =n
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Ai +d(c6 +$in%e de S%. 5e"en+ !en%r( cee+ ce + cns%i%(i% !en%r( e"I
(n "c B(n %i$! de A+is!reCece +ni, d+r (n "c c+re er+ %%(Ai
!rins =n $ec+nis$(" +%%c(!rinC6%r +" B+ni"r Ai
$edic+$en%e"r>.
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cns("%+.ie "+ Dr. McD(/+"", $i8+$ sc)i$B+% +"i$en%+.i+ Ai n(
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dc%r(" =n%rer(!e re!ede Cic7ndI D+, @, Bine, eA%i c( +de*6r+%
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sc+!6 de e" c7% de re!ed e !+%e.Es%e i ncred i Bi J... incrediBi J.
*LS(LATA LUI =SS=LST@N
=n%rs =n O)i, Dr. Esse"s%yn s8+ re%r+s din c)ir(r/i+ +c%i*6 =n
i(nie 9::: Ai + !re"(+% #(nc.i+ de cns("%+n% =n c+rdi"/ie
!re*en%i*6 "+ de!+r%+$en%(" de c)ir(r/ie /ener+"6 de "+ C"inic+
C"e*e"+nd. A cn%in(+% s6 #+c6 cerce%+re Ai s68Ai *iCi%eCe !+cien.ii.
ine sesi(ni de %rei re c( ni !+cien.i c+re s(#er6 de ini$6, "e
#er6 d*eCi din cerce%+re Ai de +se$ene+ $+s6 de"ici+s6
si/(r6 !en%r( ini$6>. =n !"(s, .ine cn#erin.e =n .+r6 Ai =n
s%r6in6%+%e.
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C"inic+ C"e*e"+nd, +( =n%c$i% scris+re c6%re Ae#("
de!+r%+$en%("(i de c+rdi"/ie Ai Ae#(" de s!i%+" de "+ C"inic+
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de re!(%+.i+ !en%r( e<ce"en.6 + C"inicii Ai in*en%+re+ de !rced(ri
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n( *+ #i s"(.i+ "+ +ce+s%6 e!ide$ie de B"i de ini$6. Ess + !r!(s
=n $d #ici+" idee+ c6 e" +r !(%e+ #i de #"s !rin%r8(n !r/r+$
die%e%ic de s%!+re Ai c)i+r re/resie + B"ii =n c+dr("
de!+r%+$en%("(i de c+rdi"/ie !re*en%i*6 de "+ C"inic+
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ide+", (n $edic %7n6r c( !+si(ne !en%r( +ce+s%6 idee +r %reB(i s6
cnd(c6 !r/r+$(". =n ("%i$6 ins%+n.6, #iec6r(i !+cien% c( B+"6
de ini$6 de "+ C"inic6 i s8+r #eri !.i(ne+ (n(i %r+%+$en% de
s%!+re Ai re/resie + B"ii !rin $i'"+ce die%e%ice, c+re cs%6 #+r%e
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cn%r"(" s6n6%6.ii s+"e =n !r!rii"e $7ini.
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c+Ci+. N8+ #s% s6 #ie +A+. D(!6 ce Esse"s%yn + #s% %i$! de
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c+rdi"/ie. AA+ c6 Ess J8+ s(n+% !e Ae#(" de "+ c+rdi"/ie Ai
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$("%e cerce%6ri *r +d(ce ni d*eCi =n s!ri'in(" + cee+ ce s!(ne
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n( +( nici in%en.ie c( !ri*ire "+ c"es%er". T%(" es%e +%7% de *+/.
C+rdi"/i+ !re*en%i*6 se $7ndreA%e $("% c7nd s(n% =n s%+re s6
red(c6 r+%+ de !r/resie + B"ii. D+r +s%+ n( e c+ncer, +$eni
B(niH
In%re %i$! s8+ =n%7$!"+% ce*+ in%eres+n%I c+ Ai =n c+C(" Dr.
McD(/+"", $(".i din A%+Bii> de "+ C"inic6, ei =nAiAi B"n+*i de
ini$6, s8+( d(s "+ Esse"s%yn !en%r( %r+%+$en% Ai cnsi"iere !ri*ind
s%i"(" de *i+.6. Ei A%i+( c6 +ces%+ d6 reC("%+%e Ai =ncerc+( ei =nAiAi
!r/r+$(" res!ec%i*.
AA+ c($ Cice Ess, s8+r !(%e+ +'(n/e "+ criC6 (i$i%+reI
A$ %r+%+% c7.i*+ din ec)i!+ de seniri c( B+"6 crn+ri+n6
de "+ C"inic6 8 $edici din ec)i!+ de seniri. A$ %r+%+% de
+se$ene+ !e $(".i din senirii din +d$inis%r+.ie. Un(" din%re cei
din +d$inis%r+.ie c(n+A%e #r(s%r6ri"e c6rr+ "e8+$ #6c(% #+.6 =n
=ncerc+re+ de + #+ce +ces% "(cr( "+ C"inic6, Ai + s!(sI E( cred c6,
d+c6 se *+ +(Ci c6 Esse"s%yn de.ine +ces% %r+%+$en% c+re s%!e+C6
Ai re/rese+C6 B+"+ "+ C"inic+ C"e*e"+nd, Ai c6 +ces%+ + #s% #"si%
de senirii din c+dr(" !ersn+"("(i Ai c6 e" + %r+%+% Ai seniri din
+d$inis%r+.ie, d+r n( i8+ #s% !er$is s6 %r+%eCe Ai +$enii
BiAn(i.i, ni +$ !(%e+ #i d+.i =n '(dec+%6>.
Pen%r( $$en% Ess, c( +'(%r(" s.iei s+"e, *+ cn%in(+ s6
.in6 sesi(ni de cnsi"iere =n +#+r+ !r!riei s+"e c+se de+rece
ins%i%(.i+ c6rei+ i8+ cns+cr+% ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e + *ie.ii s+"e n(
dreA%e s6 s!ri'ine +Brd+re die%e%ic6 ce cnc(re+C6 c(
%r+%+$en%(" s6( s%+nd+rd c( !i"("e Ai !rced(ri c)ir(r/ic+"e. 2+r+
%rec(%6 Ess + !e%rec(% $+i $("% %i$! c+ de Bicei "+ #er$+ s+ din
nrd(" Ne3 ?r@8("(i, "(cr7nd "+ #7n. =i !"+ce *i+.+ re"+<+%6, d+r "+
#e" de $("% i8+r !"6ce+ s6 cn%in(e s6 +'(%e !e +$enii =n s(#erin.6
s6 se #+c6 Bine c( +'(%r(" C"inicii C"e*e"+nd. 2ns' ei nu (i permit
s' fac' acest lucru. Din !(nc%(" $e( de *edere +ces% "(cr( n( es%e
c( ni$ic $+i !(.in dec7% (n +c% cri$in+". Ni, !(B"ic(", ne
=ndre!%6$ s!re dc%ri Ai s!i%+"e =n $$en%e de $+re ne*ie. =n
ce8i !ri*eA%e !e ei, #+!%(" c6 #er6 =n/ri'ire $edic+"6 c+re es%e, c(
B(n6 A%iin.6, $+i !(.in dec7% (n !%i$($ ce !+%e #i #eri%,
=n/ri'ire $edic+"6 c+re n( ne !r%e'e+C6 s6n6%+%e+, n( ne *indec6
de B+"6 Ai ne cs%6 Ceci de $ii de d"+ri, es%e de neier%+% din !(nc%
de *edere $r+". Ess reC($6 +s%#e" si%(+.i+ +ce+s%+I
C"inic+ in'ec%e+C6 +c($ ce"("e ri/in+"e =n =ncerc+re+ de +
#+ce s6 cre+sc6 ni *+se de s7n/e +"e ini$ii. N( +r #i $+i (Ar s6
s%!eCe B+"+? Es%e =ns!6i$7n%6%r, n(8i +A+?
Es%e #+r%e d(rers Ai de necreC(% c6 s(n%e$ cnd(Ai de +$eni
c+re re#(C6 s6 cre+d6 cee+ ce es%e d*edi%H
A%7% "(i Esse"s%yn c7% Ai "(i McD(/+"" "i s8+ re#(C+%
rein%r+re+ =n sis%e$ d(!6 %i%"(ri"e de s(cces +!6r(%e cn#r$
c6rr+ +$enii s(n% *indec+.i !rin %r+%+$en%e n(%ri.in+"e. D+,
+ccen%(" se !(ne !e B+ni 8 !%ri*i% ce"r s!(se de ,)n Ai Ess R:^
din *eni%(ri"e de "+ S%. 5e"en+ Ai SL^ din ce"e de "+ C"inic+
C"e*e"+nd !r*ene+( din %r+%+$en%e"e %r+di.in+"e !en%r( B+"+ de
ini$6, in%er*en.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e 8 d+r n( es%e *rB+ n($+i de B+ni.
P+%e #i *rB+ Ai de +$enin.+re in%e"ec%(+"6 +*7nd =n *edere c6
!+cien%(" +r !(%e+ +*e+ cn%r"(", Ai n( dc%r("W c6 ce*+ +%7% de
si$!"( c+ )r+n+ +r !(%e+ #i $("% $+i !(%ernic dec7% %+%e
c(nA%in.e"e des!re $edic+$en%e Ai !rced(ri %e)nice
!er#r$+n%eW !+%e #i "i!s+ de ed(c+.ie crediBi"6 =n n(%ri.ie in
Ac"i"e n+s%re $edic+"e, !+%e #i in#"(en.+ ind(s%riei de
$edic+$en%e. Orice +r #i, + de*eni% c"+r c6 ind(s%ri+ $edic+"6 din
.+r+ n+s%r6 n( ne !r%e'e+C6 s6n6%+%e+ +A+ c($ +r %reB(i. E<+c%
c($ s!(ne si$!"( McD(/+"", =nde!6r%7nd(8Ai Br+.e"e c( !+"$e"e
=n s(s Ai ridic7nd din ($eriI Es%e dinc" de rice =n.e"e/ere>.
14
ISTG*II CA*= S= *=(=TL
=n JORL, !e c7nd $6 +#"+$ =n +n(" s+B+%ic !en%r( s%(dii "+
O<#rd, An/"i+, +$ +*(% c+Ci+ de + s%(di+ is%ri+ +"i$en%+.iei Ai +
B"i"r "+ c7%e*+ din $+ri"e BiB"i%eci $edic+"e din "($e+ *es%ic6.
M8+$ #"si% de ren($i%+ BiB"i%ec6 Bd"e+n din O<#rd Ai de
BiB"i%eci"e "ndneCe +"e Ry+" C""e/e # S(r/ens Ai I$!eri+"
C+ncer Rese+rc) D(nd. =n r6/+C(" "iniA%i% din +ces%e s+nc%(+re
!+rdsi%e c( $+r$(r6, +$ #s% e$.in+% s6 desc!6r +(%ri c+re
+( scris c( e"c*en.6 !ri*i%r "+ s(Biec%(" die%6 Ai c+ncer, !rin%re
+"%e B"i, c( !es%e JL: de +ni =n (r$6.
Un +se$ene+ +(%r + #s% Ger/e M+ci"3+in, c+re + scris
!+%r(s!reCece c6r.i des!re $edicin6 Ai s6n6%+%e. M+ci"3+in s8+
n6sc(% Ai + cresc(% =n nrd(" Ir"+ndei. M+i %7rCi( s8+ $(%+% I+
Lndr+, (nde + de*eni% (n c)ir(r/ de ren($e, !e "+ =nce!(%("
sec"("(i +" U"U8"e+. Aici +*e+ s6 de*in6 $e$Br( i+r $+i %7rCi(
cerce%6%r nri#ic +" Ry+" C""e/e # S(r/ens FC"e/i(" Re/+"
+" C)ir(r/i"rG. A de*eni% *e/e%+ri+n "+ *7rs%+ de !+%r(Ceci de +ni,
d(!6 ce Ai8+ d+% se+$+ c6 /r6si$i"e, ("ei(ri"e Ai +"c"(">
cns%i%(ie c+(Ce"e !rinci!+"e +"e c+ncer("(i.[ M+ci"3+in +
!!("+riC+% de +se$ene+ %eri+ n+%(rii cns%i%(.in+"e + B"ii>, =n
!rinci!+" c( re#erire "+ ri/ini"e Ai %r+%+$en%(" c+ncer("(i.
Cnce!%(" n+%(rii cns%i%(.in+"e + B"ii s(s.ine c6 B+"+ n( se
d+%re+C6 #+!%("(i c6 ce*+ n( es%e =n re/("6 c( (n r/+n, ce"("6
s+( re+c.ie, s+( (r$+re+ (nei c+(Ce e<%erne c+re +c.ine+C6
inde!enden%. E+ es%e reC("%+%(" deterior'rii mai multor sisteme
din organism. =n !Ci.ie c( +ces% cnce!% er+ %eri+ "c+"6 c(
!ri*ire "+ B+"6, c+re s(s.ine+ c6 B+"+ es%e c+(C+%6 de (n sin/(r
+/en% e<%ern c+re +c.ine+C6 =n%r8(n +n($i% "c din cr!. L+ d+%+
res!ec%i*6, se dis!(%+ "(!%6
+!ri/6 =n%re cei c+re crede+( =n +"i$en%+.ie Ai cei c+re s(s.ine+(
c)ir(r/i+ Ai #"sire+ $edic+$en%e"r. Ade!.ii B"ii "c+"e>
s(s.ine+( c6 B+"+ es%e !rd(s6 "c+" Ai !+%e #i =nde!6r%+%6 Ai
%r+%+%6 "c+" c( +'(%r(" (nr s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice iC"+%e. In !Ci.ie
c( +ceA%i+, cei c+re er+( =n #+*+re+ +"i$en%+.iei Ai + s%i"("(i de
*i+.6 crede+( c6 B+"+ er+ (n si$!%$ ce reC("%+ din
c+r+c%eris%ici"e cns%i%(.in+"e> +"e =n%re/("(i r/+nis$.
M8+ i$!resin+% #+!%(" c6 +ces%e c6r.i *ec)i cn.ine+(
+ce"e+Ai idei c( !ri*ire "+ die%6 Ai B+"6 c+ ce"e ce ieAiser6 "+ i*e+"6
din dis!(%e"e c( !ri*ire "+ s6n6%+%e din +nii JOR:. Pe $6s(r6 ce
+#"+$ %% $+i $("%e des!re M+ci"3+in, +$ +'(ns s68$i d+( se+$+
c6 e" er+ r(d6 c( $ine. N($e"e de #+%6 +" B(nicii $e"e din !+r%e+
%+%6"(i er+ M+ci"3+in, Ai +ce+ r+$(r6> + #+$i"iei "c(ise =n
+cee+Ai !+r%e din nrd(" Ir"+ndei de (nde !r*ene+ Ger/e
M+ci"3+in. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, e<is%+( re"+%6ri des!re (n ren($i%
M+ci"3+in c+re !6r6sise #er$+ #+$i"iei din Ir"+nd+ Ai de*enise (n
dc%r ren($i% "+ Lndr+ "+ =nce!(%(" sec"("(i +"
n(6s!reCece"e+. T+%6" $e(, c+re i$i/r+se din nrd(" Ir"+ndei,
+$in%ise ce*+ des!re (n +n($e (nc)i Ger/e c7nd e( er+$ $ic,
d+r n( +$ A%i(% nicid+%6 cine + #s% +ces% $. D(!6 ce +$ #6c(%
$+i $("%e in*es%i/+.ii /ene+"/ice, +$ +'(ns "+ cnc"(Ci+ +!r+!e
si/(r6 c6 Ger/e M+ci"3+in + #s% s%r68s%r68(nc)i(" $e(.
Ace+s%6 desc!erire + #s% (n+ din ce"e $+i re$+rc+Bi"e din
*i+.+ $e+. S.i+ $i8+ s!(sI C+ Ai c($ +r #i !siBi"6
re=nc+rn+re+...> S(n% de +crdI d+c6 +r #i c+ e( s6 #i %r6i% *i+.6
+n%eri+r6, +%(nci +$ #s% Ger/e M+ci"3+in. A$7ndi +$ +*(%
c+riere si$i"+reW +$7ndi +$ de*eni% #+r%e cnA%ien.i de
i$!r%+n.+ +"i$en%+.iei =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e B+"+ Ai +$7ndi +$
de*eni% *e/e%+rieni. Une"e din idei"e "(i, scrise c( JL: de +ni =n
(r$6, er+( +%7% de +!r!i+%e de cee+ ce crede+$ e(, =nc7% si$.e+$
c6 !+rc6 +( ieAi% din /(r+ $e+.
In %i$! ce ci%e+$ =n +ces%e BiB"i%eci $+ies%(+se, =nc6rc+%e
de is%rie, +$ desc!eri% $("%e +"%e "(cr(ri, !e "7n/6 ce"e "e/+%e de
is%ri+ #+$i"iei $e"e. A$ desc!eri% c6 +$enii de A%iin.6 er+(
!rinAi =n cn%r*erse c( !ri*ire "+
n+%(r+ B"ii de sec"e, c)i+r de $i"enii. C( +!r+!e 9L:: de +ni =n
(r$6, P"+%n + scris (n di+"/ =n%re d(6 !ersn+'e, Scr+%e Ai
G"+(cn =n c+re +ceA%i+ disc(%6 *ii%r(" ce%6.i"r "r. Scr+%e s!(ne
c6 ce%6.i"e *r #i si$!"e, i+r ce%6.enii *r s(!r+*ie.(i c( rC Ai
/r7(, s+*(r7nd +r$e, $6s"ine, Br7nC6 Ai $7nc+re+ de "+ .+r6,
*+rC6 #i+r%6 c( ce+!6>, c( deser%(ri s$c)ine, $+C6re, #+s"e>, c(
!+$e !r6'i%e Ai 'ir, Ai *in c( $6s(r6.
9
Scr+%e s!(neI Ti, +s%#e",
!e%rec7nd(8Ai Ci"e"e =n "iniA%e c( s6n6%+%e, ei *r %r6i, d(!6 %+%e
!rB+Bi"i%6.i"e, !7n6 "+ *7rs%6 =n+in%+%6...>
Ins6 /"+(cn r6s!(nde c6 +se$ene+ +"i$en%+.ie +r #i
!%ri*i%6 !en%r( !rci> Ai c6 ce%6.enii +r %reB(i s6 %r6i+sc6 =n%r8(n
$d ci*i"iC+%>. E" cn%in(6I Ei %reB(ie s6 s%e+ c("c+.i !e di*+n...
Ai s68Ai !ri$e+sc6 $7nc+re+ Ai deser%(" (nei $ese $derne>. C(
+"%e c(*in%e, ce%6.enii +r %reB(i s68Ai !er$i%6 "(<("> de + cns($+
c+rne. Scr+%e d6 re!"ic+I d+c6 *rei s6 +'(n/e$ s6 !ri*i$ ce%+%e
c+re s(#er6 de in#"+$+.ie... *$ +*e+ de +se$ene+ ne*ie de $+ri
c+n%i%6.i de %% #e"(" de *i%e !en%r( cei c+re *r *i s6 "e $6n7nce,
n(8i +A+?>
G"+(cn s!(neI Desi/(r>. Scr+%e cn%in(6I A%(nci n(
*$ +*e+ +re ne*ie de $+i $(".i +$eni !rice!(.i "+ $edicin6
d+c6 *$ +*e+ +ces% re/i$ Ai n( ce"6"+"%?> G"+(cn n( !+%e
%6/6d(i. D+, =n%r8+de*6r>, s!(ne e". Scr+%e cn%in(6 s!(n7nd c6
+ce+s%6 ce%+%e de "(< *+ d(ce "i!s6 de !6$7n%(ri din c+(C+ ne*ii
de s(!r+#e.e $+i $+ri neces+re !en%r( creA%ere+ de +ni$+"e !en%r(
)r+n6. Ace+s%6 "i!s6 =i *+ de%er$in+ !e ce%6.eni s6 i+ !6$7n% de "+
+".ii, cee+ ce +r !(%e+ !reci!i%+ *i"en.+ Ai r6CBi(", Ai +s%#e" ne*i+
d(!6 '(s%i.ie. M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, Scr+%e scrieI C7nd
des%r6B6"+re+ Ai B"i"e +B(nd6 =n%r8 ce%+%e, n( s(n% +re s6"i"e de
'(dec+%6 Ai ce"e de !er+.ii c)ir(r/ic+"e desc)ise din +B(nden.6, Ai
+re n( "e/e+ Ai A%iin.+ $edic+"6 s(n% ce"e c+re =Ai =n+".6 c+!e%e"e
c7nd $("%e din%re !ers+ne"e c)i+r c( !Ci.ie sci+"6 B(n6 se
cns+cr6 c( Ce" +ces%r !r#esii?> C( +"%e c(*in%e, =n +ces%e ce%6.i
"(<+se +"e s(#erin.ei Ai B"i"r, +*c+.ii Ai dc%rii de*in
necesi%+%e.
9
P"+%n +r+%6 #+r%e c"+r =n +ces% !+s+' c6 d+c6 $7nc6$
+ni$+"e, #+ce$ d+r s!re *6%6$+re+ n+s%r6. =n %i$! ce es%e c(
+de*6r+% re$+rc+Bi" c6 (n(" din cei $+i $+ri in%e"ec%(+"i +i "($ii
+!(sene + cnd+$n+% (%i"iC+re+ de c+rne c( +!r+!e 9L:: de +ni
=n (r$6, sc%esc c6 es%e =nc6 Ai $+i in%eres+n% #+!%(" c6 d+r
!(.ini s(n% cei ce +( c(nsc(% +ce+s%6 re"+%+re. S(n% +%7% de !(.ini,
de !i"d6, cei c+re A%i( c6 5i!cr+%e, !6rin%e"e $edicinii, + s(s.in(%
c6 +"i$en%+.i+ cns%i%(ie c+"e+ !rinci!+"6 de + !re*eni Ai %r+%+
B+"+, s+( c6 Ger/e M+ci"3+in + A%i(% c6 die%+ er+ c+"e+ de +
!re*eni Ai %r+%+ B+"+, s+( c6 !ersn+'(" esen.i+" =n =n%e$eiere+
Scie%6.ii A$eric+ne + C+ncer("(i, Drederic@ L. 5##$+n, + A%i(%
c6 +"i$en%+.i+ es%e c+"e+ de !re*enire Ai %r+%+re + B"ii.
C($ se #+ce c6 P"+%n + !reCis *ii%r(" c( +%7%+ +c(r+%e.e? E"
A%i+ c6 (n cns($ de +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 n( +*e+ s6
cnd(c6 s!re s6n6%+%e Ai !rs!eri%+%e. =n "c de +ce+s%+,
si$.6$7n%(" #+"s de "(< Ai Be"A(/ #eri% de !siBi"i%+%e+ de + $7nc+
+ni$+"e +*e+ s6 cnd(c6 ne=ndie"nic s!re c("%(r6 =n c+re e<is%6
B+"6, d(rere, dis!(%e !ri*ind !6$7n%(ri"e, +*c+.i Ai dc%ri.
Ace+s%+ es%e descriere c7% se !+%e de !%ri*i%6 + (nr+ din
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cer%i%(dine, des!re nec+C(" ce deri*6 din cns($(" de c+rne de "+
+ni$+"e, c7nd + scris
9
I
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=n%re.ine !rin 'e#(ire+ =n%re/("(i !6$7n% Ai + $6rii. CeH =n%r8(n %r(!
+%7% de #ir+*, ne8+ d+% +re c( +de*6r+% N+%(r+ (n s%$+c +%7% de
nes6%("? ... Sc"+*ii !7n%ece"(i F+A+ c($ s!(ne S+""(s%G %reB(ie s6
#ie n($6r+.i in%re +ni$+"e"e in#eri+re, n( =n r7nd(" +$eni"r.
N(, n( !rin%re +ces%e+, ci $+i de/r+B6 !rin%re cei $r.i... P.i s6
scrii !e (Ai"e "rI AceA%i+ +( /r6Bi% $+r%e+>.
C($ + !(%(% Ger/e M+ci"3+in !reCice *ii%r(" c7nd + s!(s
c6 %eri+ "c+"6 + B"ii n( *+ cnd(ce s!re s6n6%+%e? C)i+r +s%6Ci,
n( +*e$ nici !i"("6 s+( !rced(ri c+re s6 !re*in6 =n $d
e#icien%, s6 e"i$ine s+( c)i+r s6 %r+%eCe c+(Ce"e *re(nei B"i
crnice. Ce"e $+i !r$i.6%+re $i'"+ce de !re*en.ie Ai %r+%+$en%
s8+( d*edi% +c($ + #i sc)i$B6ri"e din +"i$en%+.ie Ai s%i"(" de
*i+.6, +Brd+re cns%i%(.in+"6 + s6n6%6.ii.
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A%i$ c6 cei $+i B(ni +%"e.i de "+ "i$!i+de"e /receA%i %reB(i+( s6
+iB6 die%6 *e/e%+ri+n6 Ai +$ +'(ns s6 ne %e$e$ c6 *e/e%+rienii
n( +( s(#icien%e !r%eine? C($ de +$ +'(ns =n si%(+.i+ c+ cei ce
s(n% *indec6%rii =n scie%+%e+ n+s%r6, dc%rii, s6 A%ie !(.in, !+%e
c)i+r ni$ic, des!re n(%ri.ieW =n si%(+.i+ c+ ins%i%(.ii"e n+s%re
$edic+"e s6 deni/re+Ce +ces% s(Biec%W =n si%(+.i+ =n c+re !rescri!.i+
de $edic+$en%e Ai s!i%+"iC+re+ cns%i%(ie + %rei+ c+(C6 de deces?
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=ncerc+re+ de + s%6!7ni n+%(r+ dec7% de + res!ec%+? C($ de +$
+'(ns =n si%(+.i+ =n c+re c$!+nii"e c+re sc% !r#i% de !e (r$+
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si$B"(ri +"e s6r6ciei, +( #s% =n $+re $6s(r6 red(se "+ $ini$($
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*i%e? Nicid+%6 !7n6 +c($ n( +( $+i #s% +%7% de $("%e !ers+ne
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#in+nci+r +" cs%(ri"r !en%r( s6n6%+%e n( + +#ec%+% #iec+re sec%r +"
scie%6.ii n+s%re, de "+ +#+ceri "+ ed(c+.ie, "+ /(*ern, "+ *i+.+ de Ci
c( Ci + #+$i"ii"r, c( +si/(r6ri in+dec*+%e. D+c6 +r %reB(i s6
decide$ =n%re +si/(r6ri de s6n6%+%e !en%r( !r#esrii nA%ri Ai
$+n(+"e !en%r( c!iii nA%ri, ce +$ +"e/e?
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J:
Ne sc)i$B6$ c"i$+ +%7% de r+!id
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de !"+n%e +"%er+%e din !(nc% de *edere /ene%ic #6r6 s6 A%i$ c+re *r
#i re!erc(si(ni"e. T+%e +ces%e sc)i$B6ri din $edi(" ns%r( s(n%
!(%ernic +#ec%+%e de cee+ ce +"e/e$ s6 $7nc6$.>
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deC*"%+re +c($("e+C6 $+i $("%e B/6.ii Ai +d!%6 +"i$en%+.i+ Ai
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/ener+" +" Or/+niC+.iei Mndi+"e + S6n6%6.ii, Dr. 5irs)i
N+@+'i$+ s8+ re#eri% "+
!*+r+ B"i"r crnice din *ii%r din .6ri"e =n c(rs de deC*"%+re c+
#iind criC6 + s(#erin.ei !e sc+r6 /"B+"6>.>
A$ !+rc(rs B7'B7ind 9L:: de +ni c"6dind $ns%r("
ned(r+Bi" !e c+re +c($ =" n($i$ scie%+%e+ $dern6. C(
si/(r+n.6 c6 n( *$ $+i Bene#ici+ de +".i 9L:: de +ni c+ s6 ne
+d(ce$ +$in%e de =n*6.6%(ri"e "(i P"+%n, Pi%+/r+, Senec+ Ai
M+ci"3+inW n( *$ $+i +*e+ nici $6c+r 9L: de +ni. Din +ce+s%6
(r/en.6 se n+A%e =ns6 $+re !r%(ni%+%e Ai de +cee+ s(n% !"in de
s!er+n.6. O+$enii =nce! s6 si$%6 ne*i+ de sc)i$B+re Ai =nce! s6
!(n6 s(B se$n(" =n%reB6rii cnce!%e"e de B+C6 !e c+re "e +*e$ c(
!ri*ire "+ )r+n6 Ai s6n6%+%e. O+$enii =nce! s6 =n.e"e+/6 cnc"(Cii"e
"i%er+%(rii A%iin.i#ice Ai #+c sc)i$B6ri =n *i+.+ "r s!re $+i Bine.
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e<!eri$en%+"e c+re s6 s(s.in6 die%6 !e B+C6 de +"i$en%e
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i$+/ini +"e +r%ere"r ini$ii Ai +!i s6 +r6%6$ in $d cn*in/6%r,
+A+ c($ +( #6c(%8 dc%rii De+n Ornis) Ai C+"d3e"" Esse"s%yn ,r.,
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=n.e"e/e c($ "(cre+C6 de #+!% +ce+s%+. Pr%eine"e de ri/ine
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+"i$en%+r, ridic6 ni*e"(" c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in "+ +ni$+"e"e de
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in%ern+.in+"e =n%re .6ri +r+%6 c6 !!("+.ii"e c+re =Ai d(c e<is%en.+
c( die%e"e %r+di.in+"e !e B+C6 de !"+n%e +( c( $("% $+i !(.ine
c+C(ri de B"i de ini$6, i+r s%(dii"e !e indi*iCi =n c+dr(" (nei
sin/(re !!("+.ii +r+%6 c6 +cei+ c+re cns($6 $+i $("%e +"i$en%e
de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 n( n($+i c6 +( ni*e"(ri $+i sc6C(%e +"e
c"es%er"("(i d+r +( Ai inciden.6 $+i sc6C(%6 + B"ii de ini$6.
$cum avem dove/i profunde %i multiple care arat' c' o diet' pe
*a/' de alimente integrale, de origine vegetal' este cea mai *un'
pentru inim'.
Nicid+%6 !7n6 +c($ n( +$ +*(% =n.e"e/ere +%7% de
!r#(nd6 + #e"("(i =n c+re +"i$en%+.i+ +#ec%e+C6 c+ncer(" +%7% "+
ni*e" ce"("+r c7% Ai "+ ni*e" de !!("+.ie. D+%e !(B"ic+%e +r+%6 c6
!r%eine"e +ni$+"e #+*riCe+C6 creA%ere+ %($ri"r. Pr%eine"e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6 s!resc ni*e"("
(n(i )r$n, IGD8J, c+re cns%i%(ie #+c%r de risc !en%r( c+ncer,
i+r die%e"e B/+%e =n c+Cein6 F!r%ein+ !rinci!+"6 din "+!%e"e de
*+c6G #+*riCe+C6 !6%r(ndere+ =n ce"("e + $+i $("%r c+rcin/eni,
cee+ ce #+ce c+ $+i $("%e !rd(se c+rcin/ene !eric("+se s6 se
"e/e c( ADN8(", cnd(c7nd "+ $+i $("%e re+c.ii $(%+/enice c+re
d+( n+A%ere "+ ce"("e c+ncer+se, =n #in+" +'(n/7nd(8se "+
creA%ere $+i r+!id6 + %($ri"r d+%6 ce +ces%e+ s8+( #r$+%
ini.i+". In c+C(" #e$ei"r d+%e"e +r+%6 c6 die%6 !e B+C6 de
+"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s!reA%e !rd(cere+ )r$ni"r
re!rd(c6%ri =n dec(rs(" *ie.ii "r, cee+ ce !+%e d(ce "+ c+ncer
de s7n. $vem acum dove/i profunde %i multiple care arat' c' o
diet' pe *a/' de alimente integrale, de origine vegetal', este cea
mai *un' pentru cancer.
Nicid+%6 !7n6 +c($ n( +$ +*(% %e)n"/ie c+re s6
$6s+re Bi$+r@erii +sci+.i c( di+Be%(", Ai d*eCi"e c+re s6 +r+%e
c6 *+"ri"e C+)6r("(i din s7n/e, +"e c"es%er"("(i s+n/(in Ai +"e
ins("inei sc+d !rin%r8 die%6 !e B+C6 de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6, cee+ ce n( se re+"iCe+C6 !rin nici (n +"%
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B+"+ !+%e +'(n/e s6 re/reseCe i+r ei s6 ren(n.e "+ $edic+$en%e.
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c(ren%(" s+n/(in. A*e$ de +se$ene+ d*eCi d(rer+se c+re
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+ni$+"6, Ai =n s!eci+" c( cns($(" de !rd(se "+c%+%e. S%(dii"e de
in%er*en.ii !rin die%6 +( +r6%+% c6 +"i$en%+.i+ !+%e =nce%ini, Ai
!+%e c)i+r !ri sc"erC+ $("%i!"6. $vem acum dove/i profunde %i
multiple care arat' c' o dieta pe *a/' de alimente integrale, de
origine vegetal' este cea mai *un'pentru dia*et %i *olile
autoimune.
Nicid+%6 !7n6 +c($ n( +$ +*(% +%7% de $("%e d*eCi c+re
s6 +r+%e c6 die%e"e ce cn.in !r%eine +ni$+"e =n e<ces ne !%
dis%r(/e rinic)ii. Pie%re"e "+ rinic)i se #r$e+C6
de+rece cns($(" de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 d(ce "+
+c($("+re+ (n(i e<ces de c+"ci( Ai <+"+.i =n rinic)i. Ni A%i$
+c($ c6 !rB"e$e !rec($ c+%+r+c%e"e Ai de/ener+re+ $+c("+r6
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c/ni%i*6, de$en.+ *+sc("+r6 c+(C+%6 de $ici"e +cciden%e
*+sc("+re Ai B+"+ "(i A"C)ei$er s(n% %+%e "e/+%e de +"i$en%e"e c(
c+re ne )r6ni$. In*es%i/+.ii"e +s(!r+ !!("+.ii"r ($+ne +r+%6 c6
risc(" de #r+c%(r6 de A"d Ai s%e!rC6 se $6reA%e !rin die%e"e
B/+%e =n +"i$en%e de ri/ine +ni$+"6. Pr%eine"e +ni$+"e sc%
c+"ci(" din +se !rin cre+re+ (n(i $edi( +cid =n s7n/e. $vem
acum dove/i profunde %i multiple care arat' c' o diet' ve *a/' de
alimente integrale, de origine vegetal' este cea mai hun' pentru
rinichi, oase, ochi %i creier.
Se #+c Ai %reB(ie s6 se #+c6 $("%e cerce%6ri, =ns6 n( $+i !+%e
#i %6/6d(i%6 idee+ c6 die%e"e de B+C6 de +"i$en%e in%e/r+"e, de
ri/ine *e/e%+"6 !% !r%e'+ =$!%ri*+ $("%r B"i crnice s+(
c)i+r "e !% *indec+. N( $+i e<is%6 d+r c7%e*+ !ers+ne c+re s6
s(s.in6 +"i$en%+.i+ de ri/ine *e/e%+"6 !e B+C+ !r!riei "r
e<!erien.e, #i"C#ii s+( + (n(i s%(di( A%iin.i#ic c+Cin+". Ac($
e<is%6 s(%e de s%(dii de cerce%+re de%+"i+%6, c(!rinC6%+re, Bine
#6c(%e, c+re cnd(c =n +cee+Ai direc.ie.
M+i $("% dec7% +%7%, +$ s!er+n.6 !en%r( *ii%r d+%ri%6
#+!%("(i c6 +*e$ !siBi"i%+%e+ de + sc)i$B+ in#r$+.ii !re%(%indeni
=n .+r6 Ai =n "($e. O $("% $+i $+re !+r%e din !!("+.i+ "($ii A%ie
c+r%e Ai $("% $+i $+re !+r%e + +ces%ei !!("+.ii =Ai !er$i%e "(<("
de + +"e/e ce s6 $6n7nce din%r8 $+re *+rie%+%e de +"i$en%e
+ccesiBi"e #6r6 di#ic("%+%e. O+$enii +( !siBi"i%+%e+ de + dis!(ne
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iC"+%e, !% +*e+ +c($ +cces r+!id "+ ce"e $+i i$!r%+n%e
in#r$+.ii !ri*ind s6n6%+%e+ Ai s6 "e !(n6 =n !r+c%ic6.
=$!re(n6, %+%e +ces%e "(cr(ri cree+C6 +%$s#er6 deseBi%6
de ric+re +"%+, +%$s#er6 c+re cere sc)i$B+re. Cn%r+r si%(+.iei
din JOR9, c7nd c7.i*+ c"e/i +( =ncerc+% s6
dis%r(/6 re!(%+.i+ +$eni"r de A%iin.6 ce s(/er+ser6 c6 +"i$en%+.i+
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"n/e*i%+%e Ai !rs!eri%+%e. Es%e ne*ie d+r de c(r+'(" de + #+ce
sc)i$B+re+. C($ *r #i ne!.ii nA%ri !es%e J:: de +ni? N($+i
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%(%(rr.
AN=XAA
KNT*=)L*I .I *LS(UNSU*I;
EDECTUL PROTEINELOR YN STUDIILE
EUPERIMENTALE PE TOBOLANI
Es%e !siBi" c+ e#ec%(" !r%eine"r +"i$en%+re s6 #ie d+%r+%
+"%r n(%rien%i din die%+ AB"+ni"r? Sc6dere+ +!r%("(i de
!r%eine +"i$en%+re de "+ 9:^ "+ L^ =nse+$n6 /6sire+ (n(i
=n"c(i%r !en%r( ce"e JL^ "+ c+re se ren(n.6. A$ #"si%
c+rB)idr+.i !en%r( + =n"c(i c+Cein+, de+rece +ceA%i+ +( +ce"+Ai
cn.in(% ener/e%ic. Pr%ein+ din die%6 red(s6 c+n%i%+%i* + #s%
=n"c(i%6 c( c+n%i%+%e si$i"+r6, =n%r8(n +$es%ec de JIJ de +$idn
Ai /"(cC+. A$es%ec(" de +$idn Ai /"(cC+ +d6(/+% die%e"r c(
+!r% red(s de !r%eine n( !(%e+ #i res!ns+Bi" !en%r( deC*"%+re+
$+i red(s6 + #c+re"r de+rece +ceA%i )idr+.i de c+rBn, c7nd +(
#s% %es%+.i indi*id(+", +( d(s =n re+"i%+%e "+ deC*"%+re+ #c+re"r.
J
D+c6 e *rB+ s6 #+c6 ce*+, +ces% $ic +d+s de )idr+.i de c+rBn =n
die%+ c( +!r% red(s de !r%eine n( +r #+ce dec7% s6 s!re+sc6
inciden.+ c+ncer("(i Ai +r cn%r+c+r+ e#ec%(" c+n%i%6.ii red(se de
!r%eine. Aces% "(cr( #+ce c+ !re*enire+ c+ncer("(i !rin die%e c(
+!r% red(s de !r%eine s6 #ie c)i+r Ai $+i i$!resin+n%6.
Es%e !siBi" c+ e#ec%(" !r%eine"r +s(!r+ A+reci"r s(!(Ai
(nei die%e c( +!r% sc6C(% de !r%eine s6 #ie d+%r+% #+!%("(i c6
+ceA%i+ $6n7nc6 $+i !(.in F+dic6 $+i !(.ine c+"riiG?
M+i $("%e s%(dii e#ec%(+%e =n +nii JOQ:,JOP: Ai JOL:
9
+(
+r6%+% c6 sc6dere+ +!r%("(i %%+" +"i$en%+r, s+( + +!r%("(i c+"ric
%%+", + red(s deC*"%+re+ %($rii. O +n+"iC6 + $("%e"r n+s%re
e<!eri$en%e + +r6%+% %%(Ai c6 +ni$+"e"e )r6ni%e c( die%e c(
!r%eine !(.ine n( +( cns($+% $+i !(.ine c+"rii ci, de #+!%, =n
$edie, +( cns($+% $+i $("%e c+"rii.
