Human Sexuality 8/22/2012 7:13:00 AM

EQ PREVIEW
Across cultures, there is variability in the extent to which different body
parts are sexually attractive. Which culture eroticizes belly buttons the
most? D. Samoa

Significant differences in sexual behaviors
We talked about 1994 95% of people reported that vaginal sex
was the most recent sexual interaction they had
In 2010 people do way more different types of shit like anal and
oral. 44 different combinations of sexual behaviors since 1994.
Kissing is a sexual behavior that has changed.
Sexual behaviors and attitudes differences across cultures
There are differences among cultural subgroups within the US
Take home message.
There are no universal standards with regard to sexual behaviors
and attitudes
What is normal is defined by our community
To strangers, our behavior appears strange.
Evolutionary Psychology perspective
o .7 waist to hip ratio is most attractive for women .9 for men
o Incest avoidance
o Breast are a near universal attractive thing
There is no right way to be a sexual person.
Sexual Socialization Restrictive Societies
Pressure to refrain from sexual activity until have undergone a
formal rite of passage or have married
Sometimes, the sexes are separated throughout childhood and
adolescence
In some cultures, mutilation of female genital area to suppress
sexuality
Most sexuality repressed society in the world
Cross-Cultural perspective Most Sexually Restrictive
An Irish island culture.
No forplay or sex for pleasure
Permissive societies
Seeking privacy to engage in sex play is approved by parents
Normal for children to
o Openly masterbate
o Talk about sex
Least sexually restrictive
Manga a place
Arrival of manhood marked by superincision of penis
Boys instructed about sex and given to an experienced woman
Girls receive instruction
Adolescent male encouaged to have sex 18-20 times a week
Not just vaginal intercourse
Monogamous as adults
Cross cultural perpspectives
Eastern tantric cultures emphasize the value of sexual union during
sex.
Semi-restrictive
Sexual activities among adolecents are frowned upon
Premarital promiscuity is alright
o Dont ask.dont tell
o Dont get pregnant.
o
o
o
o
Historical Perspectives
Judaism
o Primary purpose of sex: procreation
o Celibacy was sinful
o Be fruitful and multiply
o Abraham was the father of many children
Romans
o Primary purpose of sex: procreation to produce children for
the state
o Males given sexual freedom outside of marriage
o Females treated as property
The greeks
o Emphasis on marriage and family
o Idolized human body and beauty
o Later emphasized spiritual development/denial of physical
pleasures
o Body and soul are separate and antagonistic
Christianity
o Separation of physical and spiritual love
o Saint paul
Body is evil
Women are seductresses
Celibacy is superior to marriage
Women are inferior to men and should assume bottom
position during sex
o Saint Augustine
Give me chastity but not yet!
solidified antisexual attitude of the church, shame, guilt.
Sex solely for procreation
Children born of the sin of the parents
o Reformation movement
Martin luther and john calvin
Opposition to celibacy
Emphasis on link between sex and love in marriage
Victorianism
o Era of prudery and purity
o Women viewed as asexual
Fulfilling wifely duties
Innocent
Modest
Antisexual attitude supported by medical views
o Masturbation leads to blindness
Sexual revolution
o Began in the 1950s with the two things necessary to engage
in leisure sex: time and mobility
o Continued into the 60s and 70s
o Birthcontrol and the IUD
o Penicillin to treat some STDs
o Emergence of HIV and AIDS in the 80s
(not just a gay disease)
o Even at height of revolution, most parents didnt talk about
sex with their children.
Repressed hypothesis
We Other victorians
o Rather than uniform concern to hide sex, rather than the
general prudishness of language.
o What distinguishes these last three ventureies is the variety,
the wide dispersion of devices that were invented for
speaking about it, for gavinga> > DIDNT FINISH IT FUCKER
Scientific Study of Sex
Science was met with reisistence
Medical view linked sex with diseases, but not empirical
Sigmund freud
o Sex as a primary motivation of behavior
o Libido
o Sexual energy channeled into particular areas of the body
Henry Havelock ellis
o Attempt to normalize sexual behaviors
o Had nocturnal emissions
o Waiting to go blind, insane, etc.
o Kept a diary
o Enraged at the medical profession for touting myths
o Six volume series Studies in the psychology of sex 1896-1928
o Women not asexual
o Men and women orgasm similarly
Alfred C. Kinsey
o Consummating the marriage to clara was problematic
o Taught marriage course but there was no objective data
o Largest known study of human sexual behavior
o Detailed sexual histories
Masters and Johnson
o First human physiological studies of sex
o Direct observation of 10,000 sexual episodes
o scientific peeping toms
o developed first methods for treating sexual problems
The national health and social life survey
o Comprehensive nationally representative survey
o Conservative politicians halted study of 20,000 americans due
to fears that it might legitimize homosexual lifestyles
o A scaled-down survey of 3432 adults results in the most
comprehensive nationally representative survey to date, with
scientifically sound sampling technics
o Face to face interviews
o Similar studies in England and france during the 1990s
Michael Reese
o The dude who did the 2010 study
FEMALE SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

External female anatomy: vulva
External female genitalia varies in appearance
Conists of:
o YOU DIDNT FINISH
Mos Veneris
o Mount of venus
o Part that gets covered in hair
Labia
o The outer layer and two inner layer folds of skin
o Labia majora
o Labia minora
o Protect vaginal and uteral opening when sexually
unstimulated
o After childbirth often majora remain separated in
unstimulated state
o Perineum is the hairless area of skin between vaginal opening
and anus
Labia minora
o Located between the labia majora
o Very sensitive to touch
o Many blood vessels become engorged with blood when
sexually aroused
o Can protrude beyond
o Aka hottentot aprons
o Forms clitoral hood
o Bartholins glands
At base of labia minora
Sperm-friendly lubricators
Clitoris
o Only known fuction focus sexual sensations
o As many (or more!) nerve endings as the entire penis
o Develops from the same embryonic tissue
Glans
Located below hood where labia minora meet
Like a small shiny button
Shaft (or body)
Located beneath clitoral hood about 1 inch long
Vaginal opening
o Surrounded by bulbcavernous muscle
Ring of sphincter muscle around vaginal opening in
women or penis in men
DIDNT FINISH
Urethral opening
o Located below clitoris above vaginal opening
o Urine passes from the bladder through the urethra
o DIDNT FINISH
Breasts
o Secondary sexual characteristic
o 15 to 20 mammary glands
o the nipple
smooth muscle fibers contract when aroused
many nerve endings
o areola
darkened area around nipple
gynecomastia in boys
o size determined by fat cells
o no relation between size and sensitivity
o piercings
More on evolutionary psychology



Internal female anatomy
Vagina
o Sheathlike canal
o Extends from vulva to cervix
o Depository for sperm as birth canal
o Expands for dicks and babys
o Vaginal walls consist of three layers
Inner mucosal surface like inside of mouth
After puberty walls become more elastic many blood
vessels
Lubrication- super filtered blood plasma secretion
o Self cleaning organ
o Douching increases risk of PID
o Vaginal opening is very sensitive to touch
o Very few nerve endings in inner 2/3
o The G-Spot
Highly sensitive area on front wall of vagina
`10% of women
o Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle surrounds the vagina
Practice kegel exercise for sexual satisfaction and
urinary control
Uterus
o Hollow muscular organ
o 3 tissues
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
o cervix narrow end of the uterus
a slippery bumb
one of the most common sites for cancer
human papilloma virus can be spread during sex
Risk of developing cervical cancer reduced by 75% by
regular pap smears
o Fundus broad end of uterus
Fallopian tubes
o Located on both sides on uterus
o No direct connection with ovary
o Fimbria
o Fertilized egg contines 3-4 day trip through tube
Ovaries
o Female gonads
o Same embryonic tissue as testes
o Two functions
Produce ova
Produce hormones
o All eggs at birth (300-400k)
o Termed follicles
Clitoris

