CASE LAW

Fifth Revision
Escobedo v Illinois, 378 US 478 (1964): Illegal search and seizure.
Miranda v Arizona, 384 US 436, 475 (1966) (111 pages) 14 !r 15 ".#d. $d %%: &&
'(here righ)s secured *+ )he ,!ns)i)u)i!n are in-!l-ed, )here can *e n! rule .a/ing !r
legisla)i!n 0hich 0!uld a*r!ga)e )he..1 2!u ha-e )he righ) )! re.ain silen) )ha) is, d!
n!) ans0er an+ 3ues)i!ns. "i/e: (ha) is +!ur na.e% (here d! +!u li-e% (ha) is 2!ur
#duca)i!nal le-el% (here did +!u a))end sch!!l% (ha) is +!ur SS nu.*er% 4re +!u
e.pl!+ed% (h! is +!ur e.pl!+er% 4re +!u .arried% 4re +!u in insured% (ha) is +!ur
religi!n% 5! +!u ha-e an+ scares% 5id +!u see )ha) s)!p sign% '#-er+)hing +!u sa+, can
and (I"" *e used agains) +!u.1 6he !nl+ !ne )! )es)i7+ agains) +!u is +!ursel7. 6he
8as)er as/s )he 3ues)i!ns, )he sla-e ans0ers )he 3ues)i!ns. 9ah: 4ls!, ans0er a
3ues)i!n 0i)h a 3ues)i!n. 5! n!) -!lun)eer an+ in7!r.a)i!n !r in)! )heir ;urisdic)i!n.
Miller v US, $3< =ed 486,489 '6he clai. and e>ercise !7 a ,!ns)i)u)i!nal (guaran)eed)
righ) cann!) *e c!n-er)ed in)! a cri.e1.
Murdock v. enns!lvania, 319 US 1<5: ?@! S)a)e shall c!n-er) a li*er)+ in)! a
pri-ilege, license i), and charge a 7ee )here7!re.?
Ada"s v Cit! of ocatello, 416 A.$d 46, 48. ?6he righ) )! !pera)e a .!)!r -ehicle
up!n )he pu*lic s)ree)s and high0a+s is n!) a .ere pri-ilege, i) is a righ) !r li*er)+, )he
en;!+.en) !7 0hich is pr!)ec)ed *+ )he guaran)ees !7 )he 7ederal and s)a)e
c!ns)i)u)i!ns.?
Cit! of Chica#o v Cullens, e) al, 51 @.#. 9<7, 91<, e)c. (19<6) ?4 license is a
pri-ilege gran)ed *+ )he s)a)e? and ?cann!) p!ssi*l+ e>is) 0i)h re7erence )! s!.e)hing
0hich is a righ)...)! ride and dri-e !-er )he s)ree)s?. ?I7 0e all!0 )he ,i)+ !7 ,hicag! )!
re3uire )he licensing !7 h!rseless carriages, h!0 l!ng *e )he ,i)+ !7 ,hicag! 0!uld 0an)
)! re3uire license )! ride a h!rse !r )! 0al/ up!n )he s)ree)s%?
Sherer v. Cullen, 481 = 946 ?6here can *e n! sanc)i!n !r penal)+ i.p!sed up!n !ne
*ecause !7 )his e>ercise !7 c!ns)i)u)i!nal righ)s.?
Shuttles$orth v. Cit! of %ir"in#ha" Alaba"a, 373 US $6$: ?I7 )he S)a)e c!n-er)s a
righ) (li*er)+) in)! a pri-ilege, )he ci)izen can ign!re )he license and 7ee and engage in
)he righ) (li*er)+) 0i)h i.puni)+.?
