STATIC PRESSURE CALCULATION SHEET

Disclaimer!!
USE THIS AT YOUR OWN RISK! HIRE A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER to esi!"# s$eci%&# test# a" certi%& $er%orma"ce o% a"& 'st
collectio" s&stem i% &o' (a)e a commercial or a" i"'strial a$$licatio"# aller!ies# ot(er meical $ro*lems# $eo$le +or,i"! %or &o'# a
lar!e s(o$# +or, +it( (a-aro's materials# or are s'*.ect to re!'lator& o)ersi!(t/ Brian Sudy, Bill Pentz, American Air Filter, and all
other references and links cannot be held liable for this calculation's applicability to your specific situation.
WARNING# t(is is o"l& a" a$$ro0imatio"!
This information provides small shop oodorkers ith a better sense of hat they need to collect the ood dust in their shops. These
calculations are appro!imations based upon values from industrial fittin"s, pipes, and dust hoods hich may be si"nificantly different than hat
you may use. #oreover, these calculations also re$uire you to add in other knon lar"e losses such as those that occur ith the use of
separators %trashcan or cyclone& and filters. 'ersion () is a complete rerite of the previous version.
I"tro'ctio"1 *e built and shared this calculator because most small shop oodorkers don't realize ho much their duct size and layout
impacts dust collection. #ost ron"ly think of their dust collector as a hu"e shop vacuum, and that causes all kinds of problems. +nlike a shop
vacuum that can lift a column of ater ,-. or more, the bloers used in dust collection "enerate only a tiny fraction of that suction. Air at dust
collector bloer pressures ill barely compress at all, so almost any small pipe, bend, ye fittin", small port, restriction, or other obstruction ill
act /ust like a partially opened ater valve and kill our airflo. This leaves us ith to choices. *e can add horsepoer and a lar"er bloer
until e overcome all that resistance, or desi"n a system ith minimal resistance to permit us to use the smallest, most cost efficient bloer.
Tool 2oi%icatio"s1 To meet "overnment air $uality mandates that ent into effect in the late ei"hties, the ma/or suppliers of dust collection
e$uipment had to take a fresh look at dust collection. +ntil then, dust collection meant keepin" shop floors clear of the dust and chips that
ould otherise be sept up ith a broom. These firms found that to also ensure collectin" the fine airborne dust, they had to collect the dust
ri"ht at the source, meanin" at each tool as the dust as made. 0f they let the fine airborne dust escape into the air, it took hours for a "ood
e!haust fan or air cleaner to brin" the dust levels don lo enou"h to meet "overnment standards. They found that to keep the air streams
from our tool blades, bits, cutters, belts, motor fans, etc. from sprayin" this fine dust all over, they had to redo the dust collectin" desi"n of
almost every stationary tool. Almost all re$uired a ne hood, lar"er ports, internal ductin", and sometimes ne pannels. Small shop oners
must make similar chan"es to our tools if e ant "ood fine dust collection.
D'st Collectio" Air Flo+ Re3'ireme"ts1 The ma/or dust collection suppliers also did the testin" to determine hat as needed for "ood fine
dust collection. *e need enou"h airspeed to move the dust and enou"h air volume to carry the dust. Air en"ineers lon" a"o learned that it
takes an air speed of rou"hly ,1)) feet per minute %FP#& to move the chips and heavier sadust up vertical ductin". The fine airborne dust
only re$uired movin" about -) FP#, so no additional air speed as needed for "ood fine dust collection. #ost suspected the air volume ould
be small as ell, so e!istin" systems ould ork /ust fine. The testin" shoed a totally different story. 0f a tool as built from the "round up
ith "ood fine dust collection en"ineered in to protect and control the fine dust until it can be collected, a "ood shop vacuum that only moves -)
cubic feet per minute %2F#& provides "ood fine dust collection. +nfortunately, in our real orld, most small shop oners buy tools that have
little to no fine dust collection built in. 3ur lar"er tools are identical to the smaller commercial tools that air en"ineers found almost all need
their hoods and ports modifyied and then supplied ith ())) 2F# air volume to provide "ood fine dust collection.
