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Problem Sets about Digital Transmission
Examples:
1. Determine the largest-value capacitor that can be used. Use an
output impedance for
, an on resistance for
an acquisition time of 10s, a maximum peak-to-peak input
voltage of 10V, a maximum output current from
of 10mA and
an accuracy of 1%
Solution:
The expression for the current through a capacitor is
Rearranging and solving for C yields
Where:
C= maximum capacitance (farads)
I=maximum output current from
, 10mA
dv=maximum change in voltage across
()()
The charge time constant for C when
, is on is
Where:
t=one charge time constant (seconds)
R=output impedance of
(ohms)
C=capacitance value of
(farads)
Rearranging and solving for C gives us
The charge time of Capacitor
()
To satisfy the output current limitations of
, a maximum capacitance
of 10nF was required. To satisfy the accuracy requirements, 108.7nF
was required. To satisfy both requirements, the smaller value
capacitor must be used. Therefore,
Therefore,
3. For a PCM system with the following parameters, determine
(a)minimum sample rate, (b) minimum number of bits used in the
PCM code, (c) resolution, and (d) quantization error.
Maximum analog input frequency = 4kHz
Maximum decoded voltage at the receiver =
Minimum dynamic range = 46dB
Solution:
a. The minimum sample rate is
()
b. To determine the absolute value for dynamic range:
The minimum number of bits is determined by
( )
()
The closest whole number greater than 7.63 is 8, therefore, eight
bits must be used for the magnitude. Because the input amplitude
range is , one additional bit, the sign, is required. Therefore,
the total number of CM bits is nine ,and the total number of PCM
codes is
()
(
)
( ( )
=48.13dB
c. The resolution is determined by dividing the maximum positive or
maximum negative voltage by the number of positive or negative
nonzero PCM codes:
The maximum quantization error is
Problem Sets
1. Determine the Nyquist sample rate for a maximum
analog input frequency of
a. 4 kHz
b. 10 kHz
2. Determine the largest-value capacitor that can be
used. Use the following parameters : an output
impedance for
, an on resistance of