Male anatomy:
penis
o Latin for tail
o Outer appearance:
Both reproductive and urinary functions
Length of flaccid penis: 3.75
Diameter: 1.2
Length of erect penis: 4.5 to 6.0
Diameter 1.5
Three main parts of the dick
o 1. Glans
o 2. Shaft
o 3. Root
shaft of the dick has 3 parallel cylinders of spongy tissue
o corpora cavernosa
o corpus spongiosum
spongiosum expands in from to form the smooth round tip (glans)
o urethra runs through the spongiosum
o serves as passageway for urine and sperm
o root
o
EQ PREVIEW
which of the following is true?
o the corona of the penis has many nerve endings


Circumsicion
o Foreskin protects glans from abrasions and dryness
History ancient Egyptians and greeks
Religion jews and muslims
Culture puberty rites
Victorian era fears about masturbation
o Smegma vs. soap and water
o Pediatricians oppose routine circumsions in countries where
good hyginene and adequate medical care exist
o About 56% of newborn boys in the US are circumcised
o For men at risk for STIs due to unprotected sex circumcision
may be recommended
MICROPENIS
o Rare condition of micropenis >1
o Hypospadias
o Peyronies disease
Curvature of penis
Scrotum
o Sac located beneath penis
o Contains testicles
o Contains small muscle fibers
o Sweat glands aid in temperature regulation
o Sparsely covered with hair
o Temperature regulation is important
o As much as 7 degrees F cooler
o Many land mammals use scrotum
o Other solutions
Elaborate vascular networks
Swollen area around cloacal opening where sperm are
temporarily stored
Testes
o Made of the same shit as the ovaries or something
o Makes the male eggs
o YOU DIDNT GET EVERYTHING
o Bigger testes in polygamist species
o Semiferous tubules
Produce millions of sperm
1-3 inches in length
o interstitial cells of leydig
located between tubules
produce androgens
o spermatic cord suspends scrotum
contains blood vessels nerves vas muscles
Duct system
o Four part system
o Epididymis
Seminiferous tubules
Elongated cordlike DIDNT GET EVERYTHING
o Vas deferens
Begins in the scrotum
Goes through spermatic cord
Into the abdominal cavity
Up and over bladder toward prostate
o Ejaculatory ducts
Short paired tubed run through prostate
Where sperm is mixed with the prostate fluid
o Urethra
Passageway from bladder to exterior of body
Seminal vesicles
o Very little of semen is sperm
o Mostly seminal fluid
o Fructose (activates sperm)
o DIDNT GET EVERYTING
Prostate gland
o Sexretes same fluid as seminal vesicals
o Also
Fibrogenise causes semen to temporarily coagulate to
prevent spillage
Antibiotic
Cowpers gland
o Pea-sized structure beneath prostate
o Secrets alkaline fluid
Neutralize acidity of urethra
Prevents destruction of sperm
Can contain viable sperm
EQ PREVIEW
This is the structure where sperm and fluids combine to make
semen
Ejaculatory ducts

The brain
Most sexual organ
The endocrine system
Network of ductless glands that secretes hormones directly into the
blood system
Chemical substances that travel through blood streams to other
parts of the body
Hormones are released by many organs and therefore effect many
organs
Targets are often at a distance
Released into the bloodstream
Not just for sex!
o CANT READ
Sex hormones not just gonads
o CANT READ
Brain- not just the hypothalamus
TYPES OF HORMONES
o Polypeptides, proteins
o Steroids
Lipid soluble
Pass through every cell
Most receptors located directly in nucleus of cell
EQ PREVIEW
HORMONES travel through the blood stream to the other parts of
the body

The endocrine system: two themes
Chemical messengers
o Travel everywhere through blood
o Hormones have a message
o Message is to change gene expression
o Cells which have receptors receive message
o Sometimes message is to release another hormone
Dominoes
o HPG
o HPA
o
The endocrine system: pituitary
Anterior pituitary
o Trophic hormones means seeking
o Released into general blood supply
o FSH stimulates follicle, sperm production
o LH triggers ovulation gonadal hormone release (T,E,P)
Posterior Pituitary
o Direct neural connection
o Quick released
o OT, AVP

o GnRH> FSH, LH > Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
o CRH>ACTH>cortisol, DDNT GET THE OTHER ONE
Target organs
How masculine is your testosterone?
o Androgen means masculinizing
o But not just for men
How feminine is your estrogen?
o Estrogenic effects mean to feminize
o But men make estrogen
o Tons of progesterone
More complex than testosterone comes from testicles
o Seminiferous tubule
o Adrenal gland makes androgens
o Ovary
More complex than estrogen made in the ovary
o Testes make E, tons of P
o Progesterone & brain
o Breasts
And it all ends back in the brain

EQ PREVIEW
Al of these are known for releasing testosterone except: C. Kidney

Pheromones
Chemical messenger
Externally secreted to convey information to and produce specific
responses in members of the same species
Only difference from hormones -> blood
o E.G. androstenedione
Caveat vomeronasal organ
Effects?
More attractive men had more attractive t-shirts
Moms prefer smell of their own childrens onesies

Economist: scent of a man
Men given a commercial fragrance showed an increase in self-
confidence
Self confidence improved a Lot
o Women who could watch them noticed
Short silent videos = yes
Still photos = no
o Women who could smell them = no
Self confidence = attractive
it was the mens movement and bearing rather than their physical
appearance that was making the difference
three broad theories of perfume use
o perfumes can DIDNT FINISH
The menstrual cycle: pheromones
Menstrual synchrony
Underarm sweat donors
Preovulatory sweat = shortened follicular phase
Postovulatory sweat = longer follicular phase
Male sweat = more normal cycle
COMPUTER TURNED OFF MOTHAFUKA

Testosterone and sexual desire
Testosterone seem to be on the plate at weird times
Testosterone is NOT related to sexual behavior. It is only related when you
go from 0 testosterone to some testosterone. Any amount of testosterone
that makes a 13 year old boy want some is enough to want to have sex.




YOU WERENT PAYING ATTENTION THIS DAY GET THE POWERPOINT.
Testosterone and sex
Severely low testosterone clearly linked to low levels of sexual
desire
Effects of sexual activity on beard growth in men
o Some nigga fuckin went on a desert island and was fucked up
lol nigga
EQ PREVIEW
The person with the most testosterone
o DREW BREES
o Magic Johnson is an aids ridden fucker, lower testosterone
The person who show effects of testosterone if they were to use it?
o Taylor swift
The menstrual cycle: terminology
Menarche: first menustration
Menstrual cycle
o Hormonal interactions that prepare a womans body for
possible pregnancy
Follicle
o The sac in the ovary that contains the ovum and thin capsule
of tissue
Menstruation
o Monthly discharge of endometrial tissue, blood, and other
secretions from uterus
Average length of first cycle: 28 days
Day 1= first day of flow
The menstrual cycle: follicular phase
Days 5 to 13
High levels of FSH stimulate development of follicle
Follicles secretes higher levels of estrogen
Estrogen stimulates release of LH & promotes growth of
endometrium
Inhibin inhibits further release of FSH
Ovulations
Day 14
o LH surge signals onset of ovulation 12 to 24 hours
o Graafian follicle ruptures and releases ovum
o Cervical mucus change in quantity & consistency to be more
hospitable for sperm
o Mittelschmerz
o Copus luteum- follicular cells remain in ovary and secrete
estrogen
Estrus
o Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earning by lap dancers:
economic evidence for human estrus
o Miller, tybur, &Jordan, evolution and human behavior 2007
o For cats, they ovulate as soon as they have sex
Luteal phase
Day 15 to 28
Cells of corpus luteum secrete high levels of progesterone
Progesterone inhibits further release of LH and prepares
endometrium for implantation
Endometrium develops DIDNT FINISH
Menstruation
If implantation occurs, placenta produces HCG so corpus luteum
continues to secrete E and P
Days 1 to 4
DIDNT FINISH
EQ PREVIEW
Progesterone levels are the highest peak during which pahse?
Luteal

