Prepared August 2014

David Bloniarz, US Forest Service

Daniel Strom, University of Massachusetts
Benjamin George, Regreen Springfield, Inc.
i- Tree Design
Tree Benet Report
Glenwood and Lincoln Elementary
Schools
Springeld, MA
In partnership with
About this Study

This study, completed in August 2014 by the US Forest Service, in cooperation with the City of
Springeld, MA and Regreen Springeld, a non-prot tree advocate organization located in
Springeld. The City of Springeld has collected information on the size, species, condition
and location of all trees growing on the grounds of over 60 public schools in the city, which
provides a robust dataset for exploratory data analysis. In this case, researchers from the
Forest Service, focused on two schools of similar age, size and construction type to perform
data analysis using i-Tree, an ecosystem analysis tool developed by the Forest Service and
its partners. The intent of the study was to compare the ecosystem benets of two
elementary schools, based on tree canopy calculations. Lincoln Elementary School and
Glenwood School are both located at the northeast corner of Springeld, and are less than 1.1
mile from each other. Data was collected by the Springeld Forestry Division and the i-Tree
analysis was completed by Forest Service staff, using the i-Tree Design component of the
software tools.


i-Tree Software

i-Tree is a state-of-the-art, peer-reviewed software suite from the USDA Forest Service that
provides urban forestry analysis and benets assessment tools. The i-Tree Tools help
communities of all sizes to strengthen their urban forest management and advocacy efforts by
quantifying the structure of community trees and the environmental services that trees
provide.

Developed by USDA Forest Service and numerous cooperators, i-Tree is in the public domain
and can be downloaded for free. The Forest Service, Davey Tree Expert Company, National
Arbor Day Foundation, Society of Municipal Arborists, International Society of Arboriculture,
and Casey Trees have entered into a cooperative partnership to further develop, disseminate
and provide technical support for the suite.
i- Tree Design Tree Benet Report
Glenwood and Lincoln Elementary Schools
Springeld, MA
August 2014
i-Tree Design

i-Tree Design allows anyone to make a simple estimation of the benets provided by
individual trees. With inputs of location, species, tree size, and condition, users will receive an
understanding of tree benets related to greenhouse gas mitigation, air quality improvements,
and storm water interception. With the additional step of drawing a building footprint and
virtually planting or placing a tree tree effects on building energy use can be evaluated.

Tree benets are estimated for (a) the current year, (b) a user-specied forecast year
sometime in the future, (c) the projected total benets across that future timespan, and (d) the
total benets provided to date (based on estimated tree age). Multiple trees and buildings can
be added to compare benets or to provide a full accounting of a propertys trees.