J
[
P
I+r6Ai, +ces% "(cr( n8+r #i
#6c(% dec7% s6 =n%6re+sc6 e#ec%(" de !r$*+re %($r+"6, Bser*+%
!en%r( c+Cein6.
C($ se !reCen%+, =n /ener+", s6n6%+%e+ AB"+ni"r s(!(Ai
die%ei c( +!r% !r%eic red(s?
M(".i cerce%6%ri +( !res(!(s $("% %i$! c6 +ni$+"e"e )r6ni%e
c( die%e c( +!r% !r%eic +%7% de sc6C(% n( +r #i s6n6%+se. T%(Ai,
+ni$+"e"e !(se !e die%+ c( +!r% !r%eic red(s er+(, !%ri*i%
%(%(rr indic+.ii"r, $+i s6n6%+se. E"e +( %r6i% $+i $("%, er+( $+i
+c%i*e din !(nc% de *edere #iCic, er+ $+i C*e"%e Ai +*e+( B"6ni.6 c(
!6r s6n6%s "+ J:: de s6!%6$7ni, =n %i$! ce ce"e"+"%e c+re er+(
)r6ni%e c( die%+ c( +!r% $+re de !r%eine +( $(ri% %+%e. De
+se$ene+, +ni$+"e"e c+re cns($+( $+i !(.in6 c+Cein6 n( d+r c6
+( cns($+% $+i $("%e c+"rii, d+r +( Ai +rs $+i $("%e c+"rii.
Ani$+"e"e !(se !e die%+ c( +!r% !r%eic red(s +( cns($+% $+i
$("% <i/en, c+re es%e neces+r !en%r( +rdere+ +ces%r c+"rii, Ai +(
+*(% ni*e"(ri $+i cresc(%e +"e (n(i .es(% s!eci+" n($i% .es(%("
+di!s $+rn,> c+re es%e e#icien% =n s!eci+" =n +rdere+ c+"rii"r.
Aces% "(cr( se !rd(ce !rin%r8(n !rces de %er$/eneC6>, +dic6
%r+ns#r$+re+ c+"rii"r =n c6"d(r6 cr!r+"6. Den$en(" +ces%+ +
#s% de'+ de$ns%r+% c( $(".i +ni =n+in%e.
;
[
J
[ Dietele cu aport redus
de proteine sporesc arderea caloriilor, l's&nd astfel mai pu)ine
calorii care s' se depun' ca greutate corporal' %i poate, totodat',
mai pu)ine %i pentru de/voltarea tumorii.
A +*(% *re "e/6%(r6 +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 c( #"sire+ (nei die%e
c( +!r% red(s de !r%eine?
Pen%r( + $6s(r+ +c%i*i%+%e+ #iCic6 + #iec6r(i /r(! de AB"+ni
ni +$ c$!+r+% c7% de $("% +( "(cr+% ei *"(n%+r #6c7nd $iAc+re
!e r+%+ +%+A+%6 c(A%i"r "r. Un $ni%r =nre/is%r+ n($6r(" de
r%+.ii. C7nd e*+"(6ri"e se #6ce+( !e !eri+d6 de d(6 s6!%6$7ni
+ni$+"e"e c( +!r% red(s de c+Cein6> #6ce+( $iAc+re de
+!r<i$+%i* d(6 ri $+i $("%H Ace+s%6 Bser*+.ie =$i !+re #+r%e
+se$6n6%+re c( cee+ ce si$%e cine*+ c7nd $6n7nc6 $+s6 c(
!r%eine $("%eI es%e "eneA Ai s$nrs. A$ +#"+% c6 (n e#ec%
sec(nd+r +" die%ei =$BiB+%e =n !r%eine, die%+ A%@ins, es%e
Bse+"+. A.i re$+rc+% +ces% "(cr( *i =nAi*6 d(!6 ce +.i ser*i%
$+s6 c( $("%e !r%eine?
ANEUAB
PROIECTUL EUPERIMENTAL
STUDIUL C5INA
Pen%r( s%(di(" ns%r( +( #s% se"ec%+%e SL de dis%ric%e din 9P
de !r*incii Fdin %%+"(" de 9;G. E"e re!reCen%+( %% s!ec%r(" r+%e"r
de $r%+"i%+%e !en%r( A+!%e din ce"e $+i c$(ne c+ncere. E"e
+c!ere+( "+r/6 +rie /e/r+#ic6 Ai se +#"+( "+ !+%r( re de
c6"6%rie #+.6 de "+Br+%r(" cen%r+". Dis%ric%e"e "(+%e =n s%(di(
re!reCen%+(I
] Cne de c+s%6 se$i%r!ic+"6 din s( d8es%(" C)ineiW
] Cne e<%re$ de reci din nrd8es%(" C)inei, "7n/6 SiBeri+W
] Cne din +!r!iere+ M+re"(i DeAer% GBi Ai s%e!e"e din nrdW
] Ai Cne de "7n/6 s+( din M(n.ii 5i$+"+i+ si%(+%e din nrd8
*es%(" =nde!6r%+% !7n6 =n s(d8*es%(" =nde!6r%+% +" %6rii.
C( e<ce!.i+ (nr Cne s(B(rB+ne de "7n/6 S)+n/)+i,
$+'ri%+%e+ dis%ric%e"r er+( si%(+%e =n C)in+ r(r+"6 (nde +$enii
"c(i+( =n +ce"+Ai "c %+%6 *i+.+ "r Ai cns($+( )r+n6 !re"(cr+%6
"c+". Densi%+%e+ !!("+.ii"r *+ri+ $("%, de "+ 9:.::: "c(i%ri
n$+Ci =n dis%ric%(" ce" $+i =nde!6r%+% =n +!r!iere de M+re"e
DeAer% GBi, "+ J,Q $i"i+ne de +$eni =n dis%ric%(" si%(+% "+
!eri#eri+ r+A("(i S)+n/)+i.
Aces% s%(di( + #s% in%en.in+% c+ (n !riec% ec"/ic s+(
s%(di( de cre"+re, cee+ ce =nse+$n6 c6 ni +$ c$!+r+%
+"i$en%+.i+, s%i"(" de *i+.6 Ai B"i"e (n(i n($6r de eA+n%i+ne de
di*erse !!("+.ii, =n +ces% c+C SL de dis%ric%e. Ni +$ de%er$in+%
=n ce #e" se cre"e+C6 s+( se +sci+C6 +ces%e c+r+c%eris%ici, c+ $edii
+"e dis%ric%("(i, (ne"e c( +"%e"e. De e<e$!"(, c+re es%e "e/6%(r+
din%re /r6si$i"e +"i$en%+re Ai inciden.+ c+ncer("(i de s7n? S+(
c+re es%e "e/6%(r+ din%re c"es%er"(" s+n/(in Ai B+"+
crn+ri+n6? C+re es%e
"e/6%(r+ din%re (n +n($i% +cid /r+s din /"B("e"e rAii Ai cns($("
de reC? A$ !(%(% de +se$ene+ s6 c$!+r6$ ni*e"(" din s7n/e +"
%es%s%ern("(i s+( es%r/en("(i c( risc(" de c+ncer de s7n. A$
#6c(% $ii de c$!+r+.ii de +ces%
%i!8 .
In%r8(n +s%#e" de s%(di( es%e i$!r%+n% s6 re.ine$ c6 +( #s%
c$!+r+%e d+r *+"ri"e $edii +"e !!("+.ii"r din dis%ric%e. N( +(
#s% #6c(%e c$!+r+.ii =n%re indi*iCi F=n re+"i%+%e nici (n +"% s%(di(
e!ide$i"/ie n( #+ce +A+ ce*+G. Diind (n s%(di( ec"/ic, +ces%
s%(di(, c( SL de dis%ric%e i$!"ic+%e, + #s% (n(" neBiAn(i% de
+$!"(. M+'ri%+%e+ s%(dii"r de +ces% #e" +( =n s%(di( d+r J: s+(
ce" $("% 9: de +se$ene+ eA+n%i+ne !!("+.in+"e.
Diec+re din ce"e SL de dis%ric%e + #eri% c7%e J:: de !ers+ne
+d("%e !en%r( s%(di(. ,($6%+%e din ei +( #s% B6rB+.i, '($6%+%e
#e$ei, c( *7rs%+ c(!rins6 =n%re QL8SP de +ni. D+%e"e +( #s%
+d(n+%e =n $d(" (r$6%rI
] =n $d *"(n%+r #iec+re !ers+n6 + #eri% (n eA+n%in de s7n/e
!en%r( +n+"iC6 Ai + c$!"e%+% (n c)es%in+r c( !ri*ire "+
+"i$en%+.ie Ai s%i"(" de *i+.6W
] '($6%+%e din ei +( #eri% Ai (rin6 !en%r( +n+"iC6W
] ec)i!+ de cerce%+re + $ers "+ Q:^ din%re #+$i"ii !en%r( +
e*+"(+ )r+n+ cns($+%6 de #+$i"ie %i$! de %rei Ci"eW
] +( #s% c"ec%+%e din !ie.e"e "c+"e $s%re de $7nc+re ce
re!reCen%+( die%e"e %i!ice !en%r( #iec+re "c+.ie din c+dr("
s%(di("(i, i+r d(!6 +cee+ +( #s% +n+"iC+%e c( !ri*ire "+ #+c%rii
+"i$en%+ri Ai n(%ri.in+"i.
Un+ din ce"e $+i i$!r%+n%e !rB"e$e c+re s8+( !(s =n
e%+!e"e de =nce!(% +"e !"+ni#ic6rii + #s% "e/+%6 de #e"(" c($ s6 se
#+c6 in*es%i/+.ii"e !ri*ind in#r$+.ii"e des!re die%6 Ai n(%ri.ie.
Es%i$+re+ cns($("(i de +"i$en%e Ai n(%rien.i din $e$rie
cns%i%(ie $e%d6 c$(n6, =ns6 e+ es%e (n+ #+r%e i$!recis6, =n
s!eci+" +%(nci c7nd se cns($6 #e"(ri de $7nc+re +$es%ec+%e. 26
!(%e.i +$in%i ce +"i$en%e +.i $7nc+% s6!%6$7n+ %rec(%6, s+( c)i+r
ieri? 26 !(%e.i +$in%i =n ce c+n%i%+%e? O +"%6 $e%d6, c)i+r Ai $+i
Br(%6, de
es%i$+re + +!r%("(i +"i$en%+r es%e +cee+ de + *ede+ c7% de $("%
din #iec+re +"i$en%e se *7nd !e !i+.6. Cee+ ce se desc!er6 !+%e
#eri es%i$6ri reCn+Bi"e c( !ri*ire I+ %endin.e"e +"i$en%+re +"e
!!("+.ii"r =n dec(rs(" %i$!("(i, =ns6 e"e n( !% s!(ne e<+c%
cns($(" Ai nici e*+"(+ c+n%i%6.i"e cns($+%e de #iec+re indi*id.
DeAi #iec+re din%re +ces%e $e%de re"+%i* Br(%e !% #i (%i"e =n
+n($i%e sc!(ri, e"e s(n% %%(Ai s(!(se =n $6s(r6 cnsider+Bi"6
erri"r %e)nice s+( !re#erin.e"r !ersn+"e. Ti, c( c7% s(n% $+i
$+ri erri"e %e)nice, c( +%7% es%e $+i di#ici" + de%ec%+ +sci+.ii
se$ni#ic+%i*e c+(C68e#ec%.
Ni +$ dri% s6 re+"iC6$ $+i $("% dec7% e*+"(+re Br(%6 +
%i!("(i Ai c+n%i%6.ii de +"i$en%e cns($+%e. De +cee+ ni +$ decis
s6 e*+"(6$ cndi.ii"e n(%ri.in+"e !rin +n+"iCe de s7n/e Ai (rin6
c+re s6 e*iden.ieCe Bi$+r@erii $("%i!"i"r n(%rien.i in/er+.i.
Aces%e +n+"iCe +*e+( s6 #ie $("% $+i Biec%i*e dec7% cee+ ce =Ai
+$in%e+( +$enii c6 +( $7nc+%.
Rec"%+re+ Ai +n+"iCe"e de s7n/e n( + #s% %%(Ai s+rcin6 !re+
(A+r6, ce" !(.in n( =n #e"(" =n c+re +$ #i *r(% ni s6 #ie. PrB"e$+
ini.i+"6 + #s% "e/+%6 de B.inere+ de s(#icien% s7n/e. Din $%i*e ce
.in de c("%(r+ "r, c)ineCii de "+ .+r6 n( er+( !re+ =nc7n%+.i s6 #ere
s7n/e !en%r( +n+"iC6. =n.e!6%(r+ =n de/e% !6re+ + #i (nic+
!siBi"i%+%e, d+r n( er+ s(#icien%. Un rec"%r BiAn(i% ne8+r #i
#eri% de J:: de ri $+i $("% s7n/e, !er$i.7nd +n+"iC+ $+i $("%r
#+c%ri.
Dr. ,(ns)i C)en din ec)i!+ n+s%r6, de "+ Ins%i%(%(" de
N(%ri.ie Ai I/ien+ A"i$en%+.iei din Minis%er(" S6n6%6.ii + +*(%
s+rcin+ de nein*idi+% de + cn*in/e !e +ceA%i *"(n%+ri c+ s6 #ere
e!r(Be%6 BiAn(i%6 de s7n/e. A +*(% s(cces. Sir Ric)+rd Pe% de
"+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ din O<#rd + #6c(% +!i s(/es%i+ #+r%e !r+c%ic6 de
+ c$Bin+ eA+n%i+ne"e indi*id(+"e de s7n/e rec"%+% !en%r( + #+ce
(n #nd c$(n de s7n/e !en%r( #iec+re s+% Ai #iec+re se<. Ace+s%6
s%r+%e/ie ne8+ cn#eri% de J9::8JQ:: de ri $+i $("% s7n/e =n
c$!+r+.ie c( cee+ ce +$ #i B.in(% !rin $e%d+ rec"%6rii din
de/e%.
Cns%i%(ire+ (n(i +$es%ec +" $("%r !rBe de s7n/e
indi*id(+" =n%r8(n #nd c$(n, s(#icien% de $+re, + +*(% i$!"ic+.ii
(ri+Ae Ai + #6c(% !siBi" Studiul <hina, +A+ c($ +
de*eni% c(nsc(% +ces%+ $+i %7rCi(. Ne8+ !er$is s6 +n+"iC6$ $("%
$+i $(".i indic+%ri +i +"i$en%+.iei Ai s6n6%6.ii Ai, de +se$ene+, s6
de%er$in6$ c"er+.ii, =n%r8 $+nier6 $("% $+i c(!rinC6%+re dec7%
+r #i #s% !siBi" +"%#e". Pen%r( $+i $("%e de%+"ii c( !ri*ire "+ B+C+
%ere%ic6 Ai !r+c%ic6 + c"ec%6rii Ai +n+"iC6rii s7n/e"(i =n +ces% $d,
ci%i%r(" !+%e +Brd+ $n/r+#i+ =n ri/in+" + s%(di("(i.
J
D(!6 ce +$ c"ec%+% s7n/e"e, + %reB(i% s6 decide$ cine +*e+
s6 "(creCe !+"e%6 +%7% de "+r/6 de +n+"iCe. Dre+$ s6 se "(creCe
"+ ce" $+i =n+"% ni*e" c( !(%in.6. =n %i$! ce (ne"e +n+"iCe +( #s%
#6c(%e "+ "+Br+%r(" ns%r( de "+ Uni*ersi%+%e+ Crne"i Ai "+
"+Br+%r(" Dr. C)en din Bei'in/, res%(" +n+"iCe"r, =n $d
deseBi% ce"e $+i s!eci+"e, +( #s% e#ec%(+%e =n 9P de "+Br+%+re
si%(+%e =n cinci .6ri din !+%r( cn%inen%e. L+Br+%+re"e +( #s%
se"ec%+%e !e B+C+ e<!erien.ei Ai in%eres("(i. Cei ce +( !+r%ici!+% din
!+r%e+ "+Br+%+re"r s(n% en($er+.i =n $n/r+#i+ =n ri/in+".
J
CZT DE BUN ESTE ACEST STUDIU?
De+rece +ces% s%(di( + cns%i%(i% !r%(ni%+%e s(i /eneris,
ni ne8+$ !r!(s c+ +ces%+ s6 #ie ce" $+i B(n s%(di( de +ces% #e"
=n%re!rins *red+%6. A #s% (n s%(di( *+s%W + #s% de =n+"%6 c+"i%+%eW
c+r+c%er(" s6( (nic ne8+ #eri% ni !r%(ni%6.i de + in*es%i/+ die%+
Ai B+"+ +A+ c($ n( + #s% !siBi" nicid+%6 !7n6 +%(nci. Aces%e
c+r+c%eris%ici, *+s%i%+%e+ s+, c+"i%+%e+ Ai (nici%+%e+ s+ +( s!ri% c(
$("% crediBi"i%+%e+ Ai %e$einici+ +ces%r desc!eriri.
Ti =n%r8+de*6r, !(B"ic+.i+ :he -e UorH :imes, =n%r8 re"+%+re
de !ri$ r+n/ din sec.i(ne+ 7tiin)', + n($i% s%(di(" Gr+nd Pri<>8("
s%(dii"r e!ide8$i"/ice.
2ASTITATEA DATELOR
Aces% s%(di( + #s%, Ai =nc6 es%e ce" $+i c(!rinC6%r s%(di( de
+ces% #e" ce + #s% =n%re!rins *red+%6. D(!6 ce +(
#s% c"ec%+%e, de!Ci%+%e Ai +n+"iC+%e %+%e !rBe"e de s7n/e, (rin6
Ai +"i$en%e, Ai d(!6 ce reC("%+%e"e #in+"e +( #s% +r+n'+%e =n %+Be"e
Ai e*+"(+%e =n cee+ ce !ri*eA%e c+"i%+%e+ Fc7%e*+ reC("%+%e s(s!ec%e
n( +( #s% inc"(se =n cee+ ce s8+ !(B"ic+% =n #in+"G, +$ !(%(% s%(di+
QS; *+ri+Bi"e. Aces%e+ +( re!reCen%+% $+re *+rie%+%e de
c+r+c%eris%ici !ri*ind die%+, s%i"(" de *i+.6 Ai B"i"e, c(!rinse +c($
=n%r8 $n/r+#ie
J
B/+%6 de ROS de !+/ini.
Aces%e+ +( #s%I
] r+%e"e $r%+"i%6.ii !en%r( $+i $("% de PR de B"i[W
] J:O indic+%ri n(%ri.in+"i, *ir+"i, )r$n+"i Ai de +"% %i! =n
s7n/eW
] !es%e 9P de #+c%ri (rin+riW
] +!r+!e QS de cns%i%(en.i +"i$en%+ri Fn(%rien.i, !es%icide,
$e%+"e /re"eGW
] $+i $("% de QS de n(%rien.i s!eci#ici Ai cns($(" de +"i$en%e
$6s(r+% =n #+$i"iiW
] S: de #+c%ri "e/+.i de die%6 Ai s%i" de *i+.6 B.in(.i din
c)es%in+reW
] Ai J; #+c%ri /e/r+#ici Ai c"i$+%ici.
S%(di(" + #s% *+s% n( d+r d+%ri%6 n($6r("(i $+re de
*+ri+Bi"e, ci Ai d+%ri%6 #+!%("(i c6 $+'ri%+%e+ +ces%r+ er+( $("%
di*ersi#ic+%e, +A+ c($ + #s% c+C(" c( r+%e"e $r%+"i%6.ii !rin
c+ncer. Ace+s%6 di*ersi#ic+re ne8+ !er$is s6 de%ec%6$ +scieri
i$!r%+n%e + (nr *+ri+Bi"e, nedesc!eri%e =n+in%e.
CALITATEA DATELOR
C+"i%+%e+ +ces%(i s%(di( + #s% s!ri%6 Ai !rin +"%e
c+r+c%eris%iciI
] Ad(".ii se"ec%+.i !en%r( +ces% s%(di( +( +*(% *7rs%+ =n%re
QL8SP de +ni. Ace+s%+ es%e !eri+d+ =n c+re B"i"e in*es%i/+%e
+!+r ce" $+i des. In#r$+.ii !ri*ind cer%i#ic+%e"e de deces +"e
!ers+ne"r $+i =n *7rs%6 de SP de +ni n( +( #s% inc"(se =n s%(di(
de+rece s8+ cnsider+% c6 +ces% #e" de in#r$+.ii s(n% $+i !(.in
de$ne de =ncredere.
] Din #iec+re din%re ce"e SL de dis%ric%e c(!rinse =n s%(di(, +(
#s% se"ec%+%e c7%e d(6 s+%e !en%r( c"ec%+re+ in#r$+.ii"r.
E<is%en.+ + d(6 s+%e !en%r( #iec+re dis%ric%, =n Ic de n($+i (n(",
ne8+ #(rniC+% $edie de dis%ric% $+i crediBi"6. C7nd *+"ri"e din
ce"e d(6 s+%e se +se$6n+( $+i $("% (ne"e c( ce"e"+"%e dec7% c(
%+%e din ce"e"+"%e dis%ric%e, +%(nci +ce+s%+ =nse$n+ c6 +*e+$ d+%e
de c+"i%+%e $+i =n+"%6 .
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c+re "c(i+( "+ d+%+ s%(di("(iW "+ #e$ei !rcen%(" + #s% de RO^.
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de+rece +nii +n%eriri re!reCen%+( %i$!(" c7nd +ces%e B"i se
+#"+( =n !eri+d+ de #r$+re.
UNICITAT=A DAT=LG*
Un $%i* c+re + #6c(% c+ s%(di(" ns%r( s6 #ie (nic + #s%
#"sire+ de c6%re ni + !"+n("(i de s%(di( ec"/ic. Cei c+re
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"(cre+C6 n(%ri.i+. N(%ri.i+ !rd(ce s+( !re*ine B+"+ !rin%r8
$("%i%(dine de n(%rien.i Ai +"%e s(Bs%+n.e c)i$ice c+re +c.ine+C6
=$!re(n6, =n[ c+dr(" +"i$en%e"r. Un s%(di( ec"/ic es%e +!r+!e
ide+" d+c6 dri$ s6 +#"6$ =n ce #e" $(".i$e de #+c%ri +"i$en%+ri
+c.ine+C6 =$!re(n6 c+(C7nd B+"+. Tc$+i e#ec%e"e c($("+%i*e
+"e n(%rien.i"r Ai +"e +"%r #+c%ri din $+ni#es%+re+ B"ii cns%i%(ie
ce"e $+i i$!r%+n%e "ec.ii ce %reB(ie =n*6.+%e. Pen%r( + in*es%i/+
+ces%e c+(Ce $("%i!"e +"e B"ii + #s% neces+r s6 =nre/is%r6$ c7%
$+i $(".i #+c%ri "e/+.i de +"i$en%+.ie Ai de s%i"(" de *i+.6, Ai +!i
s6 #r$("6$ i!%eCe Ai s6 in%er!re%6$ d+%e"e c+re re!reCin%6
+ce+s%6 $("%i"+%er+"i%+%e.
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die%e"r #"si%e =n C)in+ r(r+"6. =n re+"i%+%e, %+%e ce"e"+"%e s%(dii
c( !ri*ire "+ +"i$en%+.ie Ai s6n6%+%e, indi#eren% de in%en.i+
#iec6r(i+, +( i$!"ic+% s(Biec.i c+re #"se+( die%6 *es%ic6 B/+%6.
Aces% "(cr( es%e *+"+Bi" c)i+r Ai +%(nci c7nd =n s%(di( s(n% inc"(Ai
*e/e%+rienii, de+rece O:^ din%re *e/e%+rieni cns($6 =nc6 $+ri
c+n%i%6.i de "+!%e, Br7nC6 Ai (6, =n %i$! ce +".ii cns($6 =nc6
di#eri%e c+n%i%6.i de !eA%e Ai c+rne de !+s6re. AA+ c($ se +r+%6 =n
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lume$ occident$l&9
Nutrientul Ee%et$ri$n Non5ve%et$ri$n
Gr6si$e F^ din c+"riiG Q:8QS Q:8QR
C"es%er" F/0CiG JL:8Q:: Q::8L::
C+rB)idr+.i F^ din c+"riiG L:8LL &L:
T%+" !r%eine F^ din c+"riiG J98JP JP8JR
Pr%ein6 +ni$+"6 F^ din I%+d !r%eineG P:8S: S:8;:
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#(rniC+% de !r%eine, c+re, "+ r7nd(" "r, s(n% =n !r!r.ie de !es%e
R:^ de ri/ine +ni$+"6. C( +"%e c(*in%e, ni ne /)i#%(i$ c( !r%eine,
!e c+re "e "(6$ =n $+'ri%+%e din c+rne Ai !rd(se "+c%+%e. =ns6 =n
C)in+ r(r+"6, ei cns($6 $+i !(.ine !r%eine =n /ener+" FO8J:^ din
%%+"(" c+"rii"rG, Ai d+r J:^ din +ces%e+ !r*in din +"i$en%e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6. Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 c6 e<is%6 $("%e +"%e di#eren.e
n(%ri.in+"e $+'re =n%re +ces%e die%e, ce+ c)ineC6 Ai ce+ +$eric+n6,
+A+ c($ +r+%6 %+Be"(" B.9.[
T$belul )96; Confir%ur$"i$ dietei chine'e!ti !i $meric$ne9
Nutrientul Chin$ Americ$
C+"rii F@c+"0@/ $+s6 cr!.0CiG P:,S Q:,S
T%+" /r6si$e F^ din c+"riiG 1?,M QP8QR
DiBr6 F/0CiG HH J9
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- #rotein& $nim$l&, f&r& $ #roveni din #e!te
Aces%+ + #s% ce" din%7i Ai sin/(r(" s%(di( +$!"( c+re +
in*es%i/+% +s%#e" e<!erien.+ +"i$en%+r6 Ai cnsecin.e"e ei !en%r(
s6n6%+%e. Die%e"e c)ineCeA%i er+( B/+%e Ai #+r%e B/+%e =n
+"i$en%e de ri/ine *e/e%+"6. =n %+%e ce"e"+"%e s%(dii e#ec%(+%e !e
s(Biec.i *es%ici, die%e"e er+( B/+%e Ai #+r%e B/+%e =n +"i$en%e de
ri/ine +ni$+"6. Ace+s%6 deseBire es%e ce+ c+re + #6c(% c+ Studiul
<hina s6 #ie +%7% de di#eri% de ce"e"+"%e s%(dii.
*=ALISA*=A STUDIULUI CHINA
Or/+niC+re+ Ai cnd(cere+ (n(i s%(di( de +se$ene+
+$!"+re, sc! Ai c+"i%+%e +( #s% !siBi"e $(".($i%6
c+"i%6.i"r de e<ce!.ie +"e Dr. ,(ns)i C)en. Lc+.ii"e !en%r(
in*es%i/+re er+( r6s!7ndi%e =n%re e<%re$i%6.i"e C)inei. E<!ri$+% =n
dis%+n.e"e de c6"6%rie +$eric+ne, +ces%e+ +r #i c+$ din D"rid+
!7n6 =n Se+%%"e, 4+s)in/%n, Ai de "+ S+n Die/, C+"i#rni+ !7n6 "+
B+n/r, M7ine. A c6"6%ri =n%re +ces%e "c+.ii er+ $("% $+i di#ici"
dec7% =n S%+%e"e Uni%e, i+r $+%eri+"e"e Ai ins%r(c.i(ni"e !en%r(
s%(di( %reB(i+( s6 #ie dis!niBi"e Ai s%+nd+rdiC+%e !en%r( %+%e
"c(ri"e de c"ec%+re. Ti +ces%e "(cr(ri s8+( #6c(% =n+in%e de + #i
dis!niBi"ee8$+i"(ri"e, #+<(ri"e Ai %e"e#+ne"e ce"("+re.
A #s% i$!r%+n% c+ ce"e 9P de ec)i!e de s6n6%+%e !r*inci+"e,
#iec+re din%re e"e +"c6%(i%e din J98JL "(cr6%ri $edic+"i, s6 #ie
ins%r(i%e !en%r( + !re"(+ !rBe"e de s7n/e, +"i$en%e Ai (rin6 Ai +
c$!"e%+ c)es%in+re"e =n $d sis%e$+%ic Ai s%+nd+rdiC+%. Pen%r( +
s%+nd+rdiC+ in#r$+.ii"e +d(n+%e, Dr. C)en + =$!6r.i% .+r+ =n
re/i(ni. Diec+re re/i(ne + %ri$is ins%r(c%ri "+ Bei'in/ !en%r(
sesi(ne+ de ins%r(ire + seniri"r. AceA%i+, "+ r7nd(" "r, s8+( =n%rs
=n !r*incii"e n+%+"e !en%r( + ins%r(i ec)i!e"e $edic+"e din "c(ri"e
res!ec%i*e.
DeAi Ins%i%(%(" N+%in+" !en%r( C+ncer +" SUA FNCIG din
c+dr(" Ins%i%(%e"r N+.in+"e de S6n6%+%e FNI5G + #eri% #in+n.+re+
ini.i+"6 !en%r( +ces% !riec%, Minis%er(" S6n6%6.ii din F')in+ + !"6%i%
s+"+rii"e (n(i n($6r de +!r<i$+%i* QL: din%re "(cr6%rii $edic+"i.
Es%i$+re+ $e+ es%e c6 din !+r%e+ c)ineC6 cn%riB(.i+ "+ +ces%
!riec% + #s% de +!r<i$+%i* L,S $i"i+ne `. C$!+r+.i +ce+s%+ c(
cn%riB(.i+ S%+%e"r Uni%e de circ+ 9,O $i"i+ne ` !e !+rc(rs("
(nei !eri+de de Cece +ni. D+c6 /(*ern(" S%+%e"r Uni%e +r #i
%reB(i% s6 !"6%e+sc6 !en%r( (n +se$ene+ ser*ici( =n%r8(n !riec%
si$i"+r =n S%+%e"e Uni%e, +ces%+ +r #i cs%+% de ce" !(.in Cece ri
$+i $("%, +dic6 L:8S: $i"i+ne `.
ANEUAC
,ILI=*A TEITA/IN=IV D
D*+d+ ce+ $+i i$!resin+n%6 =n s(s.inere+ (nr die%e !e
B+C6 de !"+n%e es%e $d(" =n c+re +%7% de $(".i #+c%ri Ai
e*eni$en%e Bi"/ice cn"(cre+C6 !en%r( $6ri "+ $+<i$($ s%+re+
de s6n6%+%e Ai de + red(ce "+ $ini$($ B+"+. DeAi !rcese"e
Bi"/ice s(n% e<%re$ de c$!"e<e, +ceA%i #+c%ri "(cre+C6
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+(%re/"e+C6. Es%e #+r%e i$!resin+n%, =n s!eci+" cn%r"(" Ai
crdn+re+ +ces%ei re.e"e.
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+se$ene+ !rces. S%"(ri"e de !6s6ri =n CBr s+( B+nc(ri"e de !eA%i
ce se $iAc6 c( *i%eC6 $+re s(n% =n s%+re s6 sc)i$Be direc.i+ =n%r8
$icrsec(nd6 #6r6 + se iCBi (nii de +".ii. Ei !+r + +*e+ cnA%iin.6
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+c%i*i%6.i"e +ces%r +ni$+"e, *8+.i /7ndi% *red+%6 "+ #ine.e+ c( c+re
s(n% crdn+%e c$!r%+$en%e"e "r? E( *6d +ce"e+Ai
c+r+c%eris%ici, B+ c)i+r $+i $("%e, =n #e"(" =n c+re #+c%rii
nen($6r+.i din +"i$en%e"e *e/e%+"e s6*7rAesc =$!re(n6 $in(ne+
/eneCei s%6rii de s6n6%+%e =n %+%e !6r.i"e cr!("(i ns%r(, =n
r/+ne"e n+s%re Ai =n ce"("e"e n+s%re, =n enCi$e"e n+s%re Ai +"%e
!+r%ic("e s(Bce"("+re din in%erir(" ce"("e"r n+s%re.
Pen%r( cei ne#+$i"i+riC+.i c( "+Br+%+re"e de cerce%+re
Bi$edic+"6, !ere.ii +ces%r "+Br+%+re s(n% +dese+ +c!eri.i c(
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r/+nis$(" ns%r(. Aces%e+ s(n% re+c.ii"e c+re se c(nscW =ns6 c(
$("% $+i $("%e s(n% =nc6 de desc!eri%. In%erde!enden.+ din%re
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de8+ dre!%(" c!"eAi%+re.
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re.e"e =" cns%i%(ie e#ec%(" *i%+$inei D Ai + $e%+B"i.i"r ei +s(!r+
$("%r+ din%re B"i"e disc(%+%e =n +ce+s%6 c+r%e. Ace+s%6 re.e+
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ni !(%e$ B.ine %+%6 c+n%i%+%e+ de c+re +*e$ ne*ie !rin
e<!(nere "+ s+re %i$! de c7%e*+ re =n dec(rs(" #iec6rei
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de c+re +*e$ ne*ie ne cnd(ce "+ idee+ c6 +ce+s%+ n( es%e
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*i%+$inei D =n cr!(ri"e n+s%re.
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S(d. =n%r8+de*6r, e<is%6 +s%#e" de d*eCi, $+i e<+c%I (n emisfera
nordic', popula)iile care locuiesc (n p'r)ile cele mai de nord au,
pe l&ng' alte *oli, mai multe ca/uri de dia*et de tip >, sclero/'
multipl', artrit' reumatoid', osteoporo/', cancer de s&n, cancer
de prostat' %i cancer de colon.
Cerce%6%rii +( +#"+% de R: de +ni c6 sc"erC+ $("%i!"6, de
e<e$!"(, es%e $+i !reCen%6 c( c7% "+%i%(dine+ es%e $+i $+re.
(
AA+
c($ !(%e.i *ede+ =n /r+#ic(" C.9, e<is%6 di#eren.6 (ri+A6 =n
!re*+"en%+ sc"erCei $("%i!"e !e $6s(r6 ce ne =nde!6r%6$ de
ec(+%r, #iind de !es%e J:: de ri $+i r6s!7ndi%6 =n nrd("
=nde!6r%+% dec7% "+ ec(+%r.
JP
=n $d +se$6n6%r, =n A(s%r+"i+, !e
$6s(r6 ce $er/e$ s!re s(d, es%e $+i !( .in s+re Ai inciden.6
%% $+i $+re + sc"erCei $("%i!"e Fr l OJ^G. Sc"erC+ $("%i!"6 es%e
de A+!%e ri $+i #rec*en%6 =n s(d(" A(s%r+"iei FPQbSG dec7% =n
nrd(" A(s%r+"iei FJObSG.
Gr+#ic(" C.9I R6s!7ndire+ sc"erCei $("%i!"e, =n
"($e FJ9: de .6riG.
P47 5,55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
(udica *+ 0+ %+ ,+ o ,+ %+ 0+ ao nordica
Li!s+ s+re"(i n( es%e, %%(Ai, sin/(r(" #+c%r i$!"ic+% =n
+ces%e B"i. Cn%e<%(" es%e $+i "+r/. Pri$(" "(cr( de re$+rc+% ="
cns%i%(ie cn%r"(" Ai crdn+re+ +ces%r re+c.ii "e/+%e de
*i%+$in+ D. Cn%r"(" !ere+C6 =n $+i $("%e "c(ri =n c+dr("
+ces%ei re.e"e, =ns6, +A+ c($ +$ s!(s de'+, cn*ersi+ =n rinic)i +
*i%+$inei D de de!Ci% =n $e%+B"i%(" !(%ernic J,9LD es%e =n $d
s!eci+" decisi*6. In%r8 $6s(r6 cnsider+Bi"6, +ces% cn%r" $+i
es%e e<erci%+% de +"%6 re.e+ c$!"e<6 de re+c.ii ce i$!"ic6 (n
)r$n de %i! $+n+/er> !rd(s de c6%re /"+nd+ !+r+%irid6
"c+"iC+%6 =n re/i(ne+ cer*ic+"6 +n%eri+r6 F/r+#ic(" C.QG.
C7nd, de e<e$!"(, +*e$ ne*ie de $+i $("% $e%+B"i%
J,9LD, )r$n(" !+r+dridei ind(ce +c%i*+re+ enCi$ei din rinic)i
!en%r( + !rd(ce $+i $("% J,9LD. C7nd e<is%6
s(#icien% J,9LD, )r$n(" !+r+%iridi+n =ncedneA%e +c%i*i%+%e+
enCi$ei rinic)i("(i. =n dec(rs de sec(nde, )r$n(" !+r+%iridi+n
+d$inis%re+C6 c7% de $("% din $e%+B"i%(" J,9LD s6 e<is%e =n
#iec+re $$en% Ai "c. 5r$n(" !+r+%iridi+n +c.ine+C6 de
+se$ene+ c+ diri'r =n $+i $("%e !(nc%e din c+dr(" +ces%ei re.e"e,
+A+ c($ se +r+%6 !rin $("d!"e"e s6/e.i. Diind cnAden% de r"("
#iec6r(i c7n%6re. =n rc)es%r+> s+, +ces%+ crdne+C6, cn%r"e+C6
Ai +r$niCe+C6 c( #ine.e +ces%e re+c.ii, %% +A+ c($ #+ce (n diri'r
=n%r8 rc)es%r6 si$#nic6.
In cndi.ii !%i$e, e<!(nere+ "+ s+re !+%e cn#i/(r+ %+%6
*i%+$in+ D de c+re +*e$ ne*ie !en%r( + !rd(ce $e%+B"i%("
J,9LD +%7% de i$!r%+n% "+ $$en%(" !%ri*i%.
C)i+r Ai +$enii =n *7rs%6, c+re n( !% !rd(ce "+ #e" de
$("%6 *i%+$in+ D de "+ s+re, n( +( nici (n $%i* de =n/ri'r+re
+%7% %i$! c7% se e<!(n s(#icien% "+ s+re.> C7% de $("% es%e
s(#icien%>? D+c6 A%i.i c7%6 e<!(nere "+ s+re !rd(ce =nrAire
(A+r6 + !ie"ii d($ne+*+s%r6, +%(nci !6%ri$e din +ce+s%6
c+n%i%+%e, #(rniC+%6 de d(6 s+( %rei ri !e s6!%6$7n6, es%e $+i
$("% dec7% +dec*+% !en%r( + +c!eri
:r$ficul C5H; *olul hormonului #$r$tiroidi$n n re%l$re$
met$bolitului VL,6SD9
%+%e ne*i"e n+s%re de *i%+$in+ D Ai de + de!Ci%+ ce*+ din
+ce+s%+ Ai =n #ic+%, Ai c+ /r6si$e cr!r+"6.
J;
D+c6 !ie"e+
d($ne+*+s%r6 de*ine (Ar rAie d(!6 %reiCeci de $in(%e de s%+% "+
s+re, +%(nci Cece $in(%e, de %rei ri !e s6!%6$7n6, *+ cns%i%(i
s(#icien%6 e<!(nere !en%r( + B.ine s(#icien%6 *i%+$in+ D.