At first it does not seem to make sense that it takes almost double the volume of air to collect fine dust %compared to collectin" chips& hen it
only takes a fraction as much airspeed to move it. *e already kno this is true if e think about usin" our shop vacuums. They only pick up
ri"ht ne!t to the inlet. This is because sucked air comes from all directions at once, causin" airspeed to decrease $uickly. A monster ()))
2F# dust collector bloer that moves 4))) FP# ri"ht ne!t to the inlet moves less than the -) FP# e need to overcome the room air currents
and collect the fine dust /ust a fe inches aay5 To keep commercial shops from bein" closed due to poor indoor air $uality, air en"ineers must
ensure they collect the fine dust at the source. To do so, they found e must nearly triple the total air volume %2F#& over hat it takes to /ust
collect sadust, plus must redo most machine hoods, ports, and internal ductin". Small shop oners must do the same if e ant "ood fine
dust collection. Althou"h 1)) 2F# ill provide minimum fine dust protection at most small shop tools, e really need to move a real ())) 2F#
at these same stationary tools to meet 6PA and medical recommended air $uality protection.
4asic S&stem Desi!"1
There are to practical ays to desi"n your 72 system in order to "et optimum results.
(& Commercial1 Size your ductin"872 for the total re$uirements of the entire shop ith NO 4LAST GATES. Air en"ineers desi"n commercial
dust collection systems ith all ductin" runs open at once to collect the dust from all machines runnin" at the same time. All ductork drops
are sized to provide the minimum 2F# re$uirements for each machine. The main becomes a collection of ever bi""er sized pipes sized to
meet the 2F# of all donstream ductork. The Air La+s sho us that to double the airflo e need three times the poer. 9ust a to person
shop runnin" a couple of runs at the same time re$uires a () hp motor turnin" a hu"e (1. diameter bloer impeller. #otors this bi" normally
only ork ith three:phase poer, re$uire commercial instead of residential incomin" poer, and re$uire much heavier irin" than found in
most residences.

;& Small S(o$1 #ost small shop oners cannot build dust collection systems similar to commercial systems because e lack the poer
service, irin", and don't ant to pay the cost to buy or run a hu"e motor. As a result, our s&stems are desi"ned to use the smaller, much
more efficient bloers that can o"l& collect %rom o"e mac(i"e at a time. All other ductin" runs are closed off ith blast "ates. This lets us
use a bloer /ust bi" enou"h to meet the airflo needed for fine dust collection at our lar"est machine usin" our hi"hest resistance ductin" run.
*e should size our ductin" and dust collector for the ma!imum 2F# re$uirements of our lar"est machine, and size the ductork for the lon"est
possible run. This ill allo only one machine at a time, but it lets you move machines around ithout needin" to buy a bi""er bloer and
motor.
2ai" D'ct1 0f you ant the most possible 2F#, you need the bi""est duct you can "et that keeps the air velocity ample to keep the dust
movin" instead of clo""in" your ductin". #ost small shop vendors sell 4. dust collection duct and fle! hose as their standard. This orks ell
to collect chips, but stran"les the airflo needed for "ood fine dust collection. A typical ; <P small shop dust collector ith a (;. diameter
impeller moves a ma!imum of about (;)) 2F#, but a 4. duct drops that airflo to only about 4-) 2F#. 0t takes a 4 <P motor turnin" an (=.
diameter impeller to force a 4. duct to carry 1)) 2F# and an (1. diameter impeller turned by a - hp motor to produce the ())) 2F# e need.
The result is too noisy to use. #ost prefer a less e!pensive solution. 0n addition to maintainin" that airflo, our bloers must keep the duct
airspeed hi"h enou"h so e don't "et plu""in" or piles of ood dust. 7ust piles in ducts pose a fire hazard and ruin both bloers and filters
hen they break loose and "o slammin" around. Air en"ineers found desi"nin" for a duct speed of 4))) FP# keeps the ductin" clear.
Because FP# > 2F# 8 duct area, a little math shos e need =. diameter ductin" to move 1)) 2F# at 4))) FP#. #ost small shops need all
=. hoods, =. main ductin" lines, and =. don drops.
Do+" Dro$s1 2ommercial dust collection systems size each don drop to carry /ust the air needed for "ood collection for each specific tool.
