WRITING 3

MODUL 5 NARRATIVE 1
Arif Nuryawan Fall 2014
Tells a story which focuses on an event (or a series of events) in the
past.













Organizing your essay in a way that leads up to the main point or event.

Tells a
story
Chrono-
logical
order
Fictional
or
factual
Main
point or
thesis
Have
a
focus
A narrative
1. List the events
- Think about the story you want to tell.
- If possible, narrow your focus.
- Make a list of all the things that happened.
- Read through the list and see if you want to add other events.
2. Put the events
in order
- At this point you should have some ideas of the focus of your
essay.
- Go through your list and cross out any irrelevant events which.
- Now, put numbers next to all the events in the order they
occurred.
3. Add details and
specific
information
- One paragraph for each of those events you have listed.
- Give details for each of the items on your list.
- Be sure to include what things looked like and what people said.
OBJECTIVES
You are expected to be able to:
Write compositions based on experiences
Write short stories
Write circular stories
1 WRITING EXPERIENCES
Grammar: Reported Speech
Points you need to remember:
Choose one experience
you remember best.
Write a general statement.
Give sufficient details.
State a conclusion.
Conclusion
Needs
a
strong
plan
Have
one
point
Writing Experiences
Usually written in the first
person, however, third person
can also be used.
A
strong
plan
Have
one
point
Conclu-
sion
Grammar: Reported Speech
Reported speech is used to
repeat the exact words that
somebody said.
- Shirley said that she was hungry and that
she wanted to eat soon.
- George told me that he had never been
to Iraq but that he wanted to go.
Rules for Forming Reported Speech
1. When reporting a statement, we generally use that.
NO COMMA
- My mother told me, You have to work
harder at school, or youll fail.
- My mother told me that I had to work
harder or that I would fail.
- Mom asked me if I was
going to the party.
- Fred asked me when I would
call him.
2. When reporting a question,
we use if for yes/no questions or the appropriate
question words (5w+1h) for information questions.
3a. The following verbs must be used with an indirect
object:
told, informed, reminded
- He told me that he was
hungry.
- We informed her that the
store was closed.
- He reminded the staff that
the meeting was at 8 PM.
3b. The following verbs may be used with an indirect
object, but the indirect object is optional:
asked, answered, promised

- I asked [her] where her
father was.
- He answered [me] that he
couldnt help.
- Jade promised [him] that
she would stay.
3c. The following verbs need to before the indirect
object. For any verb that needs to before the indirect
object, the indirect object is optional:
said, explained, exclaimed, complained

- Marvin said [to his wife]
that he was late.
- We explained [to her] why
he had been so serious.
- Pam exclaimed [to the boy]
that she was furious.
- The students complained
[to us] that the room was
too small.
4. In English we report commands, orders, requests and suggestions to other
people in a five-part format:

Rules for Reporting Questions
5a. The normal form for asking a direct question is [W] X S V:

5b. In reported speech, a question is reported with the order W S [X] V.

Expressions that Change in Reported Speech
6. Certain expressions must change in the reported form of speech:

Tense Harmony or Sequencing

2 SHORT STORIES
Grammar: Past Tense
experiences
A
legend
A
fabricated
story
Grammar: Past Tense
Regular verb in the Past Tense
Regular verbs in the past tense
take an ed or d ending:
Irregular verb in the Past Tense
Irregular verbs do not take an
ed or d ending in the past but
change internally
3 CIRCULAR STORIES
Grammar: Capital Letters
Circular stories begin and end with the same sentence.
1. Capitalize the first word in every sentence.
2. Capitalize the pronoun I.
3. Capitalize proper nouns.
4. Capitalize the names of persons.
5. Capitalize geographical names.
6. Capitalize names of organizations, business
firms, institutions, and government bodies.
7. Capitalize special events and calendar items.
8. Capitalize the names of nationalities, races and religions.
9. Capitalize the brand names of business products.
10. Capitalize the names of ship, planets, monuments,
awards, and any other places, things, or events.