A%(nci c7nd Ai d+c6 n( s%6$ s(#icien% "+ s+re, !+%e #i (%i"
cns($(" de *i%+$in+ D din +"i$en%+.ie. A!r+!e %+%6 *i%+$in+ D
din +"i$en%+.i+ n+s%r6 + #s% =n $d +r%i#ic+" +d6(/+%6 =n +"i$en%e
!rec($ "+!%e"e Ai cere+"e"e !en%r( $+s+ de di$ine+.6. =$!re(n6 c(
s(!"i$en%e"e de *i%+$ine, +ce+s%6 c+n%i%+%e de *i%+$in+ D !+%e #i
des%(" de se$ni#ic+%i*6 Ai, =n di*erse si%(+.ii, e<is%6 +n($i%e d*eCi
c6 +ce+s%6 !r+c%ic6 +r #i Bene#ic6.[>
J
In +ce+s%6 sc)e$6, s+re"e Ai )r$n(" !+r+%iridi+n "(cre+C6
=$!re(n6 =n%r8(n $d $in(n+% crdn+% !en%r( + #+ce c+ +ces%
sis%e$ s6 cn%in(e s6 #(nc.ineCe #6r6 di#ic("%6.i, +%7% =n + ($!"e
reCer*r(" ns%r( de *i%+$in+ D c7% Ai =n + +'(%+ "+ !rd(cere+ din
$$en% =n $$en% + c+n%i%6.ii e<+c%e de J,9LD de c+re +*e$
ne*ie. C7nd es%e *rB+ de + decide de + "(+ s(#icien%6 *i%+$in+ D
din s+re s+( + "(+ *i%+$in+ D din +"i$en%e, es%e $+i "/ic Ai $+i
(Ar s6 !ri$i$ de "+ s+re.
D=NATU*L*I KN CAD*UL SIST=/ULUI
E<is%6 +c($ $+i $("%e s%(dii c+re +r+%6 c6 d+c6 $e%+B"i%("
J,9LD r6$7ne "+ ni*e"(ri red(se cn%in((, risc(" !en%r( $+i $("%e
B"i creA%e. A%(nci, =n%reB+re+ es%eI ce !rd(ce ni*e"(ri sc6C(%e +"e
$e%+B"i%("(i J,9LD? A"i$en%e"e ce cn.in !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 !rd(c sc6dere se$ni#ic+%i*6 + "(i J
A
D.
99
Aces%e
!r%eine cree+C6 (n $edi( +cid =n s7n/e c+re B"c)e+C6 enCi$+ din
rinic)i de + !rd(ce +ces% i$!r%+n% $e%+B"i%.
9
[>
Un +" di"e+ #+c%r c+re in#"(en.e+C6 +ces% !rces es%e
c+"ci(". C+"ci(" din s7n/e"e ns%r( es%e esen.i+" !en%r( #(nc.in+re+
!%i$6 + $(Ac)i"r Ai ner*i"r, Ai +ces%+ %reB(ie
$en.in(% "+ *+"ri #+r%e cns%+n%e, c( *+ri+.ii res%r7nse.
Me%+B"i%(" J,9LD #+ce c+ ni*e"(" de c+"ci( din s7n/e s6 se
!6s%reCe =n c+dr(" +ces%r "i$i%e res%r7nse, $ni%riC7nd Ai re/"7nd
c7% de $("% c+"ci( s6 #ie +BsrBi% din +"i$en%e"e di/er+%e =n in%es%in,
c7% de $("% c+"ci( s6 #ie e<cre%+% !rin (rin6 Ai #ec+"e Ai c7% de $("%
s6 #ie %r+ns#er+% =n +se, $+re"e reCer*r !en%r( c+"ci(" din
r/+nis$. De e<e$!"(, d+c6 e<is%6 !re+ $("% c+"ci( =n s7n/e,
$e%+B"i%(" J,9LD de*ine $+i !(.in +c%i*, $+i !(.in c+"ci( es%e
+BsrBi% Ai $+i $("% c+"ci( es%e e<cre%+%. Aces%+ cns%i%(ie (n
$ec+nis$ de ec)i"iBr+re #+r%e sensiBi" din r/+nis$(" ns%r(.
C7nd c+"ci(" din s7n/e creA%e, J,9LD se $icAre+C6, i+r c7nd
c+"ci(" din s7n/e sc+de, J,9LD creA%e.
J:9P
Aici es%e secre%("I d+c6
+!r%(" de c+"ci( es%e =n $d neneces+r !re+ $+re, +ce+s%+ #+ce s6
sc+d6 +c%i*i%+%e+ enCi$ei din rinic)i Ai, i$!"ici%, ni*e"("
$e%+B"i%("(i J,9LD. C( +"%e c(*in%e, cns($(" de r(%in6 de !re+
$("% c+"ci( !rin die%6 n( es%e =n #"s(" ns%r(.
Di$%r$m$ C?; Consumul de c$lorii
#rovenite din
$limente de ori%ine $nim$l&
n lume 0167 de tFriE*
5atitudine
(udica
5atitudine
nordica
Prin (r$+re, ni*e"(ri"e din s7n/e +"e $e%+B"i%("(i J,9LD
sc+d !rin%r8(n cns($ !re+ $+re de !r%ein6 +ni$+"6 Ai !re+ $("%
c+"ci(. A"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c(
!r%eine"e "r, sc+d ni*e"(" $e%+B"i%("(i J,9LD. D+r "+!%e"e de
*+c6 es%e B/+% +%7% =n !r%eine, c7% Ai =n c+"ci(. De #+!%, =n%r8(n(i
din ce"e $+i +$!"e s%(dii #6c(%e c( !ri*ire "+ sc"erC+ $("%i!"6 c+re
es%e +sci+%6 c( ni*e"(ri $+i red(se de J,9LD, "+!%e"e de *+c6 +
#s% desc!eri% c+ #iind (n #+c%r %% +%7% de i$!r%+n% c+ Ai
"+%i%(dine+, des!re c+re +$ $en.in+% $+i de*re$e.
9
- De e<e$!"(,
cre"+re+ sc"erCei $("%i!"e c( "+%i%(dine+ Ai e<!(nere+ "+ s+re
!reCen%+%6 =n /r+#ic(" C.9 se !+%e *ede+ Ai "+ die%e"e c( +"i$en%e
de ri/ine +ni$+"6 !reCen%+%e =n /r+#ic(" C.P.>
Se !+%e ded(ce c6 B"i c+ sc"erC+ $("%i!"6 s(n% c+(C+%e, ce"
!(.in =n !+r%e, de "i!s+ de e<!(nere "+ s+re Ai de sc6dere+
+!r%("(i de *i%+$in+ D. Ace+s%6 i!%eC6 es%e s(s.in(%6 de
Bser*+.i+ c6 +$enii din nrd c+re "c(iesc de8+ "(n/(" c+s%e"r
Fde e<e$!"( nr*e/ienii Ai '+!neCiiG
9
- c+re cns($6 $("% !eA%e
B/+% =n *i%+$in+ D +( $+i !(.ine c+C(ri de sc"erC6 $("%i!"6
dec7% cei c+re "c(iesc =n in%erir(" ins("ei. De +se$ene+, =n c+dr("
+ces%r !!("+.ii c( inciden.e $+i sc6C(%e +"e B"ii, cns($+%+re
de !eA%e, se cns($6 $("% $+i !(.in "+!%e de *+c6. Es%e e*iden%,
cns($(" de "+!%e de *+c6 se +sci+C6 c( sc"erC+ $("%i!"6
9
- Ai
di+Be%(" de %i! J, indi#eren% de cns($(" de !eA%e.
=n%r8 +"%6 re+c.ie +sci+%6 c( +ce+s%6 re.e+, +!r%(ri"e
cresc(%e de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 s!resc de +se$ene+
!rd(cere+ #+c%r("(i J de creA%ere +se$ene+ + ins("inei F"ns("ine8
"i@e Gr3%) D+c%r J0IGD8" !reCen%+% !ri$+ d+%6 =n c+!i%"(" RG
c+re !rd(ce creA%ere+ ce"("e"r c+ncer+se.
L
De #+!%, $+i $("%e
re+c.ii cn"(cre+C6 =n $d cnsec*en%, crdn+% Ai reci!rc =n
!rd(cere+ B"ii +%(nci c7nd se #"seA%e +"i$en%+.ie B/+%6 =n
!r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6. C7nd ni*e"(" din s7n/e +"
$e%+B"i%("(i J,9LD es%e sc6C(%, #+c%r(" IGD8J de*ine si$("%+n
$+i +c%i*. =$!re(n6 +ceA%i #+c%ri s%i$("e+C6 "+ !rd(cere+ de ni
ce"("e $ %i$! ce, si$("%+n, in)iB6 =nde!6r%+re+ ce"("e"r *ec)i,
#+*riC7nd +$7ndi deC*"%+re+ c+ncer("(i Fci%+%e A+!%e s%(dii
9R
G.
De e<e$!"(, s8+ +r6%+% c6 !ers+ne"e c( ni*e"(ri +"e IGD8J $+i
$+ri dec7% nr$+"e, +( de L,J ri $+i $("% risc(" de c+ncer +*+ns+%
de !rs%+%6.
9
- D+c6 se c$Bin6 c( ni*e"(ri red(se +"e (nei !r%eine
c+re in+c%i*e+C6 IGD8J
9
[ F+dic6 $+i $("%6
+c%i*i%+%e IGD8JG, e<is%6 un risc de K,S ori mai mare pentru cancer
avansat de prostat'O Aces% ni*e" +" risc("(i de B+"6 es%e
+"+r$+n%. L(cr(" #(nd+$en%+" !en%r( %+%e +ces%e+ es%e c6
+"i$en%e"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6, c($ s(n% c+rne+ Ai !rd(se"e
"+c%+%e
Q:
>
Q9
, d(c "+ !rd(cere+ de $+i $("% IGD8J Ai $+i !(.in
J,9LD, +$7ndi +ceA%i #+c%ri s!rind risc(" de c+ncer.
AceA%i+ s(n% d+r c7.i*+ din%re #+c%rii Ai e*eni$en%e"e
+sci+%e c( re.e+(+ *i%+$inei D. C( +"i$en%+.ie cres!(nC6%+re
Ai (n $edi( !%ri*i%, +ces%e e*eni$en%e Ai re+c.ii c!ere+C6 =n%r8
(n $d in%e/r+% !en%r( + !rd(ce Bene#icii !en%r( s6n6%+%e. Din
cn%r+, c7nd se #"seA%e +"i$en%+.ie ne!%ri*i%6, e#ec%e"e +d*erse
+"e +ces%ei+ s(n% $edi+%e n( de (n+, ci de $("%e din%re re+c.ii"e din
c+dr(" +ces%ei re.e"e. De +se$ene+, $(".i +".i #+c%ri din +s%#e" de
+"i$en%e, !e "7n/6 !r%eine Ai c+"ci(, cn%riB(ie "+ !rd(cere+
+ces%ei si%(+.iie. Ti, =n #in+", +dese+ n( reC("%6 d+r B+"6, ci es%e
!siBi" s6 se !rd(c6 $+i $("%e B"i.
Ce $6 i$!resine+C6 "e/+% de +ce+s%6 re.e+ Ai de ce"e"+"%e
es%e cn*er/en.+ $(".i$ii de #+c%ri c+(C+%ri +i B"ii ce !ere+C6
!rin +%7% de $("%e re+c.ii !en%r( + !rd(ce (n reC("%+% c$(n. C7nd
+ces% reC("%+% c$(n es%e $+i $("% dec7% sin/(r6 B+"6, es%e c)i+r
Ai $+i i$!resin+n%. C7nd +ceA%i #+c%ri di#eri.i se /6sesc =n%r8(n
%i! de +"i$en%e, Ai +ces%e +"i$en%e s(n% din !(nc% de *edere
e!ide$i"/ie "e/+%e de (n+ s+( $+i $("%e din +ces%e B"i,
+scieri"e de*in Ai $+i i$!resin+n%e. Aces% e<e$!"( =nce!e s6
e<!"ice de ce se +A%e+!%6 c+ !rd(se"e "+c%+%e s6 s!re+sc6 risc("
!en%r( +ces%e B"i. N( se !+%e c+ +%7% de $("%e $ec+nis$e
c$!"e<e, ce !ere+C6 =n%r8 +se$ene+ sincrniC+re, !rd(c7nd
+ce"+Ai reC("%+%, s6 +iB6 "c !(r Ai si$!"( "+ =n%7$!"+re. N+%(r+ n8+r
#i #s% +%7% de !re#6c(%6 =nc7% s6 r+#ineCe (n +se$ene+ "+Birin% in(%i"
de cn#"ic%e in%erne. Re.e"e de +ces% #e" e<is%6 !re%(%indeni =n
r/+nis$ Ai =n in%erir(" ce"("e"r. =ns6 Ai $+i i$!r%+n% dec7% +%7%,
e"e s(n% s(!erir in%e/r+%e =n%r8 din+$ic6 c( $("% $+i +$!"6
den($i%6 *i+.6>.
*=,=*INJ=
PARTEA I
C+!i%"(" J
1. A$eric+n C+ncer Scie%y. C+ncer D+c%s +nd Di/(res 8JOOR>.
A%"+n%+, GAI A$eric+n C+ncer Scie%y, JOOR.
2. D"e/+" VM, C+rr"" MD, O/den CL, Ai +".ii. Pre*+"ence +nd %rends
in Besi%y +$n/ US+d("%s, JOOO89:::>. 'AMA 9RR F9::9GI J;9Q8
J;9;.
3. N+%in+" Cen%er #r 5e+"%) S%+%is%ics. OBesi%y s%i"" n %)e rise, ne3
d+%+ s)3. T)e U.S. De!+r%$en% # 5e+"%) +nd 5($+n Ser*ices
Ne3s Re"e+se>. J: c%$Brie 9::Q, 4+s)in/%n DCI 9::9. Acces+%
"+ )%%!I 0 0 333 .c de. / *.nc)s 0 re"e+ses 0 :9 ne3s0
Besi%ynrise.)%$
4. Lin B85, G(%)rie ,, Ai Dr+C+ E. N(%rien% Cn%riB(%in # Dd
A3+y #r$ 5$e>. =nI E. Dr+C+ Fedi%G, AMERICA[S EATING
5ABITSI C5ANGES AND CONSEiUENCES. 4+s)in/%n, DCI
Ecn$ic Rese+rc) Ser*ice, USDA, JOOO. Ci%+% "+ !. JQR =nI
In#r$+%in P"(s. NUTRITIONI A VE? TOGOOD5EALT5. 4y""ie,
TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
5. M@d+d A5, Drd ES, B3$+n BA, Ai +".ii. Di+Be%es %rends in
U.S.I JOO:8JOOR.> DIABETES CARE9Q F9::SGI J9;R8J9RQ.
6. Cen%ers #r Dise+se Cn%r" +nd Pre*en%in. N+%in+" Di+Be%es D+c%
S)ee%I N+%in+" Es%i$+%es +nd Gener+" In#r$+%in n Di+Be%es in
%)e Uni%ed S%+%es, Re*ised Edi%in>. A%"+n%+, GAI Cen%ers #r
Dise+se Cn%r" +nd Pre*en%in, JOOR.
;. A$eric+n Di+Be%es Assci+%in. Ecn$ic cnsea(ences # di+Be%es
$e""i%(s in %)e U.S. in JOO;>. DIABETES CARE 9J FJOORGI 9OS8Q:O.
Ci%+% =nI M@d+d A5, Drd EL, B3$+n BA, Ai +".ii. Di+Be%es %rends
in U.S.I JOO:8JOORIJOO:8JOOR.> DIABETES CARE 9Q F9:::GI J9;R8
J9RQ.
R. A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in. 5e+r% Dise+se +nd S%r@e S%+%is%ics8
9::Q U!d+%e> D+""+s, TUI A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in, 9::9.
7. Ornis) D, Br3n SE, Sc)er3i%C L4, Ai +".ii. C+n "i#es%y"e c)+n/es
re*erse crn+ry )e+r% dise+se?> LANCET QQS FJOO:GI J9O8JQQ.
8. Esse"s%yn CB, E""is SG, Medendr! S2, Ai +".ii. A s%r+%e/y % +rres%
+nd re*erse crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI+ L8ye+r "n/i%(din+" s%(dy # +
sin/"e !nysici+n[s !r+c%ice>. 0. DAMIL? PRACTICEI FJOOLGI LS:8LSR.
JJ. S%+r#ie"d B. IsU.S. )e+"%)re+""y %)e Bes% in %)e 3r"d?> ,AMA
9RP F9:::GI PRQ8PRL.
9. Andersn RNI De+%)sI "e+din/ c+(ses #r 9:::.> NATIONAL 2ITAL
STATISTICS REPORTS L: FJSG F9::9G.
10. P)i""i!s D, C)ris%en#e"d N, Ai G"ynn L. Incre+se in U.S. Medic
+%in8err r de+%) Be%3een JORQ+nd>. UNCEDSLj FJOORGISPQ8SPP.
11. U.S. Cn/ressin+" 5(se S(Bc$i%%ee O*ersi/)% In*es%i/+%in.
Cs% +nd a(+"i%y # 5e+"%) c+reI (nnecess+ry s(r/ery>. 4+s)in/%n
DCI JO;S. Ci%+% deI Le+!e,L.Unnecess+rys(r/ery>.Ann. RE2.
PUB.
5e10%#i"QFJOO9GIQSQ8QRQ.
12. JL. L+C+r( ,, P$er+nC B, Ai Crey PN. Incidence # +d*erse dr(/
re+c%ins in )s!i%+"iCed !+%ien%s>. ,AMA 9;O FJOORGIJ9::8J9:L.
13. 4r"d 5e+"%) Or/+niC+%in. Tec)nic+" Series n. P9L. In%ern+%in+"
Dr(/ Mni%rin/I %)e R"e # 5s!i%+">. Gene*+, S3i%Cer"+ndI 4r"d
5e+"%) Or/+niC+%in, JOSS.
14. 5e+"%) Ins(r+nce Assci+%in # A$eric+. SOURCE BOOV OD
5EALT5 INSURANCE DATAI JOOO89:::. 4+s)in/%n DC, JOOO.
15. N+%in+" Cen%er #r 5e+"%) S%+%is%ics. 5EALT5, UNITED STATES, 9:::
4IT5 ADOLESCENT 5EALT5 C5ART8BOOV. 5y+%%s*i""e, MDI
N+%in+" Cen%er #r 5e+"%) S%+%is%ics, 9:::.
16. S%+r#ie"d B. PRIMAR? CAREI BALANCING 5EALT5 NEEDS, SER2ICES,
AND TEC5NOLOG?. Ne3 ?r@I O<#rd Uni*ersi%y Press, JOOR.
17. Or/+niC+.i+ Mndi+"6 + S6n6%6.ii. R+!r% Mndi+" de S6n6%+%e +n("
9:::I C$(nic+% de !res6I 4r"d 5e+"%) Or/+niC+%in +ssesses %)e
3r"d[s 5e+"%) sys%e$s>. 9J i(nie 9:::, Gene*+. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.3).in%
18. CB"e ?D. A$eric+n Medic+" Assci+%in !ress re"e+se. AMA
decries rise in n($Ber # (nins(red A$eric+ns>. Q: se!%e$Brie 9::Q,
C)ic+/, IL. Acces+% "+
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19. C+$!Be"" TC. Presen% d+y @n3"ed/e n +#"+%<in>. P)i" , N(%r 9:
FJOS;GIJOQ89:J.
20. C+$!Be"" TC, C+ed ,P, ,r., B("+%+8,+ye$e ,, Ai c"+B. A#"+%<in
M, in )($+n (rine.> NATURE 99; FJO;:GI P:Q8P:P.
21. Aces% !r/r+$ s8+ des#6A(r+% =n c"+Br+re c( De!+r%+$en%("
Di"i!ineC de S6n6%+%e Ai + #s% #in+n.+% de c6%re A/en.i+ S%+%e"r Uni%e
!en%r( DeC*"%+re In%ern+.in+"6 FUSAIDG. USAID + !"6%i% s+"+ri("
$e( %i$! de A+se +ni, +c%i*i%+%e =n (r$+ c6rei+ +( reC("%+% JJ:
cen%re s!eci+"e !en%r( $+$e> r6s!7ndi%e =n ce+ $+i $+re !+r%e +
.6rii. Pr/rese"e =nre/is%r+%e =n c+dr(" +ces%(i cn%r+c% +( #s%
!re/6%i%e c+ r+!+r%e "(n+re c6%re USAID de c6%re +sci+%(" De+n
C.4. En/e" de "+ 2ir/ini+Tec).
22. 5( ,, K)+ U, ,i+ ,, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry c+"ci($ +nd Bne densi%y
+$n/ $idd"e8+/ed +nd e"der"y 3$en in C)in+>. AM. ,. CLIN.
NUTR. LR FJOOQGI 9JO899;.
23. 5( ,, K)+ U, P+r!i+ B, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry in%+@es +nd (rin+ry
e<cre%in # c+"ci($ +nd +cidsI + crss8sec*en%i+" s%(dy # 3$en in
C)in+>. AM. d. CLIN. NUTR. LR FJOOQGI QOR8P:S.
24. 5( ,, K)+ U, P+r!i+ B, Ai c"+B.I Assess$en% # + $di#ied
)(se)"d #d 3ei/)in/ $e%)d in + s%(dy # Bne )e+"%) in C)in+>.
EUROPEAN d. CLIN. NUTR. PR FJOOPGI PP98PL9.
25. P%isc)$+n N, McC(""c) CE, Byers T Ai c"+B. Bre+s% c+ncer +nd
die%+ry +nd !"+s$+ cncen%r+%ins # c+r%enids +nd *i%+$in
A.[
y
AM. d. CLIN. NUTR. L9 FJOO:GI O:O8OJL.
26. P%isc)$+n N, McC(""c) CE, Byers T Ai c"+B. Assci+%ins
Be%3een Bre+s% c+ncer, %ri/"ycerides +nd c)"es%er">. NUTR.
CANCERjL FJOOJGI 9:L89JL.
27. C)en ,, C+$!Be"" TC, Li ,, Ai c"+B. D"ET, LIDE8ST?LE AND
MORTALIT? IN C5INA. A STUD? OD T5E C5ARACTERISTICS OD
SL C5INESE COUNTIES. O<#rd, UV, I%)+c+, N?, Bei'in/, PRCI
O<#rd Uni*ersi%y PressI Crne"i Uni*ersi%y PressW Pe!"e[s Medic+"
P(B"is)in/ 5(se,JOO:.
28. C+$!Be"" TC, Ai C)en ,. Die% +nd c)rnic de/ener+%i*e dise+seI
!ers!ec%i*es #r$ C)in+>. AM.G. CLIN. NUTR. LO FS(!!".G FJOOPGI
JJLQS8JJSJS.
29. C+$!Be"" TC. T)e die%+ry c+(ses # de/ener+%i*e dise+sesW
n(%rien%s *s #ds> InI N.,. Te$!"e +nd D.P. B(r@i%% Feds.G, 4ESTERN
DISEASESW T5EIR DIETAR? PRE2ENTION AND RE2ERSIBILIT?, !. JJO8
JL9, T%3+, N,I 5($+n+ Press, JOOP.
30. C+$!Be"" TC +nd C)en ,. Die% +nd c)rnic de/ener+%i*e dise+sesW
+ s($$+ry # res("%s #r$ +n ec"/ic s%(dy in r(r+" C)in+.> InI N.,.
Te$!"e +nd D.P. B(r@i%% Feds.G, 4ESTERN
DISEASESW T5EIR DIETAR? PRE2ENTION AND RE2ERSIBILIT?, !.
S;8JJR, T%3+, N,I 5($+n+ Press, JOOP.
31. C)i%%enden R5. P5?SIOLOGICAL ECONOM? IN NUTRITION.
Ne3 ?r@I D. A. S%@es, JO:P.
32. C)i%%enden R5. T5E NUTRITION ODMAN. Ne3 ?r@I D.A.
S%@es, JO:;.
C+!i%"(" 9
33. S%i""in/s BR. 4r"d s(!!"ies # +ni$+" !r%ein>. In ,.4.G. Pr%er
+nd B.A. R""s Fed.G, PROTEINS IN 5UMAN NUTRITION, !. JJ8QQ.
LndnI Ac+de$ic Press, JO;Q.
34. C+$!Be"" TC, 4+rner RG, Ai Ls"i ,V. Ure+ +nd Bi(re% #r
r($in+n%s>. InI Crne"i N(%ri%in Cn#erence, B(##+", N?, JOS:, !.
OS8J:Q.
35. C+$!Be"" TC, Ls"i ,V, 4+rner RG Ai c"+B. U%i"iC+ %in # Bi(re%
By r($in+n%s>. 0. ANIMAL SCIENCE 99 FJOSQGI JQO8JPL.
36. A(rre% M. 4r"d !r%ein s(!!"ies +nd needs. Prceedin/s #
%)eSi<%een%) E+s%er Sc)" in A/ric("%(r+" Science, Uni*ersi%y #
N#%in/)+$, JOSO>. InI R.A. L+(rie FedG, PROTEINS IN 5UMAN
DOOD, !. Q8JO, 4esr!r%, CT.I A*i P(B"is)in/ C$!+ny, JO;:.
37. Scri$s)+3 NS, Ai ?(n/ 2R. N(%ri.in+" e*+"(+rin +nd %)e
(%i"iC+%in # !r%ein res(rces>. In CE. Bd3e"" FedG, E2ALUATION
OD PROTEINS DOR 5UMANS, !. J 8" :. 4esr!r%, CTI T)e A*i P(B"is)in/
C., JO;S.
38. ,+"i" ME, Ai T+)ir 4M. 4r"d s(!!"ies # !"+n% !r%eins>. InI ,.4.G.
Pr%er +nd B.A. R""s FedsG, PROTEINS IN 5UMAN NUTRITION, !. QL8
PS. LndnI Ac+de$ic Press, JO;Q.
;. B"(n% 4P. T(r@ey U> Dise+se>. TURVE?S O FJOSJGI L9,LL8
LR,SJ,;;.
39. S+r/e+n% V, S)erid+n A, O[Ve""y ,, Ai c"+B. T<iciry +ssci+%ed
3i%) cer%+in s+$!"es # /r(ndn(%s>. NATURE JO9FJOSJGI J:OL8
J:^.
40. L+nc+s%er MC, ,en@ins DP Ai P)i"i! ,M. T<ici%y +ssci+%ed 3i%)
cer%+in s+$!"es # /r(ndn(%s>. NATUREjO9 FJOSJGI J:OL8J:OS.
41. 4/+n GN Ai Ne3Berne PM. Dse8res!nse c)+r+c%eris%ics #
+#"+%<in B, c+rcin/enesis in %)e r+%>. CANCER RES. 9; FJOS;GI
9Q;:89Q;S.
42. 4/+n GN Ai P+/"i+"(n/+ S, Ai Ne3Berne PM. C+rcin/enic e##ec%s
# "3 die%+ry "e*e"s # +#"+%<in B, in r+%s> DOOD COSMET.
TOUICOL.L9FJO;PGI SRJ8SRL.
43. C+$!Be"" TC, C+ed ,P, ,r., B("+%+8,+y$e Ai c"+B. A#"+%<in M,
in )($+n (rine>. NATURE 99; FJO;:GI P:Q8P:P.
44. M+d)+*+n T2 Ai G!+"+$ C. T)e e##ec% # die%+ry !r%ein n
c+rcin/enesis # +#"+%<in.> ARC5. PAT5. RL FJOSRGI JQQ8JQ;.
C+!i%"(" Q
45. N+%(r+" Res(rces De#ense C(nci". In%"er+B"e ris@I !es%icides in
(r c)i"dren[s #d>. Ne3 ?r@I N+%(r+" Res(rces De#ense C(nci",
9;#eBr. JORO.
46. 4in%er C, Cr+i/$i"" A, Ai S%i$$+nn M. Dd S+#e%y Iss(es II.
NRDC re!r% +nd A"+r.> UC DA2IS EN2IRONMENTAL
TOUICOLOG? NE4SIETTER O F9G FJOROGIJ.
47. LieBer$+nn A, Ai V3n SC. D+c%s *ers(s #e+rsI + re*ie3 # %)e
/re+%es% (n#(nded )e+"%) sc+res # recen% %i$es>. Ne3 ?r@I
A$eric+n C(nci" n Science +nd 5e+"%), i(nie JOOR.
48. 4)e"+n EM Ai S%+re D,. PANIC IN T5E PANTR?I DACTS
ANDDALLACIES ABOUT T5E DOOD ?OU BU?. B(# #+", N?I
Pr$e%)e(s B@s, JOO9.
49. U.S. A!!"e Assci+%in. Ne3s re"e+seI syn!sis # U.S. A!!"e Press
Cn#e8rence>. McLe+n, 2AI U.S. A!!"e Assci+%in, 9L #eBr. JOOO.
50. C+ssens RG. NITRITE8CURED MEATI A DOOD SADET? ISSUE IN
PERSPECTI2E. Tr($B("", CTI Dd +nd N(%ri%in Press, Inc.,
JOO:.
51. Li'ins@y 4, Ai E!s%ein SS. Nirrs+$ines +s en*irn$en%+"
c+rcin/ens>. NATURE 99L FJO;:GI 9J89Q.
52. N+%in+" T<ic"/y Pr/r+$. Nin%) re!r% n c+rcin/ens re*ised
,+n(+ry 9::J>. 4+s)in/%n, DC. De!+r%$en% n 5e+"%) +nd 5($+n
Ser*ices, P(B"ic 5e+"%) Ser*ice, i+n. 9::J. Acces+% "+
)%r!I00e)is.nie)is,ni)./*0rc0%cO. )%$"k*ie3e
53. In%ern+%in+" A/ency #r C+ncer Rese+rc). IARC
MONOGRAP5 ON T5E E2ALUATION OD T5E CARCINOGENIC
RISV OD C5EMICALS TO 5UMANSI SOME N8NITROSO. 2i. J; Lyn,
Dr+n.+I In%ern+%in+" A/ency #r Rese+rc) n C+ncer, JO;R.
J:. Dr(c@ery 5, ,+nC3s@i R, Ai Pre(ss$+nn R. Or/+n%r!e
c+rcin/ene 3ir@(n/en Bei SL *ersc)idenen N8ni%rs8
*erBind(n/en +n BD8r+%%en.> K. VREBSDORSC5. SO FJOS;G J:Q8
9:J.
54. T)$+s C, Ai S BT. K(r $r!)"/ie der d(rc) N8ni%rs8
*erBind(n/en erCe(/%en %($ren i$ Beren *erd+((n/s%r+@% der
r+%%e.> ARKNEIMITTELDORSC5. JO FJOSOGI J:;;8J:OJ.
55. EisenBr+nd G, S!ie/e")+"der B, ,+nC3s@i C Ai c"+B. 2"+%i"e +nd
nn8*%+"i"e N8ni%rsc$!(nds in#ds +nd %)er en*irn$en%+"
$edi+.> IA*C SCI9 (U)LI9 JO FJO;RGI QJJ8Q9P.
56. N+%in+" Arc)i*es +nd Recrds Ad$inis%r+%in. Cde # Deder+"
Re/("+%insI Ti%"e O, Ani$+"s +nd Ani$+" !rd(c%s, Sec%in QJO.JR:
FOCDRQJO.JR:G>. 4+s)in/%n, DCI G*ern$en% Prin%in/ O##ice,
9::J.
57. V+n#er S. 9 c%$Brie JO;9. T)e dec"ine +nd #+"" # %)e A$eric+n
)% d/>. TI/=; RS.
58. Ne3Berne P. Ni%ri%e !r$%es "y$!)$+ incidence in r+%s>. Science
9:P FJO;OGI J:;O8J:RJ.
59. M+d)+*+n T2, Ai G!+"+n C. T)e e##ec% # die%+ry !r%ein n
c+rcin/enesis # +#"+%<in>. ARC5.PAT5.RL FJOSRGI JQQ8JQ;.
60. D+c6 +ce+s%6 de#icien.6 de*ine !+r%e + !ri$("(i cic"( de ce"("e #iice,
+%(nci e" *+ %rece $+i de!+r%e "+ %+%e /ener+.ii"e de ce"("e, c(
!%en.i+"(" c+ =n ce"e din (r$6 s6 de*in6 c+ncer de%ec%+Bi" c"inic.
T%(Ai, +ce+s%+ es%e s(!r+si$!"i#ic+re + (n(i !rces #+r%e c$!"e<.
P+%e d(6 din ce"e $+i se$ni#ic+%i*e $isi(ni s(n% i!%eCe"e c6 JG
es%e !siBi" s6 #ie neces+r6 $+i $("% dec7% $(%+.ie !en%r( + ini.i+ Ai
!r$*+ c+ncer(", Ai 9G n( %+%e de#ec%e"e /ene%ice d(c "+ c+ncer.
61. M/Bdi"e MUV Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # !r%ein de!ri*+%in #
$+"e 3e+n"in/ n %)e @ine%ics # )e!+%ic $icrs$+" enCy$e
+c%i*i%y.> 0. NUT*9 J:9 FJO;9GI LQ8S:.
62. 5+yes ,R M/Bdi"e MUV Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # !r%ein
denciency n %)e ind(ciBi"i%y # %)e )e!+%ic $icrs$+" dr(/8
$e%+B"iCin/ enCy$e sys%e$. I. E##ec% n s(Bs%r+%e in%er+c%in 3i%)
cy%c)r$e P8PL:.> B"OC5EM. P5ARMACOL.99 FJO;QGI J::L8
J:JP.
63. M/Bdi"e MUV, 5yes ,R Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # !r%ein
de#iciency n %)e ind(ciBi"i%y # %)e )e!+%ic $icrs$+" dr(/8
$e%+B"iCin/ enCy$e sys%e$. II E##ec% n enCy$e @ine%ics +nd
e"ec%rn %r+ns!r% sys%e$.> )lGCH=/9 (AH*/ACGL9 99 FJO;QGI
JJ9L8JJQ9.
64. 5+yes ,R, M/Bdi"e MUV Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # !r%ein
de#iciency n %)e ind(ciBi"i%y # %)e )e!+%ic $icrs$+" dr(/8
$e%+B"iCin/ enCy$e sys%e$. III. E##ec% # Q8
$e%)yc)"+n%)rene ind(c%in n +c%i*i%y +nd Bindin/
@ine%ics.> B"OC5EM. P5ARMACOL.9Q FJO;PGI J;9J8J;Q9.
65. C+$!Be"" TC. In#"(ence # n(%ri%in n $e%+B"is$ # c+rcin/ens
FM+r%)+ M+s 5nr7s T)esisG>. AD2. NUTR. RES.9 FJO;OGI 9O8LL.
66. Pres%n RS, 5yes ,R Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # !r%ein de#iciency
n %ne in *i* Bindin/ # +#"+%<in B" % r+% "i*er $+cr$"ec("es>.
LIDE SCI. JO FJO;SGI JJOJ8JJOR.
67. Pr%$+n RS, P"3$+n VM Ai C+$!Be"" TC. On $ec)+nis$s
+##ec%in/ s!ecies s(sce!%iBi"i%y % +#"+%<in.> B"OC5IM. B"OP5?S.
ACTA 9:R FJO;:GI PR;8POL.
68. Prince LO, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec%s # se< di# #erence +nd die%+ry
!r%eine "e*e" n %)e Bindin/ # +#"+%<in B" % r+% "iBer c)r$+%in
!r%eins in *i*.> CANCER RES. P9. FJOR9GI L:LQ8L:LO.
69. M+ini/i VD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. S(Bce""("+r dis%riB(%in +nd c*+"en%
Bindin/ # +#"+%<ins +s #(nc%ins # die%+ry $+ni!("+%in>. 0.
TOUICOL. EN2IRON. 5EALT5 S FJOR:GI SLO8S;J.
70. Ner(r@+r LS, 5+yes ,R, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. T)e recns%i%(%in #
)e!+%ic $icrs$+" $i<ed #(nc%in <id+se +c%i*i%y 3i%) #r+c%ins
deri*ed #r$ 3e+n8"in/r+%s#ed di##eren% "e*e"es # !r%ein.> 0.
NUTRI.J:R FJO;RGI S;R8SRS.
71. G(r% 5L Ai C+$!Be"" TC. A @ine%ic +!!r+c) % + s%(dy # %)e
ind(c%in # r+% "i*er $icrs$+" )ydr<yd+se +#%er !re%re+%$en%
3i%) Q,P8BenC!yrene +nd +#"+%<in B" . B"OC5EM. P5ARMACOL.
JO FJO;:GI J;9O8J;QL.
72. Ade@(n"e A A, 5+yes ,R,Ai C+$!Be"" TC. In%erre"+%ins)i!s #
die%+ry !r%ein "e*e", +#"+%<in B", $e%+B"is$ +nd )e!+%ic
$icrs$+" e!<ide )ydr+se +c%i*i%y.> L"DESCI. 9J FJO;;GI J;RL8
J;O9.
73. M+ini/i VD, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # "3 die%+ry !r%ein +nd
die%+ry +#"+%<in n )e!+%ic /"(%+%)ine "e*e"s in D8QQP r+%s.>
TOUICOL. APPL. P5ARMACOL. LO FJORJGI JOS89:Q.
74. D+rBer E, Ai C+$ern R. T)e sec*en.i+" +n+"ysis # c+ncer
de*e"!$en%.> AD2. CANCER RES. QJ FJ`R:GI J9L899S.
75. R6s!(ns(" #c+re"r !en%r( $+'ri%+%e+ di+/r+$e"r din +ces% c+!i%"
re#"ec%6 =n $+'ri%+%e ^ *"($("(i #ic+%("(i>, c+re in%e/re+C6
n($6r(" de #c+re> Ai $6ri$e+ #c+re"r>, +$Be"e indic7nd
%endin.+ de #r$+re + %($rei. Pen%r( c+ r6s!(ns(ri"e din
e<!eri$en%e"e indi*id(+"e s6 !+%6 #i c$!+r+%e (ne"e c( +"%e"e,
d+%e"e s(n% +'(s%+%e "+ sc+"6
c$(n6 c+re re#"ec%6 r6s!(ns(" !rd(s de dC6 s%+nd+rd de
+#"+%<in6 Ai !rin )r6nire+ c( die%6 de 9:^ !r%eine.
76. A!!"e%n BS Ai C+$!Be"" TC. In)iBi%in # +#"+%<in8ini%i+%ed
!rene!"+s%ic "i*er "esins By "3 die%+ry !r%ein.> NUTR.
CANCER?, FJOR9GI 9::89:S.
77. D(n+i# GE Ai C+$!Be"" TC. Re"+%i*e cn%riB(%in # die%+ry !r%ein
"e*e" +nd A#"+%<in B" dse in /ener+%in # !res($!%i*e
!rene!"+s%ic #ci in r+% "i*er>. ,. NATL. CANCER INS. ;R FJOR;GI
QSL8QSO.
78. ?(n/$+n LD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. 5i/) !r%ein in%+@e !r$%es %)e
/r3%) # !rene!"+s%ic #ci in Disc)er kQPP r+%sI e*idence %)+% e+r"y
re$de"ed #ci re%+in %)e !%en.i+" #r #(%(re /r3%).> 0. NUTR. J9J
FJOOJGI JPLP8JPSJ.
79. ?(n/$+n LD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. In)iBi%in # +#"+%<in B"8ind(ced
/+$$+8/"(%+$y" %r+ns!e!%id+se !si%i*e FGGTmG )e!+%ic
!rene!"+s%ic #ci +nd %($rs By "3 !r%ein die%sI JS:;8JSJQ.
80. D(n+i# GE Ai C+$!Be"" TC. Die%+ry !r%ein "e*e" +nd +#"+%<in B"8
ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic )e!+%ic "esins in %)e r+%.> 0. NUTR.
JJ;FJOR;GI J9OR8JQ:9.
81. 5ri D, ?(n/$+n LD, Be"" RC Ai c"+B. T)er$/enesis, "38
!r%ein die%s, +nd decre+sed de*e"!$en% # ADBJ8ind(ced
!rene!"+s%ic #ci in r+% "i*er.> NUTR. G$cer"SFJOOJGIQJ8PJ.
82. C+$ J9^ !r%eine din die%6 s(n% neces+re !en%r( + $6ri "+ $+<i$($
r+%+ de creA%ere, =n cn#r$i%+%e c( N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci" +"
N+%in+" Ac+de$y # Sciences.
83. S(Bc$i%%ee n L+Br+%ry Ani$+" N(%ri%in. NUTRIENT
REiUIREMENTS ODLABORATOR? ANIMALS. SECORTD RE2ISED
EDITION, NR. J:. 4+s)in/%n, DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JO;9.
84. N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci". RECOMMENDED DIETAR?
ALLO4ANCES. TENT5 EDITION. 4+s)in/%n DC, N+%in+"
Ac+de$y Press, JORO.
