Department of Science- Chemistry-WS 01- Atomic structure & periodic table 2014 1

1. Mass spectroscopy provides an accurate way of measuring the mass of atoms

and molecules.







Explain the following processes occurring in the mass spectrometer.
a) Ionisation
b) Acceleration
c) Deflection
d) Detection

2. a) Calculate the relative atomic mass of lead given the mass spectroscopy data
below.
b) Identify the species responsible for the peak at m/z 208




3. Calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium given the mass spectroscopy
data below.
m/z 50 52 53 54
Relative
abundance
(%)
4.3 83.8 9.5 2.4



m/z 204 206 207 208
Relative
intensity
0.287 4.51 4.32 10.00
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY

ADDU HIGH SCHOOL
HITHADHOO/ADDU CITY
TOPIC: ATOMIC STURCTURE & PERIODIC TABLE

Department of Science- Chemistry-WS 01- Atomic structure & periodic table 2014 2

4. Bromine consists of two isotopes, mass numbers 79 and 81. A sample of bromine
gas, Br
2,
was examined in a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum showing the
molecular ions is given below.








(a) Identify the species responsible for the peak at m/e = 160.

(b) Deduce the relative abundances of the two isotopes.

5. (a) The diagram in Figure 1 shows the behaviour of the three fundamental particles
when passed through an electric field.


Figure 1
(i) Identify the particles represented by A, B, and C.
(ii) Explain the shapes and directions of the paths traced by the fundamental particles
as they pass through the electric field.
(b) Define the term atomic number of an element.
(c) One isotope of sodium has a mass number 23.
(i) Define, in terms of the fundamental particles present, the meaning of the term
isotopes.
(ii) Explain why isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties.
(d) Give the symbol, including mass number and atomic number, for an atom of an
element which contains 12 neutrons and 11 electrons.



Department of Science- Chemistry-WS 01- Atomic structure & periodic table 2014 3

6. (a) Define the term relative atomic mass of an element.
(b) Mass spectrometer can be used to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element.

Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of a mass spectrometer.
Parts (i) to (iv) below refer to the operation of a mass spectrometer.

(i) Name the device labelled P used to ionise atoms in a mass spectrometer.
(ii) Describe how the process ionisation occurs in the mass spectrometer
(iii) Why an electric field is used to accelerate the ions?
(iv) What deflects the ions?
(c) Isotopes of chromium include
50
Cr ,
52
Cr,
53
Cr and
54
Cr,
(i) Apart from the relative mass of each isotope (isotopic mass), what else would
need to be known for the relative atomic mass of chromium to be calculated?
(ii) In order to obtain a mass spectrum of a gaseous sample of chromium, the
sample must first be ionised.
Give two reasons why it is necessary to ionise the chromium atoms in the
sample.
(iii) State what is adjusted so that each of the isotopes of chromium can be
detected in turn.
(iv) Explain how the adjustment given in part (c)(ii) enables the isotopes of
chromium to be separated.
(d) The mass spectrum of a sample of chromium shows four peaks.
Use the data below to calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium in the sample.
Give your answer in three significant figures.
m/z 50 52 53 54
Relative
abundance/%
4.3 83.8 9.5 2.4


Department of Science- Chemistry-WS 01- Atomic structure & periodic table 2014 4

6. (a) Define the term relative atomic mass of an element.
(b) Mass spectrometer can be used to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element.

Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of a mass spectrometer.
Parts (i) to (iv) below refer to the operation of a mass spectrometer.

(i) Name the device labelled P used to ionise atoms in a mass spectrometer.
(ii) Describe how the process ionisation occurs in the mass spectrometer
(iii) Why an electric field is used to accelerate the ions?
(iv) What deflects the ions?
(c) Isotopes of chromium include
50
Cr ,
52
Cr,
53
Cr and
54
Cr,
(i) Apart from the relative mass of each isotope (isotopic mass), what else would
need to be known for the relative atomic mass of chromium to be calculated?
(ii) In order to obtain a mass spectrum of a gaseous sample of chromium, the
sample must first be ionised.
Give two reasons why it is necessary to ionise the chromium atoms in the
sample.
(iii) State what is adjusted so that each of the isotopes of chromium can be
detected in turn.
(iv) Explain how the adjustment given in part (c)(ii) enables the isotopes of
chromium to be separated.
(d) The mass spectrum of a sample of chromium shows four peaks.
Use the data below to calculate the relative atomic mass of chromium in the sample.
Give your answer in three significant figures.
m/z 50 52 53 54
Relative
abundance/%
4.3 83.8 9.5 2.4

4