Study of the therapeutic effectiveness of microwave heating based therapy for the treatment of cancer. Microwave heat are a non-ionizing form of radiation. A time varying state space model for tumor growth has been made and the tumor growth dynamics was observed. Presence of controlled microwave heating may be a better workable strategy for positive treatment outcome.
Study of the therapeutic effectiveness of microwave heating based therapy for the treatment of cancer. Microwave heat are a non-ionizing form of radiation. A time varying state space model for tumor growth has been made and the tumor growth dynamics was observed. Presence of controlled microwave heating may be a better workable strategy for positive treatment outcome.
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Study of the therapeutic effectiveness of microwave heating based therapy for the treatment of cancer. Microwave heat are a non-ionizing form of radiation. A time varying state space model for tumor growth has been made and the tumor growth dynamics was observed. Presence of controlled microwave heating may be a better workable strategy for positive treatment outcome.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Study of the therapeutic effectiveness of perfuse through the tissue.
But solid malignant
Microwave heating based therapy for the tumors have less blood perfusion than the surrounding normal tissue. And hence for a given treatment of cancer absorbed thermal dose, the tumor within normal Probir Kumar Dhar Electronics and Communication tissue will therefore reach a higher temperature than Department. Bengal College of Engineering and Technology. SSB Sarani. Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur. West Bengal the surrounding normal tissue. And tumors when probir_2010@yahoo.com heated to higher temperatures for at least an hour, in Abstract: Analytical model of tumor growth in the some cases it have been shown to decrease in size absence and on application of microwave heat (which are a and to exhibit necrosis (death of the tumor cells). non-ionizing form of radiation) based therapy is of major Therefore, hyperthermia also shrinks tumors. For importance for studying the dynamics of treatment in tumors of the head, neck and breast etc a smaller oncology. A time varying state space model for tumor tumor due to hyperthermia treatment may reduce the growth has been made and the tumor growth dynamics was disfiguration associated with surgical removal of the observed to investigate the role of microwave heat based tumor. therapy in combination with other existing therapies. The Application of hyperthermia boost ups the system dynamics has been observed with different therapy administration strategies such as metronomic chemotherapy immunity level within body and hence it may reduce (MCT), maximum tolerable dose chemotherapy (MTD) in the chance of future recurrence of the tumor growth. presence and in absence of microwave heat based therapy. Again hyperthermia increases the drug sensitivity of It has been found that presence of controlled microwave the tumor cells. Hence it may result a positive heating may be a better workable strategy for positive outcome for the treatment of tumor growth when treatment outcome. In practical case it has been observed applied in combination with MCT and MTD. that there is a deviation in output from the theoretical prediction. Since there is variation in biological parameters from person to person and it is not always possible to made The system model: In the system model different separate theoretical prediction for a particular human body. types of tumor cells with two stages of maturation In this paper this variation has been considered in system (less and more differentiated) are considered. The model equation. Stochastisity has been incorporated in the growth rate, apoptotic rate, transformation rate of system controlling parameters to consider the variation in each type of cells and transformation delay time from different human species [3]. Incorporation of controllability one type to another type tumor cells are also criterion has an advantage in the assessment of different considered. therapeutic outcome. Introduction: Microwave thermotherapy System equation: The dynamical equation of the (hyperthermia) is a cancer treatment processes being model is based on the difference equation. The whole followed since 80’s in many countries around the is being iterated for about 1000 days, starting from world. Biologically it is based on the fact, that day 1. Hence the system equation is a time-varying cancerous tissue due to reduced blood flow is not system and can be written as follows: able to survive the temperature above 41 degree C, N(t) = [N(t-1) + r(t-1)×N(t-1)] – [a(t-1)×N(t-1)] while healthy tissue resist up to 45 degree C. So … (1) heating into this temperature interval cancerous cells N(t) = [N(t-1) + r(t-1)×N(t-1) + dr(t-1) ×N(t-1)] – a(t- can be selectively killed. [1] 1)×N(t-1)] …. (2) It has been found that within a certain Where N stands for number of tumor cells at an percentage of patients tumors recur in local area. For instant of time t, which depends on the factors of example although modern treatments of breast cancer multiplication rate (r), apoptosis rate (a) and also on are quite effective, there is a percentage of patients in the number of differentiated tumor cells from the whom tumors will recur in the remaining breast main tumor cells. However for the main tumor cell tissue and the local area. Local chest wall recurrences compartment the factor of differentiation is a have been reported in 3 to 22 percent of cases. [2] subtractive term and equation (1) will be governed And this area cannot be treated easily by when there is a time delay in differentiation. For the conventional therapy since surgery may be subsequent tumor cells equation (1) will be governed problematic and chemotherapy may not show when the precursor cells are in the process of significant response. Since the area is likely to have differentiation and the moment differentiation is been irradiated before, large doses of radiation may being completed the state will be governed by the not be recommended. The only solution to this equation (2). Minor stochastic component has been problem is to elevate temperature of this affected incorporated to the system model equation to add a region (tumor). realistic flavor to the system model. Biological tissues are heated as a result of molecular excitation by the electromagnetic energy System simulation: the simulation study has been produced by the microwave treatment. The heat done using MATLAB. The simulation results are energy is dissipated in normal living tissues by blood given below. Less Differentiated Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics with only hyperthermia. (e) 'Tumor stem cell and Less Differentiated Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics with hyperthermia and MTD only hyperthermia. (f)Tumor stem cell and Less Differentiated Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics with hyperthermia and MCT. Simulation results of only two compartments having four types of tumor cells (ie, Fig 1 (a) sg, p1, p2, p3) are given here. Simulation results show a positive outcome with the application of microwave heating based therapy. Clinical trial and results: Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy for BPH (TUMT) - a treatment procedure for the treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) shows a positive outcome. [7] Observation of data collected from clinical trial shows that Prolieve Thermodilatation® Fig1 (b) System based on microwave heating offers a symptomatic relief for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).
Number Number Duration Percentage of
of of of improvements patients patients therapy In AUA treated showing symptom score ** positive outcome Fig1(c) 115 59 2 weeks >30% 92 68 12 >30% months
The prolieve System claims to provide patient comfort
during and after the procedure. It provides the following advantages over the other mode of therapy (a) Generally topical anesthesia only (b) 82% of patients go home without a catheter* Fig1 (d) (C) 99% of patients treated with the Prolieve System did not experience any form of erectile dysfunction following the treatment* * Results based on clinical trial, 140 patients treated. ** Total number of patients not including who discontinued Conclusion If a correct approach is made with a expert domain knowledge of physics, biology and Fig1 (e) physiology the perspectives of hyperthermia in oncology are very bright and promising. What we have in hand is a practically nontoxic effect with huge potential and advantages. However, we have to clarify the technical issues to make this method technically comparable, and provide for a control, which is safe enough in terms of modern medical demand. Proper selection of antenna radiator to target the actual tumor cell, proper control over the Fig1 (f) microwave power to maintain the temperature level Fig1 (a) Tumor stem cell and Less Differentiated Tumor required for the necrosis of the tumor cell, and Cell Growth Dynamics. (b) Tumor stem cell and Less development of a user friendly system for treatment Differentiated Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics with MTD. procedure may make the system clinically successful. (c) Tumor stem cell and Less Differentiated Tumor Cell Growth Dynamics with MCT. (d) Tumor stem cell and