85. Sc)"(sin/er DA, R% MM Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # die%+ry
!r%ein a(+"i%y n de*e"!$en% # +#"+%<in B"8in,d!ced )e!+%ic
Prene!"+s%ic "esins.> 0. NATL. CANCER INST. RJ FJOROGI J9PJ8
J9PL.
86. ?(n/$+n LD. T5E GRO4T5 AND DE2ELOPMENT OD ADLATOUIN BL8
INDUCED PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS, TUMORS, METASTASIS, AND
SPONTANEOUS TUMORS AS T5E? ARE INDLUENCED B? DIETAR?
PROTEIN LE2EL, T?PE, AND
INTER2ENTION. I%)+c+, N?I Crne"i Uni*ersi%y, P). D. T)esis,
JOO:.
87. Be+s"ey RP. 5e!+%i%is B *ir(s +s %)e e%i"/ic +/en% in
)e!+%ce"(""+r c+rcin$+8e!ide$i"/ic cnsider +%ins.>
5EPATOL. 9 FJOR9GI 9JS89SS.
88. B"($Ber/ BS, L+r(Ce B, LBdn 4T, Ai c"+B. T)e re"+%in #
in#ec%in 3i%) %)e )e!+%i%is B +/en% % !ri$+ry )e!+%ic c+rcin$+.>
AM. ,. PAT5OL. RJ FJO;LGI SSO8SR9.
89. C)is+ri D2, Derr+ri C Ai Mnde""i MU. 5e!+%i%is B *ir(s s%r(c%(re
+nd Bi"/y.> M"CROB"OL. PAT5OL. S FJOROGI QJJ8Q9L.
90. 5( ,, C)en/ K, C)is+ri D2 Ai c+"B. Re!ressin # )e!+%i%is B *ir(s
F5B2G %r+ns8/ene +nd 5B28ind(ced "i*er in'(ry By "3 !r%ein
die%>. ONCOGENEJL FJOO;GI 9;89R:J.
91. C)en/ K, 5( ,, Vin/ ,, Ai c"+B. In)iBi%in # )e!+%ce""("+r
c+rcin$+ de*e"!$en% in )e!+%i%is B *ir(s %r+ns#ec%ed $ice By "3
die%+ry c+sein>. 5EPATOLOG?9S FJOO;GI JQLJ8JQLP.
92. 5+3ry"e3icC E,, 5(+n/ 55, Viss+ne ,i, Ai c+"B. En)+nce$en% #
%)e ;0J98di$e%)y"BenCF+G+n%)r+cene FDMBAG $+$$+ry
%($ri/enesis By )i/) die%+ry !r%ein in r+%s.> NUTR. REPS. INT9S
FJOR9GI ;OQ8R:S.
93. 5+3ry"e3icCE,. D+%8!r%einin%er+c%in, de#ined 98/ener+%in
s%(dies.> =nI C.I!. D.D. Bir%, A.E. R/ers Ai C. Me%%"in FedsG, DIETAR?
DAT AND CANCER, !. P:Q8PQP. Ne3 ?r@I A"+n R, Liss, Inc., JORS.
94. 5(+n/ 55, 5+3ry"e3icC E,, Viss+ne ,i, Ai c"+B. E##ec% # !r%ein
die% n re"e+se # !r"+c%in +nd *+ri+n s%erids in #+$+"e r+%s.>
NUTR. RPTS. INT. 9S FJOR9GI R:;8R9:.
L9.:[Cnnrs TP, ReB(c@ BD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. Die%+ry in%er*en%in
d(rin/ %)e !s%8dsin/ !)+se # L8+C+serine8ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic
"esins.> 0. NATL. CANCER INST. ;L FJORLGI OLL8OL;.
95. O[Cnnrs TP, ReB(c@ BD, Pe%ersn D, Ai c"+B. E##ec% # die%+ry
in%+@e # #is) ii +nd #is) !r%ein n %)e de*e"!$en% # L8+C+serine8
ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic "esins in r+% !+ncre+s>. 0. NATL. CANCERINST.
;LFJORLGI OLO8OS9.
96. 5e ?. EDDECTS OD CAROTENOIDS AND DIETAR? CAROTENOID
EUTRACTS ON ADLATOUIN BI8INDUCED MUTAGENESIS
AND5EPATOCARCINOGENESIS. I%)+c+, N?I Crne"i Uni*ersi%y,
%eC6 de dc%r+%, JOO:.
LL. 5e ? Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec%s # c+r%enids n +#"+%<in B"8
ind(ced $(%+/enesis in S. Ty!)i$(ri($ TA J:: +nd TA OR>.
N(rr. CANCER JQ FJOO:GI 9PQ89LQ.
C+!i%"(" P
97. Li ,8?, Li( B8i, Li G8?, Ai c"+B. A%"+s # c+ncer $r%+"i%y in %)e
Pe!"e[s Re!(B"ic # C)in+. An +id #r c+ncer cn%r" +nd rese+rc).>
INT. 0. EPID. J: FJORJGI J9;8JQQ.
98. 5i//insn ,. Presen% %rends in c+ncer e!ide$i"/y>. PROC. CAN.
CANCER COND. R FJOSOGI P:8;L.
99. 4ynder EL, Ai Gri GB. Cn%riB(%in # %)e en*irn$en% %
c+ncer incidenceI +n e!ide$i"/ie e<ercise>. 0. NATL. CANCER
INST. LR FJO;;GI R9L8RQ9.
100. D"" R, Ai Pe% R. T)e c+(ses # c+ncerI i(+n%i%+%i*e es%i$+%es
# +*id+B"e ris@s # c+ncer in %)e Uni%ed S%+%es %d+y.> 0. NATL
CANCER INST SS FJORJGI JJO98J9SL.
101. D+/in D. Ne3s re"e+se. Bre+s% c+ncer c+(se s%i""
e"(si*e s%(dyI n c"e+r "in@ Be%3een !""(%in, Bre+s% c+ncer n LI>.
S +(/(s%, 9::9. Nesd+y.c$. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333.ne3sd+y.c$0ne3s0"c+"0"n/is"+nd0ny8
Iic+nc:S9RJJRR;+(/:S. sry ?c""lny ^ D%!^ 9D)e+d"ines
102. A #s% r+%6 + $r%+"i%6.ii de R9. d+r c+$ %rei$e din +ces%e r+%e
+( #s% d(!"ic+%e +"e +ce"ei+Ai B"i !en%r( di#eri.i +$eni =n *7rs%6.
103. A!r%(" c+"ric =n C)in+ es%e !en%r( (n +d("% B6rB+% de SL @/ c+re
#+ce $(nc6 #iCic6 (A+r6>. D+%e"e c$!+r+Bi"e !en%r( B6rB+%("
+$eric+n s(n% +'(s%+%e !en%r( /re(%+%e cr!r+"6 de SL @/.
104. Ser2++s C Die%s %)+% !r%ec%ed +/+ins% c+ncers in C)in+.> T5E
SATURDA? E2ENING POSTOCTOBERLOO:I9S89R.
T+%e r+%e"e de $r%+"i%+%e dis!niBi"e +( #s% +r+n'+%e =n%r8 $+%ri.6
+s%#e" =nc7% + #s% !siBi" s6 de de%er$ine re!ede re"+.i+ #iec6rei r+%e c(
%+%e ce"e"+"%e r+%e. Diec+re c$!+r+.ie + #s% +!i n%+%6 c( !"(s s+(
$in(s, =n #(nc.ie de cre"+re+ direc%6 s+( in*ers6. T+%e cre"+.ii"e !"(s
+( #s% +d(n+%e =n%r8 "is%6 Ai %+%e cre"+.ii"e $in(s +( #s% +d(n+%e =n%r8
+"%6 "is%6. Diec+re in%r+re indi*id(+"6 =n #iec+re din%re "is%e + #s% de +cee+
!Ci%i* cre"+%6 c( in%r6ri"e din !r!ri+ "is%6, d+r in*ers cre"+%6 c( B"i"e
din "is%+ !(s6. M+'ri%+%e+, d+r n( %+%e cre"+.ii"e +( #s% se$ni#ic+%i*e
din !(nc% de *edere s%+%is%ic. J:. C+$!Be"" TC, C)en ,, Br(n T, Ai c"+B.
C)in+I #r$ dise+ses # !*er%y % dise+ses # +##"(ence. P"icy
i$!"ic+%ins # %)e e!ide$i"/ic+" %r+nsi%in>. ECOL. DOODNUTR.
9; FJOO9GI JQQ8JPP.
105. C)en ,, C+$!Be"" TC, Li ,, Ai c"+B. D"ET, LIDE8ST?LE AND
MORTALIT? IN C5INA. A STUD? OD T5E C5ARACTERISTICS OD
SL C5INESE COUNTIES. O<#rd, UVW I%)+c+, N?W Bei'in/, PRCI
O<#rd Uni*ersi%y PressW Crne"i Uni*ersi%y PressW Pe!"e[s Medic+"
P(B"is)in/ 5(se,JOO:.
106. Li!id Rese+rc) C"inics !r/r+$ E!ide$i"/y C$$i%ee.
P"+s$+ "i!id dis%ri8B(%ins in se"ec%ed Nr%) A$eric+n P!("+%in.
T)e "i!id Rese+rc) C"inics Pr/r+$ Pre*+"ence S%(dy.>
CIRCULATION S: FJO;OGI P9;8PQO.
107. C+$!Be"" TC, P+r!i+ B, Ai C)en ,. Die%, "i#es%y"e, +nd %)e
e%i"/y # crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI T)e Crne"i C)in+ S%(dy>I A$.
B. CARDIOL. R9 FJOORGI JRT89JT.
108. Aces%e d+%e s(n% !en%r( s+%e"e SA, LC Ai RA !en%r( #e$ei, Ai
SA, iC Ai NB !en%r( B6rB+.i, +A+ c($ se *ede =n $n/r+#ie FC)en,
Ai c"+B, JOO:G.
109. Sir%ri CR, Nsed+ G, Ai Desc*ic) GC. Sr(dies n %)e (se #
+ sy+Be+n !r%ein die% #r %)e $+n+/e$en% # )($+n
)y!er"i!!r%eine$i+s>. In.I M. ,. Gi/ney Ai D. Vri%c)e*sc@y Feds.G,
CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRITION AND D"SEASE,
2OLUME RI ANIMAL AND 2EGETABLE PROTEINS IN LIPID
METABOLISM AND AT5EROSCIEROSIS, !. JQL8JPR. Ne3 ?r@, N?.
A"+n R. Liss, Inc., JORQ.
JS. C+rr"" VV. Die%+ry !r%eins +nd +$in +cids 8 %)eir e##ec%s
n c)"es%er" $e%+B"is$.> In.I M.,. GiBney Ai D.
Vri%c)e*sc@y Feds.G, ANIMAL AND 2EGETABLE PROTEINS IN
LIPID METABOLISM AND AT5EROSCIEROSIS, !. O8J;. Ne3 ?r@, N?.
A"+n R. Liss, Inc., JORQ.
110. Ter!s%r+ A5M, 5er$(s R,, Ai 4es% CE. Die%+ry !r%ein +nd
c)"es%er" $e%+B"is$ in r+BBi%s +nd r+%s>. In.I M.,. GiBney Ai D.
Vri%c)e*sc@y Feds.G, Ani$+" +nd 2e/e%+B"e Pr%eins in Li!id
Me%+B"is$ +nd A%)ersciersis, !. JO8PO. Ne3 ?r@, N?. A"+n R.
Liss, Inc., JORQ.
111. Vri%c)e*s@y D, Te!!er SA, Cy+rnec@y SV, Ai c"+B.
A%)er/enici%y # +ni$+" +nd *e/e%+B"e !r%ein. In#"(ence # %)e
"ysine % +r/inine r+%in>. AT5EROSCIEROSIS PJ FJOR9GI P9O8
PQJ.
112. Gr6si$i"e din +"i$en%+.ie !% #i e<!ri$+%e c+ !rcen%e din
c+n%i%+%e+ %%+"6 + )r+nei s+( c+ !rcen% +" c+"rii"r %%+"e.
M+'ri%+%e+ c$en%+%ri"r Ai cerce%6%ri"r e<!ri$6 /r6si$e+ c+
!rcen% din %%+"(" c+"ric de+rece ni cns($6$ =n !rinci!+" )r+n6
!en%r( + ne s+%is#+ce ne*i+ de c+"rii, n(
ne*i+ n+s%r6 !en%r( /re(%+%e cr!r+"6. Ti e( *i #+ce "+ #e" =n
+ce+s%6 c+r%e.
113. N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci". DIET, NUTRITION AND CANCER.
4+s)in/%n, DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JOR9.
114. Uni%ed S%+%es De!+r%$en% # 5e+"%) +nd 5($+n Ser*ices. T)e
S(r/en Gener+"[s Re!r% n N(%ri%in +nd 5e+"%). 4+s)in/%n, DCI
S(!erin%end+n% # Dc($en%, U.S. G*ern$en% Prin%in/ O##ice,
JORR.
115. N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci" +nd C$$i%%ee n Die% +nd 5e+"%).
DIET AND 5EALT5I IMPLICATIONS DOR REDUCING C5RONIC
DISEASE RISV. 4+s)in/%n, DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JORO.
116. Gr(! de "(cr(. DOOD, NUTRITION AND T5E PRE2ENTION OD
CANCER, A GLOBAL PERSPECTI2E. 4+s)in/%n, DCI A$eric+n
Ins%i%(%e #r C+ncer Rese+rc) 0 4r"d C+ncer Rese+rc) D(nd, JOO;.
117. E<ce!.ii"e inc"(d +ce"e +"i$en%e din c+re s8+( =n"6%(r+% =n $d
+r%i#ici+" /r6si$i"e, c($ +r #i "+!%e"e #6r6 /r6si$e.
118. Ar$s%rn/ D, Ai Di R. En*irn$en%+" #+c%rs +nd c+ncer
incidence +nd $r%+"i%y in di##eren% c(n%ries, 3i%) s!eci+" re#erence
% die%+ry !r+c%ices.> INT. d. CANCER JL FJO;LGI SJ;8SQJ.
119. U.S. Sen+%e. Die%+ry /+"s #r %)e Uni%ed S%+%es, 9nd edi%in>.
4+s)in/%n DCI U.S. G*ern$en% Prin%in/ O##ice, JO;;.
120. C$$i%%ee n Die% N(%ri%in +nd C+ncer. DIET, NUTRITION
AND CANCERI DIRECTIONS DOR RESEARC5. 4+s)in/%n, D.C.I
N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JORQ.
121. M+i e<is%6 (n n($6r de +"%e dec"+r+.ii !ri*ind !"i%ici"e Ai *+s%e
s%(dii ($+ne c+re +( #s% =nce!(%e c+$ =n +ce"+Ai %i$! Ai c+re +*e+(
s6 #ie $("% c$en%+%e de c6%re !(B"ic, #iind dc($en%+%e Ai0s+(
in%er!re%+%e =n re"+.ie c( /r6si$i"e +"i$en%+re Ai +ces%e B"i. Aces%e+
+( inc"(s ini.iere+ (nei serii de r+!+r%e !ri*ind Rec$+nd6ri"e
Die%e%ice din S.U.A. =nce!(%e =n JOR:, S%(di(" de "+ 5+r*+rd c(
!ri*ire "+ S6n6%+%e+ S(rri"r Medic+"e din JORP, r+!+r%e"e ini.i+"e
+"e S%(di("(i Dr+$in/8)+$ +s(!r+ Ini$ii =n +nii [S:, Se*en
C(n%ries S%(dy +" "(i Ancei Veys, M("%i!"e Ris@ D+c%r
In%er*en%in FMRDITG Ai +"%e"e.
122. C+rr" VV, Br+den LM, Be"" ,A, Ai c"+B. D+% +nd c+ncer>.
CANCERLR FJORSGI JRJR8JR9L.
123. Dr+s+r BS Ai Ir*in/ D. En*irn$en%+" #+c%rs +nd c+ncer # %)e
c"n +nd Bre+s%>I BR.,. CANCER 9; FJO;QGI JS;8J;9.
124. 5+ensCe" 4, Ai V(ri)+r+ M. S%(dies # ,+!+nese Mi/r+n%sI
$r%+"i%y #r$ c+ncer +nd %)er dise+se +$n/ ,+!+nese +nd %)e
Uni%ed S%+%es.> 0 NATL CANCER INSTP: FJOSRGI PQ8SR.
125. 5i//insn G, Ai M(ir CS. E!ide$i"/y in C+ncer.> InI ,.D.
5""+nd Ai E. Drei Feds.G CANCER MEDICINE, !. 9PJ8Q:S.
P)i"+de"!)i+, PAI Le+ AiDeBi/er, JO;Q.
126. Cre"+.i+ din%re +!r%(" de /r6si$i Ai ce" de !r%eine de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 es%e de RP^ !%. /r+$e de /r6si$i cns($+%e Ai ;:^ !en%r(
/r6si$i c+ !rcen%e din c+"rii.
127. Ve"sey ,L, G+$$n MD, Ai Es%)er M,. Re!rd(c%i*e #+c%rs
+nd Bre+s% c+ncer.> EPIDEMIOL. RE2S. JL FJOOQGI QS8P;.
128. De S%+*"+ BL, 4+n/ D?, A""en DS, Ai c"+B. T)e +ssci+%in
# )ei/)%, 3ei/)%, $ens%r(+" +nd re!rd(c%i*e e*en%s 3i%) Bre+s%
c+ncerI res("%s #r$ %3 !rs!ec%i*e s%(dies n %)e is"+nd #
G(ernsey FUVG>. CANCER CAUSES AND CONTROL P FJOOQGI
QQJ8QP:
129. R+(%+"+)%i M, A"B+nes D, 2ir%+$ ,, Ai c"+B. Li#e%i$e
$ens%r(+" +c%i*i%y 8indic+%r # Bre+s% c+ncer ris@>. FJOOQGI J;89L.
130. N( + #s% !siBi" de%ec%+re+ din !(nc% de *edere s%+%is%ic +
*re(nei +scieri + ni*e"(ri"r de )r$ni din s7n/e c( risc(" de
c+ncer de s7n =n c+dr(" +ces%(i /r(! de #e$ei, de+rece +n+"iCe"e "r
de s7n/e +( #s% "(+%e =n $$en%e "+ =n%7$!"+re =n c+dr(" cic"(ri"r
"r $ens%r(+"e, i+r r+%e"e de c+ncer de s7n er+( +%7% de red(se,
red(c+nd(8se +s%#e" "+ $ini$($ !siBi"i%+%e+ de + de%ec%+
+se$ene+ +sciere, c)i+r d+c6 +r #i re+"6.
131. Vey T,A, C)en ,, 4+n/ D?, Ai c"+B. Se< )r$nes in 3$en
in r(r+" C)in+ +nd in Bri%+in.> BRIT.n. CANCER DL FJOO:GI SQJ8
SQS.
132. AceA%i Bi$+r@eri inc"(d c(!r(" din !"+s$6, +C%(" din (ree,
es%r+di"(", !r"+c%in+, %es%s%ern(" Ai, in*ers, )r$n(" de se< ce
"e+/6 /"B("in+, #iec+re din ei #iind c(nsc(.i c+ +sciind(8se c(
+!r%(" de !r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 din s%(dii"e +n%eri+re.
133. Pen%r( #iBre"e +"i$en%+re %%+"e FTDDG $edii"e !en%r( C)in+ Ai
SUA +( #s% QQ,Q Ai res!ec%i* JJ,J /r+$e !e Ci. 2+ri+.ii"e $edii"r
s(n% =n%re A,A Ai ;;,S /r+$e !e Ci =n C)in+, =n c$!+r+.ie c( 9,P89S,S
/r+$e !e Ci !en%r( O:^ din%re B6rB+.ii +$eric+ni de *7rs%6 $edie.
134. Cre"+.i+ !en%r( !r%eine din !"+n%e + #s% de m:,LQ--- Ai !en%r(
!r%eine de ri/ine +ni$+"6 + #s% de m:,9.
135. =n !rinci!i(, #"sind !re*+"en%+ c+ncer("(i =n c+dr("
#+$i"ii"r> de+rece e*+"(+re+ reC("%+%e"r cn%r"e+C6 $+i e#icien%
di*erse"e c+(Ce de c+ncer c+re se +sci+C6 c( di#eri%e #e"(ri de
c+ncer, !er$i.7nd +s%#e" s%(di(" (n(i e#ec% iC"+% +" #+c%r("(i
+"i$en%+r.
136. G( 4, Li ,, B"% 4,, Ai c"+B. Crre"+%ins # die%+ry in%+@e
+nd B"d n(%rien% "e*e"s 3i%) es!)+/e+" c+ncer $r%+"i%y in
C)in+>. NUTR. C+ncer JQ FJOO:GI J9J 8J9;.
137. E#ec%e"e =n %%+"i%+%e +"e +ces%r +n%i<id+n.i s"(Bi"i =n /r6si$i
!% #i de$ns%r+%e n($+i +%(nci c7nd cncen%r+.ii"e +n%i<id+n.i"r
s(n% +'(s%+%e !en%r( ni*e"(ri de LDL !en%r( s(Biec.i indi*id(+"i.
Aces% "(cr( n( er+ c(nsc(% "+ d+%+ in*es%i/+.iei, de +cee+ n( s8+(
"(+% $6s(ri !en%r( +ce+s%6 +'(s%+re.
138. Vne""er R4, G( 4, 5sin/ A4, Ai c"+B. Risc #+c%rs #r
s%$+c) c+ncer in si<%y8#i*e C)inese c(n%ies>. CANCER EPI.
B"OMARVERS PRE2. J FJOO9GI JJQ8JJR.
139. In#r$+%in P"(s. NUTRITIONI A VE? TO GOOD 5EALT5.
4y"ie, TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
140. 4es%$+n EC, ?+ncy 4S, Ed$+n ,S, Ai c"+B. C+rB)y dr+%e
Die% Pr/r+$.> A$. ,.Med.5QF9::9GIQ:8QS.
141. A%@ins RC. DR. ATVINS[ NE4 D"ET RE2OLUTION. Ne3
?r@, N?I A*n B@s, JOOO.
142. 4ri/)% ,D, Vennedy8S%e!)ensn ,, 4+n/ C?, Ai c"+B. Trends
in In%+@e # Ener/y +nd M+cr8n(%rien%s8Uni%ed S%+%es, JO;J8
9:::>. MORBIDIT? AND MORTALIT? 4EEVL?
REPORT LQ FS DEBRUARIE, 9::PGI R:8R9.
143. N+@es M, Ai C"i# %n PM. 4ei/)% "ss +nd !"+s$+ "i!ids>.
CURR. OPIN. LIPIDOL. JJ F9:::GISL8;:.
144. Bi"sBr(/) SA, Ai Cr3e TC. L38c+rB)y dr+%e die%sI 3)+%
+re %)e !%en.i+" s)r%8+nd "n/8%er$)e+"%) i$!"ic+%ins? Asi+ PAC.
,. CLIN. NUTR. J9 F9::QGI QOS8P:P.
145. S%e*ens A, RBinsn DP, T(r!in ,, Ai c"+B. S(dden c+rdi+c
de+%) # +n +d"escen% d(rin/ die%in/>. SOUT5. MED. d. OL F9::9GI
J:P;8J:PO.
146. P+%%y A. L38c+rB #+d c"+i$s %een[s "i#e 8 S%+r die% B"+$ed in
de+%).> T5E DAIL? TELEGRAP5 FSidney, A(s%r+"i+G 9 n*. 9::9IJ:.
147. A%@ins, JOOO. !+/. 9;L
148. A%@ins !re%inde c6 (n cc@%+i" +n%i<id+n% !+%e !r%e'+
=$!%ri*+ B"ii de ini$6, c+ncer("(i Ai =$B6%r7nirii,
!re%en.ie c$B6%(%6 de $+i $("%e e<!eri$en%e recen%
e#ec%(+%e F*eCi c+!. JJG.
149. A%@ins, JOOO, !. J:Q.
150. Bne ,. Die% dc%r A%@ins ,Bese[, )+d )e+r% !rB"e$sI crner.
4id3 +n/ri"y denies %)+% !!nen%s[ c"+i$s %)+% )e+r% cndi%in
c+(sed By cn%r*ersi+" die%>. OTTA4A CITIKEN JJ #eB. 9::PI A" J.
151. C+$!Be"" TC. Ener/y B+"+nceI in%er!re%+%in # d+%+ #r$ r(r+"
C)in+.> TOUICOLOGICAL SCIENCES FJOOOGI R;8OP.
152. 5ri D, ?(n/$+n LD, Be"" RC, Ai c"+B. T)er$/enesis, "38
!r%ein die%s, +nd decre+sed de*e"!$en% # ADBJ8ind(ced
!rene!"+s%ic #ci in r+% "i*er>. NUT*9 CANCER JS FJOOJGI QJ8PJ.
Vrie/er E, ?(n/$+n LD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. T)e $d("+8%in #
+#"+%<in FADBJG ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic "esins By die%+ry !r%ein
+nd *"(n%+ry e<ercise in Disc)er QPP r+%s> 9,AS=)J6 FJORRGI QQ:P
ABs.
153. Ascieri"e ci%+%e de +!r%(ri %%+"e de !r%eine +ni$+"e Ai *e/e%+"e
s(n% "(+%e din $+n(scrise c+re s(n% =n c(rs de re*iC(ire.
154. C+$!Be"" TC, C)en ,, Li( C, Ai c"+B. Nn8+ssci+%in #
+#"+%<in 3i%) !ri$+ry "i*er c+ncer in + crss8sec%in+" ec"/ic
s(r*ey in %)e Pe!"e[s Re!(B"ic # C)in+>. CANCER *=S9 L:FJOO:GI
SRR98SROQ.
PARTEA + " i +
C+!i%"(" L
155. Ad+$s CDI 53 $+ny %i$es des y(r )e+r%
Be+% !er ye+r?> Acces+% 9: c%.
9::Q "+
)%%!I00333.s%r+i/)%d!e.c$0c"+ssics0+"8:RR+.)%$"
156. N+%in+" 5e+r%, L(n/, +nd B"d Ins%i%(%e. MrBidi%y +nd
Mr%+"i%yI 9::9 C)+r% B@ n C+rdi*+sc("+r, L(n/ +nd B"d
Dise+se.> Be%)esd+, MDI N+%in+" Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%), 9::9.
157. A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in. 5e+r% Dise+se +nd S%r@e S%+%is%ics
8 9::Q U!d+%e.> D+""+s, TUI A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in, 9::9.
158. Br+(n3+"d E. S)+%(c@ "ec%(re8c+rdi+sc("+r $edicine +% %)e %(rn
# %)e $i""en8ni($I %ri($!)s, cncerns +nd !!r%(ni%ies.>
NE4ENGL. d. /=D9 QQ; FJOO;GI JQS:8JQSO.
159. A$eric+n C+ncer Scie%yI C+ncer D+c%s +nd Di/(res8JOOR>.
A%"+n%+, GAI A$eric+n C+ncer Scie%y, JOOR.
160. Andersn RN. De+%)sI "e+din/ c+(ses #r 9:::.> NATIONAL
2ITAL STATISTICS REPORTS L:FJSG F9::9G.
161. Ens 4E, 5"$es R5 Ai Beyer ,. Crn+ry dise+se +$n/
Uni%ed S%+%es s"diers @i""ed in +c%in in Vre+.> ,AMAJL9 FJOLQGI
J:O:8J:OQ.
162. Esse"s%yn C,. Res"*in/ %)e crn+ry +r%ery dise+se e!ide$ic
%)r(/) !"+n%8B+sed n(%ri%in.> PRE2. CARDIOH. P F9::JGI J;J8
J;;.
163. An%$+n EM, Ai Br+(n3+"d E. Ac(%e $yc+rdi+" in#+rc%in.>
=nI E. Br+(n3+"d Fed.G, 5EART DISEASE, A TEUTBOOV OD
CARDIO2ASCULAR DISEASE, *i. II Fedi.i+ + cince+G, !. JJRP8J9RR.
P)i"+de"!)i+I 4.B. S+(nders C$!+ny, JOO;.
164. Esse"s%yn C,. Lec%(reI Re*ersin/ )e+r% dise+se>. L dec. 9::9,
I%)+c+, N?I Crne"i Uni*ersi%y09::9.
165. A$Brse , A, Ai D(s%er 2. C+n 3e !redic% #(%(re +c(%e
crn+ry e*en%s in !+%ien%s 3i%) s%+B"c crn+ry +r%ery dise+se?>
,AMA 9;; FJOO;GI QPQ8QPP.
166. Drres%er ,S Ai S)+) PV. Li!id "3erin/ *ers(s
re*+sc("+riC+%inI +n ide+ 3)se %i$e F#r %es%in/G n+s c$e.
C"RCULAT"ON OS FJOO;GI JQS:8JQS9.
167. N3 n+$ed %)e N+%in+" 5e+r%, L(n/ +nd B"d Ins%i%(%e # %)e
N+%in+" Ins%i8%(%es # 5e+"%) in Be%)esd+, M+ry"+nd.
168. G#$+n, , 4, Lind/ren D, E""i% 5, Ai c"+B. T)e r"e # "i!ids
+nd "i!!r%eins in +%)ersc"ersis>. SCIENCE IU FJOL:GI JSS.
169. V+nne" 4B, D+3Ber TR, V+/+n A, Ai c"+B. D+c%rs # ris@ in
%)e de*e"!$en% # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se 8si<8ye+r #""38(!
e<!erience>. ANN. INTERNAI MEDI. LL FJOSJGI QQ8L:.
170. ,"i##e N, Ai Arc)er M. S%+%is%ic+" +ssci+%ins Be%3een
in%ern+.in+" crn+ry )e+r% dise+se r+%es +nd cer%+in en*irri$en%+"
#+c%rs>. ,. C5RONIC D"S. O FJOLOGI SQS8SL9.
171. Scri$/e(r EM, McC+"" MG, S$i%) DE Ai c"+B. Le*e"s #
ser($ c)"es%er", %ri/"yceride, 5DL c)"es%er", +!"i!!r%eins A8
" +nd B, +nd !"+s$+ /"(cse, +nd !re*+"ence # di+s%"ic
)y!er%ensin +nd ci/+re%%e s$@in/ in P+!(+ G(ine+ 5i/)"+nders>.
PAT5OLOG?9j FJOROGI PS8L:.
172. C+$!Be"" TC, P+r!i+ B Ai C)en ,. Die%, "i#es%y"e, +nd %)e
e%i"/y # crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI T)e Crne"i C)in+ S%(dy>. AM.
,. CARDIOL. R9 FJOORGI JRT89JT.
173. V+/+n A, 5+rris BR, 4in@e"s%ein 4, Ai c"+B. E!ide$i"/ie
s%(dies # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se +nd s%r@e in ,+!+nese $en
"i*in/ in ,+!+n, 5+3+ii +nd C+"i#rni+.> 0. C5RONICD"S. 9;
FJO;PGI QPL8QSP.
174. V+% 5, Ti""%sn ,, Nic)+$+n MK, Ai c"+B. E!ide$i"/ie
s%(dies # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se +nd s%r@e in ,+!+nese $en "i*in/
in ,+!+n, 5+3+ii +nd C+"i#rni+I ser($ "i!ids +nd die%.> A. j.
EPIDEMIOL. O; FJO;QGI Q;98QRL.
175. Mrrisn LM. Ar%erisc"ersis>. 0AMA JPL FJOLJGI J9Q98
J9QS.
99. Mrrisn LM. Die% in crn+ry +%)ers"ersis>. ,AMAJ;Q
FJOS:GI RRP8RRR.
176. Lyn TP, ?+n@ey A, G#$+n ,4, Ai c"+B. Li!!r%eins +nd
die% in crn+ry )e+r% dise+se>. CALIDORNIA MED. RP FJOLSGI
Q9L8Q9R.
177. GiBney M,, Ai Vri%c)e*s@y D, eds.. CURRENT TOPICS IN
NUTRITION AND DISEASE, 2OI. RI ANIMAL AND 2EGETABLE
PROTEINS IN LIPID METABOLISM AND AT5EROSLEROSIS. Ne3
?r@I A"+nR.Liss, Inc. JORQ.
178. Sir%ri CR, Nsed+ G Ai Desc*ic) GC. S%(dies n %)e (se # +
syBe+n !r%ein die% #r %)e $+n+/e$en% # )($+n
)y!er"i!!r%ine$i+s.> InI ,. GiBney Ai D. Vri%c)e*s@y Fedi%G,
CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRITION AND DISEASE, 2OI. RI ANIMAL AND
2EGE8TABLE PROTEINS IN LIPID METABOLISM AND
AT5EROSLEROSIS, !. JQL8JPR. Ne3 ?r@, N?I A"+n R.Liss,Inc.
JORQ.
179. G.S. Myers, c$(nic+re !ersn+"6, ci%+% de Gr$ D.
P!("+%ins s%(dies # +%)ersc"ersis>. ANN. INTERNAI MED.
LLFJOSJGI LJ8S9.
180. Cen%ers #r Dise+se Cn%r". S$@in/ +nd 5e+"%)I + n+.in+"
s%+%(s re!r%.> MORBIDIT? AND MORTALIT? 4EEVL? REPORT QL
FJORSGI ;:O8;JJ.
181. Cen%ers #r Dise+se Cn%r". Ci/+rer%e s$@in/ +$n/ +d("%s8
Uni%ed S%+%es, 9:::G.> MORBIDIT? AND MORTALIT? 4EEVL?
REPORT LJ F9::9GI SP98SPL.
182. A'(s%+% =n #(nc.ie de *7rs%6, *7rs%+ 9L8;P.
183. M+r3ic@ C. Crn+ry By!+ss /r+#%in/ ecn$ics, inc"(din/
re)+Bi"i%+%in. C$$en%+ry>. CURR. OPIN. CARDIOL. O FJOOPGI
SQL8SP:.
184. P+/. JQJO =n Gers) B,, Br+(n3+"d E Ai R(%)er#rd ,D.
C)rnic crn+ry +r%ery dise+se> =nI E. Br+3n3+"d Fed.G, 5e+r%
Dise+seI A Te<%B@ # c+rdi*+sc("+r Medicine, *i. 9 FEdi.i+ +
cince+G, !. J9RO8JQSL, P)i"+de"!)i+, PAI 4.B. S+(nders, JOO;.
185. Ornis) D. A*idin/ re*+sc("+riC+%in 3i%) "i#es%y"e c)+n/esI
%)e M("%icen%er Li#es%y"e De$ns%r+5n !r'ec%>. AM.G.
CARDIOL. R9 FJOORGI ;9T8;ST.
186. S)+3 P,, B+%es D, C+r%"id/e NED, Ai c"+B. E+r"y in%e""ec%(+"
dys#(nc%in #""3in/ crn+ry By!+ss s(r/ery.> iUARTERL? d.
MED. LR FJORSGI LO8SR.
187. C+$ern A AC, 2+*is VB Ai R/ers 4,. Rec(rrence # +n/in+
+#%er crn+ry By!+ss s(r/ery. Predic%rs +nd !r/nsis FCASS
re/is%ryG.> 0. AM. COLI. CARDIOL. 9S FJOOLGI ROL8ROO.
188. P+/. JQ9: =n Gers) B,, Br+(n3+"d E Ai R(%)er#rd ,D.
C)rnic crn+ry +r%ery dise+se> =nI E. Br+3n3+"d Fed.G, 5e+r%
Dise+seI A Te<%B@ # c+rdi*+sc("+r Medicine, *i. 9 FEdi.i+ +
cince+G, !. J9RO8JQSL, P)i"+de"!)i+, PAI 4.B. S+(nders, JOO;.
189. Vir@"in ,4, N+#%e" DC, B"+c@s%ne E5, Ai c"+B. S($$+ry # +
cnsens(s cncernin/ de+%) +nd isc)e$ic e*en%s +#%er crn+ry
+r%ery By!+ss /r+#%in/>. C"RCULATION ;O FS(!!" JG FJOROGIJRJ8
JOJ.
190. P+/. JQSR8O=n Linc## AM AiT!" E,. In%er*en%in+"
c+(%eriC+%in %ec)nia(es>. =nI E Br+(n3+"d FedG, 5e+r% Dise+seI A
Te<%B@ # C+rdi*+sc("+r Medicine, !. JQLL8JQOJ. P)i"+de"!)i+,
PAI 4.B. S+(nders, JOO;.
191. 5irs)#e"d, Sc)3+r%C ,S, ,(/ R, Ai c"+B. Res%ensis +#%er
crn+ry +n/i!"+s%yI + $("%i*+ri+%e s%+%is%ic+" $de" % rei+%e "esin
+nd !rced(re *+ri+B"es % res%ensis.> 0. AM. COLI. CARDIOL. JR
FJOOJGI SP;8SLS.
192. In#r$+%in P"(s. NUTRITIONI A VE? TO GOOD 5EALT5.
4y"ies, TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
193. N+i#e) S4. T)e Bes% Dc%rs in A$eric+, JOOP8JOOL. Ai@en,
S.C. 4d3+rd \ 4)i%e,JOOP.
194. Esse"s%yn CB, ,r. Dre3+rdI c)+n/in/ %)e %re+%$en% !+r+di/$
#r crn+ry +r%ery dise+se> .AM.n. CARDIOL. R9 FJOORGI 9T8PT.
195. Esse"s%yn CB, E""is SG, Medendr! S2 Ai c"+B. A s%r+%e/y %
+rres% +nd re*erse crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI + L8ye+r "n/i%(din+"
s%(dy # + sin/"e !)ysici+n[s !r+c%ice.> 0. DAMIL? PRACTICEIH
FJOOLGI LS:8LSR.
196. Esse"s%yn C,. In%rd(c%inI $re %)+n crn+ry +r%ery dise+se>
.AM.n. CARDIOL. R9 FJOORGILT8OT.
197. C(r/ere+ s7n/e"(i +re "e/6%(r6 c( + !+%r+ !(%ere + r+di("(i.
As%#e" red(cere de A+!%e !rcen%e =nse+$n6 +!r<i$+%i*
c(r/ere + s7n/e"(i c( Q:^ $+i $+re, deAi n( es%e !siBi" + B.ine
!rin c+"c( J de%er$in+re $+i !recis6 + +ces%(i n($6r.
198. Disc(.ie !ersn+"6 c( Dr. Esse"s%yn, JL.:O.:Q.
199. Ornisn D, Br3n SE, Sc)er3i%C L4 Ai c"+B. C+n "i#es%y"e
c)+n/es re*erse crn+ry )e+r% dise+se?> LANCET QQS FJOO:GI J9O8
JQQ.
200. R+%"i## NB. O# rice, /r+in, +nd Ce+"I "essns #r$ Drs. Ve$!ner
+nd Esse"s%yn . CLE2ELAND CLIN.n. MED. S; F9:::GI LSL8LSS.
201. A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in. A5A Die%+ry G(ide"ines. Re*isin
9:::I A S%+%e$en% #r 5e+"%)c+re Pr#essin+"s #r$ %)e N(%ri%in
C$$i%%ee # %)e A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in.> C"RCULATION
J:9 F9:::GI 99OS89QJJ.
202. N+%in+" C)"es%er" Ed(c+%in Pr/r+$. T)ird re!r% # %)e
N+%in+" C)"es%er" Ed(c+%in Pr/r+$ FNCEPG e<!er% !+ne" n
de%ec%in, e*+"(+%in +nd %re+%$en% # )i/) B"d c)"es%er" in
+d("% F+d("% %re+%$en% !+ne" IIIGI e<ec(%i*e s($$+ry.> Be%)esd+,
MDI N+%in+" Ins%ir(%es # 5e+"%), 9::J.
L:. C+s%e""i4.T+@e%)is"e%%er%y(rdc%r>I PRE2ENTIONPR
FJOOSGISJ8SP.
LJ. Sc)("er G, 5+$Brec)% R, Sc)"ier# G, Ai c"+B. Re/("+r
e<ercise +nd "38#+% die%.> C"RCULATION RS FJOO9GI J8JJ.