THIS DAY SHE FUCKED UP ON THE SLIDES AND YOU COULDNT READ
ANYTHING!
Sex
Everything we do, think, feel, experience in instantiated in the brain
Brain revcieves information and sends out information
Rarely does a single brain area do something specific
Few neural processes are really new
Sex on the brain
Nursing
Audio/vocal communication
Play
Parenting
Mammals have evolved to take care of offspring = parental
Our brain is programmed to think its being rewarded during taking
care of offspring
Reward circuitry is tied to hedonic value of offspring
o Hedonic = pleasure
And if better be? Why selse would we do all this to ourselves
What brain areas?
o CANT READ, GET PPT ON MOODLE FUCKER
Mostly dopamine
Cocaine, food, video games etc. works on those areas
Hedonic value f nursing
o COOL CANT READ IT AGAIN
Oxytoxcin released into periphery stimulates milk let-down
Oxyocin also released upwards into brain
o CANT FUCKING READ FUCK USE A NEW FONT BITCH
Suspiciously similar brain areas as dopamine reward neurocircuitry
EQ PREVIEW
The reward neurocircuitry evolved so that
o People will take care of their kids



Human offspring are unique
o CANT READ
Helped by both maternal and paternal care
o CANT READ
EQ PREVIEW
Oxytocin is released in the brain only when nursing and caring for
young?
o FALSE




Brain co-opted the mammalian response to nursing to instantiate
mother-child bonding
DIDNT FINISH




Pair breeding uses same reward neurocircuitry via dopamine (like
cocaine)
Sex stimulates oxytocin release just the nursing
Oxytocin and dopamine to released to form bonds
Nonmonogamous species have oxytocin and dopamine, but release
isnt coupled
What about men?
o cant
Doesnt mean males dont bond
o Cant
Take home message
o Sex is fantastic
o Reason why is that it activates dopamine
o It also gets your brain to release oxytocin
Double hit
o Gives bonding experience
o Pair bonding
Neural changes from having sex are semi-permanent
Yes, this means that having sex changes the shape of your brain


You missed some shit

What about humans?
Are we addicted to love?
OT is released
o Many ways, YOU CANT READ ANY THOUGH FUCK
AvVP released during intercourse FUCK YOU DIDNT FINISH IT
AGAIN

EQ PREVIEW
Oxytocin and dopamine is released into the same areas of the
brain?
o True


CANT READ A WHOLE SLIDE. This is stupid


Humans arent monogamies or promiscuous
The more OT is released the more easily DIDNT FINISH
OT and AVP release in highly variable

LOVE on the brain
Lust
Attraction
Attachment
Can and do operate separately

8/22/2012 7:13:00 AM
weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeexCHAPTER 4
Masters and Johnson
312 men, 382 women
18 to 89 years old
over 10,000 sexual episodes of sexual behavior
o masturbation, sexual intercourse, anal-genital sex
o measurments included heart rate, blood pressure, muscle
tension, respiration, and brain waves
o penile strain gauges and vaginal photo-plastrymographs
measured sexual arousal
EQ PREVIEW
Which of the following stages was not included in masters and
johnsons sexual response cycle for men?
desire

Models of sexual response
Masters and Johnson model
o Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Helen kaplans model
o Desire, excitement, orgasm
Mens sexual response: desire
An intrinsic motivation to pursue sex
Is experienced as specific sensations which move the individual to
seek out or become receptive
DIDNT FINISH
Helen fisher, lust
o Sex drive or libido
o Associated with testosterone
o Limbic activity
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
o Eg. When viewing erotica
o Helps explain sex difference in arousal
CANT READ
Eight distinct sexual motivation
o Feeling valued by ones partner
o Showing value to ones partner
o Providing nurturance to ones partner
o Obtaining relief from stress
o Enhancing feelings of personal power
o Experiencing the power of ones partner
o Experiencing pleasure
o Procreating
Desire in men
o Higher levels
o Biologically based
o DIDNT FINISH
Excitement
First physical signs of arousal, erection
o 2 centers in spinal cord, two-way communication with sacral
section
o vascongestion
engagement
3-8 sex after stimulation
o not necessarily fully erect, variation in firmness
distraction, stress, can interfere with vascongestion
o how to do with heart rate and blood pressure
Autonomic nervous system
SNS Sympathetic nervous system
PNS parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic
The 4 fs
Like gas in a car
Adrenaline
PNS
Relaxation
Calm vegetative activities


Desire - SNS
Onset of erection PNS
Continuation of erection -PNS
Ejaculation SNS

Take a deep breath
Premature ejaculation
Stress
Impotency
Postage stamps
Our claim on science

Mens sexual response cycle
Excitement
Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
Thickening of scrotum
Testicles become filled with blood and slightly enlarged during the
end of the excitement phase
Nipple erections can occur
Plateau
High sexual arousal
Sets stage for orgasm
Length of stage varies
o From person to person
o From encounter to encounter
Testicles become fully engorged (50-100%)
Cowpers glands secrete fluid
Sex-tension flush (25% of men)
o Measles like rash, esp chest
o Skin has vascocongestive response
Orgasm
sudden discharge of the bodys accumulated sexual tension
brief but intense sensations experienced during sexual arousal
rhythmic muscular contractions
o M&J every 8 secs
o As short as 6 seconds
Perceptual, subjective experience
Researchers can measure the contractions, but not the pleasure
Begins in genitals, spreads throughout entire body
Essence is in the brain
Two stages:
o Emissions
Formation of semen through prostate into ejaculatory
duct
Vas
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Sphincter muscles contract close off urethra
o Expulsions
Additional contractions in the urethra muscles force
semen from body
Muscles around urethra tightly closed
Orgasm and ejactulation as separate events
o Subjective pleasurable sensation VS.
o Ejaculation of semen
Do not always occur together (e.g. puberty)
Multiple orgasms in men?
o Mini-orgasm, dry orgasm
o Wet orgasm followed by refractory period
o If stimulation continues may not return all the way to
unaroused (but will go below plateau)
EQ PREVIEW
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING statements is true?
o A man can have an erection without feeling aroused during
the desire phase


Resolution
The return to unaroused state
o Loss of erection, decrease in testicle size
o If no/delayed orgasm, temporary testicular aching
Epididymal hypertension
o Movement of testes away from body cavity & disappearance
of sex flush
Refractory period
o Period of time after orgasm in which physiological responses
fall below plateau level thus making it impossible to have
another orgasm until response builds back to plateau
o Partial/full erections are possible
o Duration varies
o Most important factor: amount of stimulation
Coolidge effect
Viragra
Originally treatment for hypertension
Inhibits an enzyme that regulates blood flow into arteries,
particularly penile artery
Requires stimulation to work
Treatment for erectile dysfunction
o If dont have ED, Viagra may cause hardness
o If dont have ED, you dont need to increase hardness
Recreation use, use in women
Sextasy
Penis size
Average size
o 3.75 in length
o 1.2 in diameter
o lots of variation
o grower vs shower
average size of erect penis
o 4.5 to 6.0 in length
o 1.5 in diameter
ethnic differences
penis size and relation to female anatomy
aphrodisiacs
substances that enhance sexual desires or performance
o things that look like genitals (e.g. oysters)
o Spanish fly causes information
o Alcohol is anaphrodisiac
o Cocaine -> erectile failure and anorgasm
o Marijuana enhances relaxation, erectile problems, lower
testosterone, fewer sperm
o Yohimbine effects men with psychological impotence
o Synthesized hormones



Womens sexual response
YOU WERENT PAYING ATTENTION, MAY HAVE MISSED SOMETHING
Masters and Johnson
Resembles model DIDNT FINISH