This tool is intended as a simple and accessible starting point for understanding the value of
individual trees or a small population of trees to a community.
Glenwood Elementary School
Lincoln Elementary School
The Schools in this Study
Lincoln Elementary School
Glenwood Elementary School
Glenwood Elementary
School
Lincoln Elementary
School
Total Area 127,185 sq. ft. 96,584 sq. ft.
School Building 10,708 sq. ft. (8%) 11,247 sq. ft. (12%)
Parking Lots (Asphalt) 32,421 sq. ft. (25%) 29,153 sq. ft. (30%)
Sidewalks and Paths
(Concrete)
7,220 sq. ft. (6%) 13,469 sq. ft. (14%)
Non-Impervious 50,349 sq. ft. (40%) 42,622 sq. ft. (44%)
Total Green Space 76,836 sq. ft. (60%) 53,962 sq. ft. (56%)
School Property and Building Characteristics
In 2014, at Lincoln Elementary School, i- Tree Design estimates that there will be a total
savings of $434.72. $236.59 of savings from storm water runoff due to the interception of 29,
573 gallons of rainfall. $160.16 from winter energy savings. $28.44 due to air quality
improvements. $9.53 due to the reduction of carbon dioxide.
i- Tree Design Analysis
Lincoln Elementary School
In 2029, 15 years from now, at Lincoln Elementary School, i- Tree Design calculates that the
trees benet will increase, leading to a total savings of $539.22. The interception of 38,426
gallons of rainfall, a total savings of $307.42 . Air quality improvements will result in $37.32 in
savings. Carbon Dioxide will be reduced and draw $14.39 of savings.
The trees at Lincoln Elementary School have provided great ecosystem benets since they
were planted many years ago. i- Tree Design was used to calculate the benets of these trees
during their lifetime. The total benets of these trees thus far amounts to an estimated $20,123.
Over half, $11,550 has been due to storm water runoff and the interception of 1,443,741
gallons of water. $1,305 has been saved due to improvement of air quality and $259 has been
saved from reduced carbon dioxide. $7,009 has been saved due to the saving of energy over
many winters
In 2014, at Glenwood Elementary School, i- Tree Design estimates that there will be $1,833.10
of savings. 124,930 gallons of rainfall will be intercepted, drawing $999.43 of savings. Air
quality improvements will get $118.15 in savings. $65.79 will be saved due to carbon dioxide
reduction. Winter energy savings will result in $649.73.
In 2029, at Glenwood Elementary School, i- Tree Design approximates a total savings of
$2,134.92. $1,288.15 will be saved from the trees intercepting 161,018 gallons of water.
$153.31 will come from air quality improvements. Carbon dioxide reduction will bring $81.42 of
savings. $612.05 will come from the saving of energy during the winter.
Glenwood Elementary School
Glenwood Elementary School, much like Lincoln Elementary, has beneted greatly from their
trees over past years. i- Tree Design estimates that, to date, the trees at Glenwood have saved
$41,881. $21,390 of that is saved from storm water runoff and the interception of 2,673,812
gallons of water. $2,506 of savings has come via air quality improvement. Another $1,625 has
been saved from reducing carbon dioxide. Energy conservation during many winters has
resulted in $16,360 in savings.
Lincoln Elementary School
i- Tree Design Report
Total Projected Benefits (2014-2029) - Over
the next 15 years, based on forecasted tree
growth, i-Tree Design projects total benefits worth
$7,288:
$4,035 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 504,314 gallons of rainfall
$488 of air quality improvement savings by
absorbing and intercepting pollutants such as
ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
particulate matter; reducing energy production
needs; and lowering air temperature
$177 of savings by reducing 18,263 lbs. of
atmospheric carbon dioxide through CO
2
sequestration and decreased energy production
needs and emissions
$0 of summer energy savings by direct shading
and air cooling effect through evapotranspiration
$2,588 of winter energy savings by slowing
down winds and reducing home heat loss
Figure 1. Tree benefit forecast for 15 years
Figure 2. Annual tree benefits for 2014
Current Year - For 2014, i-Tree Design estimates
annual tree benefits of $434.72:
$236.59 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 29,573 gallons of rainfall
$28.44 of air quality improvement savings
$9.53 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0.00 of summer energy savings
$160.16 of winter energy savings
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA
Trees Evaluated: 16
Future Year - In the year 2029, based on
forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design
projects annual benefits of $539.22:
$307.42 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 38,426 gallons of rainfall