C+!i%"(" S
203. D"e/+" VM, C+rr"" MD, O/den CL, Ai c"+B. Pre*+"ence +nd
%rends in Besi%y +$n/ +d("%e, JOOO89:::>. nAMA 9RR F9::9GI
J;9Q8J;9;.
204. O/den CL, D"e/+" VM, C+rr"" MD, Ai c"+B. Pre*+"ence +nd
%rends in *er83ei/)% +$n/ US c)i"dren +nd +d"escen%e>.
,AMA9RR F9::9GI J;9R8J;Q9.
205. Die%y 45. 5e+"%) cnsea(ences # Besi%y in y(%)I c)i"d)d
!redic%rs # +d("% dise+se>. PEDIATRICS J:J FJOORGI LJR8L9L.
206. Dn%+ine VR, Ai B+r@s@y I. OBesi%y +nd )e+"%)8re"+%ed a(+"i%y
# "i#e.> OBESIT? RE2. 9 F9::JGI J;Q8JR9.
207. C"di%y GA. Ecn$ic cs%e # Besi%y +nd in+c%i*i%y>. MED,
SCI. SPORTS EUERC. QJ FJOOOGISSSQ8SSS;.
208. Adc< S. Ne3 s%+%e "+3 see@s % c(% d3n Besi%y>. IT5ACA
,OURNAL, 9J se!%. 9::9I LA.
209. E""is DR Ai Mn%e/ri## 2ME. 2e/+nis$, c"inic+" #indin/s +nd
in*es%i/+%ins>. AM.n. CLIN. NUTR. 9Q FJO;:GI 9PO89LL.
210. Berensn, G, Srini*+s+n S, B+ 4, Ne3$+n 4.P.r., Tr+cy R.E.,
Ai 4+%%in/ney 4.A. Assci+%in Be%3een $("%i!"e c+rdi*+sc("+r
ris@ #+c%rs +nd +%)ersciersis % c)i"dren +nd y(n/ +d("%s. T)e
B/+"(s+ 5e+r% S%(dy.> NE4ENGL. 0. MED., QQRIJSL:8JSLS,JOOR.
211. Vey T,, Dr+ser GE, T)r/d M, Ai c"+B. Mr%+"i%y in
*e/e%+ri+ns +nd nn8*e/e%+ri+nsI de%+i"ed #indin/s #r$ +
c""+Br+%i*e +n+"ysis # L !rs!ec%i*e s%(dies.> AM. ,. CLIN. NUTR.
;: FS(!!".G FJOOOGI LJSS8L9PS.
212. Ber/+n ,G Ai Br3n PT. N(%ri.in+" s%+%(s # ne3>
*e/e%+ri+ns.> 0. AM. DIET. ASSOC. ;S[FJOR:GI JLJ8JLL.
213. A!!"eBy PN, T)r/d M, M+rin ,, Ai c"+B. L3 Bdy $+ss
inde< in nn8$e+% e+%ersI %)e !ssiB"e r"es # +ni$+" #+%, die%+ry
#iBre, +nd +"c)".> INT. j. OBES. 99 FJOORGI PLP8PS:.
214. D3yer ,T. 5e+"%) +s!ec%s # *e/e%+ri+n die%s.> AM. 0. CLIN.
NUTR.PRFJORRGI;J98;QR.
215. Vey T,, Ai D+*ey G. Pre*+"ence # Besi%y is "3 in !e!"e
3) d n% e+% $e+%>. BRIT. MED. ,OUM. QJQ FJOOSGI RJS8RJ;.
216. S)in%+ni TT, 5(/)es CV, Bec@)+$ S, Ai c"+B. OBesi%y +nd
c+rdi*+sc("+r ris@ in%er*en%in %)r(/) %)e +d "iBi%($ # %r+di.in+"
5+3+ii+n die%.> AM. d. CLIN. NUTR. LQ FJOOJGI JSP;S8JSLJS.
217. B+$+rd R,. E##ec%s # "i#es%y"e $di#ic+%in n ser($ "i!ids.>
ARC5. INTERN. MED. JLJ FJOOJGI JQRO8JQOP.
218. McD(/+"" ,, Li%C+( V, 5+*er E, Ai c"+B. R+!id red(c%in #
ser($ c)"es%er" +nd B"d !ress(re By + %3e"*e8d+y, *ery "3 #+%,
s%ric%"y *e/e%+ri+n die%.> 0. AM. COLI. NUTR. JP FJOOLGI POJ8P^.
219. Ornis) D, Sc)3i%C L4, Ddy RS, Ai c"+B. E##ec%s # s%ress
$+n+/e$en% %r+inin/ +nd die%+ry c)+n/es in %re+%in/ isc)e$ic )e+r%
dise+se.> ,AMA 9PO FJORQGI LP8LO.
220. S)in%+ni TT, Bec@)+$ S, Br3n AC, Ai c"+B. T)e 5+3+ii+n
die%I +d "iBi%($ )i/) c+rB)ydr+%e, "3 #+% $("%i8c("%(r+" die% #r %)e
red(c%in # c)rnic dise+se ris@ #+c%rsI Besi%y, )y!er%ensin,
)y!erc)"es%er"e$i+, +nd )y!er/"yce$i+>. 5A4AIIAN MED. ,OURN.
S: F9::JGI SO8;Q.
221. Nic)"sn AS, S@"+r M, B+rn+rd ND, Ai c"+B. T3+rd
i$!r*ed $+n+/e$en% # NIDDMI + r+nd$iCed, cn%r""ed, !i"%
in%er*en%in (sin/ + "3 #+%, *e/e%+ri+n die%.> PRE2. MED. 9O
FJOOOGI R;8OJ.
222. Ornis) D, Sc)er3i%C L4, Bi""in/s ,5, Ai c"+B. In%ensi*e
"i#es%y"e c)+n/es #r re*ers+" # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se>. 0AMA 9R:
FJOORGI 9::J89::;.
223. As%r(! A, T(Br S, R+Ben A, Ai c"+B. T)e r"e # "38#+%
die%s +nd #+% s(Bs%i%(%es in Bdy 3ei/)% $+n+/e$en%I 3)+% )+*e 3e
"e+rned #r$ c"inic+" s%(dies?> 0. AM. D"ET. ASSOC. O; Fs(!!".G
FJOO;GI SR98SR;.
224. D(nc+n V5, B+cn ,A, Ai 4einnsier RL. T)e e##ec%s # )i/)
+nd "3 ener/y densi%y die%s n s+%ie%y, ener/y in%+@e, +nd e+%in/
%i$e # Bese +nd nn8Bese s(B'ec%s . AM. ,.CLIN. NUTR. Q;
FJORQGI ;SQ8;S;.
225. 5e+%n V4. Dd #iBer +s +n Bs%+c"e % ener/y in%+@e>.
LANCET FJO;QGI JPJR8JP9J.
226. Le*in N, R+%%+n ,, Ai Gi"+% T. Ener/y in%+@e +nd Bdy 3ei/)% in
*8I+c% *e/e%+ri+ns.> 0. C"in, GASTROENETEROL. R FPLJ8PLQ.
227. C+$!Be"" TC. Ener/y B+"+nceI in%er!re%+%in # d+%+ #r$ r(r+"
C)in+>. TOUICOLOGICAL SCIENCES L9 FJOOOGI R;8OP.
228. Pe)"$+n ET, Arcier P,, Me"By CL, Ai c"+B. Res%in/
$e%+B"ic r+%e +nd !s%!r+ndi+" %)er$/enesis in *e/e%+ri+ns +nd
nn*e/e%+ri+ns>. AM.d. CLIN. NUTR.PR FJORRGI 9:O89JQ.
229. S%(di(" "(i Pe)"$+n Ai c"+B. + +r6%+% (n cns($ $+re de
<i/en Ai r+%6 $+i =n+"%6 + $e%+B"is$("(i =n !eri+d+ de di)n6,
d+r + #s% =n $d /reAi% in%er!re%+% de +(%ri. Ti ni +$ +*(% reC("%+%e
si$i"+re c( AB"+nii de e<!eri$en%.
230. D/e")"$ M, Ai V(@@nne85+r'("+ V. Des !)ysic+" +c%i*i%y
!re*en% 3ei/)% /+in 8 + sys%e$+%ic re*ie3>. OBESIT? RE2. J
F9:::GI OL8JJJ.
231. R+*(sssin E, Li""i'+ S, Andersn TE, Ai c"+B. De%er$in+n%s
# 9P8)(r ener/y e<!endi%(re in $+n. Me%)ds +nd res("%s (sin/
res!ir+%ry c)+$Ber.> 0. CLIN. IN2EST. ;R FJORSGI JLSR8JL;R.
232. T)rB(rn A4 Ai Prie%% ,. Bi"/ic+" de%er$in+n%s #
s!n%+ne(s !)ysic+" +c%i*i%y>. OBesi%y Re*. F9:::GI R;8OP.
233. Vrie/er E, ?(n/$+n LD, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. T)e $d("+%in #
+#"+%<in FADBJG ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic "esins By die%+ry !r%ein
+nd *"(n%+ry e<ercise in Disc)erQPPr+%s.> DASEB 0. 9 FJORRGI QQ:P
ABs.
234. 5es)@+ S, Ai A""isn DB. =s Besi%y + dise+se?> INT. d.
OBESIT?REL. DIS. 9L F9::JGI JP:J8JP:P.
235. V!e"$+n PG, Ai Diner N. Re!"yI is Besi%y + dise+se?> INT.G.
OBESIT? 9L F9::JGI JP:L8JP:S.
236. C+$!Be"" TC. Are y( /enes )+C+rd(s % y(r )e+"%)?>
NUT*ITIGN ADEGCAT= J FJOOLGI J89,R.
237. C+$!Be"" TC. Gene%ic seeds # dise+se. 53 % Be+% %)e dds.>
NUT*ITIGN Ai3c+%e" FJOOLGI J89,R.
238. C+$!Be"" TC. T)e [D+%Gene[ dre+$ $+c)ine>. NUT*ITIGN
AD2OCATE9FjOOSG8A89.
C+!i%"(" ;
239. M@d+d A5, Drd ES, B3$+n BA, Ai c"+B. Di+Be%es %rends in
U.S.I JOO:8JOOR.> DIA)=T=S CA*= 9Q F9:::GI J9;R8J9RQ.
240. Cen%ers #r Dise+se Cn%r" +nd Pre*en%in. N+%in+" Di+Be%es
D+c% S)ee%I Gener+" In#r$+%in +nd N+%in+" Es%i$+%es n Di+Be%es
in %)e Uni%ed S%+%es, 9:::>. A%"+n%+, GAI Cen%ers #r Dise+se
Cn%r" +nd Pre*en%in.
241. Gri##in VL. Ne3 "i#es%y"es, )!e #r @ids 3i%) di+Be%es.>
/IL^AU_== JGU*NAL S=NTIN=L 99 i("ie 9::IJG.
242. A$eric+n Di+Be%es Assci+%in. Ty!e 9 di+Be%es in c)i"dren +nd
+d"escen%s>. DIA)=T=S CA*=6H F9:::GI QRJ8QRO.
243. 5i$s3r%) 5P. Die% +nd %)e incidence # di+Be%es $e""i%(s.>
CLIN9 SCI9 9 FJOQLGI JJ;8JPR.
244. 4es% VM Ai V+"B#"eisc) ,M. G"(cCe %"er+nce, n(%ri%in +nd
di+Be%es in Ur(8/(+y, 2eneC(e"+, M+"+y+ +nd E+s% P+@is%+n>.
DIA)=T=S JL FJOSSGI O8JR.
245. 4es% VM Ai V+"B#"eisc) ,M. In#"(ence # n(%ri.in+" #+c%rs n
!re*+"ence # di+Be%es.> DIA)=T=S 9: FJO;JGI OO8J:R.
246. Dr+ser GE. Assci+%ins Be%3een die% +nd c+ncer, isc)e$ic
)e+r% dise+se, +nd +""8c+(se $r%+"i%y in nn85is!+nic 3)i%e
C+"i#rni+ Se*en%)8d+y Ad*en%is%s.> A/9 J9 CLIN9 NUT*9 ;:
FS(!!".G FJOOOGILQ9S8LQRS.
247. Sn3dn DA, Ai P)i""i!s RL. Des + *e/e%+ri+n die% red(ce %)e
cc(rrence # di+Be%es?> A/9 0. (U)L9 H=ALTH ;L FJORLGI L:;8LJ9.
248. Ts(ne)+r+ C5, Lene%%i DL, Ai D('i$% 4?. Die% # secnd
/ener+%in ,+!+nese8A$eric+n $en 3i%) +nd 3i%)(% nn8ins("in8
de!enden% di+Be%es.> A/9 `9 CLIN9 NUT*I9 L9 FJOO:GI ;QJ8;QR.
249. M+rs)+"" ,, 5+$$+n RD Ai B+<%er ,. 5i/)8#+%, "38c+rB)ydr+%e
die% +nd %)e e%i"/y # nn8ins("in8de!enden%
di+Be%es $e""ir(sI %)e S+n L(is 2+""ey S%(dy.> AM. d.
EPIDEMIOL. JQP FJOOJGI LO:8S:Q.
250. Vi%%+/+3+ T, O3+d+ M, Ur+@+$i T, Ai c"+B. Incre+sed
incidence # nn8ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(s +$n/
,+!+nese sc)"c)i"dren crre"+%es 3i%) +n incre+sed in%+@e #
+ni$+" !r%ein +nd #+%>. CLIN. PEDIATR. Q; FJOORGI JJJ8JJS.
251. Tr3e"" 5. Di+Be%es $e""i%(s de+%)8r+%es in En/"+nd +nd 4+"es
JO9:8JO;: +nd #d s(!!"ies.> LANCET FJO;PGI OOR8J::9.
252. Meyer VA, V(s)i L5, ,+@Bs DR, ,r Ai c"+B. C+rB)ydr+%es,
die%+ry #iBer +nd inciden% Ty!e 9 di+Be%es in "der 3$en.> AM. d.
CLIN. NUTRI. ;J F9:::GI O9J 8OQ:.
253. Andersn ,4. Die%+ry #iBer in n(%ri%in $+n+/e$en% #
di+Be%es.> =n.I G. 2+8n(n%y, 2 Ai D. Vri%c)e*c@y Fedi%G, DIETAR?
DIBERI BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS, !. QPQ8QS:. Ne3 ?r@I
P"en($ Press, JORS.
254. Andersn ,4, C)en 4L Ai Sie"in/ B. 5y!"i!ide$ic e##ec%s #
)i/)8c+rB8)ydr+%e, )i/)8#iBer die%s . METABOLISM 9O FJOR:GI
LLJ8LLR.
255. S%ry L, Andersn ,4, C)en 4L, Ai c"+B. Ad)erence % )i/)8
c+rB)ydr+%e, )i/)8#iBer die%sI "n/8%er$ s%(dies # nn8Bese
di+Be%ic $en.> GOUM. AM. DIET. ASSOC. RL FJORLGI JJ:L8JJJ:.
256. B+rn+rd R,, L+%%i$re L, 5""y RG, Ai c"+B. Res!nse # nn8
ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%ic !+%ien%s % +n in%ensi*e !r/r+$ # die%
+nd e<ercise.> DIABETES CARE L FJOR9GI Q;:8Q;P.
257. B+rn+rd R,, M+ssey MR, C)e$y S, Ai c"+B. Ln/.8%er$ (se #
)i/)8c$!"e<8c+rB)ydr+%e, )i/)8#iBer, "38#+% die% +nd e<ercise in
%)e %re+%$en% # NIDDM !+%ien%s>. Di+Be%es C+re S FJORQGI 9SR8
9;Q.
258. Andersn ,4, G(s%+#sn N,, Bry+n% CA Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #iBer
+nd di+Be%esI + c$!re)ensi*e re*i3 +nd !r+c%ic+i +!!"ic+%in.> 0.
AM. DIET. ASSOC. R; FJOR;GI JJRO8JJO;.
259. ,en@ins D,A, 4"e*er TMS, B+cn S Ai c"+B. Di+Be%ic die%sI
)i/) c+rB)ydr+%e c$Bined 3i%) )i/) #iBer.>. A$. ,. CLIN. NUTRI.
QQ FJOR:GI J;9O8J;QQ.
260. Di+Be%es Pre*en%in Pr/r+$ Rese+rc) Gr(!. Red(c%in in
%)e incidence # Ty!e 9 di+Be%es 3i%) "i#es%y"e in%er*en%in #
Me%#r$in.> NE4ENGI. d. MED. QPS F9::9GI QOQ8P:Q.
261. T($i"e)% ,, Linds%r$ ,, Eri@@sn ,G, Ai c"+B. Pre*en%in
# Ty!e 9 di+Be%es $e""i%(s By c)+n/es in "i#es%y"e +$n/
s(B'ec%s 3i%) i$!+ired /"(cse %"er+nce>. NE4 ENGL.,. MED. QPP
F9::JGI JQPQ8JQL:.
C+!i%"(" R
262. Es%r/en(" !reCen% =n #r$+ s+ "iBer6, ne"e/+%6.
263. Ac%i*i%+%e+ es%r/en("(i se d+%re+C6 $+i $("% dec7% (n(i sin/(r
+n+"/, =ns6 de Bicei se re#er6 "+ es%r+di". 2i #"si den($ire+
/ener+"6 de es%r/en> !en%r( + inc"(de %.i s%eriCii Ai )r$nii
#e$inini din +ce+s%6 c+%e/rie +"e c6rr e#ec%e $er/ =n !+r+"e" c(
+c%i*i%+%e+ es%r+di"("(i. O c+n%i%+%e $ic6 de %es%s%ern "+ #e$ei
+r+%6 de +se$ene+ +ce"+Ai e#ec%.
264. 4( A5, Pi@e MC, Ai S%r+$ DO. Me%+8+n+"ysisI die%+ry #+%
in%+@e, ser($ es%r/en "e*e"s, +nd %)e ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer.> 0. NAT.
CANCER INST. OJ FJOOOGI L9O8LQP.
265. Berns%ein L Ai Rss RV. End/en(s )r$nes +nd Bre+s%
c+ncer ris@>. EPIDE8MIOL. RE2S. JL FJOOQGI PR8SL.
266. Pi@e MC, S!icer D2, D+)$(s) L, Ai c"+B. Es%r/ens,
!r/es%/ens, nr$+" Bre+s% ce"" !r"i##er+%in, +nd Bre+s% c+ncer
ris@.> EPIDEMIOL. RE2S. JL FJOOQGI J;8QL.
267. Bcc)in#(s 4P, LindCey ,V, 5e3i%% SC, Ai c"+B. Ind(c%in #
$+$$+ry /"+nd de*e"!$en% in es%r/en rece!%r8+"!)+ @nc@(%
$ice . ENDOCRINOLOG?JPJ F9:::GI 9OR9899OP.
268. A%3d CS, 5*ey RC, G"*er ,P, Ai c"+B. Pr/es%erne
ind(ces side8Br+nc)in/ # %)e d(c%+" e!i%)e"i($ in %)e $+$$+ry
/"+nds # !eri!(Ber%+" $ice>. 0. ENDOCRINOL. JS; F9:::GI QO8L9.
269. Rse DP, Ai Pr(i%% BT. P"+s$+ !r"+c%in "e*e"s in !+%ien%s 3i%)
Bre+s% c+ncer>. CANCER PR FJORJGI 9SR;89SOJ.
270. Dr/+n ,D, Ln/c!e, S%e!)ensn 5E, ,r, Ai c"+B. Re"+%in #
!redi+/ns%ic ser($ es%r/en +nd +ndr/en "e*e"s % Bre+s% c+ncer
ris@>. CANCER EPIDEMIOL B"OMARVERSPRE2 L FJOOSGI LQQ8
LQO.
271. Dr/+n ,D, S%+ncC(@ DK, Ln/c!e C, Ai c+"B. Re"+%ins)i! #
ser($ de)ydre!i+ndrs%erne FD5EAG, D5EA s("#+%e, +nd L8
+$drs%ene8Q Be%+, J; Be%+8di" % ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer in
!s%$en!+(s+" 3$en>. CANCER EPIDEMIOL B"OMARVERS
PRE2 S FJOO;GI
272. T)$+s 52, Vey T,, A""en DS, Ai c"+B. A !rs!ec%i*e s%(dy #
end/ene(s ser($ )r$ne cncen%r+%ins +nd Bre+s% c+ncer ris@
in !s%8$en!+(s+" 3$en n %)e is"+nd # G(e$sey>. BRIT. ,.
CANCER ;S FJOO;GI PJ:8P:L.
273. 5+n@insn SE, 4i""e%% 4, M+nAn ,E, Ai c"+B. P"+s$+ se<
s%erid )r$ne "e*e"s +nd ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer in !s%$en!+(s+"
3$en>. ,. NAT. CANCER INST. O: FJOORGI J9O98J9OO.
274. Rsen%)+" MB, B+rn+rd R,, Rse DP, Ai c"+B. E##ec%s # +
)i/)8c$!"e<8c+rB)ydr+%e, "38#+%, "38c)"es%er" die% n "e*e"s
# ser($ "i!ids +nd es%r+di"> . AM. d. MED. ;R FJORLGI 9Q89;.
275. Ad"ercre(%C 5. 4es%ern die% +nd 4es%ern dise+seI s$e
)r$n+" +nd Bic)e$ic+" $ec)+nis$s +nd +ssci+%ins.> SCAND.
n. CLIN. LAB. IN2EST. L: FS(!!".9:JG FJOO:GI Q89Q.
276. 5eBer D, As)"ey ,M, Le+# DA, Ai c"+B. Red(c%in # ser($
es%r+di" in !s%$en!+(s+" 3$en /i*en #ree +ccess % "38#+%
)i/)8c+rB8)ydr+%e die%.> NUTRI8TION ; FJOOJGI JQ;8JQO.
277. Rse DP, G"d$+n M, Cnn""y ,M, Ai c"+B. 5i/)8#iBer die%
red(ces ser($ es%r/en cncen%r+%ins in !re$en!+(s+" 3$en>.
AM.G. CLIN. NUTR. LP FJOOJGI L9:8L9L.
278. Rse DP, L(Bin M, Ai C+nn""y ,M. E##ec%s # die%
s(!!"e$en%+%in 3i%) 3)e+% Br+n n ser($ es%r/en "e*e"s in %)e
#""ic("+r +nd "(%e+" !)+ses # %)e $ens%r(+" cyc"e.> NUTRITIONJQ
FJOO;GI LQL8LQO.
279. Ty$c)(@ CN, Tess"er SB, Ai B+rB+rd R,. C)+n/es in se<
)r$n8Bindin/ /"B("in, ins("in, +nd ser($ "i!ids in
!s%$en!+(s+" 3$en n + "38#+%, )i/)8#iBer die% c$Bined 3i%)
e<ercise>. NUTR. C+ncer QR F9:::GI JLR8JS9.
280. Vey T,A, C)en ,, 4+n/ D?, Ai c"+B. Se< )r$nes in 3$en
in r(r+" C)in+ +nd in Bri%+in.> BRIT. 0. CANCER S9 FJOO:GI SQJ8
SQS.
281. Pren%ice R, T)$sn D, C"i##rd C, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #+%
red(c%in +nd !"+s$+ es%r+di" cncen%r+%in in )e+"%)y
!s%$en!+(s+" 3$en>. 0. NATL. CANCER INST. R9 FJOO:GI J9O8
JQP.
282. By+r AP, Rse DP, Ai 4ynder EL. Rec$$end+%ins #r %)e
!re*en%in # c)rnic dise+seI %)e +!!"ic+%in #r Bre+s% dise+se.>
AM.G. CLIN. NUTR. PR FQ S(!!".G FJORRGI ROS8O::.
283. N+ndi S, G(C$+n RC Ai ?+n/ ,. 5r$nes +nd $+$$+ry
c+rcin/enesis in $ice, r+%s +nd )($+nsI + (ni#yin/ )y!%)esis.>
PROC. NATIONAL ACAD. SCI. O9 FJOOLGI QSL:8QSL;.
284. Pe% ,, E+s%n DD, M+%%e3s DE, Ai c"+B. C+ncer $r%+"i%y in
re"+%i*es # 3$en 3i%) Bre+s% c+ncer, %)eOPCSs%(dy>. INT.d.
CANCER SL FJOOSGI 9;L89RQ.
285. C"di%CGA, 4i""e% 4, 5(n%er D, Ai c+"B. D+$i"y )is%ry, +/e,
+nd ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer. Pers!ec%i*e d+%+ #r$ N(rses
J
5e+"%)
S%(dy>. ,AMA 9;: FJOOQGI QQR8QPQ.
286. N+%in+" 5($+n Gen$e Rese+rc) Ins%i%(%e.
Le+rnin/ AB(% Bre+s% C+ncer.>
Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0333, /en$e.
/*0J::::L:;ka"
287. D(%re+" PA, Li( i, S)+%%(c@8Eidens D, Ai c"+B. BRCAJ
$(%+%ins in !ri$+ry Bre+s% +nd *+ri+n c+rcin$+s>. SCIENCE
9SS FJOOPGI J9:8J99.
288. Mi@i ?, S3ensen ,, S)+%%(c@8Eidens D, Ai c"+B. A s%rn/
c+ndid+%e #r %)e Bre+s% +nd *+ri+n c+ncer s(sce!%iBi"i %y
/eneBRCA".> Science 9SS FJOOPGI SS8;J.
289. 4s%er R, Bi/ne"" G, L+nc+s%er ,, Ai c"+B. Iden%i#ic+%in #
%)e Bre+s% c+ncer s(sce!%iBi"i%y /eneBRCA9>. NATUREQ;R FJOOLGI
;RO8;O9.
290. T+*%i/i+n S2, Si$+rd ,, R$$ens ,, Ai c+"B. T)e c$!"e%e
BRCA9 /ene +nd $(%+%ins in c)r$s$e JQi8"in@ed @indreds>
NAT. CENET. J9 FJOOSGI QQQ8QQ;.
291. Drd D, E+s%n D, Bis)! DT, Ai c"+B. Ris@s # c+ncer in
BRCAJ $(%+%in c+rriers.> LANCETQPQ FJOOPGI SO98SOL.
292. An%ni( A, P)+r+) PDP, N+rd S, Ai c"+B. A*er+/e ris@ #
Bre+s% +nd *+ri+n c+ncer +ssci+%ed 3i%) BRCAJ r BRCA9
$(%+%ins de%ec%ed in c+se series (nse"ec%ed #r #+$i"y )is%ryI +
c$Bined +n+"ysis # 99 s%(dies.> AM. ,. 5UM. CENET. ;9 F9::QGI
JJ;8JJQ:.
293. Ne3$+n B, M( 5, B(%"er LM, Ai c"+B. Drea(ency # Bre+s%
c+ncer +%%riB(%+B"e % BRCAJ in + !!("+%in8B+sed series #
A$eric+n 3$en>. ,AMA 9;O FJOORGI OJL8O9J.
294. Pe% ,, C""ins N, B+r#% R, Ai c"+B. Pre*+"ence # BRCAJ
+nd BRCA9 /ene $(%+%ins in !+%ien%s 3i%) e+r"y8nse% Bre+s%
c+ncer>. 0. NAT. CANCER INST. OJ FJOOOGI OPQ8OPO.
295. T+B+r L, D+/erBer/ G, C)en 55, Ai c"+B. E## ic+ci%y # Bre+s%
c+ncer screenin/ By +/e>. Ne3 res("%s #r$ %)e S3edis) T38
C(n%y Tri+".> CANCER ;L FJOOLGI 9L:;89LJ;.
296. B'(rs%r+$ N, B'$e"d L, D(##y S4, Ai c"+B. T)e G%)enB(r/
Bre+s% C+ncer Screenin/ Tri+"I #irs% res("%s n $r%+"i%y, incidence,
+nd $de # de%ec%in #r 3$en +/es QO8PO ye+rs +%
r+nd$iC+%in.> CANCERR: FJOO;GI 9:OJ89:OO.
297. Drise"" W, LidBrin@ E, 5e""s%r$ L, Ai c"+B. D""38(! +#%er JJ
ye+rsI (!d+%e # $r%+"i%y res("%s in %)e S%c@)"$ $+$$/r+!)ic
screenin/ %ri+">. BREAST CANCER RES. TREAT JOO;PL
FJOO;GI9SQ89;:.
298. Green"ee RT, 5i""85+r$n MB, M(rr+y T Ai c"+B. C+ncer
s%+%is%ics, 9::J.> CA CANCER ,. CLIN. LJ F9::JGI JL8QS.
299. C+irns ,. T)e %re+%$en% # dise+se +nd %)e 4+r +/+ins% C+ncer.>
SCI. AM. 9LQ FJORLGI QJ8QO.
300. C(Cic@ ,, Ai B+($ M. T+$<i#en +nd cn%r+"+%er+" Bre+s%
c+ncer.> LANCET 9 FJORLGI 9R9.
301. C(Cic@ ,, 4+n/ D?, Ai B("Br@ RD. T)e !re*en%in # Bre+s%
c+ncer>. LANCET J FJORSGI RQ.RS.
302. Dis)er B, Cns%+n%in ,P, 4ic@er)+$ Ai c"+B. T+$<i#en #r
!re*en%in # Bre+s% c+ncerI re!r% # %)e N+%in+" S(r/ic+" Ad'(*+n%
Bre+s% +nd B3e" Pr'ec% P8" S%(dy.> N. NAT. CANCER INST. O:
FJOORGI JQ;J8JQRR.
303. Dreed$+n AN, Gr+(B+rd B", R+ SR Ai c"+B. Es%i$+%es # %)e
n($Ber # US 3$en 3) c("d Bene#i% #r$ %+$<i#en #r Bre+s%
c+ncer c)e$!re*en%in>. 0. NAT. CANCER INST. OL F9::QGI L9S8
LQ9.
304. P3e"s T. Ee"es R, As)"ey S, Ai c"+B. In%eri$ +n+"ysis # %)e
incidence # Bre+s% c+ncer in %)e Ry+" M+rdsen 5s!i%+" %+$<i#en
r+nd$iCed c)e$!re*en%in %ri+">. L$ce# QL9FJOORGI OR8J:J.
305. 2ernesi U, M+isnne(*e P, Cs%+ A, Ai c"+B. Pre*en%in #
Bre+s% c+ncer 3i%) %+$<i#enI !re"i$in+ry #indin/s #r$ %)e I%+"i+n
r+nd$iCed %ri+" +$n/ )ys%erec%$ised 3$en.> LANCETQL9
FJOORGI OQ8O;.
306. C(Cic@ ,I A Brie# re*ie3 # %)e c(rren% Bre+s% c+ncer
!re*en%in %ri+"s +nd !r!s+"s #r #(%(re %ri+"s.> EUR 0. CANCER QS
F9:::GI J9OR8JQ:9.
307. C($$in/s SR, Ec@er% S, Vr(e/er VA, Ai c"+B. T)e e##ec% #
r+"<i#ene n ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer in !s%$en!+(s+" 3$enI
res("%s #r$ %)e MORE r+nd$iCed %ri+">. ,AMA 9RJ FJOOOGI 9JRO8
9JO;.
308. Dr/+n ,D, 5(nsBer/er S, A., McM+)n RP, Ai c"+B. Die% +nd
se< )r$nes in /ir"sI #indin/s #r$ + r+nd$iCed cn%r""ed
c"inic+" %ri+">. 0. NAT. CANCER INST. OL F9::QGI JQ98JPJ.
309. Ornis) D, Sc)er3i%C L4, Bi""in/s ,5, Ai c"+B. In%ensi*e
"i#es%y"e c)+n/es #r re*ers+" # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se>. dAMA 9R:
FJOORGI 9::J89::;.
310. Esse"s%yn CB, E""is SG, Medendr! S2, Ai c"+B. A s%r+%e/y %
+rres% +nd re*erse crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI + L8ye+r "n/i%(din+"
s%(dy # + sin/"e !)ysici+n[s !r+c%ice.> 0. DAMIL? PRACTICEIH
FJOOLGI LS:8LSR.
311. 5i"denBr+nd GLG, 5i"denBr+nd LC, Br+d#rd V, Ai c"+B.
Di*e8ye+r s(r*i*+" r+%es # $e"+n$+ !+%ien%s %re+%ed By die%
%)er+!y +#%er %)e $+nner # GersnI + re%rs!ec%i*e re*ie3.>
ALTERNATI2E T5ERAPIES IN 5EALT5 AND MEDICINE J FJOOLGI 9O8
Q;.
312. ?(/$+n LD, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. In)iBi%in # +#"+%<in B"8
ind(ced /+$$+8/"(%+$y" %r+ns!e!%id+se !si%i*e FGGTmG )e!+%ic
!rene!"+s%ic #ci +nd %($rs By "3 !r%ein die%sI e*idence %)+%
+"%ered GGTm #ci indic+%e ne!"+s%ic !%en.i+".> CARCINOGENESIS
JQ FJOO9GI JS:;8JSJQ.
313. Rn+i K, Gr+di+ S, E"8B+y($y V, Ai c"+B. Cn%r+s%in/
incidence # r+% $(%+%ins in r+% $+$$+ry +nd $(se s@in %($rs
ind(ced By +n%i8BenCccd !)ren+n%)rene8Q,P8di J8J,98e!<ide>.
CARCINOGENESIS JL FJOOPGI 9JJQ89JJS.
314. ,e##y BD, Sc)("%C EU, Se"$in O, Ai c+"B. In)iBi%in #
BRCA8J e<!ressin By BenCc+d!yrene+nd di"e!<ide>. MOL.
CARCINOGENESIS 9S FJOOOGI J::8JJR.
315. G+$$n MD, S+n%e""+ RM, Ne(/(% A", Ai c"+B.
En*irn$en%+" %<ins +nd Bre+s% c+ncer n Ln/ Is"+nd. I.
P"ycyc"ic )ydrc+rBn DNA +dd(c%s.> CANCER EPIDEMIOL
B"OMARVERS PRE2JJ F9::9GI S;;8SRL.
316. G+$$n MD, 4"## MS, Ne(/(% AI, Ai c"+B. En*irn$en%+"
%<ins +nd Bre+s% c+ncer n Ln/ Is"+nd. II. Oe/+nc)"rine
c$!(nd "e*e"s in B"d. CANCER EPIDEMIOL B"OMARVERS
PRE2. JJ F9::9GI SRS,SO;.
317. 5($!)ries 5 Ai Gi"" S. Ris@s +nd Bene#i%s # )r$ne
re!"+ce$en% %)er+!yI %)e e*idence s!e+@s.> CANADIAN MED.
ASSOC. dOURN. JSR F9::QGI J::J8J:J:.
318. 4ri%in/ Gr(! #r %)e 4$en[s 5e+"%) Ini.i+%i*e In*es%i/+ %rs.
Ris@s +nd Bene#i%s # es%r/en !"(s !r/es%in in )e+"%)y
!s%$en!+(s+" 3$enI !rinci!+" res("%s #r$ %)e 4$en s 5e+"%)
Ini.i+%i*e R+nd$iCed Cn%r""ed Tri+">. ,AMA 9RR F9::9GI Q9J8
QQQ.
319. 5(""ey S, Gr+dy D, B(s) T, Ai c"+B. R+nd$iCed %ri+" #
es%r/en !"(s !r/es%in #r secnd+ry !re*en%in # crn+ry )e+r%
dise+se in !s%$en!+(s+" 3$en. 5e+r% +nd Es%r/en0!r/es%in
Re!"+ce$en% S%(dy F5ERSG Rese+rc) Gr(!.> ,AMA 9R: FJOORGI
S:L8SJQ.
320. =n %i$! ce +ce+s%6 desc!erire n( es%e se$ni#ic+%i*6 din !(nc%
de *edere s%+%is%ic, cnsec*en.+ ei c( desc!erire+ 45I es%e
iCBi%+re.
S:. In%ern+%in+" A/ency #r C+ncer Rese+rc). G"Bc+n> F+cces+% "+
JR c%. 9::9G, )%%!I003338de!.i+rc0 /"Bc+n.)%$".>
SJ. VinC"er V4, Ai 2/e"s%ein B. Lessns #r$ 5eredi%y.
C"rec%+" C+ncer>. CELLR; FJOOSGI JLO8J;:. S9 Der"+y ,, Br+y D,
Pis+ni P Ai c"+B. CLOBOCAN 9:::I CANCER INCIDENCE,
MORTALIT? AND PRE2ALENCE 4ORLD4IDE, 2ERSION J.:.
Ly n, Dr+nceI J ARC Press, 9::J.
321. 2
ersi(ne res%r7ns6 + dc($en%("(i "(i Der"+y Ai c"+B. Es%e dis!niBi"6
"+
)%%!I00333.de!.i+rc.#r./"Bc+n0 /"Bc+n.)%$, ("%i$+ +c%(+"iC+re "+
9 #eBr(+rie 9::J.
322. Gr(! de "(cr( de e<!er.i. Dd, n(%ri%in +nd %)e !re*en%in #
c+ncer, + /"B+" !ers!ec%i*e. 4+s)in/%n, DGA$eric+n Ins%i%(%e #r
C+ncer Rese+rc)04r"d C+ncer Rese+rc) D(nd, JOO;.
323. Ar$s%rn/ D, Ai D"I R. En*irn$en%+" #+c%rs +nd c+ncer
incidence +nd $r%+"i%y in di# #eren% c(n%ries>, 3i%) s!eci+"
re#erence % die%+ry !r+c%ices.> INT. d. CANCERjL FJO;LGI SJ;8SQJ.
324. B(r@i%% DP. E!ide$i"/y # c+ncer # %)e c"n +nd %)e
rec%($>. CANCER 9R FJO;JGI Q8JQ.
325. ,+nsen MC,D, B(en8de8Mesa(i%+ 5B, B(Cin+ R, Ai c"+B.
Die%+ry #iBer +nd !"+n% #ds in re"+%in % c"rec%+" c+ncer
$r%+"i%yI T)e Se*en c(n%ries S%(dy.> INT.G. GMCERTT
FJOOOGIJ;P8J;O.
326. 4)i%e"ey LO, Ai V"(r#e"d DM. Are die%+ry #iBer8ind(ccd
+"%er+%ins in c"nie e!i%)e"i+" ce"" !r"i#er+%in !redic%i*e # #iBer[s
e##ec% n c"n c+ncer?> NUTR.[ CANCER QS F9:::GI JQJ8JPO.
327. M+'ri%+%e+ +ces%r +scieri n( +( #s% se$ni#ic+%i*e din !(nc%
de *edere s%+%is%ic, =ns6 cnsec*en%+ +scierii in*erse =n%re #iBre Ai
c+ncer(" c"rec%+" + #s% i$!resin+n%6.
328. C+$!Be"" TC, 4+n/ G, C)en ,, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #iBer in%+@e
+nd c"n c+ncer $r%+"i%y in T)e Pe!"e[s Re!(B"ic # C)in+>. InI
D. Vri%c)e*s@y C, Bn#ie"d Ai ,.4. Andersn Fedi%.G. Die%+ry DiBer,
!. P;Q8PR:, Ne3 ?r@, N?. P"en($ P(B"is)in/ Cr!r+%in, JOO:.
329. Trc@ B, L+nC+ E, Ai Green3+"d P. Die%+ry #iBer, *e/e%+B"es,
+nd c"n c+ncerI cri%ic+i re*ie3 +nd $e%+8+n+"ysis # %)e
e!ide$i"/ie e*idence.> 0. NAT. CANCER INST. R9 FJOO:GI SL:8
SSJ.
330. 53e GR, Beni% E, C+s%e""e% R, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry in%+@e #
#iBer +nd decre+sed ris@ # c+ncers # %)e c"n +nd rec%($I
e*idence #r$ %)e c$Bined +n+"ysis r JQ c+se8cn%r" s%(dies.> 0.
NAT. CANCER INST. RP FJOO9GI JRR;8JR^.