&avis v Mississi''i, 394 US 7$1 (1966): 2!ur ph!)!graph and 7ingerprin)s are +!ur
pr!per)+. 5! n!) gi-e )hese a0a+. 5! n!) sign an+)hing, +!u sign .anual is +!ur
pr!per)+ d! n!) gi-e i) a0a+. #speciall+, d! n!) sign 7ingerprin) cards !r *!!/ing shee)s
(h!)el regis)r+). 6he+ are re3uired )! ge) +!ur signa)ure !n )he 7ingerprin) card *e7!re
)he+ can 7ingerprin) +!u. B!ing ;ail !r pris!n is -!lun)ar+ +!u !r +!ur C#&presen) .us)
sign )he c!n)rac)s. D!0 .an+ +ears !7 sla-er+ are +!u 0illing )! c!n)rac) +!ursel7 in)!%
Riverside v McLau#hlin, 114 " #d $d 49 (1991) 5<< US &&& 111 S.,). &&&&: 9r!ugh)
5a-is 7!r0ard added )ha) unless )he+ ge) !ne )! -!lun)aril+ sign in)! )heir ir!n *ar h!)el
)he+ .us) le) !ne g! 0i)hin se-en)+&)0! h!urs unless )he+ ge) a 0arran) !r indic).en).
D!0e-er, i7 )he+ pla+ )he ps+chia)ric e-alua)i!n *i), )hen )he+ .a+ h!ld )heir -ic)i. 7$
h!urs plus )0! da+s !r p!ssi*l+ l!nger )h!ugh, n!0 under )he Aa)ri!) 4c), )he+ can h!ld
an+!ne 7!r se-en da+s as a suspec)ed )err!ris). (h! /n!0s 0ha) else )hese .!r!ns 0ill
pull ne>). S!, d! n!) *e surprised )ha) !nce )he+ ha-e +!u, )he+ 0ill ne-er le) +!u g!.
Sa"uel (. She''ard - #. ". 8a>0ell, 86 S ,) 15<7 384 US 333 16 " #d $d 6<<&6$1
(Eune 6, 1996): Supre.e ,!ur) ruled 'pre;udicial pu*lici)+1 had .ade )rial a 'carni-al1.
Farette v California, 95 S ,) $5$5 4$$ US 8<6 45 " #d $d 56$ (1975): I can read,
0ri)e, and spea/ 4.ericaFs #nglish, )ha) is all I need )! /n!0 )! de7end 8+sel7.
#duca)i!n, 8ili)ar+ *ac/gr!und, 0!r/ *ac/gr!und, e)c. is n!ne !7 )he S646#Fs *usiness.
Ce.e.*er !ne has )he righ) )! re.ain silen) and e-er+)hing )ha) !ne sa+s can and 0ill
*e used agains) !nesel7, n!) 7!r !nesel7. 6he+ can n!) arraign !r sen)ence !ne i7 !ne is
0i)h!u) represen)a)i!n. 5e7end !nes sel7. 9e !nes sel7. @#G#C Ce&Aresen) +!ursel7.
@#G#C: #n)rap.en): Ar! Se H Sel7 Ce&Aresen)a)i!n and )e.p!rar+ app!in).en) )! )he
S)a)e 94C. 9e0are: @#G#C le) )he 9lac/ C!*e 5e-il !r )heir Ees)er e-er re7er )! !ne as
Ar! Se !r Ar! Aer !r Ar! an+)hing. @#G#C: 6a/e #I,#A6IJ@ )! )he 5e-ilFs
U))erances. 8!-e J9E#,6IJ@ )! )he Ees)erFs U))erance. Jnl+, )ha) 0hich is !n )he
rec!rd can *e appealed. Be) i) in !n )he rec!rd. In )he las) paragraph !7 =are))e )he US
Supre.e ruled )ha) !ne 0h! sel7&C#&Aresen)s is 'a 7!!l1.
)rezevant v Cit! of )a"'a, 741 =.$d 336, (11)h ,ir, 9&6&1984) US ,!ur) !7 4ppeal
a0arded K65,$17.39Lh!ur 7!r 7alse i.pris!n.en).
(afer v. Melo, 5<$ US $1 (1991) 6he US Supre.e ,!ur) ruled )ha) pu*lic J77icials
(Eudge are n!) e>e.p)) 0h! cause ?Unau)h!rized 5epri-a)i!ns? l!se )heir #le-en)h
4.end.en) Ar!)ec)i!n and are su*;ec) )! sui) 7!r da.ages under 4$ US, 1983. 6his
,ase *e7!re )he US ,!ur) !7 4ppeals is 7!und a) 91$ =ed $d 6$8. 6he /e+ is
negligence: ac)ing in e>cess !r 0i)h!u) au)h!ri)+ !r ;urisdic)i!n !r 7ailing )! ac) 0hen
re3uired )! d! s!. 4ls! read Melo v (afer, 91$ = $d 6$8 (199<).