$37.32 of air quality improvement savings
$14.39 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0.00 of summer energy savings
$180.09 of winter energy savings
Figure 3. Annual tree benefits for the year 2029
Figure 4. Total benefits to date
Total Benefits to Date - Over the life of the
tree(s) so far, i-Tree Design calculates total
benefits worth $20,123:
$11,550 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 1,443,741 gallons of rainfall
$1,305 of air quality improvement savings
$259 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0 of summer energy savings
$7,009 of winter energy savings
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA
Trees Evaluated: 16
Individual Tree Benefits
Tree
DBH
(in)
Condition
Location to
Structure
Benefits
Current
Year (2014)
Future
Year (2029)
Projected
Total
(2014-2029)
Total to
Date
1. Apple 11 Fair West (188 ft) $6.17 $9.22 $115 $70
2. Apple 7 Fair West (185 ft) $3.36 $6.78 $73 $23
3. Pine 12 Fair
Southwest (173
ft)
$56.63 $59.91 $873 $1,115
4. Pine 19 Fair
Southwest (183
ft)
$65.05 $67.44 $993 $2,883
5. Maple 60 Fair Southwest (84 ft) $52.62 $52.62 $789 $4,437
6. London
planetree
15 Good Southeast (26 ft) $17.48 $43.82 $482 $236
7. European beech 41 Fair Southeast (19 ft) $53.39 $53.39 $801 $5,088
8. Spruce 24 Fair Northeast (79 ft) $67.89 $67.85 $1,018 $3,856
9. Spruce 15 Fair Northeast (89 ft) $28.44 $31.64 $447 $730
10. Apple 11 Fair Northeast (70 ft) $6.17 $9.22 $115 $70
11. Callery pear 4 Fair North (25 ft) $1.79 $12.78 $114 $6
12. London
planetree
9 Excellent East (104 ft) $8.17 $19.75 $201 $52
13. Northern red
oak
29 Excellent
Northeast (112
ft)
$42.36 $45.58 $659 $1,386
14. London
planetree
8 Excellent East (106 ft) $7.03 $18.20 $181 $38
15. London
planetree
12 Excellent East (108 ft) $12.27 $24.35 $266 $106
16. London
planetree
7 Excellent
Northeast (117
ft)
$5.90 $16.67 $161 $27
Total $434.72 $539.22 $7,288 $20,123
DBH: "diameter at breast height" is the standard measurement of tree trunk width at 4.5 feet (1.5 meters) above the ground.
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Lincoln Elementary School, 732 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01107, USA
Trees Evaluated: 16
Glenwood Elementary School
i- Tree Design Report
Total Projected Benefits (2014-2029) - Over
the next 15 years, based on forecasted tree
growth, i-Tree Design projects total benefits worth
$29,787:
$17,073 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 2,134,068 gallons of rainfall
$2,028 of air quality improvement savings by
absorbing and intercepting pollutants such as
ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
particulate matter; reducing energy production
needs; and lowering air temperature
$1,110 of savings by reducing 114,342 lbs. of
atmospheric carbon dioxide through CO
2
sequestration and decreased energy production
needs and emissions
$0 of summer energy savings by direct shading
and air cooling effect through evapotranspiration
$9,576 of winter energy savings by slowing
down winds and reducing home heat loss
Figure 1. Tree benefit forecast for 15 years
Figure 2. Annual tree benefits for 2014
Current Year - For 2014, i-Tree Design estimates
annual tree benefits of $1,833.10:
$999.43 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 124,930 gallons of rainfall
$118.15 of air quality improvement savings
$65.79 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0.00 of summer energy savings
$649.73 of winter energy savings
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69
Future Year - In the year 2029, based on
forecasted tree growth, i-Tree Design
projects annual benefits of $2,134.92:
$1,288.15 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 161,018 gallons of rainfall
$153.31 of air quality improvement savings
$81.42 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0.00 of summer energy savings
$612.05 of winter energy savings
Figure 3. Annual tree benefits for the year 2029
Figure 4. Total benefits to date
Total Benefits to Date - Over the life of the
tree(s) so far, i-Tree Design calculates total
benefits worth $41,881:
$21,390 of stormwater runoff savings by
intercepting 2,673,812 gallons of rainfall
$2,506 of air quality improvement savings
$1,625 of carbon dioxide reduction savings
$0 of summer energy savings
$16,360 of winter energy savings
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69
Individual Tree Benefits
Tree
DBH
(in)
Condition
Location to
Structure
Benefits
Current
Year (2014)
Future
Year (2029)
Projected
Total
(2014-2029)
Total to
Date
1. Red maple 29 Fair West (152 ft) $29.03 $29.03 $435 $720
2. Eastern
cottonwood
25 Fair West (150 ft) $34.84 $48.80 $619 $639
3. Eastern
cottonwood