Bassons cyclic model
Emphasis on emotional intimacy and interpretation of stimuli
o Not everything sexy is sexy
o Low correlation between physiological arousal and desire
6 stages
better prediction of sexual problems
Excitement
vasocongestive response
vaginal lubrication
o first sign of physical arousal
o begins within seconds after stimulation
o super-filtered blood plasma
o makes penetration easier and prevents irritation
vaginal walls balloon out
cervix & uterus pull up
labial engorgement
labia majora
o normally covers vaginal opening
o flattens and moves apart
clitoris
o engorged with blood
o glans and shaft increase in size
o increase in diameter and length in 10% of women
Erection of nipples from small muscle fibers
Presence of lubrication emotionally/physically ready for
intercourse
Poor correlation between subjective arousal & physiological arousal
Bassons model
o 3 stages before get to arousal and desire
o sexual arousal precedes sexual desire
o relational context motivates excitement
Plateau
orgasmic platform
o inner 2/3 of vagina expands like inflated balloon
o outer 1/3 of vagina engorged
o swelling causes narrowing of vagina opening by 30-50%
Grips penis
o Penis size unimportant if shes on plateau
o Penis size unimportant if hes taking time
o PC muscles help too! Do your kegels
Sex tension clutch in 50-75%
Question? Is she still aroused?
o Clitoris pulls back against public bone
o Engorgement of breast/areola
Increases in size by 20-25%
Obsures nipple erection
o Showing of vaginal sexretions
Battalsasef gland doesnt secrete enough fluid to
lubricate
Labia minora engorged
o Thicken
o Vivid color change when close to orgasm
Do women Orgasm?
Masters and Johnson ended debate
o Subjective experiences of orgasm nearly identical to mens
Clitoris remains retracted
Wine colored labia
Controversies about orgasm
Orgasm at all
o 5-10% of women say that theyve never had an orgasm
o 30-75% orgasm on a regular basis
o 25-70% dont orgasm on regular basis
multiple orgasm
o 14-16% regularly
o 40% occasionally
female sexual response cycle is highly variable
o person to person
o encounter to encounter
multiples are only possible with continued sexual desire and
effective stimulation
more common during masturbation

YOU MISSED A DAY GET DAT SHIT
EQ PREVIEW
What area of the US has the highest STD/STI
The south


EQ PREVIEW
I am protected against HIV because I dont have homosexual sex with men.
False
EQ PREVIEW
Most people get HIV from homosexual sex
False

What can you do to avoid stis?
Practice abstinence
Practice monogamy
Select partners carefully
Avoid numerous partners
Avoid intravenous drug use
Get vaccinated
Protect babies
Be a good communicator
Reduce risk during sexual intimacy


Bananas for bonus points

Barrier methods
Rules for condom use
Put condom on before intercourse
Unroll condom
Hold on to base of condom when finished &withdraw
Use a condom only once
Check expiration date
Do not use rubber condoms with mineral oil or other petroleum
jellys because they disintegrate
Recent trends
412 pregnancies per 1000 teens
of American adolescents do not use contraceptive method at first
intercourse
only 1/3 of American adolescents between 15 and 19 use
contraception consistently
Recent trends: national drop in rate
overall the teen birth rate decreased 30% between 1991 and 2005
3% increases in the most recent years
2000
in 2010 LA ranted with 6
th
highest pregnancy rate of any state
Mississippi #1
2005: drop in rate
from 2007 2010 LA showed one of smallest drops in teen birth
rates ranking 13 with 13% drop
Teens drop
If you look at all the unplanned pregnancies, it has been
steady/dropping slightly in all women
If you look at teens, large drop from 94 to 02
2008 statistics, with 7% of 15-19 year old girls pregnant
But there is more work to do
Still many teen pregnancies
Accounts for $11 billion per year in cost to taxpayers
US has highest teen pregnancy rate in all industrialized nations
Consequences of teen pregnancy
Only 40% of young teen mothers graduate from high school
Teen fathers earn less than older fathers (20-21)
Compared to children born to older mothers (20-21 years old)
children born to teen moms are more likely to:
o Drop out of high school
DIDNT GET THE REST
Teen pregnancy link to poverty and other social issues
What are the chances of a child growing up in poverty if his/her
mother 1. Gave birth as a teen 2. Was unmarried when the child
was born 3. Did not receive a high school diploma or GED
o 27% of one of these things happen
o DIDNT GET ANY OF THE REST SHE GOES TOO FAST MAN
Deciding about contraceptives
Ethical and religious influences
Political factors
o Pregnancy and family planning servies for teens
Perception of person who requests contraceptives
o Personal morality
o Image from partner
o Family image
o Health care provider perception
o Lack of knowledge about SOMETHING FUCK
Deciding about contraceptives
Health considerations
o Risks versus benefits
Preparing the way for effective contraceptive. Think about your
personal
o Ethical and moral values
o Health concerns
o Attitude about your own sexual feelings
o Giving yourself permission to be sexual GGG
o Prepared to talk with your partner about contraception
o
THERES LOADS OF POO NOT ON HERE

EQ preview
____ is the only 100% effective birth control method
b. Abstinence

Approx. ____% of americans will pactice abstinence until they are married
a. 5%


Evaluation of birthcontrol
Abstinence is only 100% effective method
o 95% of americans have sex before marriage
o 80% of virgins at age 20 had premarital sex by age 44
o stable since 1950s
perfect-use pregnancy rate
o percentage of pregnancies during first year of use by couples
of who use the technique properly and consistently
typical-use pregnancy rate
o percentage of pregnancies during first year of use by all
couples who use technique, reguardless of whether or not
they use it properly or consistently
see table 6-2
ineffective methods of birth control
no contraception = 85% chance of getting pregnant
withdrawl (cotius interruptus) =4% 27%
o withdrawl of penis from vagina before ejaculation
douching = 40%
o female hygiene practice of rinsing out the vagina
o increased risk of PID
any others?
Contraceptive methods
lactational amenorrhea method = 2%
o breast feeding as natures contraceptive
o requires very frequent feedings because requires many pulses
of pituitary hormones
o risk of ovulation rises if breast-feeding occurs beyond six
months
fertility awareness-based methods
attempt to prevent contraception by having a couple abstain from
sex during the womans ovulation
calendar (rhythm) method = 9%/25%
o mathematical formula determines womans fertile period
basal body temperature method = (3%/25%)
o abstain from intercourse four days prior and four days after
rise in resting body temperature
billings method 3%/22-25%
o changes CANT READ
sympto-thermal method- 1%/20%
o combination of BBT and billings methods
Spermicides = 18%/29%
Chemicals that kill sperm
o Most commonly nanoxynol9
sold in variety of forms
o contraceptive foam
o contraceptive film
o creams, jellies, vaginal suppositories
in combination with barrier methods
do no protect against STI
o may increase risk slightly
barrier methods
DIDNT FINISH FOR WOMEN
Male condom 2%/15%
o Thin, soft, flexible, sheath of latex rubber-polyurethane or
pNIGGER I DIDNT FINISH
Female condom 5%/21%
o Shes not even staying on the slides anymore
Diaphragm 6%/16%
o Large dome shaped rubber cup with flexible rim that fits over
cervix NOFINISH
Cervical cap 9%/16%
o Latex rubber or plastic device that fits over cervix by suction
o NOFINISH
Leas shield 6%/20%
Contraceptive sponge 9%/SOMETHING
Intrauterine device IUD = .2-.6%/.2-.8%
o Most common reversible contraceptive
o Tiny plastic device inserted into uterus by physician
Copper wire around it
Mirena also slowly releases progesterone
DIDNT FINISH
Hormonal methods = .3%/3-8%
o Oral conception (birth control pill)
Prescribed by physician
Series of pills containing synthetic progesterone and
maybe estrogen
Progesterone = pro-gestation
Essentially tricks body into thinking it is pregnant
Regulates production of ova and menstrual cycle
Birth control pill
o Possible side-effects
Decreased libido
Pregnancy-like symptoms
Breakthrough bleeding
Cardiovascular problems
Inconsistent findings re-links to cervical and breast
cancer
o Health benefits
Decreased risk of endometrium and ovarian cancer
Decrease in number of benign breast tumors
Decrease in rates of ovarian cysts, rhumatioid arthritis
and PID
NIGGER DIDNT FINISH
o Injectable-contraceptive .3%/3%
Depo-pro DIDNT FINISH
EQ PREVIEW
The perfect-use pregnancy rate refers to:
o The percentage of pregnancies during first year of use by
couoples who use the technique properly and consistently

Fertility awareness based methods
Attempt to prevent conception by having a couple abstain from sex
during the womans ovulation
Calendar (rhythm) method = 9%/25%
o Mathematical formula
o NIGGER DIDNTFINISH