331. Bin/)+$ SA, D+y NE, L(Ben R, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #iBer in%+@e
+nd !r%ec%in +/+ins% c"rec%+" c+ncer in %)e E(r!e+n Prs!ec%i*e
In*es%i/+%in in% C+ncer +nd N(%ri%in FEPICGI +n Bser*+%in+"
s%(dy.> LANCETQSJ F9::QGI JPOS8JL:J.
;P.:[Vee#e S,D, Nd+B+ N, Ai 4d3+rd A. Re"+%ins)i! Be%3een
n(%ri.in+" s%+ r(s, die%+ry in%+@e !+%%ers +nd !"+s$+ "i!!r%ein
cncen%r+%ins in r(r+" B"+c@ S(%) A#ric+ns.> 5UM. NUTR. CLIN.
NUTR. QO FJORLGI QQL8QPJ.
332. Si%+s D. 5is%"/ic+""y di+/nsed c+ncers in S(%) A#ric+,
JORR.> S. ADRICAN MED. ,. RP FJOOPGI QPP8QPR.
333. O[Vee#e
S,D, Vidd M, Es!i%+"ier8Ne" G, Ai "+B. R+ri%y # c"n c+ncer in
A#ric+ns is +ssci+%ed 3i%) "3 +ni$+" !rd(c% cns($!%in, n%
#iBer>. AM. ,.
GASTROENTEROLOG?OPFJOOOGIJQ;Q8JQR:.
334. McVe3n8Eyssen G. E!ide$i"/y # c"rec%+" c+ncer
re*isedI +re ser($ %ri/"ycerides +nd0 r !"+s$+ /"(cse +ssci+%ed
3i%) ris@?> CANCER EPIDEMIOL B"OMARVERS PRE2Q FJOOPGI
SR;8SOL.
335. Gi*+nn(cci E. Ins("in +nd c"n c+ncer.> CANCER CAUSES
AND CONTROL S FJOOLGI JSP8J;O.
336. Br(ce 4R, Gi+cc+ A, Ai Med"ine A. PssiB"e $ec)+nis$s
re"+%in/ die% +nd ris@ # c"n c+ncer>. CANCER EPIDEMIOL
B"OMARVERS PRE2 O F9:::GI J9;J 8J9;O.
337. Vn S, 5n' S, Tdr@i I, Ai c"+B. G"(cse in%"er+nce +nd
+den$+s # %)e si/$id c"n in ,+!+nese $en F,+!+nG.> CANCER
CAUSES AND CONTROL O FJOORGI PPJ8PPS.
338. Sc)en RE, T+n/en CM, V(""er L5, Ai c"+B. Incre+sed B"d
/"(cse +nd ins("in, Bdy siCe, +nd inciden% c"rec%+" c+ncer>. 0.
CANCER INST. OJ FJOOOGI JJP;8JJLP.
339. Br(ce 4R, 4"e*er TMS, +nd Gi+cc+ A. Mec)+nis$s "in@in/
die% +nd c"rec%+" c+ncerI %)e !ssiB"e r"e # ins("in resis%+nce>I
NUTR. CANCER Q; F9:::GI JO89S.
340. Li!@in M, Ai Ne3$+n 5. De*e"!$en% # c"inic +"
c)e$!re*en%in %ri+"s.> 0. NAT. CANCER INST. R; FJOOLGI J9;L8
J9;;.
341. 5i% PR, A%i""+sy EO, Gi"$+n ,, Ai c"+B. Md("+%in #
+Bnr$+" c"nie e!i%)e"i+" ce"" !r"i#er+%in +nd di##eren%i+%in By
"38#+% di+ry #ds. A r+nd8$iCed %ri+">. 0AMA 9R: FJOORGI J:;P8
J:;O.
342. MB+r)+n S. C+"ci($ +nd %)e c"n rec%I recen% #indin/s>.
NUTR. RE2S. L; FJOOOGI J9P8J9S.
343. A"Ber%s DS, Ri%enB(+/) C, S%ry ,A Ai c"+B. R+nd$iCed,
d(B"e8B"inded, !"+ceB8cn%r""ed s%(dy # e##ec% # 3)e+% Br+n
#iBer +nd c+"ci($ n #ec+" Bi"e +cids in !+%ien%s 3i%) resec%ed
+den$+%(s c"n !"y!s>. 0. NAT. CANCER INST. RR FJOOSGI RJ8
O9.
344. C)en ,, C+$!Be"" TC, Li,, Ai c"+B. DIET, LIDEST?LE AND
MORTALIT? IN C5INA. A STUD? OD T5E C5ARACTERISTICS OD
SL C5INESE COUNTIES, O<#rd, UVW I%)+c+, N?W Bei'in/, PRCI
O<#rd Uni*ersi%y PressW Crne"i Uni*ersi%y PressW Pe!"e[s Medic+"
P(B"is)in/ 5(se, JOO:.
345. ,+ss ,R. C"n c+ncerI %)e s)+!e # %)in/s % c$e.> GUTPL
FJOOOGI ;OP8;OL.
346. B(r% R4. C"nc+ncerscreenin/>.
GASTROENTEROLOG?JJO F9:::GI RQ;8RLQ.
347. 4in+3er S,, K+(Ber AG, 5 MN, Ai c"+B. Pre*en%in #
c"rec%+" c+ncer By c"nsc!ic !"yec%$y>. NE4 ENGL. ,.
MED. Q9O FJOOQGI JO;;8JORJ.
348. Pi/nne M, Ric) M, Te(%s) SM, Ai c"+B. Screenin/ #r
c"rec%+" c+ncer in +d("%s +% +*er+/e ris@I + s($$+ry # %)e
e*idence #r %)e U.S. Pre*en%i*e Ser*ices T+s@ Drce.> ANN.
INTERNAI MED. JQ; F9::9GI JQ98JPJ.
349. Sc%% R,, Ai SB" 55. Pr/ns%ic i$!"ic+%ins # c+ncer
s(sce!%iBi"i%y /enesI Any ne3s?> Recen% Res("%s in C+ncer Rese+rc)
JLJ FJOOOGI ;J8RP.
350. Lee ML, 4+n/ R8T, 5sin/ A4, Ai c"+B. C+se8cn%r" s%(dy #
die% +nd !rs%+%e c+ncer in C)in+.> CANCER CUSES AND
CONTROL O FJOORGI LPL8LL9.
351. 2i""ers A, S("ie M, 5+i""% O, Ai c"+B. Prs%+%e c+ncer
screenin/ FIIIGI ris@ #+c%rs, n+%(r+" )is%ry, c(rse 3i %)(%
%re+%$en%.> PROGR. UROL. ; FJOO;GI SLL8SSJ.
352. S%+n#rd ,L. Prs%+%e c+ncer %rends JO;Q8JOOL.> Be%)esd+,
MDI SEER Pr/r+$, N+%in+" C+ncer Ins%i%(%e, JOOR.
353. C)+n ,M, Ai Gi*+nn(cci EL. Di+ry !rd(c%s, c+"ci($ +nd
*i%+$in D +nd ris@ # !rs%+%e c+ncer>. EPIDEMIOL. RE2S. 9Q
F9::JGI R;8O9.
354. Gi*+nn(cci Die%+ry in#"(ences # J,9L FO5G, *i%+$in D in
re"+%in % !rs%+%e c+ncerI + )y!%)esis>. CANCER CAUSES AND
CONTROL O FJOORGI LS;8LR9.
355. C)+n ,M, S%+$!#er M,, M+ ,, Ai c"+B. Ins("in8"i@e /r3%)
#+c%r8I FIGD8IG +nd IGD Bindin/ !r%ein8Q +s !redic%rs #
+d*+nced8s%+/e !rs%+%e c+ncer . 0. NATL CANCERLNSTOP F9::9GI
J:OO8JJ:O.
356. Di Si, R+s+i+) S, T+c@ I, Ai c"+B. L38!r%ein die% s(!!resses
ser($ ins("in8"i@e /r3%) #+c%r8J +nd dece"er+%es %)e !r/ressin
# /r3%) )r$ne8ind(ced /"$er("sc"ersis.> A. ,. NEP5ROL.
9J F9::JGI QQJ8QQO.
"OO.5e+ney RP, McC+rrn DA, D+3sn85(/)es B, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry
c)+n/es #+*r+8B"y +##ec% Bnd re$de"in/ in "der +d("%e>. 0. AM.
DIET. ASSOC. OO FJOOOGI J99R8J9QQ.
"O".A""en NE, A!!"eBy PN, D+*ey GV, Ai c"+B. 5r$nes +nd die%I
"3 ins("in8"i@e /r3%) #+c%r8I B(% nr$+" Bi+*+i"+B"e +ndr/ens
in *e/+n $en>. BRIT. d. CANCER RQ F9:::GI OL8O;.
J:9.C)en P, Pee)" DM, Ai Rsen#e"d RG. T)e IGD +<is in %)e
!rs%+%e.> 5ORM. METAB. RES. 9S FJOOPGI RJ8RP.
C+!i%"(" O
357. M+c@+y IR.T"er+nce+ndi$$(ni%y.> BRIT. MED. ,OURN. Q9J
F9:::GIOQ8OS.
358. ,+cBsn DL, G+n/eS,, Rse NR, Ai c"+B. S)r% +n+"y%ic+"
re*ie3. E!ide$i"/y +nd es%i$+%ed !!("+%in B(rden # se"ec%ed
+(%i$$(ne dise+ses in %)e Uni%ed S%+%es.> CLIN. IMMUNOL.
IMMUNOPAT5. RP FJOO;GI 99Q89PQ.
359. D+*idsn A, Ai Di+$nd B. A(%i$$(ne dise+ses.> Ne3 En/".
,. Med. QPL F9::JGI QP:8QL:.
360. Ar+nd+ R, Sydr+ BC, MCA""is%er PL, Ai c"+B. An+"ysis #
in%es%in+" "y$!)8cy%es in $(se c"i%is $edi+%ed By %r+ns#er #
CDPm, CDPLRB
J
>
R
> T ce""s % SCID reci!ien%eI> 0. IMMUNOL. JLR
FJOO;GI QPSP8QP;Q.
361. D"/+r S, G+%% EM, R+in+ G, Ai c"+B. P+r@insnis$ +s +
$+ni#es%+%in # $("%i!"e sc"ersis.> MO2EMENT D"SORDERS JR
F9::QGI J:R8JJQ.
362. C+n%rn+ MT. 2i%+$in D +nd +(%i$$(ni%yI is *i%+$in D s%+%(s
+n en*irn$en%+" #+c%r +##ec%in/ +(%i$$(ne dise+se !re*+"ence?>
PROC. SC. EUP. BIOL. MED. 99Q F9:::GI 9Q:89QQ.
363. DeL(c+ 5D, C+n%rn+ MT. 2i%+$in DI i%s r"e +nd (ses in
i$$(n"/y>. DASEB 0.JLF9::JGI 9L;O89LRL.
364. 4iner S, A%s+%(r* I, C)e(n/ RV, Ai c"+B. T ce""s # $("%i!"e
sc"ersis !+%ien%s %+r/e% + c$$n en*irn$en%+" !e!%ide %)+%
c+(ses ence!)+"i%is in $ice>. 0. IMMUNOL. JSS F9::JGI PL;J8P;LS.
365. D+*en!r% CB. M("%i!"e sc"ersis #r$ %)e s%+nd!in% #
/e/r+!)ic dis%riB(%in+nd r+ce>. ARC5. NEUROL. PSC5IATR?S
FJO99GI LJ8LR.
366. A"%er M, ?+$r M, Ai 5+rsc)c M. M("%i!"e sc"ersis +nd
n(%ri%in>. ARC5. NEUROL. QJ FJO;PGI 9S;89;9.
367. C+rr"" M. Inn+%e i$$(ni%y in %)e e%i!+%)"/y #
+(%i$$(ni%y>. NATURELMMUNOL.9F9::JGI J:RO8J:O:.
368. V+r'+"+inen ,, M+r%in ,M, Vni! M, Ai c"+B. A B*ine +"B($in
!e!%ide +s + !ssiB"e %ri//er # ins("in8de!enden% Di+Be%es
Me""i%(s.>. NE4ENGL. ,OURN. MED. Q9; FJOO9GI Q:98Q:;.
369. A@erB"$ 5V, Ai Vni! M. P(%+%i*e en*irn$en%+" #+c%rs +nd
Ty!e J di+Be%es.> DIABETES0METABOLISM RE2S. JP FJOORGI QJ8S;,
370. N+i@ RG Ai P+"$er ,P. Preser*+%in # Be%+8ce"" #(nc%ins in
Ty!e J di+Be%es.> DIABETES RE2. ; FJOOOGI JLP8JR9.
371. 2ir%+nene SM, R+s+nen L, Ar A, Ai c"+B. "n#+n% #eedin/ in
Dinnis) c)i"dren "ess %)+n ; yr # +/e 3i%) ne3"y di+/nsed IDDM.
C)i"d)d di+Be%es in Din"+nd S%(dy Gr(!.> DIABETES CAREU
FJOOJGI PJL8PJ;.
372. S+*i"+)%i E, A@erB"$ )@, T+inici 28M. Ai c"+B. C)i"dren 3i%)
ne3"y di+/nsed ins("in de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(s )+*e incre+sed
"e*e"s # c3[s $i"@ +n%i8Bdies.> DIABETES RES. ; FJORRGI JQ;8
JP:.
373. ?+@%+ A, ?+$+/(c)i T, Ued+ T, Ai c"+B. C$!+risn # is"e%
ce"" +n%iBdies, is"e% ce"" s(r#+ce +n%iBdies +nd +n%i8B*inc ser($
+"B($in +n%iBdies in Ty!e J di+Be%es>. DIABETES RES. CLIN.
PRACT. OFJOO:GI 9JJ89J;.
374. 5+$$nd8McViBBen D, Ai Dsc) 58M. C3[s $i"@, B*ine
ser($ +"B($in, +nd IDDMI c+n 3e se%%"e %)e cn%r*ersies?>
DIABETES C+re9: FJOO;GI RO;8O:J.
375. A@erB"$ 58V, 2++r+"+ O, 5y%y 5, Ai c"+B. En*irn$en%+"
#+c%rs in %)e e%i"/y # Ty!e J di+Be%es>. AM. d. MED.GENET.
FSe$in. Med. Gene%.G JJL F9::9GI JR89O.
376. G%%"ieB MS, Ai R% 5D. Di+Be%es $e""i%(s in %3ins>I
DIABETES J; FJOSRGI SOQ8;:P.
377. B+rne%% A5, E## C, Les"ie RDG, Ai c"+B. Di+Be%es in iden%ic+"
%3insI + s%(dy # 9:: !+irs>. DIABETOLOGIA 9: FJORJGI R;8OQ.
378. Brsc)8,)nsen V, ,ner G, M+ndr(!8P("sen T, Ai c"+B.
Re"+%in Be%3een Bre+s% #eedin/ +nd incidence r+%es # ins("in8
de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(sI + )y!8%)esis.> LANCET 9 FJORPGI
J:RQ8J:RS.
379. PereC8Br+* D. C+rr+sc E, G( %ierreC8L!eC MD, Ai c"+B.
Gene%ic !redis!8si%in +nd en*irn$en%+" #+c%rs "e+din/ % %)e
de*e"!$en% # ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(s in C)i"e+n
c)i"dren.> 0. MOL. MED. ;P FJOOSGI J:L8J:O.
380. Vs%r+B+ ,N, Cr(isc@s)+n@s V,, L+3"er85e+*ner ,, Ai c"+B.
E+r"y e<!s(re % c3[s $i"@ +nd s"id #ds in in#+ncy, /ene%ic
!redis!si%in +nd ris@ # IDDM>. DIABETES P9 FJOOQGI 9RRR8
9OL.
381. Py@e DA. T)e /ene%ic !ers!ec%i*eI !(%%in/ rese+rc) in%
!r+c%ice.> InI DIABETES JORR, A$s%erd+$, JORO, !. J99;8J9Q:.
382. V+!rid, T($i"e)% ,, Vs@en*( M, Ai c"+B. Cncrd+nce
#r Ty!e J Fins("in8de!enden%G +nd Ty!e 9 Fnn8 ins("in8de!enden%G
di+Be%es $e""i%(s in + !!("+8%in8B+sed c)r% # r3ins in Din"+nd>.
DIABETOLOGIA QL FJOO9GI J:S:8J:S;.
383. D+)"8,r/ensen V, ,ner G, Ai 5+nssen VD. Re"+%ins)i!
Be%3een c3[s $i"@ cns($!%in +nd incidence # IDDM in
c)i"d)d>. DIABETES CARE JP FJOOJGI J:RJ8J:RQ.
384. T)e !r!r%in # Ty!e J di+Be%es d(e % %)e cns($!%in #
c3[s $i"@, %)e r9 *+"(e,isOS^.
385. L+Pr%e RE, T+'i$+ N, A@erB"$ 5V, Ai c"+B. Ge/r+!)ic
di##erences in %)e ris@ # ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(sI %)e
i$!r%+nce # re/is%ries.> DIABETES CARES FS(!!". JG FJORLGI
J:J8J:;.
386. Bd+ns@y 5G, S%+ines A, S%e!)ensn C, Ai c"+B. E*idence #r
+n en*irn$en%+" e##ec% in %)e +e%i"/y # ins("in de!enden%
di+Be%es in + %r+ns$i/r+%ry !!("+8%in.> BRIT. MED. DOUM. Q:P
FJOO9GI J:9:8J:99.
387. B(rden AC, S+$+n%+ A, Ai C)+(nd(ri V5. T)e !re*+"ence +nd
incidence # ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es in 3)i%e +nd Indi+n c)i"dren
in Leices%er ci%y FUVG.> INT. d. DIABETES DE2. COUNTRIESJ:
FJOO:GI R8J:.
388. E""i%RAiOn/T,. N(%ri.in+" /en$ics.> BRIT.MED.
,OURN.Q9P F9::9GI JPQR8JPP9.
389. On@+$ P, 2++n+nen S, Ver*nen M, Ai c"+B. 4r"d3ide
incre+se in incidence # Ty!e J di+Be%es 8 %)e +n+"ysis # %)e d+%+ n
!(B"is)ed incidence %rends.> DIABETOLOGIA P9 FJOOOGI JQOL8
JP:Q.
390. Gers%ein 5C. C3[s $i"@ e<!s(re +nd Ty!e di+Be%es $e""i%(sI
+ cri%ic+i *er8*ie3 # %)e c"inic+" "i%er+ %(re.> DIABETES
C+re";FJOOPGI JQ8JO.
391. Vi$!i$+@i T, Er@@"+ M, Vr)nen S, Ai c"+B. S)r%8%er$
e<c"(si*e Bre+s%8#eedin/ !redis!ses y(n/ c)i"dren 3i%) incre+sed
/ene%ic ris@ # Ty!e J di+Be%es % !r/ressi*e Be%+8ce""
+(%i$$(ni%y.> DIABETOLOGIA PP F9::JGI SQ8SO.
392. 2ir%+nen SM, L++r+ E, 5y!!nen E, Ai c"+B. C3[s $i"@
cns($!%in, 5LA8DiBJ /en%y!e, +nd %y!e J di+Be%es.>
DIABETES PO F9:::GI OJ98OJ;.
393. Mne%ini L, C+*+"" MG, S%e#+nini L, Ai c"+B. B*ine Be%+8
c+sein +n%iBdies in Bre+s%8+nd B%%"e8#ed in#+n%sI %)eir re"e*+nce in
Ty!e J di+Be%es.> DIABETES METAB. RES. RE2. J; F9::JGI LJ8
LP.
394. Nrris ,M, Ai Pie%r!+" M. Re*ie3 +r%ic"e. Cn%r*ersi+"
%!ics seriesI $i"@ !r%eins +nd di+Be%es.> ,. ENDOCRINOL.
IN2EST. 99 FJOOOGI LSR8LR:.
395. Rein/"d SC. Rese+rc) Direc%ins in M("%i!"e
Sc"ersis.> N+%in+" M("%i!"e Sc"ersis Scie%y, N*e$Ber 9L, 9::Q.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I0 0 333.n+%in+"$sscie%y. r/0
6 LCBrc)(res8Rese+rc).+s!
396. Ac@er$+nn A. Die $("%i!"e s@"erse in der Sc)3eiC>.
SC54EIK. MED. 4C5NSC5R. SJ FJOQJGJ9PL8J9L:.
397. S3+n@ RL. M("%i!"e sc"ersisI crre"+%in # i%s incidence
3i%) die%+ry #+%.> AM. ,. MED. SCI. 99: FJOL:GI P9J8PQ:.
398. Di! ,B. T)e dis%riB(%in # $("%i!"e sc"ersis in re"+%in % %)e
di+ry ind(s%ry +nd $i"@ cns($!%in>. NE4 KEELANDMED. d. RQ
FJO;SGI P9;8PQ:.
399. McD(/+
"" ,M. 9::9. M("%i!"e sc"ersis s%!!ed By McD(/+""0S3+n@
Pr/r+$.
)%%!I 0 0 333.ne+")endric@sn.c$0 McD(/+""0 Mc Dne3+nn
(cne$en%S3+n @:9JJJ9.)%$. Acces+% "+ JS n*. 9::9.
400. McLed ,G, 5+$$nd SR, Ai 5+""!i@e ,D. E!ide$ii/y #
$("%i!"e sc"ersis in A(s%r+"i+. 4i%) NS4 +nd SA s(r*ey res("%s.>
MED. j. A2STR. JS: FJOOPGI JJ;8J99.
401. L+3rence ,S, Be)rend T, Benne%% P5, Ai c"+B. Ge/r+!)ic+"
s%(dies # r)e($+8%id +r%)ri%is.> AM. R5EUM. D"S. 9L FJOSSGI
P9L8PQ9.
402. Veen 5, Ai E@e ,M. T)e /e/r+!)y # di+Be%es $e""i%(s.>
Bri%. $ed. ,(rn. P: FJORPGI QLO8QSL.
403. S3+n@ RL. E##ec% # "3 s+%(r+%ed #+% die% in e+r"y +nd "+%e
c+ses # $("%i!"e sc"ersis.> LANCET QQS FJOO:GI Q;8QO.
404. S3+n@ RL. Tre+%$en% # $("%i!"e sc"ersis 3i%) "3 #+% die%.>
A.M.A. ARC5. NEU ROL. PS?C5IATR? SO FJOLQGI OJ8J:Q.
405. S3+n@ RL. Ai B(ri""n RB M("%i!"e sc"ersisI +ssess$en% #
%re+%$en% 3i%) $di#ied "3 #+% die%.> 0. NER2. MENT. D"S. JQJ
FJOS:GI PSR8PRR.
406. S3+n@ RL. M("%i!"e sc"ersisI %3en%y ye+rs # "3 #+% die%.>
ARC5. NEUROL. 9Q FJO;:GI PS:8P;P.
407. A/r+n## B4, Ai G"dBer/ D. Die% +nd %)e /e/r+!)ic+"
dis%riB(%in # $("%i!"e sc"ersis.> LANCET 9 F;RRRG F9 n*. JO;PGI
J:SJ8J:SS.
408. M+"sse D, Perrn 5, S+sc A, Ai c"+B. Crre"+%in Be%3een
$i"@ +nd di+ry !rd(c% cns($!%in +nd $("%i!"e sc"ersis
!re*+"enceI + 3r"d3ide s%(dy.> NEUROEPIDEMIOLOG? JJ FJOO9GI
Q:P8QJ9.
409. M+"sse D, Ai Perrn 5. Crre"+%in +n+"ysis Be%3een B*ine
!!("+%ins, %)er #+r$ +ni$+"s, )(se !e%s, +nd $("%i!"e sc"ersis
!re*+"ence.> NEUROEPIDEMIOLOG? J9FJOOQGI JL89;.
410. L+(er V. Die% +nd $("%i!"e sc"ersis>. Ne(r"/y PO Fs(!!" 9G
FJOO;GI SLL8SSJ.
411. S3+n@ RL, Lers%+d O, S%r$ A, Ai c"+B. M("%i!"e sc"ersis in
r(r+" Nr3+y. I%s /e/r+!)ic dis%riB(%in +nd cc(!+%in+" incidence
in re"+%in % n(%ri%in.> NE4 ENGL. 0. MED. 9PS FJOL9GI ;9J8;9R.
412. D+"/"eis) AG. 2ir(ses +nd $("%i!"e sc"ersis.> ACTA
NEUROL. SCAND. SUPPL. JSO FJOO;GI R8JL.
413. McA"!ine D, L($sden CE, Ai Ac)esn ED. MULTIPLE
SCLEROSISI A REAPPRAISAL. EdinB(r/) +nd LndnI E\s
Li*in/s%n, JOSL.
414. A"%er M, LieB3i%C U Ai S!eer ,. Ris@ # $("%i!"e sc"ersis
re"+%ed % +/e +% i$$i/r+%in % Isr+e"> .ARC5. NEUROL. JL FJOSSGI
9QP89Q;.
415. V(r%C@e VD, BeeBe G4, Ai Nr$+n ,E, ,r. E!ide$ii/y #
$("%i!"e sc"ersis in U.S. *e%er+nsI J. R+ce, se<, +nd /e/r+!)ic
dis%riB(%in.> NEUROLOG? 9O FJO;OGI J99R8J9QL.
416. EBers GC, B("$+n DE, S+d*nic@ AD, Ai c"+B. A !!("+%in8
B+sed s%(dy # $("%i!"e sc"ersis in %3ins.> NE4 ENGL. '. MED.
QJL FJORSGI JSQR8JSP9.
417. Ac)esn ED, B+c)r+c) CA, Ai 4ri/)% DM. S$e c$$en%s n
%)e re"+%ins)i! # %)e dis%riB(%in # $("%i!"e sc"ersis % "+%i%(de
s"+r r+di+%in +nd %)er *+ri+B"es.> ACTA
PS?C5I?TRICA NEUROLOGICA SCAND. FS(!!". JP;G FJOS:GI
JQ98JP;.
418. 4+rren S, Ai 4+rren VG. M("%i!"e sc"ersis +nd +ssci+%ed
dise+sesI + re"+%ins)i! % di+Be%es $e""i%(s.> 0. CANADIAN SCI.
NEUROL. R FJORJGI QL8QO.
419. 4er%$+n E, Ki"Ber N. Ai ABr+ns@y O. An +ssci+%in Be%3een
$("%i!"e sc"ersis +nd Ty!e J di+Be%es $e""i%(s.> 0. NEUROL. 9QO
FJOO9GI PQ8PL.
420. M+rrs( MG, Ccc E Ai c"+B. P+%ien%s 3i%) $("%i!"e sc"ersis
+nd ris@ # Ty!e J di+Be%es $e""i%(s in S+rdini+, I%+"yI + c)r%
s%(dy.> LANCETQLO R9::9GI JPSJ8JPSL.
421. B(CCe%%i R, PCCi""i P, Di M6ri U, Ai c"+B. M("%i!"e sc"ersis
+nd Ty!e J di+Be%es.> DIABETOLOGIA PL F9::9GI J;QL8J;QS.
422. L(< 4E, Ai V(r%C@e ,D. =s P+r@insn[s dise+se +ca(ired?
E*idence #r$ + /e/r+!)ic c$!+risn 3i%) $("%i!"e sc"ersis.>
NEUROLOG? Q; FJOR;GI PS;8P;J.
423. Pr+)+"+d S, S)e+r ES, T)$!sn SD, Ai c"+B. Incre+sed
Pre*+"ence # D+$i"i+" A(%i$$(ni%y in Si$!"e< +nd M("%i!"e<
D+$i"ies 3i%) '(*eni"e R)e($+%id Ar%)ri%is.> ART5RITIS
R5EUMATISM PS F9::9GI JRLJ8JRLS.
424. C+n%rn+ MT, M(nsic@ C, Be$iss C, Ai c"+B. J,9L8
Di)ydr<yc)"ec+"ci#er" Pre*en%s +nd A$e"ir+%es Sy$!%$s #
E<!eri$en%+" M(rine In#"+$$+%ry B3e" Dise+se.> 0. NUTR. JQ:
F9::GI 9SPR89SL9.
425. C+n%rn+ MT, 4d3+rd 4D, 5+yes CE, Ai c"+B. J,9L8
Di)ydr<y*i%+$in DQ i + !si%i*e re/("+%r # %)e %3 +n%i8
ence!)+"i%/enic sy %@ines TGD8BJ +nd IL8P.> IMMUNOL. JS:
FJOORGI LQJP8LQJO.
426. C+n%rn+ MT, 5($!+"84in%er ,, Ai DeL(c+ 5DI Die%+ry
c+"ci($ is + $+'r #+c%r in J,9L8Di)ydr<yc)"ec+"ci#er"
s(!!ressin # e<!eri$en%+" +(%i$$(ne ence8!)+"$ye"i%is in
$ice>. 0. NUTR. J9O FJOOOGI JOSS8JO;J.
427. M("%i!"e sc"ersis In%ern+%in+" Deder+%in.
A"%ern+%i*e T)er+!ies.> 9L n*. 9::Q.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I00333.$si#.r/0en0sy$!%$s
%re+%$en% *er*ie30 +"%ern+%i*e.)%$".
C+!i%"(" J: J. Dr+sse% LA, Tdd VM, Mrris C, ,r, Ai c"+B.
4r"d3ide incidence # )i! #r+c%(re in e"der"y 3$enI re"+%in %
cns($!%in # +ni$+" +nd *e/e%+B"e #ds>.0.
GERONTOLOG? LL F9:::GI MLRL8MLO9.
428. ABe"3 B,, 5"#rd R, Ai Ins/n+ VL. Crss8c("%(r+"
+ssci+%in Be%3een die%+ry +ni$+" !r%ein +nd )i! #r+c%(reI +
)y!%)esis>. CALCID. T"SSUE INT. L: FJOO9GI JP8JR.
429. 4+%c)s$+n A Ai Berns%ein DSI Die% +nd s%e!rsis>.
LANCETP $+i JOSR FJOSRGI OLR8OLO.
430. B+rCe" U.S. Acid "+din/ +nd s%e!rsis>. 0. AM. GERIATR.
SOC. Q: FJOR9GI SJQ.
431. S)er$+n 5C. C+"ci($ rea(ire$en% #r $+in%en+nce in $+n>. 0.
BIOL. C5EM. QOFJO9:GI 9J89;.
432. Pr%eine"e de ri/ine +ni$+"6 cn.in $+i $(".i +$in8+ciCi, c+re
"+ r7nd(" "r cn.in s("#. C7nd s(n% di/er+.i Ai $e%+B"iC+.i, +ceA%i
+$in8+ciCi !rd(c in(" s("#+% /ener+%r de +cid, c+re %reB(ie
e<cre%+% !rin rinic)i. Un r+!r% recen% + +r6%+% cre"+.ie re$+rc+Bi"6
de RP^ =n%re cns($(" de !r%eine +ni$+"e Ai e<cre.i+ (rin+r6 +cid6
+ s("#+%("(i.
433. Brsn+n T, Ai Brsn+n ME. Die%+ry !r%ein, $e%+B"ic +cidsis
+nd c+"ci($ B+"+nce.> InI 5.5. Dr+!er FedG, AD2ANCES IN
NUTRIIONAL RESEARC5, !. ;;8J:L. Ne3 ?r@I P"en($ Press,
JOR9.
434. Dr+sse%% LA, Tdd VM, Mrris RC, Ai c"+B. Es%i$+%in #
ne% end/en(s nn8c+rBnic +cid !rd(c%in in )($+ns #r$ die%
!%+ssi($ +nd !r%ein cn%en%s.> AM. d. CLIN. NUTRI. SR FJOORGI
L;S8LRQ.
435. M+r/en S, C)( ,8?8 V+(#$+nn NA, Ai c"+B. S%(dies in
c+"ci($ $e%+B"is$ I. T)e c+"ci(re%ic e##ec% # die%+ry !r%ein.>
.AM.d. CLIN. NUTR. 9; FJO;PGI LRP8LRO.
436. 5e/s%ed M, Sc)(e%%e SA, Ke$e" MB, Ai c"+B. Urin+ry c+"ci($
+nd c+"ci($ B+"+nce in y(n/ $en +s +##ec%ed By "e*e" # !r%ein
+nd !)s!)r(s in%+@e>. N. NUTR. JJJ FJORJGI LLQ8LS9.
437. Vers%e%%er ,E, Ai A""en L5. Die%+ry !r%ein incre+ses (rin+ry
c+"ci($.> 0. NUTR. J9: FJOO:GI JQP8JQS.
438. 4es%$+n EC, ?+ncy 4S, Ed$+n ,S, Ai c"+B. C+rB)ydr+%e
Die% !r/r+$.> AM. 0.Me&i""QF9::9GI Q:8QS.
439. Se""$eyer DE, S%ne VL, SeB+s%i+n A, Ai c"+B. A )i/) r+%i #
die%+ry +ni$+" % *e/e%+B"e !r%ein incre+ses %)e r+%e # Bne "ss
+nd %)e ris@ # #r+c%(re in !s%$en!+(s+" 3$en>. AM.d. CLIN.
NUTR. ;Q F9::JGI JJR8J99.
440. 5e/s%ed DM. C+"ci($ +nd s%e!rsis>.0. NUTR. JJS
FJORSGI 9QJS89QJO.
441. 5e+ney RP. Pr%ein in%+@e +nd Bne )e+"%)I %)e in# "(ence #
Be"ie# sys%e$s n %)e cnd(c% # n(%ri.in+" science.> AM.d. CLIN.
NUTR. ;Q F9::JGI L8S.
442. C($$in/s SR Ai B"+@ D. Bne $e+s(re$en%s +nd ris@ #
#r+c%(re in C+(c+si+n 3$enI + re*ie3 # #indin/s #r !rs!ec%i*e
s%(dies.> AM. d. MED. OR FS(!!" 9AG FJOOLGI9s89Ps.
443. M+rs)+"" D, ,)ne"" O Ai 4ede" 5. Me%+8+n+"ysis # )3 3e""
$e+s(res # Bne $iner+" densi%y !redic% cc(rrence # s%e!r%ic
#r+c%(res.> BRIT. MED. dOURN. QJ9 FJOOSGI J9LP8J9LO.
444. Li!s P. E!ide$i"/y +nd !redic%rs # #r+c%(res +ssci+%ed
3i%) s%e!rsis>. AM. d. MED. J:Q F9AG FJOO;GI QS8JJS.
445. L+ne NE, Ai Ne*i%% MC. Os%e+r%)ri%is, Bne $+ss, +nd
#r+c%(resI )3 +re %)ey re"+%ed?> ART5RITIS R5EUMATISM PS
F9::9GI J8P.
446. L(c+s DL, C+("ey ,A, S%ne RA Ai c"+B. Bne $iner+" densi%y
+nd ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncerI di##erences By #+$i"y )is%ry # Bre+s%
c+ncer>. A$. 0. EPIDEMIOL. JPR FJOORGI 9989O.
447. C+("ey , A, L(c+s DL, V(""er L5 Ai c"+B. Bne $iner+"
densi%y +nd ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer in "der 3$enI %)e s%(dy #
s%e!r%ic #r+c%(res.> IAMA 9;S FJOOSGI JP:P8JPOR.
448. Mincey BAI Os%e!rsis in 3$en 3i%) Bre+s% c+ncer.> C(rr.
Onc". R!%s. L F9::QGI LQ8L;.
449. Riis B,. %)e r"e # Bne "ss>. AM.G. MED. OR FS(!!". 9A
FJOOLGI 9S89Os.
450. 5 SC. Bdy $e+s(re$en%s, Bne $+ss, +nd #r+c%(resI des
%)e E+s% di##er #r$ %)e 4es%?> CLIN. ORT5OPAED. RELATEDRES.
Q9Q FJOOSGI ;L8R:.
451. As!r+y T,, Pren%ice A, C"e T,, Ai c"+B. L3 $iner+" cn%en%
is c$$n B(% s%e!r%ic #r+c%(res +re r+re in e"der"y r(r+"
G+$Bi+n 3$en>. 0. BONE M"N. RES. JJ FJOOSGI J:JO8J:9L.
452. Ts+i8V8S. Os%e!r%ic #r+c%(re r+%e, Bne $iner+" densi%y, +nd
Bne $e%+B"is$ in T+i3+n>. 0. DORMOSAN MED. ASSOC. OS
FJOO;GI R:98R:L.
453. 4( A5, Pi@e MC, Ai S%r+$ DO. Me%+8+n+"ysisI die%+ry #+%
in%+@e, ser($ es%r/en "e*e"s,+nd %)e ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer>.0. NAT.
CANCERLNST.OJ FJOOOGI L9O8LQP.
454. UCLA Vidney S%ne Tre+%$en% Cen%er. Vidney
S%nes 8Inde<.> M+r%ie JOO;. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333.r+dsci.(c"+.ed(IR:::0/(0s%nes0@idneys%ne.)% $".
455. S%+$+%e"( VV, Dr+ncis ME, ,nes CA Ai c"+B. Ti$e %rends in
re!r%ed !re*+8"ence # @idney s%nes>. V"DNE? INT. SQ F9::QGI
JRJ;8JR9Q.
456. Aces% %i! /eneric r+r de !i+%r6 "+ rinic)i reC("%6 din inc+!+ci%+%e+
rinic)i"r de + re+BsrBicis%ein+, (n+$in8+cid.
457. R+$e"" A, 2i%+"e C, Ai M+r+n/e""+ M. E!ide$i"/y #
ne!)"%)i+sis.> 0. NEP5ROL. JQ FS(!!" QO F9:::GI SSL8S;:.
458. RBer%sn 4G, Pe+cc@ M, Ai 5d/@insn A. Die%+ry c)+n/es
+nd %)e incidence # (rin+ry c+"c("i in %)e U.V. Be%3een JOLR +nd
JO;S>. C5RON. DIS. Q9 FJO;OGI PSO8P;S.
459. RBer%sn 4G, Pe+cc@ M, 5eyB(rn P,, Ai c"+B. Ris@ #+c%rs
in c+"ci($ s%ne dise+se # %)e (rin+ry %r+c%>. BRIT. 0. UROTOG?
L: FJO;RGI PPO8PLP.
460. RBer%sn 4GI E!ide$i"/ic+" ris@ #+c%rs in c+"ci($ s%ne
dise+se>. SCANDd. UROL. NEP5ROL. SUPPL. LQ FJOR:GI JL8Q:.
461. RBer%sn 4G, Pe+cc@ M, 5eyB(rn P,, Ai c"+B. S)("d
rec(rren% c+"ci($ <+"+%e s%ne #r$ersBec$e*e/e%+ri+ns?>
BRIT. 0. UROLOG?LJ FJO;OGI P9;8PQJ.
462. Ace+s%6 in#r$+.ie + #s% !reCen%+%6 "+ se$in+r(" Dr.
RBer%sn "+ Trn%.
463. RBer%sn 4G. Die% +nd c+"ci($ s%nes>. MINER
ELECTROL?TE METAB. JQ FJOR;GI 99R89QP.
464. C+ LC, Be*e ER, de Br(i'n, Ai c"+B. A re*ie3 # ne3
cnce!%s in ren+" s%ne rese+rc).> Sc+nnin/ Micrsc!y ; FJOOQGI
J:PO8J:SL.
465. Dried$+n DS, Cn/dn N, Ve$!en ,, Ai c"+B. 2ISION
PROBLEMS IN T5E U.S.I PRE2ALENCE OD ADULT 2ISION
IMPAIRMENT AND AGE8RELATED E?E DISEASE IN AMERICA.>
Be%)esd+, MDI Pre*en% B"indness in A$eric+. N+%in+" Eye
Ins%i%(%e, 9::9.
466. D%e CS. P)%sensi%iCed <id+%in +nd sin/"e% <y/enI
cnsea(ences in Bi"8/ic+" sys%e$s. 2i. 9, Ne3 ?r@I Ac+de$ic
Press, JO;S.
467. Seddn ,M, A'+ni UA, S!erd(% RD, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry
c+r%enids, *i%+$ins A, C +nd E, +nd +d*+nced +/e8re"+%ed $+c("+r
de/ener+%in. ,AMA9;9 FJOOPGI JPJQ8JP9:.