They also use many different sized ductin" runs for the mains to keep the airspeed ample to avoid plu""in" and piles. This ends up bein" so
comple! that most ductin" en"ineers use commercial pro"rams to compute all the ductin" sizes, parts, etc. Sadly, a number of firms no offer
similar services to small shop users that use these same commercial pro"rams. The results are a ni"htmare because any time e use a don
drop smaller than our main in a one ductin" run open at a time small shop system, the small don drop stran"les our needed airflo. A 4.
don drop connected to a =. main looks pretty and appears to ork ell, but drops the main airspeed to under ;-)) FP#, immediately buildin"
up dan"erous dust piles that can "ro hu"e. These piles pose a serious fire hazard, and hen the airflo "ets restored, these piles break
loose and slam into thin"s, potentially ruinin" motor bearin"s, impellers, and your filters.
4last Gates1 ?ormally e put a blast "ate as close as e can to the main for each machine to leave the least possible pipe to build up piles
hen their runs are not open. Puttin" the blast "ate don lo lets lots of debris build up in the pipe. *hen the "ate "ets opened, this material
can slam around, potentially ruinin" bloers and especially filters.
Ass'm$tio"s# comme"ts# a" "otes1
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4
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I"str'ctio"s1 READ THE E5A2PLE PRO4LE2! THIS IS RE6UIRED!!!
Ret'r" D'ct1 0f there ill be return duct movin" the cleaned air back inside your shop from an outside cyclone, it only needs to provide ;)))
FP# speed. To determine that return duct size, simply select the size to run at ;))) FP# or less ith your ma! 2F# machine. @eave it in
each branch calc. The same applies hen sizin" the return for a cyclone or muffler.
Tool Ports1 0t takes one =. port to support the 1)) 2F# and a A. port to support the ())) 2F# re$uired for "ood fine dust collection at most
lar"er stationary small shop tools. 0 "et around this by usin" an oversized bloer hich permits a =. duct to carry more than our needed ()))
2F#. For machines ith to pickups, small shop users should "enerally use a ye that splits their =. ductin" into to runs. The smaller should
use ,.-. diameter ductin" and port. The lar"er should use -. ductin" connected to a -. port. This combination maintains the same area as the
=. main to prevent airflo restrictions, plu""in", dust piles, and poor dust collection. Benerally, e have to modify our small shop tools to add
the ,.-., -., and =. ports. 7ust collectors do not have enou"h pressure to provide "ood fine dust collection for tools that cannot be modified to
have ports e$uivalent to a =. diameter duct. Tools ith ,. and smaller ports re$uire use of a shop vacuum that "enerates at least =). of
pressure to force the air collection needed, plus often a movable hood and dondraft table.
Resista"ce Calc'latio"1 Small shop oners only use one ductin" run open at a time, so e size our systems based upon hat it takes to
poer our lar"est need. Cnoin" that most ill move their machines around over time, it is best to fi"ure hat it takes to poer our lar"est
machine overhead usin" our lon"est ductin" run. The lon"er the hose and the more bends and fittin"s e use in our ductin" runs and machine
collection, the hi"her the pressure drop and bi""er the bloer it ill take. Small shop oners should calculate the the resistance of the tool ith
the most hoods and ductin" overhead, add to that the resistance of all the pipe and fittin"s in the lon"est ductin" run, and then add the other
overhead resistance includin" cyclone, muffler, and filters. That total resistance "ives the orst pressure drop in our system. *e use that total
orst case resistance ith a standard en"ineerin" fan table to size our bloer motor and impeller diameter. This simple resistance calculator
helps you ork throu"h hat you need for your on shop.
The system is made of ,.-., 4., -., =., A. or 1. standard "alvanized metal dust collection ductin". Not(i"! smaller t(a" 7/89
'ct +ill *e 'se a"&+(ere because e kno that ould kill the airflo needed from our bloer for fine dust collection.
The 1., ()., and (;. losses are for furnace pipe used on the RETURN LINE ONLY/
7uct size should remain constant from the tool to the dust collector. 0t should NE:ER !et smaller as it "ets closer to the dust
collector. 0t is usually okay if the pipe "ets one size bi""er.