Can I get pregnant on my period
Ovulation ends the follicular phase
12-24 hours prior to release of ovum -> LH surge
estrogen levels elevated for 3-4 days to trigger LH surge
growth of follicle necessary to trigger estrogen rise
could be as short as 4 days
sperm can live that long
18 day cycle
Math for sex
Subtract 18 from shortest cycle
Subtract 11 from the longest cycle
Day 1 = first day of menstrual period
Perfect 28 day cycle for every cycle would have unsafe period of
day 10-17
1 week of abstinence at minimum
Hormonal methods = .3%/3%
Injectable contraceptive
o Depo-povera (DMPA) progestin-only method
o Prevents ovulation by blocking FSH and LH
o Possible side effects menstrual irregulararities, weight gain,
fatigue, nervousness, dizziness & or headaches
Norplant no longer available
Implantation prevents ovulation for 3 years (.5%)
Jadelle implant

Orthoevra (.3/8)
o Transdental contraceptive patch that contains both estrogen
and progestin
o DIDNT FINISH
EQ Preview
What phase of the menstrual cycle does birth control keep your body
Luteal

Vanginal ring (nuvaring) .3/8
o Clear flexible ring that contains both estrogen and progestin
o Effective for 28 days
o May be removed for short time during intercourse
EQ PREVIEW
Emergency contraception (plan B) is a very early abortion
False
o 99% effective if taken within 12 hours, 89% if within 3 days
o 7 out of 8 women who would have gotten preg. Do not get
preg if properly using plan b
o very high dose of progesterone prevents ovulation
o takes advantage of the fact that sperm are viable for several
days or something DIDNT FINSIH
Emergency contraception
Methods that prevent contraception when used in first few days
after intercourse
Not an abortion
o If implantation already occurred will not harm embryo
o If used effectively could prevent many abortions
1-2 million unintended pregnancies
27% typically end in abortion
prevents 270,000 540,000 abortions
Plan B
o =1% within 12 hours
o =11% within 3 days
implantation of copper IUD
Voluntary sterilization
General term referring to surgical procedure that renders individual
infertile
Most common contraception worldwide
Method for women =1%
o Tubal ligation
Laparoscopy
Ensure
Methods for men: vasectomy = 1%

Abortion
50 million abortions each year
30 million of those are under safe conditions
80,000 deaths during pregnancy due to unsafe abortions
abortion rate is declining
90% of abortions are within the first 12 weeks
medical abortion (RU-486)
o chemically induced abortion
o side effects nausea, cramping, & prolonged uterine bleeding
o within 8 weeks since last menstrual period
o 95-97% effective
first pill at doctors visit
2
nd
pill at home later
surgical methods
o dialation and curettage (D&C)
o late term abortions
roe vs wade (1973)
approximately half of unwanted pregnancies
o DIDNT FINISH

Pregnancy and childbirth

Dads and Cads
Dads more loving
Cads more assholes

Conception
Sperm
o Germ cell
o
o
EQ PREVIEW
The ___ contains the genetic information that will make the baby a boy or a
girl?
Sperm


Ovum chooses the sperm

EQ PREVIEW
Peak fertility is on ______
The day of ovulation



MISSED A SHIT TON OF STUFF BECAUSE YOU WERE PLAYING YUGIOH YOU
TERRIBLE STUPID STUDENT YOU

Pregnancy
What is a pregnancy test?
o Human chor
What is morning sickness



EQ PREVIEW
Fetus weighs about 1 pound and has periods of being awake and asleep
B. second trimester

First trimester
Embryo
Week 2-3
o Cell differentiation from head down
3 cell layers
o ectoderm -> CNS, skin, teeth
o mesoderm -> muscles, skeleton, blood vessels
o endoderm -> internal organs
week 6
o placental growth
week 8 fetus
o all organs developed
o 1 1/8 inch
face is formed
heart can be heard on Doppler machine
end of the 3
rd
month
o fetus = 3, 1 ounce
o uterus begins to enlarge

EQ PREVIEW
what is quickening?
The first time a woman experiences fetal movements


Second trimester
Often morning sickness goes away
Quickening
Stretch marks
Breasts swell
Colostrum
Swollen ankles, hands, feet
Hemorrhoids
Renewed appetite
starting to show
fetus responds to sound
has periods of awake/sleep
lungs cannot cope outside uterus
genitals are developed
by end, fetus is ~1, 1 lb
Third Trimester
mother
o routine activities are difficult
o enlarging uterus puts pressure on bladder, digestive organs
o back pain, frequent urination, GI problems, and low energy
o learn new ways to deal with center of gravity
o naval pops
Showing is larger than baby because placenta
Lots of extra blood
Fetus
o Covered in Lanugo & vernix casoea
o Enlargement of cerebral cortex
Rapid growth
o 1.5lb to 7-8 lbs
o 9
th
month more important for weight gain, transfer of
nutrients
full-term
o 32 weeks = high probability of survival
o 34 weeks = solid
o 37 weeks = full-term
o 40 weeks = due date
Sexual intercourse during pregnancy
Two patterns of sexual activity
o Steady decline throughout pregnancy
o 90% still have sex through the 5
th
month
o increase from first to second trimester
o attitude about sex before pregnancy
three reasons for decline in interest
o physical discomfort -> try different positions
o feeling unattractive -> what dads can do
o unnessesary fear of harming fetus
o relationship satisfaction
Is it safe?
o Yes
o Last 4 weeks?
Third Trimester
Blood volume
o Increases starting at 6-8 weeks gestation
o Maximum blood supply = 32-34 weeks
o Increase in plasma volume (40-50%) is greater than red cell
mass (20-30%)
o Supplemental iron and foile(sp?) acid restores hemoglobin to
normal (12 g/d)
Main purposes
o Facilitates maternal and fetal exchanges of respiratory gases,
nutrients and metabolites
o Reduces impact of maternal blood loss at delivery
o DIDNT FINISH

EQ PREVIEW
What is a teratogen?
Substance that can harm the uterus or fetus

Teratogens
Any environmental agent that causes damage during prenatal
period
Critical periods
Effects depend on several factors
o Dose
o Heredity
o Other negative influences
o Age of mother/fetus
Smoking
o 26% of pregnant women smoke
o risk of low birthweight baby
o miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy
o preterm birth, infant mortality, SIDS
Alcohol
o 16% of pregnant women drink in past month
o moderate use problematic
o Binge drinking especially problematic
o FAS leading cause of mental retardation in US
Cocaine
o 100,000 babies/year
o less growth
o preterm birth
o learning and behavior problems
some over the counter drugs
other drugs, known/unknown
talk to your doctor

What percent of the population is gay?
3%
8/22/2012 7:13:00 AM
Gender Identity and Gender Roles
Becoming a woman/becoming a man
Gender identity
o Sense of self as a man or a woman
o ~Age 3
Gender role
o Set of culturally specific norms concerning respected
behaviors and attitudes of men and women
o What are the norms in the US?
Gender-role stereotypes
o Oversimplified preconceived beliefs about gender roles
Androgyny
o Ability to display a variety of personality characteristics both
masculine and feminine
o Flexible, full range
o Context-dependent context-specific
o Associated with greater adaptability
Empathizing
Systematizing
The male brain vs. the female brain
Brain type doesnt necessarily match genitals
Advantage of one sex often centered by parallel advantage in other
sex
male biology centered by female biology
understanding sex differences in an age of feminism
Biological influences
What has happened by ignoring biology
But dont jump to conclusions\

EQ PREVIEW
What is the chromosome that makes a boy a boy?
C. Y

Biological influences
Intersexuality
46 chromosomes
XX-> girl
XY->boy
Other variations
o XXY (Kinefelters)
o Xo (turners syndrome)
o XXXY, etc.
o SRY gene
o SRY helps make TDF protein
Biological Influences
TDF makes testes
Testes secrete hormones
o Mullerian-duct inhibiting substance
o Testosterone
o Dihydrotestosterone

Biological influences
What happens if testes dont secrete testosterone?
o Androgen sensitivity syndrome
Identify as female, though they have a dick
What happens of testosterone is secreted by XX?
o Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
Is it all about testosterone?
o No,

EQ PREVIEW
The default sex is female
True

Hermaphrodite
o Both male and female gonads
o Bipotential gonad didnt differentiate
o Very rare
Pseudo-hermaphrodite
o AIS
o CAH
o Didnt finish
Intersex.
Caster Semenya
India