I7 )he g!-ern.en) .!r!ns cr+ and plea s!-ereign i..uni)+, )hen here are s!.e !)her
cases, 0hich la+ )ha) n!nsense )! res). Westfall v Er$in, 484 US $9$ (1988) Will v
Michi#an State olice, 491 US 58 (1989) and Mitchu" v Foster, 4<7 US $$5
(197$). 6he la))er .a/es )he *ureaucC46S cringe. (hen c!upled 0i)h A" 94&381 and
Sena)e Cep!r) 94&$<4, $8 US, M $$84.
)he %elli#erent Clai"ant
?6he pri-ilege agains) sel7&incri.ina)i!n is nei)her acc!rded )! )he passi-e resis)an), n!r
)he pers!n 0h! is ign!ran) !7 his righ)s, n!r )! !ne indi77eren) )here)!. I) is a 7igh)ing
clause. I)s *ene7i)s can *e re)ained !nl+ *+ sus)ained c!.*a). I) can n!) *e re)ained *+
a))!rne+ !r s!lici)!r. I) is -alid !nl+ 0hen insis)ed up!n *+ a *elligeren) clai.an) in
pers!n. 6he !ne 0h! is persuaded *+ h!ne+ed 0!rds !r .!ral suasi!n )! )es)i7+ !r
pr!duce d!cu.en)s ra)her )han .a/e a las) di)ch s)and, si.pl+ l!ses )he pr!)ec)i!n.
Jnce he )es)i7ies )! par), he has 0ai-ed his righ) and .us) !n cr!ss e>a.ina)i!n !r
!)her0ise, )es)i7+ as )! )he 0h!le )ransac)i!n. De .us) re7use )! ans0er !r pr!duce, and
)es) )he .a))er in c!n)e.p) pr!ceedings, !r *+ ha*eas c!rpus.?
5is)ric) Eudge Ea.es 4lger =ee
United States v. *ohnson, 76 =. Supp. 538 (a) page 54<)
5is)ric) ,!ur), 8.5. Aenns+l-ania =e*. $6, 1947
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
5us/+ is )he re3uired )es) 7!r sani)+. As+chia)r+ is 7r!. )he pi)s !7 hell, i) is )he dir)+
secre) !7 )he @4SI SS dea)h ca.ps )ha) )he p!0ers )! *e d! n!) 0an) )he she!ple )!
/n!0 !r c!.prehend. Aersecu)!rs (pr!secu)!rs) and 9lac/ C!*ed 5e-ils l!-e )!
declare *elligeren) clai.an)s )! *e @U6S. I) is )he !nl+ 0a+ *+ 0hich )he ,!ur) can
gain ;urisdic)i!n, i7 +!u are n!) =JJ" en!ugh )! gi-e )he. ;urisdic)i!n, especiall+, *+
accep)ing c!unsel (pu*lic pre)ender) in an+ 0a+, shape, 7!r. !r .anner. 6hese c!ur)s
!7 c!n)r!-ers+ cann!), le) .e repea), ,4@@J6, arraign !r sen)ence, i7 )heir -ic)i. is
0i)h!u) c!unsel (a))!rner). A#CIJ5: 6he+ need )he a))!rners (p!0er !7 a))!rne+)
signa)ure )! *!!/ +!u in)! )heir ir!n *ar h!)el, i7 !ne is n!) as s! s)upid )! *!!/ sel7 in)!
)heir h!)el *+ signing !r accep)ing 4@26DI@B. ?Ign!rance !7 )he la0 is n! e>cuse.?