The hood loss is a combination of the pipe entry loss %either ).- D 'P or ).)A D P& from the 2incinnati Fan Booklet, and an
appro!imation of the loss %- D P& due to a ell:desi"ned tool. The impact from the tool can vary idely. 0f the tool is /ust on open:
ended dust seep or open:mouthed dust hood, then the %- D P& term could theoretically be set to zero, leavin" /ust the pipe entry
loss. 3n the other hand, if you are hookin" up, for e!ample, to a table sa cabinet hose only openin" is the clearance around
the blade in the throat plate, you ould starve the cyclone and have almost no flo. 0t is important to ensure that there are
sufficient openin"s in the tool to provide a flo path for the air. 0deally, the area of the openin"%s& should add up to at least the
area of the hose connectin" to the tool.
T<0S S<66T *0@@ T6@@ E3+ *<AT T<6 @3SS6S AF6G 0T *0@@ ?3T T6@@ E3+ *<AT 0S F6AS3?AB@6555 For e!ample, if
you input ()))) 2F#, the 4. velocity "oes to ((4-H; FP#, hich is (,); #P<. The hood entry alone in a 4. branch "oes to
=,A. ater, hich is about ;, PS0.
The total area of the duct8hose belo the blast "ate should rou"hly e$ual the area of the main duct. +se of a smaller duct or
hose can increase the overall resistance three:fold or more. Yo' s(o'l "ot !o %rom a ;9 (oo or $ort to a <9 'ct! Yo' +ill
(a)e a m'c( *etter s&stem i% &o' ca" i"stall <9 $orts o" &o'r tools/
2lick here to see the 2F# Fe$uirements Table
Fun the calculation for only your lon"est, most comple! branch from the hood to the collector.
0nput ( for the number of hoods under the correct duct diameter column for the type of hood you have %s$uare or round8taper ed"e&.
S$uare ed"e Found ed"e
6nter the number of pipe H)'s. 2ount ).- for each 4- de"ree bend and (.) for each full H).
F87 is the ratio of the bend's centerline radius divided by the pipe diameter.
Eou are not limited to one type, but can enter a mi! of different radius bends.
6nter the number of yes.
6nter the number of feet of strai"ht pipe.
6nter the number of fle! H)'s. This is an estimate of ho much your fle! hose is bent. 0f it "oes strai"ht to the tool, enter zero.
6nter the number of feet of fle! hose.
A return line can be added in to each run. 0t ill be included in the total drop. See the sample problem.
E0am$le
From the 2F# Fe$uirements Table in the link above, input the 2F# Fe$uired for our lar"est tool %normally ())) to meet
recommended air $uality&. 0nput the tar"et air velocity in FP# for your ductin". The air speed needs to convey hatever material
you ant to move. For e!ample, e need about ;))) FP# to carry clean air but need about 4))) FP# to carry sadust and
chips ithout plu""in" vertical runs. This immediately calculates the most efficient optimum duct diameter. +sin" smaller duct
ill kill our needed total air volume unless e use an oversized impeller to increase pressure and air velocity, e.". e need -)))
FP# to move ())) 2F# throu"h =. duct.
For starters, it is useful to have a sketched layout of your shop, ith the tools in place, and the centerlines of all the ducts run. 0deally e ant
to create the shortest runs, ith the least number of bends and ith the ri"ht sized ductin". Practically, because e$uipment ill chan"e and
move around, e need to create a system that is fle!ible and ill permit chan"es. The best compromise is centerin" the dust collector as much
as possible then runnin" either a center main or a pair of mains on opposite alls. 0n this e!ample, e have a ;) ! ;) foot shop. Poer
concerns forced us to put the cyclone centered on the east all and run an (1' lon" duct don the center of the shop. By placin" our cyclone
ri"ht at the end of this duct run, e used a pair of 4- de"ree elbos and (.-' of =. fle! hose to connect the cyclone to the main. The fle! hose
helps control noise by not alloin" our ductin" to serve as a soundin" board, plus it makes our connection easier.
,.- H.=; ,4)
4 (;.-A 444
- (H.=, =H4
= ;1.;A ()))
0n this e!ample shop, neither the planer run nor the radial arm sa run is ample to size our system. The ductin" run to our planer is the lon"est
possible for this shop and our radial arm sa has the most overhead. The planer overhead is small because it uses a simple sin"le =. port.