468. Eye Dise+se C+se8Cn%r" S%(dy Gr(!. An%i<id+n% s%+%(s
+nd ne*+sc("+r +/e8re"+%ed $+c("+rde/ener+%in.> ARC5.
OP5T5ALMOL. JJJ FJOOQGI J:P8J:O.
469. Ce"e"+"%e !+%r( /r(!e de +"i$en%e +( #s% Brc"i, $rc*ii,
n+!ii Ai d*"e+c(" de i+rn6, d*edind(8se red(ceri +"e B"ii c(
LQ^, 9R^, QQ^ Ai res!ec%i* PP^. Diec+re red(cere er+ d+r
+!r<i$+%i*6 s+( I+ "i$i%+ de + #i se$ni#ic+%i*6 din !(nc% de *edere
s%+%is%ic.
PP. Ber$+nER. B"OC5EMISTR?ODT5EE?E. FPERSPECTI2ESIN2ISION
RESEARC5G. Ne3 ?r@, N.?.I P"en($ P(B"is)in/ Cr!r+%in,
JOOJ.
470. Ly"e B,, M+res8Per"$+n ,A, V"ein BEV, Ai c"+B. An%i<id+n%
In%+@e +nd Ris@ # Inciden% A/e8re"+%ed N(c"e+r C+%+r+c%s in %)e
Be+*er D+$ Eye S%(dy>. AM. d. EPIDEMIOL. JPO FJOOOGI R:J8
R:O.
471. B+%es C,, C)en S,, M+cdn+"d A, Ai c"+B. i(+n%i%+%in #
*i%+$in E +nd + c+r%enid !i/$en% in c+%+r+c%er(s )($+n "enses
+nd %)e e##ec% # + die%+ry s(!8!"e$en%.> INT.n. 2ITAM. NUTR. RES.
SS FJOOSGI QJS8Q9J.
472. 2+r$+ SD, Be+c)y NA, Ai Risc)+rds RD. P)%!er<id+%in #
"ens "i!idsI !re*en%in By *i%+$in E.> P5OTOC5EM. P5OTOBIOL.
QS FJOR9GI S9Q8S9S.
473. T+"+n ,. A"C)ei$er[s di+/nses c+n Be %3 ye+rs "+%e.>
IT5ACA ,OURNALI RA.
474. Pe%ersen RC, S$i%) GE, 4+rin/ SC, Ai c"+B. Mi"d c/ni%i*e
i$!+ir$en%.> ARC5. NEUROL. LS FJOOOGI Q:Q8Q:R.
475. Vi*i!e"% M, 5e"@+"+ E8L, 5+r%ninen T, Ai c"+B. Mid"i#e
*+sc("+r ris@ #+c%rs +nd "+%e8"i#e $i"d c/ni%i*e i$!+ir$en%. A
!!("+%in B+sed s%(dy.> NEUROLOG?LS F9::JGI JSRQ8JSRO.
476. Bre%e"er MMB, C"+(s ,,, GrBBee DE, Ai c"+B.
C+rdi*+sc("+r dise+se +nd dis%riB(%in # c/ni%i*e #(nc%in in
e"der"y !e!"eI %)e R%%erd+$ S%(dy.> BRIT. MED. ,OURN. QR
FJOOPGI JS:P8JS:R.
477. 5++n MN, S)e$+ns@i L, ,+/(s% 4,, Ai c"+B. T)e r"e #
APOE eP in $d("+%in/ e#=ec%s # %)er ris@ #+c%rs #r c/ni%i*e
dec"ine in e"der"y !ersns.> ,AMA 9R9 FJOOOGI P:8PS.
478. S!+r@s DL, M+r%in TA, Grss DR, Ai c"+B. Lin@ Be%3een )e+r%
dise+se, c)"es8%er", +nd A"C)ei$er[s dise+seI + re*ie3.>
M"CROSCOP? RES. TEC5. L: F9:::GI 9R;89O:.
479. S"%er A,, T+n/ MU, *+n D(i'in CM, Ai c"+B. A!"i!!r%ein
E eP +nd ris@ # de$en%i+ 3i%) s%r@e. A !!("+%in B+sed
in*es%i/+%in>. ,AMA 9;; FJOO;GI RJR8R9J.
480. Messier C, Ai G+/nn M. G"(cse re/("+%in +nd c/ni%i*e
#(nc%insI re"+%in % A"C)ei$er[s dise+se +nd di+Be%es.> BE5A2.
BRAIN RES. ;L FJOOSGI J8JJ.
481. O%% A, S%"@ RP, 5# $+n A, Ai c"+B. Assci+%in # di+Be%es
$e""i%(s +nd de$en%i+I %)e R%%erd+$ S%(dy.> Di+Be%"/i+ QO
FJOOSGI JQO98JQO;.
482. V+nne" 4B, 4"# PA, 2er%er ,, Ai c"+B. E!ide$i"/ie
Assess$en% # %)e r"e # B"d !ress(re in s%r@e>. JA/A 9JP
FJO;:GI Q:J8QJ:.
483. L+(ner L,, M+s+@i, Pe%r*i%c) 5, Ai c"+B. T)e +ssci+%in
Be%3een $id"i#e B"d !ress(re "e*e"s +nd "+%e8"i#e c/ni%i*e
#(nc%in>. JA/A 9;P FJOOLGI JRPS8JRLJ.
484. 4)i%e L, Pe%r*i%c) 5, Rss G4, M+s+@i V5, ABB%% RD, Ten/
EL, Rdri/(eC BL, B"+nc)e%%e PL, 5+*"i@ R, 4er/3s@e G, C)i( D,
D"ey D,, M(rd+(/) C, TI C(rB ,D. Pre*+"ence # de$en%i+ in
"der ,+!+nese8A$eric+n $en in 5+3+ii. T)e 5n"("(8Asi+ A/in/
S%(dy>. JA/A 9;SIOLL8OS:,JOSS.
485. 5endrie 5C, O/(nniyi A, 5+"i VS, Ai c"+B. Incidence #
de$en%i+ +nd A"C)ei$er Dise+se in 9 c$$(ni%iesI ?r(B+ residin/
in IB+d+n, Ni/eri+ +nd A#ric+n A$eric+ns residin/ in Indi+n+!"is,
Indi+n+>. JA/A 9RL F9::JGI ;QO8;P;.
486. C)+ndr+ 2, P+nd+* R, Dd/e 55, Ai c"+B. Incidence #
A"%C)ei$er[s dise+se in + r(r+" c$$(ni%y in Indi+I %)e Ind8U.S.
S%(dy.> NEUROLOG?L; F9::JGI ORL8ORO.
487. Gr+n% 4B. Die%+ry "in@s % A"C)ei$er[s dise+seI JOOO U!d+%e>.
0. ALK5EIMER[S DIS JFJOOOGI JO;89:J.
488. Gr+n% 4B. Incidence # de$en%i+ +nd A"C)ei$er dise+se in
Ni/eri+ +nd %)e Uni%ed S%+%es>. JA/A 9RL F9::JGI 9PPR.
489. Aces% s%(di( !(B"ic+% recen% es%e $+i in%eres+n% dec7% ce"e"+"%e
de+rece *i%+$in+ E + #s% $6s(r+%6 =n%r8(n $d c+re es%e $+i
dis%inc%, +*7nd =n *edere #+!%(" c6 *i%+$in+ E es%e d(s6 =n /r6si$e+
din s7n/e. Adic6, (n ni*e" ridic+% de *i%+$in+ E =n s7n/e !+%e,
(neri, s6 #ie d+%r+% (nr ni*e"(ri ridic+%e +"e /r6si$i"r din s7n/e.
FA$. 0. =(ID=/IGL9 JL: FJOOOGW Q;8PPG.
490. E#ec%e"e *i%+$inei C Ai +"e se"eni("(i =n%r8(n s%(di( +" "(i
Per@ins FA$. ,. E!ide$i". JL: FJOOOGW Q;8PPG n( +( #s%
se$ni#ic+%i*e din !(nc% de *edere s%+%is%ic =n%r8(n $de" de re/resie
"/is%ic6, !%ri*i% +(%ri"r. E( n( s(n% de +crd c( cnc"(Ci+ "r
de+rece %endin.+ in*ers6 dC68r6s!(ns> Fni*e"(ri ridic+%e de +n%i8
<id+n%+n.i =n s7n/e, !ierderi de $e$rie $+i $iciG + #s% =n $d
i$!resin+n% Ai c"+r se$ni#ic+%i*6. A(%rii n( +( +Brd+% +ce+s%6
desc!erire =n +n+"iC+ "r.
491. Or%e/+ RM, Rea(e' AM, Andres P, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry in%+@e
+nd c/ni%i*e #(nc8%in in + /r(! # e"der"y !e!"e>. A$. 0. CM,
NUTR. SS FJOO;GI R:Q8R:O.
492. Perri/ 4d, Ai S%+)e"in 5B. T)e re"+%in Be%3een +n%i<id+n%e
+nd $e$ry !er#r$+nce in %)e "d +nd *ery "d.>. 0. A$.
GERIATR. SOC. PL FJOO;GI ;JR8;9P.
493. G+"e CR, M+r%yn CN, Ai C!er C. C/ni%i*e i$!+ir$en% +nd
$r%+"i%y in + c)r% # e"der"y !e!"e>. BRIT. MED. ,OURN. QJ9
FJOOSGI S:R8SJJ.
494. Gd3in ,S, Gd3in ,M, Ai G+rry P,. Assci+%in Be%3een
n(%ri.in+" s%+%(s +nd c/ni%i*e #(nc%in in + )e+"%)y e"der"y
!!(["+%in.> ,AMA9PO FJORQGI 9OJ;89O9J.
495. I.i$.i ,4, L+(ner L,, 4i%%e$+n ,CM, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry
+n%i<id+n%e +nd c/ni%i*e #(nc%in in + !!("+%in8B+sed s+$!"e #
"der !ersnsI %)e R%%erd+$ S%(dy.> A$. 0. EPIDEMIOL. JPP
FJOOSGI 9;L89R:.
496. M+r%in A, Prir R, S)(@i%%85+"e B, Ai c"+B. E##ec%s # #r(i%s,
*e/e%+B"es r *i%+$in E8ric) die% n *i%+$in E +nd C dis%riB(%in in
!eri!)er+" +nd Br+in %iss(esI i$!"i8c+%ins #r Br+in #(nc%in.> 0.
GERONTOLOG? LLA F9:::GI BJPP8BJLJ.
497. ,se!) ,A, S)(@i%%85+"e B, Denis*+ NA, Ai c"+B. Re*ers+"s
# +/e8re"+%ed dec"ines in ne(rn+" si/n+" %r+nsd(c%in, c/ni%i*e
+nd $%r Be)+*ir+" de#ici%e 3i%) B"(eBerry, s!in+c), r s%r+3Berry
die%+ry s(!!"i$en%+%in.> 0. NEUROSCI. JO FJOOOGI RJJP8RJ9J.
498. Gi""$+n M4, C(!!"es LA, G+/nn D, Ai c"+B. Pr%ec%i*e
e##ec% # #r(i% +nd *e/e%+B"es n de*e"!$en% # s%r@e in $en.>
0AMA 9;Q FJOOLGI JJJQ8JJ;.
499. V+"$i'in S, L+(ner L,, Or% A, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #+% in%+@e +nd
%)e ris@ # inciden% de$en%i+ in %)e R%%erd+$ S%(dy.> ANN.
NEUROL. P9 FJOO;GI ;;S8;R9.
500. Tendin.+ /ener+"6 + B"ii A"C)ei$er n( + #s% se$ni#ic+%i*6 din
!(nc% de *edere s%+%is%ic, !+%e d+%ri%6 n($6r(" (i $ic de c+C(ri de
B+"6.
501. C"+r@e R, S$i%) D, ,Bs% VA, Ai c"+B. Di+%e, *i%+$in BJ9+nd
ser($ %%+" )$8cys%eine "e*e"s in cn#ir$ed A"C)ei$er dise+se>.
ARC5 NEUROL. LL FJOORGI JPPO8JPLL.
502. McC(""y VS. 5$cys%eine %)ery # +r%erisc"ersisI
de*e"!$en% +nd c(rren% s%+%(s>. InI A.M. G%%, ,r, Ai R. P+"e%%i
Fedi%G, AT5ERSCLEROSIS RE2IE4S, *i. II, !. JL;89PS. Ne3
?r@I R+*en Press, JORQ.
;R. E<is%6 !siBi"6 di#ic("%+%e =n +ce+s%6 "/ic6 %%(Ai. Ni*e"(ri"e de
)$cis%ein6 s(n% re/"+%e =n !+r%e de *i%+$ine"e B, in $d s!eci+"
+cid(" #"ie Ai *i%+$in+ BJ9, i+r !ers+ne"e c+re +( de#icien.e in
+ces%e *i%+$ine +r !(%e+ s6 +iB6 ni*e"(ri $+i ridic+%e +"e
)$cis%einei. Pers+ne"e c+re n( cns($6 +"i$en%e de ri/ine
+ni$+"6 +( risc(" de + +*e+ *+"ri red(se +"e *i%+$inei BJ9, Ai +s%#e"
ni*e"(ri ridic+%e +"e )$cis%einei. T%(Ai, +A+ c($ s8+ descris =n
c+!i%"(" JJ, +ce+s%+ +re $+i $("% de8+ #+ce c( se!+r+re+ n+s%r6 de
n+%(r6 Ai n( c( "i!s6 + +"i$en%+.iei !e B+C6 de !"+n%e.
PARTEA III
J. )%%!I 0 0 333.s(%)Be+c)die%.c$ , +cces+% "+ 9S.:P.9::P.
C+!i%"(" JJ
J. A%@ins RC. D*9 AT_INSR N=^ DI=T *=EGLUTIGN, Ne3 ?r@,
N?I A*n B@s, JOOO.
503. T)e A"!)+8Tc!)er" Be%+ C+r%ene C+ncer Pre*en%in S%(dy
Gr(!. T)e e##ec% # *i%+$in E +nd Be%+ c+r%ene in %)e incidence #
"(n/ c+ncer +nd %)er c+n8cers in $+"e s$@ers>. N=^=N:L9 ,.
/=D9 QQ: FJOOPGI J:9O8J:QL.
504. O$enn GS, Gd$+n GE, T)rna(is% MD, Ai c"+B. E##ec%s # +
c$Bin+%in # Be%+ c+r%ene +nd *i%+$in A n "(n/ c+ncer +nd
c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+se>. N=^ ENGL.G. /=D9 QQP FJOOSGI JJL:8JJLL.
505. U.S. Pre*en%i*e T+s@ Drce. R(%ine *i%+$in s(!!"e$en%+%in %
!re*en% c+ncer +nd c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+seI rec$$end+%ins +nd
r+.in+"e.> ANN. INT=*NAI /=D9 JQO F9::QGI LJ8LL.
506. Mrris CD, Ai C+rsn S. R(%ine *i%+$in s(!!"e$en%+%in %
!re*en% c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+seI + s($$+ry # %)e e*idence #r %)e
U.S. Pre*en%i*e Ser*ices T+s@ Drce.> ANN. INT=*NAI /=D9 JQO
F9::QGLS8;:.
507. V"+%+ G. 2i%+$insI $re $+y Be % $+ny FScience Sec%inGI
TH= N=^ @G*_ TI/=S, 9O +!ri"ie 9::QIJ,S.
508. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re USA. USDA N(%rien% D+%+B+se #r
S%+nd+rd Re#e8rence.> 4+s)in/%n DCI U.S. De!+r%$en% #
A/ric("%(re, A/ric("%(re Rese+rc) Ser*ice, 9::9. Acces+%
"+)%%!I333. n+i. USDA./*0#nic0#dc$!
509. 5"den ,M, E"drid/e AL, Beec)er GR, Ai c"+B. C+r%enid
cn%en% # U.S. #dsI +n (!d+%e # %)e d+%+B+se.> ,. Dd C$!.
An+". J9 FJOOOGI JSO8J^.
510. En($er+re+ e<+c%6 + +"i$en%e"r =n B+C+ de d+%e + #s%I c+rne
%c+%6, R:^ c+$e $+cr609:^ /r6si$e, cr(d6W !rc, !r+s!6%6, %c+%6,
cr(d6W !(i, !en%r( /r6%+r s+( #ri!%, c+rne Ai !ie"e, cr(d6W "+!%e, !r+#,
in%e/r+"W s!+n+c cr(dW rAii, c+!%e, cr(de, dis!niBi"e =n c(rs("
+n("(iW #+s"e Li$+, $+re, B+Be +'(nse "+ $+%(ri%+%e, cr(deW $+C6re
*erde, cr(d6W c+r%#i rC, c( %% c( c+'6, cr(Ci.
511. MC+#+r A.I Enric)$en% # s$e B8*i%+$ins in !"+n%s 3i%)
+!!"ic+%in # r/+nic #er%i"iCers.> PLANTANDSOIL JS; FJOOPGI
Q:L8QJJ.
512. Br+nd D, Ai Se/e"@en R. L+r/es%scien%i#ice##r% in C$e""[s
)is%ry+nn(nced>. CORNELH C5RONICLE, O $+i 9::9.
513. As)r+#i V, C)+n/ D?, 4+%%s ,L, Ai c"+B. Gen$e83ide RN Ai
+n+"ysis # C+ern8)+Bi%ise"e/+ns#+%re/("+%ry/enes>. NATUREP9J
F9::QGI 9SR89;9.
514. S)er$er M.I S@e!%ic+" s+yin/s. 4i% +nd 3isd$ #r$ s@e!%ics
!+s% +nd !re8sen%.>S%e!#icOF9::9GI9R.
515. Nicid+%6 n( !re+ $i8+ !"6c(% s6 !(n +s%#e" de !(nc%e s!eci#ice
de =n%rer(!ere !e se+$+ ini.ierii, =n+in%6rii Ai !r/resiei B"i"r
crnice, de+rece +se$ene+ !(nc%e de =n%rer(!ere =n c+dr(" #iec6r(i
s%+di( +" B"ii crnice s(n% c$!"e% +rBi%r+re. Ce es%e i$!r%+n% de
A%i(% es%e #+!%(" c6 !(%e$ +*e+ %+%6 *i+.+ B+"6 crnic6, i+r d+c6
!r/rese+C6 *+ #+ce =n%r8(n $d #+r%e #"(id Ai cn%in((.
516. 5i"deBr+nd GLG, 5i"deBr+nd LC, Br+d#rd @. Ai c"+B. Di*e8
ye+r s(r*i*+" r+%es # $e"+n$+ !+%ien%s %re+%ed By die% %)er+!y +#%er
%)e $+nner # GersnI + re%rs!ec%i*e re*ie3>. ALTERNATI2E
T5ERAPIES IN 5EALT5 AND MEDICINE J FJOOLGI 9O8Q;.
517. McD(/+"" ,A. McD(/+""[s Medicine, A C5ALLENGING
SECOND OPINION. Pisc+%+3+y, N,I Ne3 Cen%(ry P(B"is)ers, Inc,
JORL.
518. S3+n@ RL. M("%i!"e sc"ersis %3en%y ye+rs n "3 #+% die%>.
ARC5. NEUROL. 9Q FJO;:GI PS:8P;P.
519. S3+n@ RL. E##ec% # "3 s+%(r+%ed #+% d ie% in e+r"y +nd "+%e
c+ses # $("%i!"e sc"ersis>. LANCET QQS FJOO:GI Q;8QO.
PARTEA I2
C+!i%"(" JQ
520. C"en BDI T die in Ti'(+n+W + s%ry # #+i%), )!e +nd "+e%ri"e.>
T5E 4AS5INGTON POST MAGAKINE, P se!%. JO;;IJ:.
521. B(rrs M. T)e s%in/? A$eric+[s s(!!"e$en%s +!!e%i%eI scien%is%s
+re d(Bi(s, B(% A$eric+[s +!!e%i%e #r #d s(!!"e$en%s @ee!s
/r3in/.> T5E 4AS5INGTON POST 9 +(/(s% JO;OI E".
522. 5i"/+r%ner S. SCIENCE ON STAGE. EUPERT AD2ICE AS PUBLIC
DRAMA. S%+n# rd, CAI S%+n#rd Uni*ersi%y Press, 9:::.
523. N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci". Die%, N(%ri%in +nd C+ncer,
4+s)in/%n, DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JOR9.
524. U.S. Sen+%e. Die%+ry /+"s #r %)e Uni%ed S%+%es, 9nd Edi%in.>
4+s)in/%n, DCI U.S. G*ern$en% Prin%in/ O##ice, JO;;.
525. A$eric+n C(nci" # Science +nd 5e+"%). :R.:J.9::P. Acces+%
"+)%%!I00333. +c)s.r/0+B(%0inde<.)%$"
526. Mind#(""y.r/. :R.:J.9::P.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I00333.+c)s.r/0Pes%icide0ACS58
@!.)%$
527. A$eric+n Scie%y #r N(%ri.in+" Sciences. :R.:J.9::P. Acces+%
"+)%%!I00333. +sns.r/
C+!i%"(" JP
528. N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci". Die%, N(%ri%in +nd C+ncer,
4+s)in/%n, DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, JOR9
529. Uni%ed S%+%es Deder+" Tr+de C$$issin. C$!"+in% c(nse"[s
!r!sed #ind8in/s # #+c%, cnc"(sins # "+3 +nd !r!sed rder
FDc@e% n. OJ;LG.> 4+s)in/%n DCI Uni%ed S%+%es Deder+" Tr+de
C$$issin, 9; dec. JORL.
530. Assci+%ed Press. C$!+ny ne3sW Gener+" N(%ri%in se%%"es
c$!"+in%.> T5E NE4 ?ORV TIMES JP i(nie JORRI DL.
531. 4i""e% 4I Die% +nd c+ncerI ne *ie3 +% %)e s%+r% # %)e
$i""enni($.> CANCER EPI. B"OM.PRE2. J:F9::JGI Q8R.
532. Be"+n/er CD, 5enne@ens C5, Rsner B Ai c"+B. T)e N(rses[
5e%) S%(dyI> AM. ,. NURSING FJO;RGI J:QO8J:P:.
533. M+rc)ine M. T+@in/ %)e "n/ *ie3W #r 9L ye+rs, 5+r*+rd[s
N(rses[ 5e+"%) S%(dy n+s s(/)% +ns3ers % 3$en[s )e+"%)
a(es%ins.> M"L4AUVEE ,OURNAL8Senri[ne0,JSi("ie9::JI:JG.
534. C+rr"" VV. E<!eri$en%+" e*idence # die%+ry #+c%rs +nd
)r$ne8de!enden% c+ncers.> CANCER RES. QL FJO;LGI QQ;P8QQRQ.
535. C)en ,, C+$!Be"" TC, Li ,, Ai c"+B. D"ET, LIDE8ST?LE AND
MORTALIT? IN C5INA. A STUD? OD T5E C5ARACTERISTICS OD
SL C5INESE COUNTIES. O<#rd, UVW I%)+c+, N?W Bei'in/, PRCI
O<#rd Uni*ersi%y PressW Crne"i Uni*ersi%y PressW Pe!"e[s Medic+"
P(B"is)in/ 5(se,JOO:.
536. 5( DB, S%+$!#er Y2I,, M+nsn,E, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry !r%ein
+nd ris@ # isc)e$ic )e+r% dise+se in 3$en.> AM. DOURN. CLIN.
NUTR. ;: FJOOOGI 99J899;.
537. 5"$es MD, 5(n%er D,, C"di%C GA, Ai c"+B. Assci+%in #
die%+ry in%+@e # #+% +nd #+%%y +cids 3i%) ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer.>
,AMA9RJ FJOOOGI OJP8O9:.
538. U.S. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. A/ric("%(re D+c% B@>.
4+s)in/%n, DCI U.S. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re, JOORW ci%+% =nI
INDORMATION PLUS NUTRITIONI A VE? TO GOOD 5EALT5, 4y"ie,
TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
539. =n %i$! ce !rcen%+'(" $edi( de c+"rii !r*eni%e din /r6si$i +
sc6C(% =nce%, +!r%(" $edi( Ci"nic de /r6si$i + r6$+s +ce"+Ai, s+( +
cresc(%.
540. In#r$+%in P"(s N(%ri%inI A VE? TOGOOD5EALT5,
4?LIE, TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
541. 4e/$+ns.c$ JO.:J.9::P. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.3e/$+ns.c$0reci!ies
542. M+rdi3eB.c$. ,C)eesec+@e.> JO.:J.:P. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00$+rdi3eB.e$0"3#+%0desser%.)%$kReci!e:::RL;.
543. Anny$(s. ,Cen%er % Crdin+%e 4$en[s 5e+"%) S%(dy.>
C5ICAGO SUN8TIMES J9 c%. JOO9IJPN.
544. Pren%ice RL, V+@+r DW 5(rs%in/ S, Ai c"+B. As!ec%s # %)e
r+.in+"e #r %)e 4$en[s 5e+"%) Tri+".> 0. NATL. CANCER IN[ST.R:
FJORRGI R:98RJP.
545. 5endersn MM, V(s)i L5, T)$!sn D, Ai c"+B. De+siBi"i%y
# + r+nd$iCed %ri+" # + "38#+% die% #r %)e !re*en%in # Bre+s%
c+ncerW die%+ry c$!"i+nce in %)e 4$en[s 5e+"%) Tr+i" 2+n/(+rd
S%(dy.> PRE2. MED. JO FJOO:GI JJL8JQQ.
546. Sei#. S, Pren%ice R, I*ersn D Ai c"+B. S%+%is%ic+" desi/n # %)e
4$en[s 5e+"%) Tri+">. CONTROLLED CLIN. TRIALS O FJORRGI
JJO8JQS.
547. Ar$s%rn/ D Ai D"I R. En*irn$en%+" #+c%rs +nd c+ncer
incidence +nd $r%+"i%y in di##eren% c(n%ries, 3i%) s!eci+" re#erence
% die%+ry !r+c%ices.> INT. n. C+ncer"LFJO;LGISJ;8SQJ.
548. C+$!Be"" TC. T)e die%+ry c+(ses # de/ener+%i*e dise+sesI
n(%rien%s *s. #ds>. In. N.,I Te$!"e +nd D.P. B(r@i%% Fedi%GI 4es%ern
dise+sesW %)eir die%+ry !re*en%in +nd re*ersiBi"i%y, !. JJO8JL9, NdI
5UMANA PRESS, JOOP.
549. 4)i%e E, S)+%(c@ AL, Vris%+" AR, Ai c"+B. M+in%en+nce # +
"38#+% die%I #""38(! # %)e 4$en[s 5e+"%) Tri+">. CANCER EPI.
BIOM. PRE2. J FJOO9GI QJL8Q9Q.
550. 4i""e% 4CW 5(n%er D,, S%+$!#er M,, Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #+% +nd
#iBer in re"+%in % ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer. A R8ye+r # ""38(!>. ,.AM.
MED. ASSOC. 9SR FJOO9GI 9:Q;89:PP.
9P. 4i""e%%4.,Die%+ry #+% +nd Bre+s% c+ncer>. TOUICOL.SCI. L9
cS(!!"d FJOOOGI J9;8JPS.
551. 5(n%er D,, S!ie/e"$+n D, Ad+$i 58O Ai c"+B. C)r% s%(dies
# #+% in%+@e +nd %)e ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncer + !"ed +n+"ysis.>
NE4ENGL. d. MED. QQP FJOOSGI QLS8QSJ.
552. Miss$er SA, S$i%)84+rner SA, S!ie/e"$+n D, Ai c"+B. Me+%
+nd d+iry cn8s($!%in +nd Bre+s% c+ncerI + !"ed +n+"ysis #
c)r% s%(dies.> INT. ,. EPIDEMIOL. QJ F9::9GI ;R8RL.
553. Rc@)i"" B, 4i""e%% 4C, 5(n%er D,, Ai c"+B. P)ysic+" +c%i*i%y
+nd Bre+s% c+ncer ris@ in + c)r% # y(n/ 3$en.> 0. NAT. CANCER
INST. O: FJOORGI JJLL8JJS:.
554. S$i%)84+rner SA, S!ie/e"$+n D, Ad+$i58O, Ai c"+B. Ty!es
# die%+ry #+% +nd Bre+s% c+ncerI + !"ed +n+"ysis # c)r% s%(dies.>
INT. d. CANCERO9 F9::9GI ;S;8;;P.
555. 5(n%er D,, Mrris ,S, S%+$!#er Ai c"+B. A !rs!ec%i*e s%(dy
# se"eni($ s%+%(s +nd Bre+s% c+ncer ris@>. ,AMA 9SP FJOO:GI JJ9R8
JJQJ.
556. S$i%)84+rner SA, S!ie/e"$+n D, ?+(n S8S8 Ai c"+B. In%+@e #
#r(i%s +nd *e/e8%+B"es +nd ris@ # Bre+s% c+ncerI + !"ed +n+"ysis #
c)r% s%(dies> ,AMA 9RL F9::JGI ;SO8;;S.
557. M(@+$+" V,, Cni/r+*e VM, Mi%%"e$+n MA, Ai c"+B R"es
# drin@in/ !+%%ern +nd %y!e # +"c)" cns($ed in crn+ry )e+r%
dise+se in $en.> NE4ENGL. d. MED. QPR F9::QGI J:O8JJR.
558. T+n+sesc( M, 5( DB, 4i""e%% 4C Ai c"+B. A"c)"
cns($!%in +nd ris@ # crn+ry )e+r% dise+se +$n/ $en 3i%) %y!e
9 di+Be%es $e""i%(s>. 0. AM. COLI. CARDIOL. QR F9::JGI JRQS8
JRP9.
559. S$i%)84+rner SA, S!ie/e"$+n D, ?+(n S8S, Ai c"+B. A"c)"
+nd Bre+s% c+ncer in 3$en. A !"ed +n+"ysis # c)r% s%(dies.>
,AMA 9;O FJOORGI LQL8LP:.
560. 5e V, Ri$$ EB, Merc)+n% A, Ai c"+B. Dis) cns($!%in +nd
ris@ # s%r@e in $en.> ,AMA 9RR F9::9GI QJQ:8QJQS.
561. A"Ber% CM, 5enne@ens C5, O[Dnne"" C,, Ai c"+B. Dis)
cns($!%in +nd ris@ # s(dden c+rdi+c de+%)>. ,AMA 9;O FJOORGI
9Q89R.
562. U.S. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. ,DSDA N(%rien% D+%+B+se #r
S%+nd+rd Re#e8rence,> 4+s)in/%n DC, De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re,
A/ric("%(re Rese+rc) Ser*ice, 9::9. Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0
333.n+".(sd+./*0#nic0#dc$!
563. 5( DB, S%+$!#er M,, Ri$$ EB, Ai c"+B. A !rs!ec%i*e s%(dy
# e// cns($!%in +nd ris@ # c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+se in $en +nd
3$en>. ,AMA 9RJ FJOOOGI JQR;8JQOP.
564. 5( DB, M+nAn ,E Ai 4i""e%% 4C. Ty!es # die%+ry #+% +nd ris@
# crn+ry )e+r% dise+seI + cri%ic+i re*ie3>. 0. AM. COLI. NUTR. 9:
F9::JGI L8JO.
565. Mi%c)e"" S. ,E//s $i/)% red(ce Bre+s% c+ncer ris@>. UNITED
PRESS INTERNATIONAL 9J #eBr.9::Q.
566. S%ein$e%C V.A. Ai P%%er ,.D. E// cns($!%in +nd c+ncer #
%)e c"n +nd rec%($>. EUR.,. CANCER PRE2.,QI9Q;89PL,JOOP.
567. Gi*+nn(cci E, Ri$$. EB, S%+$!#er M,, Ai c"+B. In%+@e #
#+%, $e+% +nd #iBer in re"+%in % ris@ # c"n c+ncer in $en.>
CANCER RES. LP FJOOPGI 9QO:89QO;.
568. D(c)s CS, Gi*+nn(cci E, C"di%C GA Ai c"+B. Die%+ry #iBer
+nd %)e ris@ # c"rec%+" c+ncer +nd +den$+ in 3$en.>
NE4ENGL. ,. MED. QP: FJOOOGI JSO8J;S.
569. 5e//insn,. ,2esen% %rends in c+ncer e!ide$i"/y>. PROC.
CANCER COND. R FJOSOGI P:.;L.
570. B(r@i%% DP. ,E!ide$i"/y # c+ncer # %)e c"n +nd %)e
rec%($.> CANCER 9R FJO;JGIQ8JQ.
571. Tr3e""5CAi B(r@i%% DP. 4ESTERN DISEASESI
T5EIREMERGENCEANDPRE2ENTION. LndnI B(%"er \ T+nner.
L%d., JORJ.
572. Byd ND, M+r%in L,, N##e" M, Ai c"+B. A $e%+8+n+"ysis #
s%(dies # die%+ry8#+% +nd Bre+s% c+ncer ris@.> BRIT. ,. CANCER SR
FJOOQGI S9;8SQS.
573. C+$!Be"" TC. ,Ani$+" !r%ein +nd isc)e$ic )e+r% dise+se.> AM.
,. CLIN. NUTR. ;J F9:::GI RPO8RL:.
PR. 5( DB Ai 4i""e%% 4. Re!"y % TC C+$!Be"">. AM. ,. CLIN.
NUTR. ;J F9:::GI RL:.
574. Mrris CD, Ai C+rsn S. R(%ine *i%+$in s(!!"e$en%+%in %
!re*en% c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+seI + s($$+ry # %)e e*idence #r %)e
U.S. Pre*en%i*e Ser*ices T+s@ Drce.> ANN. INTERNAI MED. JQO
F9::QGI LS8;:.
575. U.S. Pre*en%i*e Ser*ices T+s@ Drce. 0R(%ine *i%+$in
s(!!"e$en%+%in % !re*en% c+ncer +nd c+rdi*+sc("+r dise+seI
rec$$end+%in +nd r+.in+"e.> ANN. INTERNAI. MED. JQO
F9::QGI LJ8LL.
C+!i%"(" JL
576. P(%$+n ,, Ai A""s)(se ,E. Dd cns($!%in, Prices +nd
E<!endi%(res, JO;:8OL>. 4+s)in/%n DCI Uni%ed S%+%es De!+r%$en%
# A/ric("%(re, JOO;. Ci%+% =nI In#r$+%in P"(s. NUTRITIONI A
VE? TOGOOD5EALT5. 4y"ie, TUI In#r$+%in P"(s, JOOO.
577. N+%in+" Di+ry C(nci". JL i("ie 9::Q. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.n+%in+"d+iry c(nci".r/0 +B(%(s.+s!
578. D+iry M+n+/e$en% Inc. 4)+% is D+iry
M+n+/e$en% Inc.?> J9 #eBr. 9::P.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0
333.d+iryc)ec@##.c$0 3)+%isd$i.)%$
579. D+iry M+n+/e$en% Inc. Press re"e+se. ,D+iry c)ec@ ## 9::Q
(ni#ied $+r@e%in/ !"+n B(d/e% /e+red % )e"! incre+se de$+nd in
d$es%ic +nd in%ern+.in+" $+r@e%s>. Rse$n%, ILI 9P i+n 9::Q.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I00333.d+iryc)ec@##.c$0 ne3s .re"e+se8:J9P:Q. +s!
580. N+%in+" 4+%er$e"n Pr$%in B+rd. J9 i+n. 9::P. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333, 3+%er$e"n.r/
581. D+iry M+n+/e$en% Inc. ,9::J Ann(+" Re!r%.> D+iry
M+n+/e$en% Inc. 9::J. Acces+% "+ )%%!I00
333.d+iryc)e@##.c$0+n(+"re!r%.)%$0
582. Uni%ed S%+%es De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. .Re!r% % Cn/ress n
%)e N+%in+" D+iry Pr$%in +nd Rese+rc) Pr/r+$ +nd %)e
N+%in+" D"(id Mi"@ Prcessr Pr$%in Pr/r+$. >9:::. Acces+%
"+ )%%!I00333.+$s.(sd+./*0d+iry0 !rB in%r."N
583. Uni%ed S%+%es De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. Re!r%
% Cn/ress n %)e N+%in+" D+iry Pr$%in +nd Rese+rc) Pr/r+$
+nd %)e N+%in+" D"(id Mi"@ Prcessr Pr$%in Pr/r+$. >9:::.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I00333.+$s.(sd+./*0d+iry0
!rBhre!%h9::Q.)%!
584. N(%ri%in E<!"r+%in. I("ie 9::Q. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.n(%ri%ine<!"r+ %ins.c$
585. P3e"" A. ,Sc)" # P(B"ic 5e+"%) )s%s #d #i/)%I McDn+"d[s,
d+iry ind(s%ry, die%+ry re#r$ers #+ce ## +%
sy$!si($>. 5+r*+rd G+Ce%%eI 9P c%. 9::9. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.ne3s.)+r*+rd.ed(0 /+Ce%%e09::90J:.9P0:O8 #d.)%$"
586. 5+ ?L Gri$ NV +nd P+riy+ M4. 0An%ic+rcin/ens #r$ #ried
/r(nd Bee#I )e+%8+"%ered deri*+.i *es # "in"eic+cid.>
C+rcin/ensisR FJOR;GI JRRJ8JRR;.
587. 5+ ?L, S%r@sn ,, +nd P+riC+ M4. ,n)iBi%in #
BenCF+G!yrene8ind(ced $(se #res%$+c) ne!"+si+ By cn'(/+%ed
denic deri*+%i*es # "in"eic +cid.> CANCER RES. L: FJOO:GI
J:O;8JJ:J.
588. Aydin R, P+riC+ M4, Ai C@ M E. O"i*e ii !re*en%s %)e
+d*erse e##ec%s # die%+ry cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid n c)ic@
)+%c)+Bi"i%y +nd e//a(+"i%y.> 0. NUTR. JQJ F9::JGI R::8R:S.
589. Pe%ers ,M, P+r@ ?, GnC+"ey D,, Ai c"+B. In#"(ence #
cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid n Bdy c$!si%in +nd %+r/e% /ene
e<!ressin in !er<is$e !r"i#er+%r8+c%i8*+%ed rece!%r +"!)+8n(""
$ice.> Bic)i$. Bi!)ys. ACTA JLQQ F9::JGI 9QQ89P9.
590. N%+$Bi ,M, C)i ?, P+r@ ?, Ai c"+B. E##ec% # cn'(/+%ed
"in"eic +cid FCLAG n i$$(ne res!nses, Bdy c$!si%in +nd
s%e+ry"8CA des+%(r+se.> CAN. d. APPL. P0ryi0 .9;F9::9GISJ;8S9;.
591. I! C, C)in SDW Sci$ec+ ,A, Ai c"+B. M+$$+ry c+ncer
!re*en%in By cn'(/+%ed dienic deri*+%i*e # "in"eic +cid.>
CANCER RES. LJ FJOOJGISJJR8SJ9P.
592. I! C, C)en/ ,, T)$!sn 5,, Ai c"+B. Re%en%in #
cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid in %)e $+$$+ry /"+nd is +ssci+%ed 3i%)
%($r in)iBi%in d(rin/ %)e !s%8ini%i+%in !)+se # c+rcin/enesis.>
CARCINOGENSISJR FJOO;GI ;LL8;LO.
593. ?+(@ey ,. 0C)+n/in/ c3s[ die%se"e*+%es $i"@s[ c+ncer8
#i/)%in/.> IT5ACA ,OURNAL J9 n*. JOOSIJ.
594. Be"(ry MA. ,n)iBi%in # c+rcin/enesis By cn'(/+%ed "in"eic
+cidI !%en.i+" $ec)+nis$s # +c%in.> 0. NUTR. JQ9 F9::9GI 9OOL8
9OOR. [
595. I! C, B+nni S, An/ini E, Ai c"+B. Cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid8
enric)ed B(%%er #+% +"%ers $+$$+ry /"+nd $r!)/enesis +nd red(ces
c+ncer ris@ in r+%s.> 0. NUTR. J9O FJOOOGI9JQL89JP9.