Gender/sex as social constructs
Intersex->sex as a continuous construct
Gender is very much a continuum
IoM report:
Sex
o The classification of living things, generally as male or female
according to their reproductive organs and functions
assigned by chromosomal complement
Gender
o A persons self representation as male or female, or
o How that person is responded to by social institutions based
on the indiviual gender representation DIDNT FNISH
Gender identity, disorder
DSM-IV criteria
o A strong and persistent cross-gender classifications
Symptoms repeatedly stated desire to be other sex,
preference for attrire of opposite sex
o Persistent discomfort with his/her sex or sense of
inappropriateness in gender role of that sex
o Not intersex
DSM-V
o Gender dysphoria disorder
o Gender incongruence
o Does not include sexual attraction
More frequent in males
Cause is unknown
o Hypothalamus?
Transsexual = gender identity
Transgender = gender role
Difference between transsexual and transgender is semantic
Transvestite = clothing
Continuum
Gender dysphoria
o Feeling of being trapped in body of the opposite sex
Sex reassignment surgery
o MTF
o FTM
o corrective surgery
o used to help confirm an individuals previously established
gender identity
o MTF simpler procedure
o Few express regret

EQ PREVIEW
What does intersex mean?
o Individuals with a combination of male and female anatomical
features
What does transsexual mean?
o Individuals whose gender identity does not match his or her
biological sex
Psychological theories
Gender identity
Freudian theory
o Sexual development as primary influence on psychological
development
Location of libido changed over time
Erogenous zones
o Oral stage
DIDNT FISNISH!
Psychological theories
Social learning theory
o Reinforcement: increases likelihood that behavior will recur
o Punishment: decreases likelihood that behavior will recur
Imitation
o Following behavior of someone taken as ones model
Social learning and imitation are not just from parents
Gender roles
Theories of gender role
o Evolutionary model
o Sociocultural model
Psychological differences between men and women are
social construction
Book says oppositional theories
But..
o Distal vs. proximal influences
o Biological predispositions are not destiny
Is it possible to embrace sex differences while exploring gender role
flexibility?


Gender roles and sexual relations
Dichotomy for women?
Women have milder sex drive
o Men are more interested in physical aspects of sex
o Women are more likely to have sex for emotional intimacy
Stereotypic attitudes toward sexuality contributes to negative
/inflexible labeling
Inflexibility concerning dads and cads

EQ PREVIEW
What is sexual orientation?
A distinct preference for sexual partners

Different types include
o Heterosexual
o Homosexual
o Bisexual
o Others?
EQ PREVIEW
What percentage of people are gay?
Around 3%

Prevalence of homosexuality and bisexuality
Kinsey, et al (1953) studies
o 4% homosexual for life
o 10% homosexual for at least 3 year period
o 25-33% had at least one same-sex sexual experience
o in women
13 to 15% had at least one same-sex DIDNT FINISH
10% exclusively homosexual, about same exclusively heterosexual
continuum still accurate
%s inaccurate

Hunt (1974)
In men
o 20 to 25% had at least DIDNT FINISH
laumann (1994)
o 2.8% of men and 1.4% of women self-identified as bisexual
or homosexual
o DIDNISHFINSH!
2010 national survey
o homosexual
4.2% of adult men
.9% of adult women
o bisexual
2.6% of adult men
3.6 of adult women
o same sex sexual behavior
men 6% received oral, 2-7% performed oral, 4-5%
receptive anal
women. Less than 5$ received DIDNT FINISH
many people have had same-sex sexual experiences as
adolencence
not everyone who has had sexual experience with both sexes
identifies as bisexual or homosexual
o 10%
homosexual or bisexual
o 3-7% of American men
didntighfinsh!

EQ PREVIEW
Which of the following is not a component for defining sexual orientation?
Fantasy

Defining sexual orientation: another look
Distinguish behavioral and psychological DDNFINISH!

Biological origins of sexual orientation
sissy boys and tomboys
biological explanations are partial at best
genetic factors
o concordance rate ~50-60% genetic
o 100% identical twins, 10% fraternal, 11% adoptive
o 48% identical females, 16% fraternal, 6% adoptive
o close relative who is gay
male homosexuality influenced by gene in X chromosome
genetic? Wouldnt evolution deal with that?
What do genes do?
Bems exotic becomes erotic (EBE) theory
Gene code for termperment play preference
Better prediction for nonconforming boys


Organizational Activation Hypothesis
When children are still exposed to high levels of hormones even
after they are born.
Early Infancy (ages 0-1)
Sexuality begins in womb
o Not suprising, there are hormones a plenty!
o Even masturbation?
Boys and girls experience vasocongestive responses
Both experience pleasure from touching genitalia
Physical affection is vital
o Bonding attachment between infant and his/her primary
caregivers
o Changes childs pathways of development
Early Childhood (Ages 2-6)
Sexualized behaviors increase dramatically after age 2, peak
between 3 and 5, and decrease until puberty
Sexual exploration with same sex peers is common
Fascinated with genitals
Masturbation is normal
Parents response have very important consequences
School-Age Years (ages 7-11)
Latency period = consequence of negative cultural attitudes
Continued sexual exploration with same sex person
o Sex segregation
o Exploration more acceptable in boys
Questions about sex are common
o Children dont get much info from parents
Sexual activity may be covert
What is adolescence?
Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty
Puberty is advanced by sex hormones
Adolescence is a mismatch
That awkward period between sexual maturation and the
attainment of adult roles and responsibilities

EQ PREVIEW Childrens first sexual attractions around age 10 are most likely
related to which hormone?
DHEA dehydropiandrosterone
Which one is related to growth spurts?
Estrogen

Puberty (ages 7-15)
Physical changes that accompany during maturation
Process that lasts several years
Two stages
o Adrenarche
Begins between ages of 6 and 8
Secrete hormone DHEA, androtestosterone
Process that lasts several years
Two stages:
o Maturation of gonads
Secretion of FSH and LH
Development of secondary sex characteristics

EQ PREVIEW
Which one is true?
Boys masturbate more than girls

Body image has a direct correlation with quality of life

Noncolioltal sexual acts that teenagers are involved in
Necking (above waist)
Petting (below waist)

Motivations for engaging in sex
Excitement
Relationship intimacy
Others?
Peer pressure
Desire for acceptance by peers
Desire for acceptance by partner
Social status
Expectation about social norms

Emerging adulthood (ages 18-25ish)
Brain development
not yet grown up
for some = time of sexual experimentation
80% of 18-25 year olds
3/4
ths
of college students have had 1+ sex partners in the last year
hooking up
serial monogamy
sexual self-schemas
o cognitive views about sexual aspects of life

Young Adulthood (ages 26-39)
Norm=long-term monogamous
Marriage
o Average age was 25, 27, CANT READ
o Average frequency of sexual intercourse in first year of
marriage 15 times/month
o DIDNT FINSIH
Cohabitation
o Nearly of American women have cohabitated with a man
outside of marriage
o Trial period before marriage or alternative to marriage
o Relatively unstable union
Is data outdated?
Extramarital sex in supposedly monogamous marriages
o ~28% of men and 16% of women in their 30s admit to affair
o gender differences in perception of affairs
o reasons for extramarital affairs?
o Two contributing factors opportunity and alienation
MISSED THE STUDENT PRESENTER

Talking to your children
They will learn about it from someone
Misinformation
Single talk? Education is a lifelong process
More than just about sexual intercourse
Parents can be embarrassed
Age appropriate discussions
o Emphasizes morals, but dont preach/dominate
Global morality
Situational ethics
o Scare tactics
o Pleasures of sex
o Factual information
o How you say it is important
o Be askable and accepting
o Be a role model
Do as I say doesnt work