23 Fair West (151 ft) $30.98 $44.60 $558 $521
4. Red maple 25 Fair West (167 ft) $24.53 $24.53 $368 $527
5. Red maple 22 Fair West (123 ft) $21.68 $22.65 $333 $403
6. Red maple 34 Fair West (108 ft) $33.58 $33.58 $504 $1,007
7. Bigleaf linden 25 Good West (88 ft) $29.42 $39.90 $513 $723
8. Sugar maple 30 Good Northwest (78 ft) $38.41 $44.49 $617 $2,029
9. Pine 12 Poor
Northwest (106
ft)
$48.81 $49.73 $738 $1,051
10. Black locust 24 Fair Northwest (88 ft) $30.43 $30.43 $456 $552
11. Northern red oak 41 Good Northwest (55 ft) $96.05 $98.62 $1,459 $5,761
12. Pine 19 Fair
Northwest (112
ft)
$58.33 $60.22 $889 $2,943
13. Black locust 5 Fair
Northwest (171
ft)
$3.61 $11.38 $110 $12
14. Red maple 26 Poor
Northwest (129
ft)
$18.99 $18.99 $285 $425
15. Northern red oak 5 Fair
Northwest (122
ft)
$3.81 $9.52 $96 $17
16. Northern red oak 18 Fair
Northwest (122
ft)
$20.77 $25.46 $346 $405
17. Eastern white
pine
7 Fair
Northwest (112
ft)
$8.03 $12.75 $161 $30
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69
18. Red mulberry 7 Fair
Northwest (103
ft)
$5.50 $10.55 $117 $37
19. Black oak 21 Fair Northwest (92 ft) $25.34 $29.33 $409 $590
20. Red maple 8 Good Northwest (68 ft) $7.74 $16.37 $182 $43
21. Black locust 13 Fair Northwest (69 ft) $13.57 $16.88 $228 $130
22. Black locust 13 Fair Northwest (55 ft) $46.99 $50.30 $730 $476
23. Red maple 6 Fair Northwest (60 ft) $4.79 $12.25 $125 $19
24. Red maple 13 Fair Northwest (57 ft) $45.92 $50.60 $725 $486
25. White ash 6 Fair
Northwest (121
ft)
$4.69 $10.14 $107 $25
26. Black cherry 6 Fair
Northwest (116
ft)
$2.73 $6.54 $67 $12
27. London
planetree
8 Fair
Northwest (109
ft)
$6.09 $13.89 $145 $33
28. White ash 21 Good North (102 ft) $25.75 $33.20 $439 $596
29. Eastern white
pine
10 Good North (96 ft) $39.37 $69.47 $893 $191
30. White ash 17 Good North (109 ft) $19.94 $27.15 $350 $366
31. Red maple 19 Good North (149 ft) $20.79 $23.37 $332 $326
32. Eastern white
pine
28 Good North (131 ft) $60.12 $45.16 $799 $2,290
33. White ash 13 Good North (133 ft) $14.28 $21.96 $269 $195
34. Pine 13 Fair North (131 ft) $47.72 $37.10 $638 $1,400
35. Pin oak 26 Good North (104 ft) $37.17 $48.90 $643 $711
36. Eastern white
pine
12 Fair North (101 ft) $30.05 $34.48 $502 $221
37. White ash 16 Good North (123 ft) $18.51 $25.75 $330 $318
38. Northern red oak 22 Fair North (101 ft) $26.34 $30.11 $422 $642
39. Red maple 12 Good North (77 ft) $12.77 $19.13 $241 $116
40. Northern red oak 16 Fair North (71 ft) $17.98 $23.37 $310 $308
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69
41. Red maple 30 Fair North (89 ft) $30.18 $30.18 $453 $773
42. Pitch pine 13 Fair North (80 ft) $13.74 $21.86 $266 $151
43. Red maple 15 Fair North (81 ft) $14.63 $18.46 $249 $174
44. Pitch pine 9 Fair North (98 ft) $35.08 $36.36 $565 $186
45. Red maple 13 Fair Northeast (87 ft) $12.56 $17.25 $224 $125
46. Black cherry 4 Fair Northeast (42 ft) $7.72 $38.77 $255 $17
47. Littleleaf linden 12 Good Northeast (46 ft) $14.71 $30.26 $318 $200
48. Flowering
dogwood
8 Good Northeast (23 ft) $9.75 $11.58 $160 $100
49. Red maple 30 Fair Northeast (65 ft) $30.18 $30.18 $453 $773
50. Spruce 23 Fair Northeast (70 ft) $28.36 $28.10 $427 $2,136
51. Northern red oak 30 Fair Northeast (73 ft) $38.23 $40.40 $589 $1,293
52. Red maple 12 Good East (74 ft) $12.77 $19.13 $241 $116
53. Red maple 9 Good East (77 ft) $8.95 $17.19 $198 $58
54. Scotch pine 17 Fair East (60 ft) $63.21 $66.39 $989 $1,059
55. Pin cherry 9 Fair East (87 ft) $3.50 $3.68 $54 $39
56. Scotch pine 20 Fair East (65 ft) $54.83 $45.59 $764 $1,324
57. Red maple 7 Fair East (71 ft) $5.88 $13.08 $141 $28
58. Scotch pine 17 Fair East (52 ft) $83.57 $88.89 $1,307 $1,399
59. Red maple 7 Fair East (81 ft) $5.88 $13.08 $141 $28
60. Scotch pine 13 Fair East (75 ft) $56.43 $45.72 $803 $618
61. Pin oak 23 Fair East (86 ft) $28.32 $38.69 $499 $473
62. Pine 14 Fair East (93 ft) $12.61 $15.87 $212 $584
63. Black cherry 5 Fair East (99 ft) $2.20 $5.96 $59 $8
64. Eastern white
pine
13 Fair East (90 ft) $48.89 $40.17 $666 $412
65. Red maple 27 Poor East (93 ft) $19.82 $19.82 $297 $459
66. Pine 11 Fair East (58 ft) $75.85 $79.16 $1,161 $1,273
67. Red maple 14 Fair East (62 ft) $13.60 $17.85 $236 $149
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69
68. Red maple 24 Fair
Southwest (149
ft)
$23.58 $23.86 $356 $484
69. Norway maple 16 Fair
Southwest (134
ft)
$12.62 $16.73 $220 $148
Total $1,833.10 $2,134.92 $29,787 $41,881
DBH: "diameter at breast height" is the standard measurement of tree trunk width at 4.5 feet (1.5 meters) above the ground.
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i-Tree Design v6.0
Tree Benefit Report - 08/28/2014
Glenwood Elementary School, Morison Terrace, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
Trees Evaluated: 69