596. Griin+ri ,M, Cri BA, L+cy S5, Ai c"+B. Cn'(/+%ed "in"eic
+cid is syn%)esiCed end/en(s"y in "+c%+%in/ d+iry c3s By D>8
des+%(r+se.> ,. NUTR. JQ: F9:::GI99RL899OJ.
597. I! C, Dn/ ?, T)$!sn 5,, Ai c"+B. Cn%r" # r+% $+$$+ry
e!i%)e"i($ !r"i8#er+%inBy cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid.> NUTR.
CANCERQO F9::JGI 9QQ89QR.
598. I! C, Dn/ ?, I! MM, Ai c"+B. Cn'(/+%ed "in"eic +cid
is$ers +nd $+$$+ry c+ncer !re*en%in.> NUTR. CANCERPQ
F9::9GI L98LR.
599. Gi*+n(cci E. Ins("in +nd c"n c+ncer.> C+ncer C+(ses +nd
Cn%r" S FJOOLGI JSP8J;O.
600. Mi""s PV, Beesn 4L, P)i""i!s RL, Ai c"+B. C)r% s%(dy #
die%, "i#es%y"e +nd !rs%+%e c+ncer>.
601. C6(%+.i c(*7n%(" "yc!ene> "+ )%%!I333.ncBi.n"$.ni)./*
602. C)ris%i+n MS, S)("%e S, Ai 5e""3i/ ,. ,De*e"!$en%+" Fe$By8
#e%+" %<ici%y0 %er+%/eneci%yG %<ici%y s%(dies # syn%)e%ic crys%+"ine
"yc!ene in r+%s +nd r+BBi%s>. Dd C)e$. T<ic". PJ F9::QGI ;;Q8
;RQ.
603. Gi*+nn(cci E, Ri$$ E, Li( ?, Ai c"+B. A !rs!ec%i*e s%(dy
% %$+% !rd(c%s +nd !rs%+%e c+ncer ris@>. 0. NAT. CANCER INST.
OP F9::9GI QOJ8QOR.
604. G+nn P5, Ai V)+c)ic@ D. T$+%es r "yc!ene *ers(s !rs%+%e
c+ncerI is e*"(%in+n%ired(c%inis%?> 0. NAT. CANCER INST. OL
F9::QGI JLSQ8JLSL.
Q:. T(c@erG. .N(%ri.in+" en)+nce$en%# !"+n%e>. CURR. OPIN. JP
F9::QGI 99J899L. [
605. 5e ?. E##ec%s # c+r%enids +nd die%+ry c+r%enid e<%r+c%s
n +#"+%<in B,8ind(ced $(%+/enesis +nd
)e!+%c+rcin/enesis, I%)+c+, N?I Crne"i Uni*ersi%y, %eC6 de
dc%r+% JOO:.
606. 5e?, Ai C+$!Be"" TC. E##ec% # c+r%enids n +#"+%<in B,8
ind(ced $(%+/enesis inS. Ty!)i$(ri($ TA J:: +nd TA OR>. NUTR.
CANCER JQ FJOO:GI 9PQ89LQ.
607. Gi*+nn(cci E, Asc)eri A, Ri$$ EB, Ai c"+B. In%+@e #
c+r%enids +nd re%in" in re"+%in % ris@ # !rs%+%e c+ncer> d. NAT.
CANCER INST. R; FJOOLGI J;S;8J;;S.
608. U.S. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. ,,SDA N(%rien% D+%+B+se #r
S%+nd+rd Re#erence>. 4+s)in/%n DC, De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re,
A/ric("%(re Rese+rc) Ser*ice, 9::9. Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0n+"./*0#nic
0#dc$!
609. EBer)+rd% ,2I2, Lee C? Ai Li( R5. An%i<id+n% +c%i*i%y #
#res) +!!"es>. NATUREP:LF9::GIO:Q8OP.
C+!i%"(" JS
J. Dd +nd N(%ri%in B+rd, +nd Ins%i%(%e # Medicine. ,Die%+ry
re#erence #r ener/y, c+rB)ydr+%es, #iBer, #+%, #+%%y +cids,
c)"es%er", !r%ein, +nd +$in +cids F$+crn(%rien%sG>.
4+s)in/%n DCI T)e N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, 9::9. Acces+%
"+
)%%!I 0 0 333.n+!.ed(0c+%+"/0J:PO:.)%$";n!i ne3sdc:O:L :9
610. N+%in+" Ac+de$y # Science. Press Re"e+se. 0Re!r% ##ers ne3
e+ %in/ +nd !)ysic+" +c%i*i%y %+r/e%s % red(ce c)rnic dise+se ris@.> L
se!%. 9::9. 4+s)in/%n DCI N+%in+" Rese+rc) C(nci", Ins%i%(%e #
Medicine. Acces+% "+ )%%!I0 0333P.
n+%in+"+c+de$ies.r/0ne3s.ns#0+sBn0:Q:O:RLQ;Q?O!enDc ($en%
611. 4e/$+ns C$!+ny. Reci!e +nd n(%rien% #+c%s. Acces+% 9::Q.
Dis!niBi" "+ )%%!I 0333.3e/$+n.c$.
612. U.S. De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re. ,USDA N(%rien% D+%+B+se #r
S%+nd+rd Re#erence>. 4+s)in/%n DC, De!+r%$en% # A/ric("%(re,
A/ric("%(re Rese+rc) Ser*ice, 9::9. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00n+"./*0#nic0#dc$!
613. DC+ Ci"nic6 rec$+nd+%6 + #s% e<!ri$+%6 c+ c+n%i%+%e
sin/("+r6 de !r%eine, Ai +n($e :,R /r+$e de !r%eine !er @i"/r+$8
cr!. L+ 99:: c+"rii !e Ci !en%r( !ers+n6 de ;: @/, +ces%e :,R /
s(n% ec)i*+"en%e c( +!r<. J:8JJ^ din %%+"(" de c+"riiI ;: @/ < :,R
/$0@/ < P c+"0 /$ < J099:: c+" < J:: l J:,9^.
614. 4ri/)% ,D, Vennedy8S%e!)ensn ,, 4+n/ C?, Ai c"+B. Trends
in In%+@e # Ener/y +nd Mcrn(%rien%s 8 Uni%ed S%+%es, JO;J89:::.>
MORBIDIT? AND MORTALIT? 4EEVL? REPORT LQ FS #eBr. 9::PGI
R:8R9.
615. Bse"y S. ,S(/+r ind(s%ry %)re+%ens % sc(!!er 45O.> TLIE
GUARDIAN, 9J +!ri"ie 9::Q.
616. Br(nd%"+nd G5. ,S3ee% +nd s(rW T)e 45O is +cc(sed By %)e
s(/+r ind(s%ry # /i*in/ (nscien%i#ic n(%ri%in +d*ice. B(% i%s
rec$$end+%ins +re B+sed n s"id e*idence, s+ys Gr 5+r"e$
Br(n d %"+nd>. NE4 SCIEN TIST, Q $+i 9::QI9Q.
617. In%ern+%in+" Li#e Science Ins%i%(%e. YL SI NORT5 AMERICA.
Acces+% !e JQ #eBr. 9::P. Dis!niBi" "+ )%%!I0 0 333.i"sin+.r/.
618. V(rsB+n M. C$$en%+ryI cn#"ic%ed !+ne" $+@es #r (nn%
/(ide"ines. P)ysici+ns C$$i%%ee #r Res!nsiB"e Medicine. Acces+%
=n i(nie 9::Q. Dis!niBi" I+ )%%!I0 0333 .!cr$ .r/0 )e+" %)0
c$$en%+ry:::P.)%$".
619. C)+i%3i%C S. C(r% r("es +/+ins% USDA[s secrecy +nd #+i"(re %
disc"se cn#"ic% # in%eres% in se%%in/ n(%ri%in !"icies. P)ysici+ns
C$$i%%ee #r Res!nsiB"e Medicine. Acces+% "+ 9; i+n. 9::P.
Dis!niBi" "+ )%%!I00333.!cr$.r/0ne3s0 )e+"%)::J::9.)%$".
620. A$ #s% %i$! de c7.i*+ +ni =n c$i%e%(" de +*iC+re A%iin.i#ic6 +"
PCRM FP)ysici+ns C$rni%%ee #r Res!nsiB"e MedicineG.
621. N+%in+" Ac+de$y # Sciences Ai Ins%i%(%e # Medicine. Die%+ry
Re#erence In%+@es #r Ener/y, C+rB)ydr+%es, DiBer, D+%, D+%%y Acids,
C)"es%er", !r%ein, +nd A$in Acids cs($$+ry s%+%e$en%d.>
4+s)in/%n DC. N+%in+" Ac+de$y Press, se!%. 9::9.
JP. N+%in+" Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%). DeBr. 9::P. Acces+% "+
)%%!I 0 0 333.ni)./*
622. N+%in+" Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%). 0N+%in+" Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%).
S($$+ry # %)e D? 9::L Presiden%[s B(d/e%.> DeBr. 9::P. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333./*.ne3s
623. N+%in+" Ins%i%(%es # 5e+"%). NI5 Dise+se D(ndin/ T+B"eI
S!eci+" Are+s # In%eres%. Acces+% "+ JR +(/(s% 9::Q. Dis!niBi" "+
)%%!I00333./*0ne3s0#indin/ rese+rc)+re+s.)%$
624. C+"c("+% !%ri*i% NI5 Dise+se D(ndin/ T+B"eI S!eci+" Are+s #
In%eres%. 2eCi re#erin.+ +n%eri+r6.
625. N+%in+" C+ncer Ins%i%(%e. ,D? JOOO i(es%ins +nd Ans3ers
!r*ided #r %)e recrd #r %)e D? JOOO 5(se A!!r!ri+%ins
S(Bc$$i%%ee.> JL i("ie 9::Q. Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0 333Q.c+ncer./*0
+d$in0#$B0 JOOOiAs.)%$
626. N+%in+" C+ncer Ins%i%(%e. D? 9::; CONGRESSIONAL
,USTIDICATION. Acces+% "+ 9 $+i 9::P. Dis!niBi" "+
)%%!I0333Q.c+ncer./*0+d$in0#niB0inde<.)%$".
627. An/e"" M. T)e !)+r$+ce(%ic+" ind(s%ry 8 % 3)$ is i%
+cc(n%+B"e?> NE4ENGL. d. MED. QP9 F9:::GI JO:98JO:P.
628. N+%in+" C+ncer Ins%i%(%e, D? 9::J CONGRESSIONAL
,USTIDICATION. Acces+% in 9::Q. Dis!niBi" "+
)%%!I0333Q.c+ncer./*0+d$in0#niB0inde<.)%$".
629. De$+s A. Dd Ed(c+%in in %)e E"e$en%+ry C"+ssr$ +s +
Me+ns # G+inin/ Acce!%+nce # Di*erse L3 D+% Dds in %)e
Sc)" L(nc) Pr/r+$ cP)D Disser%+%ind. I%)+c+, N?I Crne"i
Uni*ersi%y, JOOLIQ9L!!.
C+!i%"(" J;
630. A(s%@er ,. T)e [%re+%$en% # c)ice[I Bre+s% c+ncer s(r/ery
JRS:8JORL.> SOC. SOC. 5"ST. MED. BULI. FLndnG Q; FJORLGI J::
P:;.
631. N+i#e) S4. T5E BEST DOCTORS IN AMERICA, JOOP8JOOL. Ai@en
SCI 4d3+rd \ 4)i%e, JOOP.
632. McD(/+"" ,A, Ai McD(/+"" MA. T)e McD(/+"" P"+n. C"in%n,
N,I Ne3 4in P(B"is)in/'nc, JORQ.
633. C$rni%%ee n N(%ri%in in Medic+" Ed(c+%in. ,N(%ri%in
Ed(c+%in in U.S. Medic+" Sc)"s>. 4+s)in/%n DC. N+%in+"
Ac+de$y # Sciences, JORL.
634. 4)i%e PL, ,)nsn OC, Ai ViB"er M,. C(nci" n Dds +nd
N(%ri%in, A$eric+n Medic+" Assci+%in 8 i%s re"+%in % !)ysici+ns>.
POSTGRADUATE MED. Q: FJOSJGI L:98L:;.
635. L C. ,n%e/r+%in/ n(%ri%in +s + %)e$e %)r(/)(% %)e
$edic+" sc)" c(rric(8"($.> AM. d. CLIN. NUTR. ;9 FS(!!"G
F9:::GI RR9S8RROS.
636. Pe+rsn TA, S%ne E,, Gr(ndy SM Ai c"+B. Tr+ns"+%in
# n(%ri%in science in% $edic+" ed(c+%inI %)e N(%ri%in Ac+de$ic
A3+rd Pr/r+$.> AM. ,. CLIN. NUTR. ;P F9::JGI JSP8J;:.
637. V+ss"er 4,. A!!endi< DI Tes%i$ny # %)e A$eric+n
Medic+" S%(den% Assci+%in.> 4+s)in/%n DCI N+%in+" Ac+de$y
# Sciences, JORL.
638. Keise" S5 Ai P"+is%ed CS. CD8ROMs #r N(%ri%in
Ed(c+%in.> ,. A$. C"i. N(%r. JR FJOOOGI 9R;.
J:.D(6 s+( %rei c$!+nii de ren($e +( s!nsriC+% +ces%
!r/r+$, =ns6 e( B6n(iesc c6 +d$inis%r+%rii +ces%r+ +( si$.i%
c6 es%e neces+r s6 se +scieCe =n%r8(n !riec% !ri*ind ed(c+.i+
$edic+"6 !en%r( !r!rii"e "r in%erese, =n ci(d+ "is%6rii
=ndie"nice + +"%r r/+niC+.ii.
JJ. )%%!I00333.$ed.(nc.ed(0n(%r0ni$0DAi.)%$k+nc)r"O;QP
Q
639. 4einsier RL, B@er ,R, Br@s CM, Ai c"+B. N(%ri%in %r+inin/
in /r+d(+%e $edic+" FresidencyG ed(c+%inI + s(r*ey # se"ec%ed
%r+inin/ !r/r+$s.> AM. ,. CLIN. NUTR. LP FJOOJGI OL;8OS9.
640. ?(n/ EA. .N+%in+" D+iry C(nci" A3+rd #r E<ce""ence in
Medic+"0Den%+" N(%ri%in Ed(c+%in Lec%(re, JOO9I !ers!ec%i*es n
n(%ri%in in $edic+" ed(c+%in.> AM. ,. CLIN. NUTR. LS FJOO9GI
;PL8;LJ.
JP.V(s)ner RD. 4i"" %)ere Be + %i!!in/ !in% in $edic+"
n(%ri%in ed(c+%in?> AM. d. CLIN. NUTR. ;; F9::QGI 9RR89OJ.
JL. An/e"" M. ,s +c+de$ic $edicine #r s+"e?> Ne3 En/". Med. QP9
F9:::GI JLJS8JLJR.
641. Myni)+n R. 4) !+ys #r %)e !iCC+? Rede#inin/ %)e
re"+%ins)i!s Be%3een dc%rs +nd dr(/ c$!+nies JI En%+n/"e$en%.>
BRIT. MED. ,OURN. Q9S F9::QGI JJRO8JJO9.
642. Myni)+n R. 4) !+ys #r %)e !iCC+? Rede#inin/ %)e
re"+%ins)i!s Be%3een dc%rs +nd dr(/ c$!+nies 9I
Disen%+n/"e$en%.> BRIT. MED. ,OURN. Q9S F9::QGI JJOQ8JJ^.
643. A *$G, C)en M, Ai 5+r%"ey R. Scien%i#ic *ers(s c$$erci+"
s(rces # in#"(ence n %)e !rescriBin/ Be)+*i(r # !)ysici+ns>. AM.
d. MED. ;Q FJOR9GI P8R.
644. L(rie N, Ric) Ei Si$!sn DE, Ai c"+B. P)+r$+ce(%ic+"
re!resen%+%i*es in +c+de$ic $edic+" cen%ersI in%er+c%in 3i%) #+c("%y
+nd )(se s%+##.> 0. GEN. INTERN. MED. L FJOO:GI 9P:89PQ.
645. S%ein$+n MA, S)"i!+@ MG Ai McP)ee S,. O# !rinci!"es +nd
!ensI +%%i%(des +nd !r+c%ices # $edicine )(se s%+## %3+rd
!)+r$+ce(%ic+" ind(s%ry !r$%ins.> A$. ,. Med. JJ: F9::JGI LLJ8
LL;.
646. Le<c)in ,. ,n%er+c%ins Be%3een !)ysici+ns +nd %)e
!)+r$+ce(%ic+" ind(s%ryI 3)+% des %)e "ec%(re s+y? CAN. MED.
ASSOC. d. JPO FJOOQGI JP:J8JP:;.
647. Le<c)in ,. 4)+% in#r$+%in d !)ysici+ns recei*e #r$
!)+r$+ce(%ic+" re!resen%+%i*es?> CAN. DAM. P5?SICIANPQ
FJOO;GIOPJ8OPL.
648. B+ird P. 0Ge%%in/ i% ri/)%I ind(s%ry s!nsrs)i! +nd $edic+"
rese+rc).> CAN. MED. ASSOC ,OURN. JSR F9::QGI J9S;8J9SO.
649. S$i%) R. .Medic+" '(rn+"s +nd !)+r$+ce(%ic+" c$!+niesI
(ne+sy Bed#e""3s.> BRIT. MED. ,OURN. Q9S F9::QGI J9:98J9:L.
650. C)!r+ SS. ,nd(s%ry #(ndin/ # c"inic+" %ri+"sI Bene#i% r
Bi+s?> 0AMA 9O: F9::QGI JJQ8JJP.
651. 5e+"y D. ,n %)e /ri! # %)e !y%)nI cn#"ic%s +% %)e (ni*ersi%y8
ind(s%ry in%er#+ce.> SCI. ENGINEERING ET5ICS O F9::QGI LO8;J.
652. O"i*ieri ND. ,P+%ien%s [ )e+"%) r c$!+ny !r#i%s? T)e
c$$erci+"iC+%in # +c+de$ic rese+rc).> SCI. ENGINEERING
ET5ICS O F9::QGW 9O8PJ.
653. ,)nsn L. .Sc)"s re!r% rese+rc) in%eres% cn#"ic%s.> T)e I%)+c+
,(rn+" 9P c%. 9::9IQA.
654. A/*in T. 0Prescri!%in (se By c)i"dren $("%i!"yin/, s%(dy s+ys.>
T5E IT5ACA ,OURNAL, JO se!%. 9::9I IA.
655. Assci+%ed Press. ,S(r*eyI $+ny /(ide"ines 3ri%%en By dc%rs 3i%)
%ies % c$8!+nies.> T5E IT5ACA ,OURNAL J9 #eBr. 9::9.
656. 4eiss. R. ,Crrec%"y !rescriBed dr(/s %+@e )e+*y %iiW $i""ins
+##ec%ed By %<ic re+c%ins.> T)e 4+s)in/%n Ps% JL +!r. JOORI A:J.
657. L+sser VE, A""en PD, 4")+nd"er S,, Ai c"+B. Ti$in/ # ne3
B"+c@ B< 3+$in/s +nd 3i%)dr+3+"s #r !rescri!%in $edic+%ins.>
,AMA9R; F9::9GI 99JL8999:.
658. L+C+r( ,, P$er+nC B, Ai Crey PN. Incidence # +d*erse dr(/
re+c%ins in )s8!i%+"iCed !+%ien%s.> ,AMA 9;O FJOORGI J9::8J9:L.
C+!i%"(" JR
J. M+cii3+in G. T5E GENERAL NATURE
AND
TREATMENTODTUMORS. Lndn, UVI ,)n C)(r8c)i"",JRPL.
659. 4i""i+$s 5. TLIE ET5ICS OD D"ET. A CATENA OD AUT5ORITIES
DEPRECATOR? OD T5E PRACTICE OD DLES58EATING. LndnI D.
Pi%$+n, JRRQ.
660. U.S. Cens(s B(re+(. ,U.S. P!c"c@ Pr'ec%in.> M+rc), 9::P.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I00 333.cens(s./*0 c/i8Bin0 !!c"c@
661. Cen%ers #r Dise+se Cn%r". ,Pre *+"ence # +d("%s 3i%) n @n3n
ris@ #+c%rs #r crn+ry )e+r% dise+se8Be)+*ir+" ris@ #+c%r
s(r*ei""+nce sys%e$, JOO9.> MORBIDIT? AND MORTALIT? 4EEVL?
REPORT PQ FP #eBr. JOOPGI SJ 8SQ,SO.
662. V+(#$+n D4, Ve""y ,P, RsenBer/ L, Ai c"+B. .Recen% !+%%erns #
$edic+%in (se in %)e +$B("+%ry +d("% !!("+%in # %)e Uni%ed
S%+%esI %)e S"ne s(r*ey>. 0. A$. MED. ASSOC. 9R; F9::9GI QQ;8QPP.
663. D"e/+" VM, C+rr"" MD, O/den CL, Ai c"+B. Pre*+"ence +nd
%rends in Besi%y +$n/ U.S. +d("%s, JOOO89:::>. ,AMA 9RR F9::9GI
J;9Q8J;9;.
664. A$eric+n 5e+r% Assci+%in. ,5i/) B"d
c)"es%er" +nd %)er "i!ids8s%+%is%ics.> M+r%ie 9::P.
Acces+% "+ )%%!I 0 0
333.+$eric+n)e+r%.r/0!resen%er.')%$"? iden%i#ierG9:JS
665. 4"C M, C(%"er ,, Rcce""+ E,, Ai c"+B. S%+%e$en% #r$ %)e
N+%in+" 5i/) B"d Press(re Ed(c+%in Pr/r+$I !re*+"ence #
)y!er%ensin.> A$. 0. 5?PERTENS. JQ F9:::GI J:Q8J:P.
666. L(c+s ,4, Sc)i""er ,S, Ai Bensn 2. S($$+ry )e+"%) s%+%is%ics #r
U.S. Ad("%sI N+%in+" 5e+"%) In%er*ie3 S(r*ey, 9::J.>
N+%in+" Cen%er #r 5e+"%) S%+%is%ics. 2i%+" 5e+"%) S%+%. J:G9JRGW 9::P.
J:. RBBins ,. T5E DOOD RE2OLUTION. Ber@e"ey, C+"i#rni+I
Cn+ri Press, 9::J.
667. 26 rec$+nd c( =ncredere s6 ci%i.i c+r%e+ "(i ,)n RBBins T)e
Dd Re*"(%in> c+re de%+"i+C6 in $d cn*in/6%r "e/6%(r+ din%re
die%6 Ai $edi(.
668. 4r"d 5e+"%) Or/+niC+%in. T)e 4r"d 5e+"%) Re!r% JOO;I
Press Re"e+se. 5($+n +nd sci+" cs%s # c)rnic dise+ses 3i"" rise
(n"ess cn#rn%ed n3, 45O Direc%r8Gener+" s+ys.> Gene*+,
S3i%Cer"+ndI 4r"d 5e+"%) Or/+niC+%in, JOO;. Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333.3).in%03)r9::J09::J0+rc)i*es0JOO;.!resse.)%$
669. O$is) D, Br3n SE, Sc)er3i%C L4, Bi""in/s ,5, Ar$s%rn/ 4T,
Pr%s TA, McL+n+)+n SM, Vir@eeide, RL, Br+nd R,, Ai G("d VL.
C+n "i#es%y"e c)+n/es re*erse crn+ry )e+r% dise+se?> LANCET,
QQSIJ9O8JQQ,JOO:.
Esse"s%yn CB, E""is SG, Medendr! S2, Ai Cr3e TD., A
s%r+%e/y % +rres% +nd re*erse crn+ry +r%ery dise+seI + L8yc+r
"n/i%(din+" s%(dy # + sin/"e !)ysici+n[s !r+c%ice>.0, #i%$##y
Pr+c%ice,PJILS:8LSR,JOOL.
670. 2e/e%+ri+n Res(rce Gr(!. 53 M+ny
2e/e%+ri+ns Are T)ere?> M+r%ie 9::P.
Acces+% "+
)%%!I00333.*r/.r/0'(rn+"0*'9::Qiss(eQ0*'9::Qiss(eQ!"".)% $
671. 5er$+n8C)en 2. 2e/+n re*"(%in.> I%)+c+ ,(rn+" Fre%i!6ri%
din LA Ti$esG JJ +(/. 9::QIJ9A.
672. S+B+%e ,, D(@ A, Ai Lee CL. P(B"ic+%in %rends # *e/e%+ri+n
n(%ri%in +r%ic"es in Bi$edic+" "i%er+%(re, JOSS8JOOL>. AM. 0. C0in.
NUTR.;:FS(!!"G FJOOOGI S:JS8S:;S.
$ne0a $
673. Byd ,N, Miss"Bec@ N, P+r@er RS, Ai c"+B. S(crse en)+nced
e$er/ence # +#"+%<in B" FADB"G8ind(ced GG% !si%i*e r+% )e!+%ic
ce"" #ci.> DED PROC. PJ FJOR9GI QLSABs%.
674. T+nnenB+($ A, Ai Si"*ers%ne 5. N(%ri%in in re"+%in % c+ncer>
AD2. CANCER RSE. JFJOLQGI PLJ 8L:J.
675. ?(n/$+n LD. T5E GRO4S AND DE2ELOPMENT OD
ADLATOUIN BI8INDUCED PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS, TUMORS,
METASTASIS, AND SPONTANEOUS TUMORS AS T5E? ARE
INDLUENCED B? DIETAR? PROTEIN LE2EL, T?PE, AND
INTER2ENTION. IT5ACA,
N?I CORNELI UNI2ERSIT?, TeC6 de dc%r+%, JOO:.
676. ?(n/$+n LD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. In)iBi%in # +#"+%<in B"8ind(ced
/+$$+8/"(%+$y" %r+ns!e!%id+se !si%i*e FGGTmG )e!+%ic
!rene!"+s%ic #ci +nd %($rs By "3 !r%eine die%sI e*idence %)+%
+"%ered GGTm#ci indic+%e ne!"+s%ic !%en.i+">. CARCINOGENESIS JQ
FJOO9GI JS:;8JSJQ.
677. 5ri D, ?(n/$+n LD, Be"" RC Ai c"+B. T)er$/enesis, "38
!r%ein die%s, +nd decre+sed de*e"!$en% # ADB"8ind(ced
!rene!"+s%ic #ci in r+% "i*er>. NUTR. CANCERU FJOOJGIQJ8PJ.
678. Be"" RC, Le*i%sc@y DA Ai C+$!Be"" TC. En)+nced %)er$/enesis
+nd red(ced /r3%) r+%es d n% in)iBi% GGTm )e!+%ic !rene!"+s%ic
#ci de*e"!$en%> DASEB 0.SFJOO9GIJQOLABs
679. Mi""er DS Ai P+yne PR. 4ei/)% $+in%en+nce +nd #d in%+@e>. 0.
NUTR. ;R FJOS9GI 9LL89S9.
680. S%ir"in/ ,L, Ai S%c@ M,. Me%+B"ic ri/ins # %)er$/enesis By
die%>. NATURE99: FJOSRGI R:J8R:J.
681. Dn+"d P, Pi%%s GC, Ai P)" SL. Bdy 3ei/)% +nd c$!si%in in
"+Br+%ry r+%sI e##ec%s # die%s 3i%) )i/) r "3 !r%ein
cncen%r+%ins.> SCIENCE 9JJ FJORJGI JRL8JRS.
682. R%)3e"" N,, S%c@ M, Ai Ty0.Bir RS. Mec)+nis$s #
%)er$/enesis ind(ced By "3 !r%ein die%s.> METABOLISM Q9
FJORQGI 9L;89SJ.
683. R%)3e"" N,, S%c@ M,. In#"(ence # c+rB)ydr+%e +nd #+% in%+@e
n die%8ind(ced %)er$/enesis +nd Br3n #+% +c%i*i%y in r+%s #ed "3
!r%ein die%s.> 0. NUTR. JJ; FJOR;GI J;9J8J;9S.
684. Vrie/er E, ?(n/$+n LD Ai C+$!Be"" TC. T)e $d("+%in #
+#"+%<in FADBJG ind(ced !rene!"+s%ic "esins By die%+ry !r%ein +nd
*"(n%+ry e<ercise in Disc)er QPP r+%s>. DASEB ,. 9 FJORRGI QQ:P ABs.
Ane<+ B
685. C)en ,, C+$!Be"" TC, Li ,, Ai c"+B. D"ET, LIDEST?LE AND
MORTALIT? IN C5INA. A STUD? OD T5E C5ARACTERISTICS OD SL
C5INESE COUNTIES. O<#rd, UV, I%)+c+, N?W Bi'in/, PRCI O<#rd
Uni*ersi%y PressI Crne"i Uni*ersi%y PressW Pe!"e[s Medic+"
P(B"is)in/ 5(se, JOO:.
686. A( e<is%+% !%Ceci Ai d(6 r+%e +"e $r%+"i%6.ii, =ns6 c+$ %rei$e
din +ces%e r+%e er+( d(!"ic+%e +"e +ce"r+Ai B"i +"e (nr +$eni de
*7rs%e di#eri%e.
687. Ace+s%+ =nse+$n6 de +se$ene+ c6 #+r%e !(.ine in#r$+.ii s+(
in#r$+.ii ne#"si%+re s(n% B.in(%e !rin inc"(dere+ *+"ri"r
%(%(rr indi*iCi"r din dis%ric%. E<is%6 sin/(r6 r+%6 !en%r( #iec+re
dis%ric%W +s%#e" es%e neces+r s6 +*e$ d+r (n n($6r !en%r( ric+re din
*+ri+Bi"e"e c+re s(n% c$!+r+%e c( r+%+ B"ii.
P. Pi+CC+ A. DOOD CONSUMPION AND NUTRIIONAL STATUS IN
T5E PEOPLE[S REPUBLIC OD C5INA. LndnI 4es%*ie3 Press, JORS.
L. Messin+ M Ai Messin+ 2. T)e Die%e%i%i+n[s G(ide % 2e/e%+ri+n
Die%s. Iss(es +nd A!!"ic+%ins. G+i%)ersB(r/, MDI As!en
P(B"is)ers, Inc., JOOS.
Ane<+ C
688. 5"ic@ MDI InI ME S)i"s, ,A O"sn, M S)i@e Ai c"+B. FedGI,
Mdern n(%ri%in in )e+"%) +nd dise+se, O%) ed., !. Q9O8QPL. B+"%i$re,
MDI 4i""i+$s +nd 4i"@ins, JOOO.
689. B+r/er8L(< M,, 5e+ney R, D3e"" S Ai c"+B. 2i%+$in D +nd i%s
$+'r $e%+8B"i%esI ser($ "e*e"s +#%er /r+ded r+" dsin/ in )e+"%)y
$en>. OSTEOPOROSIS INT. R FJOORGI 99989Q:.
690. ,($6%+%e+ de *i+.6 Bi"/ic6 + *i%+$inei D de de!Ci% es%e =n%re J:8
JO Ci"e, %i$!(" neces+r c+ '($6%+%e din +ce+s%+ s6 dis!+r6.
691. C"s%n V4, Ber/er U, Ai C$Bes RC. PssiB"e r"e #r *i%+$in
D in cn%r""in/ Bre+s% c+ncer ce"" !r"i#er+%in.> LANCET J FJOROGI
JRR8JOJ.
692. Nie*es ,, Cs$+n D, 5erBer% ,, Ai c"+B. 5i/) !re*+"ence #
*i%+$in D de#iciency +nd red(ced Bne $+ssin $("%i!"e sc"ersis.>
NEUROLOG?PP FJOOPGI JSR;8JSO9.
693. A"8i+dre) A, 2s@+@i I, V+ssi( C Ai c"+B. Tre+%$en% #
s%e!eni+ in c)i"dren 3i%) ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(sI %)e
e##ec% # J8+"!)+ )ydr<y*i%+$in DQ.> EUR. d. PEDIATR.jLL FJO^GI
JL8J;.
694. C+n%$+ MT, 5+yes CE, Ai DeL(c+ 5D., J,9L8Di)ydr<y*i%+$in
DQ re*ersiB"y B"c@s %)e !r/ressin # re"+!sin/ ence!)+"$ye"i%is, +
$de" # $("%i!"e sc"ersis.> PROC. NATIONAL ACAD, SCI OQ FJOOSGI
;RSJ8;RSP.
695. RCen D, ?+n/ U8D, 5(yn) 5, Ai c"+B. An%i!r"i#er+%i*e +c%in #
*i%+$in D8re"+%ed c$!(nds +nd ins("in8"i@e /r3%) #+c%r8Bindin/
!r%ein L +cc($(8"+%in.> ,. NAT. CANCER INST. RO FJOO;GI SL98
SLS.
696. Cs$+n D, Nie*es ,, V$+r L, Ai c"+B. Dr+c%(re )is%ry +nd Bne
"ss in !+%ien%s 3i%) MS>. NEUROLOG?SL FJOORGI JJSJ8JJSL.
697. Gi*+nn(cci E, Ri$$ E, 4"@ A Ai c"+B. C+"ci($ +nd #r(c%se
in%+@e in re"+%in % ris@ # !rs%+%e c+ncer.> CANCER RES. LR
FJOORGI PP98PP;.
698. Pee)" DM, Vris)n+n A2 Ai De"d$+n D. P+%)3+ys $edi+%in/ %)e
/r3%)8in)i8Bi%ry +c%in # *i%+$in D in !rs%+%e c+ncer.> 0. NUTR.
JQQ FS(!!"G F9::QGI9PSJS89PSOS.
699. Ke""+ ,B, McC+ry LC, Ai DeL(c+ 5D. Or+" +d$inisrr+%in #
J,9L8d$ydr8<i*i%+$in DQ c$!"e%e"y !r%ec%s NOD $ice #r$
ins("in8de!enden% di+Be%es $e""i%(s.> ARC5. B"OC5EM B"OP5?S.
PJ; F9::QGI ;;8R:.
700. D+*en!r% CB. M("%i!"e sc"ersis #r$ %)e s%+nd!in% #
/e/r+!)ic dis%riB(%in +nd r+ce. Arc). ne(r". PS?C5IATR? R
FJO99GI LJ8LR.
701. A"%er M, ?+$r M, Ai 5+rs)e M. M("%i!"e sc"ersis +nd
n(%ri%in>. ARC5. NEUROL. QJ FFJO;PGI 9S;89;9.
702. 2+n der Mei IA, PnsnBy AL, B"iCC+rd L, Ai c"+B. Re/in+"
*+ri+%in in $("%i!"e sc"ersis !re*+"ence in A(s%r+"i+ +nd i%s
+ssci+%in 3i%) +$Bi*+"en% ("%r+*i"e% r+di+%in>.
NEUROEPIDEMIOLOG? 9: F9::JGI JSR8J;P.
703. McLed ,G, 5+$$nd SR Ai 5+""!i@e ,D. E!ide$ii/y #
$("%i!"e sc"ersis in A(s%r+"i+. 4i%) NS4 +nd SA s(r*ey res("%s.>
MED. ,. AUSTR. JS: FJOOPGI JJ;8J99.
704. 5"ic@ MD. 2i%+$in DI A $i""eni($ !ers!ec%i*e.> 0. CELL.
B"OC5EM. RR F9::QGI 9OS8Q:;.
705. M+cL+(/)"in ,A, G+n/e 4, T+y"rD Ai c"+B. C("%(red !sri+%ic
#iBrB"+s%s #r$ in*"*ed +nd (ni*"*ed si%es )+*e + !+r.i+", B(% n%
+Bs"(%e resis%+nce % %)e !r"i#er+%in8in)iBi%in +c%i[*i%y # J,9L8
di)ydr<y*i%+$in D. PROC. NATIONAL ACAD. SCI L9 FJORLGI
LP:O8LPJ9.
706. G"dBer/ P, D"e$in/ MC, Ai Pic+rd E5. M("%i!"e sc"ersisI
decre+sed re"+!se r+%e %)r(/) die%+ry s(!!"e$en%+%in 3i%) c+"ci($,
$+/nesi($ +nd *i%+$in D>. MED. 5?POT5.9J FJORSGI JOQ89::.
707. And'e"@*ic K, 2'in*ic ,, Pe'n*ic N Ai c"+B. Dise+se
$di#yin/ +nd i$$(n$d("+%ry e##ec%s # )i/) dse "+ FO5GDQ in
r)e($+%)id +r%)ri%is !+%ien%s.> CLIN. EUP. R5EUMATOL. J; FJOOOGI
PLQ8PLS.
708. 5y!!nen E, L++r+ E, Vc(n+nen A, Ai c"+B. In%+@e # *i%+$in
D +nd ris@ # Ty!e J di+Be%esI + Bir%)8c)r% s%(dy>. L+nce- QLR
F9::JGI JL::8JL:Q.
709. 2res"+( NA, Brin@"ey L, 5i"" VD, Ai c"+B. Re"+%ins)i! #
+ni$+" !r%ein8ric) die% % @idney s%ne #r$+%in +nd c+"ci($
$e%+B"is$.> 0. CLIN. ENDOCRINOL. METAB. SS FJORRGI JP:8JPS.
710. L+n/$+n CB. C+"ci%ri" $e%+B"is$ d(rin/ c)rnic $e%+B"ic
+cidsis>. SEMIN. NEP5ROL. OFJOROGI SL8;J.
711. C)+n ,M, Gi*+nn(cci EL, Anderssn S8O Ai c"+B. Di+ry
!rd(c%e, c+"ci($, !)s!)r(s, *i%+$in D +nd ris@ # !rs%+%e c+ncer
FS3edenG> CANCER CAUSES AND CONTROLO FJOORGI LLO8LSS.
712. Byrne PM, Dre+ney R Ai McVenn+M,. 2i%+$in
Ds(!!"e$en%+rinin %)ee"der"yI re*ie3 # s+#e%y +nd e##ec%i*cness #
di##eren% re/i$es.> CALCIDIED T"SSUE INT. LS FJOOLGI LJR8L9:.
713. A/r+n## B4 +nd G"dBer/ D. Die% +nd %)e /e/r+!)ic+"
dis%riB(%in # $("%i!"esc"ersis.> LANCET 9 F;RRRG 9n*."O;PGI
J:SJ8J:SS.
714. A@erB"$ 5V, 2++r+"+ O, 5y%y Ai c"+B. En*irn$en%+"
#+c%rs in %)e e%i"/y # Ty!e J di+Be%es>. AM. 0. MED. GENET.
FSe$in. Med. GeneiG JJL F9::9GI JR89O.
715. C)+n ,M, S%+$!#er M,, M+ ,, Ai c"+B. Ins("in8"i@e /r3%)
#+c%r8I FJGD8JG +nd IGD Bindin/ !r%ein8Q +s !redic%rs # +d*+nced8
s%+/e !rs%+%e c+ncer>. 0. NATL CANCER INST OP F9::9GI J:OO8JJ:O.
716. C)en P, Pee)" DM, Ai Rsen#e"d RG. T)e IGD +<is in %)e
!rs%+%e>. 5ORM. METAB. Res. 9S FJOOPGI RJ8RP.
717. Di Si, R+s+i+) S, T+c@ I, Ai c"+B. L38!r%ein die%
s(!!resses ser($ ins("in8"i@e /r3%) #+c%r8J +nd dece"er+%es %)e
!r/ressin # /r3%) )r$ne8ind(ced
/"$er("sc"ersis.> AM. d. NEP5ROL. 9J F9::JGI QQJ 8QQO.
718. 5e+ney RP, McC+rrn DA, D+3sn85(/)es B Ai c"+B. Die%+ry
c)+n/es #+*r+B"y +##ec% Bnd re$de"in/ in "der +d("%e.> 0. AM.
DIET. ASSOC. OO FJOOOGI J99R8J9QQ.
719. A""en NE, A!!"eBy PN, D+*ey GV, Ai c"+B. 5r$nes +nd die%I
"3 ins("in8"i@e /r3%) #+c%r8I B(% nr$+" Bi+*+i"+B"e +ndr/ens in
*e/+n $en>. BRIT. d. CANCER RQ F9:::GI OL8O;.