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INDEX
1. What is INFRARED
2. How INFRARED Works ..
3. About Developer
4. Advantage of INFRARED .
5. Disadvantage of INFRARED ..
6. Use of INFRARED
7. Communication
8. IRDA ..
9. Conclusion








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What Is INFRARED?

Infrared light is invisible to the human eye.
Infrared light has longer wavelength than other visible light.
Infrared is a line-of-sight wireless technology that uses a beam of
In-visible light to transmit information or device communication
over short range.
Infrared light extends from the nominal red edge of the visible
spectrum at 700 nm to 1 mm.
Infrared radiation is popularly known as Heat radiation.
Earths Surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible
radiation from the sun and re-emit much of energy as infrared
back to atmosphere.
The discovery of radiation is ascribed to WILLIAM HERSCHEL.
Astronomers have found that infrared radiation is especially
useful when trying to probe areas of our universe that are
surrounded by clouds of gas and dust. Because of infrared's longer
wavelength, it can pass right through these clouds and reveal
details invisible by observing other types of radiation. Especially
interesting are areas were stars and planets are forming and the
cores of galaxies where it is believed huge black holes might
reside.
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ABOUT DEVELOPER
Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by astronomer William
Herschel.
He was born in 15 Nov. 1738 in Germany.
He discovered planet Uranus along with two of its major
moons Titania and Oberon and also discovered two moons
of Saturn.
He was the first person to discover the existence of infrared
radiation.
His interest in astronomy grew stronger after he made the
acquaintance of the English Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne.
He started building his own reflecting telescopes and would spend
up to 16 hours a day grinding and polishing the speculum
metal primary mirrors. He began to look at the planets and the
stars in May 1773.

Herschel's 40-foot telescope
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HOW DO INFRARED REMOTE WORKS?
An infrared remote control, or IR remote, uses pulses of light to
control electronics. The light pulses represent specific binary
codes that are set up to correspond to various commands on
electronic devices. Your TV, VCR or other device decodes the
binary command from its IR receiver. Once the binary information
is decoded, the device's microprocessor can use the information
to carry out the command it was told to perform.
To send and Receive infrared signals a device is used which
contain a small, dark windows called IR port (As shown in figure.)
Inside these ports, Transceivers send and receive data using the IR
frequency.

HOW DO INFRARED CAMERA WORKS?
Thermal infrared imagers are detector and lens combinations that give
a visual representation of infrared energy emitted by objects. Thermal
infrared images let you see heat and how it is distributed. A thermal
infrared camera detects infrared energy and converts it into an
electronic signal, which is then processed to produce a thermal image
and perform temperature calculations. Thermal imaging cameras have
lenses, just like visible light cameras. But in this case the lens focuses
waves from infrared energy onto an infrared sensor array. Thousands
of sensors on the array convert the infrared energy into electrical
signals, which are then converted into an image.
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ADVANTAGE OF INFRARED
The greatest advantages of infrared are being able to use your
own receiver with public transmitters (like in movie theatres) and
getting the best sound reproduction. Because of their superior
sound reproduction, they are often used movies, plays and
musical productions. They may not be the best system for
profound hearing losses as they lack the acoustic output
(loudness) of FM systems. On the other hand, they also present
less risk of injury.
Infrared systems are secure systems because the signal will not
leave the room. Thus, it is the system of choice for jury
deliberations and business meetings that need to protect
discussions (e.g., around development of new materials or
software) Because light does not transmit through walls, multiple
systems can be used within a building. With the exception of high
frequency lights and bright sunlight, there are few sources of
interference with infrared systems.





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DISADVANTAGE OF INFRARED
The receivers and transmitters must be in direct line of sight of
each other. This reduces the amount of flexibility you have in
movement within the room without interrupting the signal. Unlike
FM, you cannot cover the receiver or put it anywhere where the
direct line of sight will be blocked (like clipping it to your belt and
sitting in a class).
The range of transmission is quite short compared to wired
transmission. The performance will drop off if the distance to the
receiver is out of range for the infrared device.
The speed of transmission of data is slower in infrared.









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USE OF INFRARED
INFRARED technology is used in very much devices.
INFRARED light is used in Industrial, Scientific, Medical devices
such as: Remotes, Robots, Temperature, Telescopes,
Thermography Camera, Night-Vision Camera etc.



COMMUNICATION
Radio waves, microwaves, visible light and infrared can all be used
for communication. You should know some typical examples of
these, and associated hazards.

Visible light is the light we can see. It allows us to communicate
with one another through books, hand signals and video, for
example. The use of visible light needs the transmitter and
receiver to be in the line of sight. But it is more secure against
eavesdroppers than radio waves.


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IRDA
IRDA is Short form of Infrared Data Association.

The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) is an industry driven interest
group that was founded in 1993 by around 50 companies. IrDA
provides specifications for a complete set of protocols for wireless
infrared communications and the name "IrDA" also refers to that
set of protocols. The main reason for using IrDA had been wireless
data transfer over the last one meter using point and shoot
principles. Thus, it has been implemented in portable devices such
as mobile phones, laptops, cameras, printers, medical devices and
many more. Main characteristics of this kind of wireless optical
communication is physically secure data transfer, Line-of-Sight
and very low bit error rate that makes it very efficient.

A group of devices manufacturers that developed a standard for
transmitting data via infrared light waves.
Increasingly, computers and other devices (such as printers) come
with IrDA ports. This enables you to transfer data from one device
to another without any cables.
o For example, if both your laptop, computer and printer have
IrDA ports, you can simply put your computer in front of the
printer and output a document, without needing to connect
the two with a cable

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CONCLUSION
Lastly while putting my pen down I would like to conclude all regards to
those persons who helped me while making my project. While making
this project I have learned many things outside my syllabus. The topic I
got was one the best topic I would get i.e. INFRARED. I had got much
knowledge about this topic and glad making this project. Thank you all
for helping me in making this project. Lastly thanks to my faculty for
their supportive hands..