(elc!.e )! )he 8ad Da))erNs )ea par)+: #-er+!ne a) *ar .us) *e nu)s, !7 uns!und .ind
!r 0i)h!u) .ind (7ic)i!n) 7!r )he par)+ )! *egin. (hen !ne 0al/s in)! *ar, e-er+!ne
presen) is a c!rp!ra)e 7ic)i!n !r pers!n !7 uns!und .ind C#&presen)ed *+ 4))!rner (a
)0is)er), )here7!re )he+ .us) ,J@ !r 7!rce )heir -ic)i. in)! accep)ing an a))!rner. I) is all
a S,48: Da-e a hal7 cup !7 )ea, an+!ne% @! )han/s I 0ill pass:
"in/ )! )he ,ase Are-ie0: h))p:LLsupre.e.;us)ia.c!.LusL36$L4<$L
"in/ )! )he =ull 6e>) !7 ,ase: h))p:LLsupre.e.;us)ia.c!.LusL36$L4<$Lcase.h).l
U.S. Supre.e ,!ur)
&usk! v. United States, 36$ U.S. 4<$ (196<)
&usk! v. United States
@!. 5<4, 8isc.
5ecided 4pril 18, 196<
36$ U.S. 4<$
J@ A#6I6IJ@ =JC (CI6 J= ,#C6IJC4CI 6J 6D# U@I6#5 S646#S
,JUC6 J= 4AA#4"S =JC 6D# #IBD6D ,IC,UI6
S+lla*us
,er)i!rari gran)ed.
Since )he rec!rd in )his case d!es n!) su77icien)l+ supp!r) )he 7indings !7 pe)i)i!nerNs
c!.pe)enc+ )! s)and )rial, )he ;udg.en) a77ir.ing his c!n-ic)i!n is re-ersed and )he
case is re.anded )! )he 5is)ric) ,!ur) 7!r a hearing )! de)er.ine his presen)
c!.pe)enc+ )! s)and )rial, and 7!r a ne0 )rial i7 he is 7!und c!.pe)en). Ap. 36$ U. S.
4<$&4<3.
$71 =.$d 385 re-ersed.
A#C ,UCI48.
6he .!)i!n 7!r lea-e )! pr!ceed in 7!r.a pauperis and )he pe)i)i!n 7!r a 0ri) !7 cer)i!rari
are gran)ed. Up!n c!nsidera)i!n !7 )he en)ire rec!rd, 0e agree 0i)h )he S!lici)!r
Beneral )ha) ?)he rec!rd in )his case d!es n!) su77icien)l+ supp!r) )he 7indings !7
c!.pe)enc+ )! s)and )rial,? 7!r, )! supp!r) )h!se 7indings under 18 U.S.,. M 4$44, )he
dis)ric) ;udge ?0!uld need .!re in7!r.a)i!n )han )his rec!rd presen)s.? (e als! agree
0i)h )he sugges)i!n !7 )he S!lici)!r Beneral )ha) i) is n!) en!ugh 7!r )he dis)ric) ;udge )!
7ind )ha) ?)he de7endan) OisP !rien)ed )! )i.e and place and OhasP s!.e rec!llec)i!n !7
e-en)s,? *u) )ha) )he
?)es) .us) *e 0he)her he has su77icien) presen) a*ili)+ )! c!nsul) 0i)h his la0+er 0i)h a
reas!na*le degree !7 ra)i!nal unders)anding && and 0he)her he has a ra)i!nal as 0ell as
7ac)ual unders)anding !7 )he pr!ceedings agains) hi..?
Aage 36$ U.S. M4<3
In -ie0 !7 )he d!u*)s and a.*igui)ies regarding )he legal signi7icance !7 )he ps+chia)ric
)es)i.!n+ in )his case and )he resul)ing di77icul)ies !7 re)r!spec)i-el+ de)er.ining )he
pe)i)i!nerNs c!.pe)enc+ as !7 .!re )han a +ear ag!, 0e re-erse )he ;udg.en) !7 )he
,!ur) !7 4ppeals a77ir.ing )he ;udg.en) !7 c!n-ic)i!n, and re.and )he case )! )he
5is)ric) ,!ur) 7!r a ne0 hearing )! ascer)ain pe)i)i!nerNs presen) c!.pe)enc+ )! s)and
)rial, and 7!r a ne0 )rial i7 pe)i)i!ner is 7!und c!.pe)en).
I) is s! !rdered.