Young Adulthood (ages 26-39)
Norm = long term monogamous
Marriage
o Average age was 25-27 27-29
o Average frequency of sexual intercourse in first year of
marriage: 15 times/month
o May decline after a couple years
o Married women more likely to experience orgasms
o Married couples more likely to use variety of sexual
techniques
Cohabitation
o Nearly of all American women have cohabitated with man
outside of marriage
o Trial period before marriage or alternative to marriage
o Relatively unstable union
Is data outdated?
Extramarital sex in supposedly monogamous marriages
o ~28% of men and around 26% of women in their 30s admit
to affairs
o gender differences in perception of affairs
o reasons for extramarital affairs?
o Two contributing factors: opportunity and alienation
Extramarital sex consensual arrangements
o Open marriage
Agreement that is permissible to have sexual relations
outside of marriage
As many as 15% of married couples have
understanding
o Swinging
Open marriage arrangement in which couple has
extramarital affairs with another couple
Middle Age (ages 40-59)
Historical view of parents and grandparents as asexual
Current attitude toward sex predictive of attitude later in life
Young people underestimate how often their parents have sex by
~half
Frequency of sex
o Highest for married people aged 25-35
o Decline is gradual in 40s and 50s
o Married couples have sex more frequently & more satisfied
with sex lives
o Individual factors affecting sexual desire; cognitions DIDNT
FINISH
Loss of mate by divorce or death
o ~half of marriages end in divorce
o 40% of americans aged 45 or older are single
o reentry into dating world can be daunting
o adjustment more difficult for women
more opportunities for men
societal norms: nonmarital sex
double standards re: younger DIDNT FINISH
The elderly years 60+
Misconception that elderly are asexual
o Over 70% of individuals in 60s report having sex regularly
Steady decline in sexual activity with age
Factors contributing to decrease in sexual pleasure
DIDNT FINISH

You missed a lot of shit dude

EQ Preview
The most significant increase in prevalence rates since the Kinsey studies in
the 1940s and 1950s is:
C: oral-genital

Oral-genital sex
Fellatio
Cunnilingus
Can be pleasurable for both receiver and giver
69

Most significant increase in prevalence rates since Kinsey studies
Positively correlated with educational levels
Negatively correlated with religiosity
Comparable to mouth-to-mouth contact in terms of hygiene
Ethnic differences in prevalence rates
EQ PREVIEW
According to the new sex survey this sexual behavior shows the most
striking increase in prevalence
Anal intercourse

Anal stimulation
Variety of behaviors including:
o Anal intercourse
o Use of fingers and dildos
o Fisting
o Rimming
Anus has numerous nerve endings
o highly sensitive to touch
o rhythmic muscular contractions occur during orgasm
o caution; sphincter contracts upon penetration
o use lubrications, condom, go slow esp at first; wash up.
Anal intercourse
o Common among homosexuals; but not all
o Stigmatized among heterosexuals?
In 1994,20-26% tried it, likely underestimated
o Gender differences in appeal of & reasons for engaging in:
5% of women report very or somewhat appealing
14% of men report very or somewhat appealing
ATM
your own, health concerns not too bad
someone elses
o gastroenteritis from e coli
o intestinal parasites
o stis
o please dont do ass to pussy
Foreplay
highly rated behavior = watching partner undress
other activities
the sexually healthy person
feels comfortable with their sexuality
feels free to choose whether or not they wish to try variety of
sexual behaviors
also free from life-threatening diseases
independent of sexual experience


LOVE AND RELATIONSHIPS

EQ PREVIEW
In addition to many characteristics of friendship lovers have the following
characteristics EXCEPT:
Identical love-style

Friendship includes characteristics most people desire DIDNT FINISH

Compassionate love
based on togetherness, trust, sharing, affection, and a concern for
the welfare of the other
o realistic
o stable love found in lasting adult relationships
sex and the brain
o pair bonding
o oxytocin and vasopressin
o not necessarily based on passion but can facilitate

EQPREVIEW
Passionate love may best be described as:
Intense longing for union with another, a state of profound physiological
arousal

Passionate love:
love -> compassionate love
in love -> passionate love
intense longing for union with another
a state of profound physiological arousal
o more sexualized than companionate love
o tends to decline with time
PREREQUISITES FOR LOVE
Self-acceptance
Self-esteem/positive self concept
o Confidence
o Does not require external validation (neediness)
The manner in which one is raised is important for acquiring a
positive self-concept

EQ PREVIEW
The neurocity of pair-bonding and love most clearly maps onto which neural
system in Helen fishers model
Attachment

Theories of love
Attachment theory
The infant-caregiver attachment bonds relate to relationship styles
in adulthood
Recall from sex and the brain
Four styles:
o Secure
o Anxious-ambivalent
o Avoidant (2 subtypes dismissive and fearful)
o Secure, preoccupied
Evolutionary psychology explanation?
o Life history theory
o Patterns established in childhood (5-7 years)
o Activated after adrenarche, puberty
o Parents/environmental cues
o Gender differences are meaningful
Secure=secure
Avoidant
o Cads
o Status seeking strategy
Anxious/ambivalent (preoccupied)
o Overdependence maximizes partner/kin investment
o Exaggerated signals of need
o Spreads caregiving cost onto relatives
Eros highly idealized; love at first sight
Ludus self-centered; love as a game
Storge affection grows into love
Agape
Maintaining a relationship
I love you youre perfect. Now change
Decline of passion
o Habituation (remember novelty?)
o But intimacy can change over time
o Enhance compassionate love
Growing apart
o Fewer shared activities
o Child-rearing years especially stressful
o Shared activities treated as chore
o Slow process
Growing together
o Try new activities together
o Try new sexual experiences together
o Substitute new activities as old ones drop out
Make time
o Doesnt have to be every activity
Communication
Intercourse means communication
Self-disclosure is one of the most important components of loving
someone
o A mutual exchange of vulnerabilities DIDNT FINISH
Gender differences is not that boys cant talk
Gender differences in communication style
o Talking over problems
o Asking for directions
o Expressing needs
o Talking and listening
Gender differences in partner communication
o Women tend to send clearer messages
o Women set the emotional tone of an argument
o Women often use more speech qualifiers
o Men tend to send negative messages or withdraw
Nonverbal communication
Three most important forms of nonverbal communication
o Proximity
o Eye contact
o Touching
Shirtcliffs soapbox
o Yes
o No
o Either way is fine
8/22/2012 7:13:00 AM
EQ PREIVEW
While having intercourse Christian is distracted by observing his own sexual
responses. What is Christian most likely doing.
Spectatoring
The PLISSIT method of sexual therapy involves each of the following except:
Pleasure


Male Sexual Problems
Sensate focus exercises are
May involve a type of teasing of the penis to make erections come and go

Sensate focus
Sensate I: pleasuring
o Days to weeks
o making out
o massage
sensate II:
o genital pleasuring
o no orgasm
o mutual masturbation
o oral genital, teasing tempo
o be selfish, but take turns
o try, try again
Male sexual problems sexual desire disorders
Hypoactive sexual desire (0-3% of men)
o Sexual anorexia nervosa
o Primary
o Secondary or acquired
o Causes
Organic(low testosterone)
Psychological (repressive upbringing, severe stress,
anger at ones partner, depression)
o Behavior and cognitative therapies
Sexual aversion disorders
Sexual Arousal disorder
Persistent or recurrent inability to get or maintain an erection, and
distress (25%+)
o Just about everyone at least once
Fatigue, stress, alcohol, etc.
o 10% under age 40; 37% aged 60+
80% organic cause
o circulatory problems, neurological disorders, prostate surgery,
low testosterone, groin injuries
o medications (e.g. antidepressants, beta-blockers)
o a little sex therapy doesnt hurt
vacuum devices, injectable drugs, medications, penile implants
Sexual Arousal Disorder
Psychological issues
o Trauma, stress and life changes, depression
o Performance anxiety, spectatoring
Sensate focus with teasing
Woman on top or side by side
Counseling personal and relationship issues
Male orgasmic disorders: premature ejaculation
Number of thrusts?
o 2 min svs 3-13 min average
absence of reasonable voluntary control of ejaculation and distress
organic or psychological causes
30% = most common, easiest to treat
o know the signs
o squeeze technique
o stop-start masturbation, no distractions, work up to lubricant
o side-by-side or woman on-top with hand on hip
o take a deep breath
EQ PREVIEW
Taylors sex therapist.
Premature ejaculation
Hugh cant get it up.
Erectile disfunction

Male orgasmic disorder
Difficulty reaching orgasm and ejaculating into the vagina
o 1-3% of them
most causes have psychological causes
o strict religious upbringing, fear of getting a woman pregnant,
hostility toward partner, maternal dominance, too much focus
on performance
organic causes may include use of drugs, alcohol or neurological
disorders
bridge maneuver
Male Sexual pain disorder
Dyspareunia
o Prostate, bladder, or urethral infection
o Phimosis (foreskin too tight)
o Peyonies disease
Priapism
o Drug use, damaged valves, tumors, infection
o Emergency room treatment
Benign coital cephalagia sex headache
o Relaxation techniques
o Medication for high blood pressure
o Anti-inflamatory drugs
Missed a day.


Hypersexuality
No such DSM category
Sexual compulsion
Sexual addiction
o Recurrent failure to control behavior
o Continuation of the behavior despite significant harmful
consequences
Engage in sex (or masturbation) compulsively to reduce anxiety
Find little or no emotional satisfaction
Hypersexuality on the internet
Results from intimacy dysfunction
Often victims of childhood sexual abuse
Therapy treats interpersonal discomfort
Find healthy, adaptive ways of dealing with emotional needs
Defining normal or abnormal
Statistical approach
o Normal if large people engage in it
Sociological approach
o Abnormal if not customary within society , subculture
Psychological approach
o Abnormal if causes distress or guilt and/or
o Problems with occupational or social functioning
Sexual variant
Unusual behaviors that are engaged in for variety and not as ones
preferred manner of becoming sexually aroused
Sexually healthy person
o Feels positively about his/her sexuality
o Feels free to choose to engage in sexual behavior
GGG
o Good, giving, and game
o Communication
Common theme paraphilia = insecure
EQ PREVIEW
Channing is in a long term relationship
Variant
Don likes panties a lot
Paraphilia

Sexual terminology
Deviance
o The inappropriate or flawed performance of a conventionally
understood sexual practice
Perversion
o A disease of sexual desire
o Violates sexual practices of a time and place
Paraphilia
o Besides love
o sexual gratification depends almost exclusively on engaging in
or thinking about the behavior
Paraphilias
Langstroms Sweden study
o 3.1% aroused by exposing genitals
o 7.7 aroused by watching others have sex
study of sexual offenders (1987)
62% admitted to having previously committed sexually deviant
behavior
one paraphilia is often comorbid with another
o 50% engaged in 1_ sexually deviant behavior
o average was 3 or 4 types
most had developed sexual fantasies and interests by age 12 or 13
Courtship Disorders
Paraphilias that disrupt courtship behavior
Four-phase sequence of courtship
o Finding phase
o Affiliative phase
o Tactile phase
o Copulatory phase
Sometimes considered nonviolent offences
o of these also meet criteria for pedophilia in
didntfinishugghhh
voyeurism
o repeatedly seeking sexual arousal by observing nude
individuals without knowledge or consent
o behavior usually begins before age 15.
o Aroused by risk of discovery
o May or may not masturbate
o Low self-esteem, shy, poor social skills, difficulty in
heterosexual relationships
Scoptophilia repeatedly seeking sexual arousal by watching others
have sex
Exhibitionism
o Exposing ones genitals compulsively inappropriate settings in
order to obtain sexual gratification
o Behavior usually begins by midteens or 20s
o Half have erections
o Arousal proportionate to victims reaction and
perDIDNGIFISHNSIH!
o
Northwestern

Rape
Nonconsensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration, obtained by force,
threat of bodily harm, or when the victim is incapable of giving
consent
Physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration even if slight
of the vulva or anus, using a penis, other body parts, or an
object WHO
wbat is consent?
Legal standard: how a reasonable person would have responded in
the same situation
U.S. prevalence rates
16 attempted rates per hour
a woman is raped every 6 mins
20% of girls and 20% of boys are victims of sexual abuse before
the age of 13
women aged 16-24 are the most frequently reported victims
victims range from infants to over 80 years old and include boys
and men
young people are least likely to fight back or realize they have been
victimized
EQ preview
Which of the following is true?
U.S. has the highest rape statistics

the younger the victim, the more likely the attacker is an
acquaintance or relative
Rapists
o young men who repeat the crime
o 23% reconvicted, but is more than that
o not oversexed or deprived. Many have sexual partners
o not about testosterone
developmental history
o caregiver inconsistency
o stereotyped gender roles, hostility toward women
o low empathy, low internal controls
o distorted cognitive processes, but IQ may be normal
40-70% of sex abuse victims will later commit a sexual offense
o recapitulate the offense
o learned behaviors
o skewed sense of normalcy for sexual activity.
Relationships between rapists and their victims
was it rape?
6% of college women say they were raped
21% say they had had sex with men they did not want to, and were
pressured into it
10% of HS girls
rape
highly under-reported
o 5% of rapes reported
o stranger rape is more likely to be reported
o male rape very unlikely to be reported
most rapes are planned to at east some degree
Date rape is real rape
Rape by date or acquaintances
90% of know assailant
o 3% of men forced someone to have sex
o 4.4% acts legally rape
o 3.3% attempted rape
DIDNGISHTFHSH
sexual coercison
act of forcing another person into unwated sexual activity by
physical or verbal coercion
o physical coercion includes threats of violence, physical
restraint &/or use verbal coercion
almost as many college men as women report having been victims
DIDNTFINISH
honest clear communication might help
keep verbal cues clear
o how clear are my goals?
o Token resistance (54% of women believe in it
o Compliance
o Low self-esteem
Some men learn to ignore no from these types of experiences with
women
EQ PREVIEW
Compliance refers to:
D. saying yes when you dont mean it

Gang Rape
Rape in which a victim is assaulted by more than one attacker
o 43% of rape victims had more than one attacker
o 71% of rapists had taken part in rapes with more than one
assailant
assert power, control, express anger
be a part of the group
o wilding central park jogger
statutory rape
sexual intercourse by adult with partner who is not yet legal age of
consent
legal age of consent varies from state to state
o 17 in LA
same laws protect individuals with development disabilities

EQ PREVIEW
Recent events at penn state remind us that
A. males can also be victims of rape

Male victim may get an erection while feeling great fear or terror of
assault
Some women kidnap man and force sexual acts on him
Male victims suffer in all the same ways that females do
Additional issues related to masculinity and sexual response to
unwanted sex


Porn and sex crimes
Nonviolent material
o Most is nonviolent, some egalitarian & aggression is
consensual
o Sex offenders had less exposure to porn
o Report that porn was not what caused them to become
offender
o Sex crimes decreased with rise in porn
Violent material
o Most people have negative responses to violent or degrading
films. But not all
o Most males will have sexual arousal when viewing violent XXX
o After watching, many males become less sympathetic toward
rape victims
o Greater belief in rape myths
o 1 in 8 holly wood films shows rape more than XX
Same-sex rape and coercion
Prison Rape: heterosexual or homosexual
Other rape experiences
o Half of male victims were assaulted during childhood
o Many gang-raped by boys they know
o 12-27% of gay men report being raped, often in dating
situations
Rape Myths
Women who are raped usually provoked it by their dress and
behavior
o The way a person dresses or acts does not influence the
rapists choice of victim
o The decision is often based on how easily he perceives his
target can be intimidated
o Available, vulnerable targets
Women subconsciously want to be raped
o Common fantasy, but no
No woman can be raped if she truly does not want it
o Sounds like legitimate rape?
o Vasocongestive responses can be involuntary
Women frequently make false accusations of rape
o Only 2% of rape reports are given falsely
Rapists can be easily spotted
o Not physically identifiable
EQ preview
Rapists who commit their attacks to overcome personal feelings of insecurity
and inadequacy.
Power Rapists

Power rapist
Premeditated
Feelings of insecurity and inadequacy
55% of convicted rapes
Anger rapists
Unplanned
Express hostility, anger at women in general
More physical abuse than necessary
40% of convicted rapes
Sadistic rape
aroused by physical force, victim in pain
5% of all convicted rapes
Opportunistic Rapist
Motivated by sex
Distorted attitudes
Anger at victims resistance
Majority of rapes
%?