The radial arm sa needs both a seep up hood plus fle! hose blade "uard pickup hood. Fi!'ri"! o't t(e ma0im'm %or a"& s(o$ re3'ires
%i"i"! &o'r lar!est resista"ce tool ="ormall& t(e o"e +it( t(e most (oos a" t(e most small (oses># calc'lati"! t(e resista"ce %or
t(e lo"!est r'"# t(e" ai"! t(e resista"ce %or t(e tool +it( t(e (i!(est 'cti"! resista"ce $l's t(e o)er(ea o% &o'r se$arator#
c&clo"e# a" %ilters/
Raial Arm Sa+ D'cti"! Si-e1 The 2F# Fe$uirements Table shos our FAS needs AH) 2F#. *e ill round it up to 1)) 2F#. For our FAS,
and many other tools such as table sa, band sa, etc., e end up splittin" the don drop into to collection pipes. *e picked the FAS for
this e!ample because it has one of the hi"hest ductin" overheads of any small shop tool. For the FAS, e have a pick up hood that sits behind
the blade and a smaller fle! hose that attaches to the blade "uard. To keep from killin" airflo by restrictin" the area of ductin", the area of
these to ducts must be very close to the same area as our =. diameter don drop duct, rou"hly ;1 (84 s$uare inches. The folloin" table
shos ductin" areas, so you can pick a combination of offshoots that come close to the same area as the main. *e could split our =. main into
a -. and a ,.-. because addin" the areas of the -. and ,.-. ducts almost e!actly e$uals the area of the =. duct. Practically speakin", "oin"
ith -. and 4. is often easier because ,.-. fle! hose is so difficult to find. For this duct to ork ith our machines, e also often have to chan"e
out the ori"inal machine chip collection ports because they are too small. For our FAS, this re$uires makin" a ,.-. port on the blade "uard and
a -. back connection on the rear pickup hood.
D'ct Si-e
I"c(es
D'ct Area
S3'are I"c(es
CF2 Starti"!
+it( <9 $i$e
at ?@@@ CF2
E)e" +it( t(e ri!(t si-i"!# 'al $ort mac(i"es ma& still "ee %'rt(er a.'stme"t to ,ee$ a lar!er 'ct %rom steali"! all t(e %lo+ %rom a
smaller 'ct! Any size variation, constriction in the tool, and even resistance of the different hoses ill si"nificantly alter ho much air "oes to
each collection point. Proper balancin" can re$uire use of a ye ith a baffle to direct the airflo and dual "au"es to ensure ample airflo to
both le"s.
From the above FAS ductin" picture taken from the ductin" hoods eb pa"es, you see a =. main "oin" into a ye that splits off a -. hose for
the rear seep up hood and a ,.-. hose for the blade "uard. The FAS hood turns up the all ith a H) de"ree bend %;.- F87&, "oes ,' up the
all, and enters the ye. The ,.-. fle! hose is -' lon" and enters the other le" of the ye after bendin" about H) de"rees. *e then "o up from
the ye ith -' of =. strai"ht pipe and connect to the main ith a =. H) de"ree bend %;.- F87&.
Hi!(est Resista"ce Tool1 Fi"urin" out the pressure loss hen the flo splits takes some trial and error. *e have a total flo rate of ()))
2F#, but it has to be split beteen the ,.-. hose and the -. duct such that the sum of the to flos e$uals ())) 2F#, and the pressure loss is
the same. 0t mi"ht be easier to open to indos of the spreadsheet that are side by side. 0n the first indo, in the ,.-. column, enter (
round ed"e hood, ( fle! H) bend, and -' of fle! hose. 0n the second indo, in the -. column, enter ( round ed"e hood, ( H) de"ree bend %;.-
F87&, and ,' of pipe. ?o try to find a florate for each indo here the to of them add up to ())) 2F#, and that results in the same Total
@oss. 6ventually you ill find the folloin". 0f you enter ;)1 2F# Fe$uired for the ,.-. duct, you "et (.-=. of loss. 0f ;)1 2F# is floin" thru
the ,.-. hose, then AH; 2F# is left for the -. duct. 6nter AH; 2F# Fe$uired for the -. duct, and you "et about the same loss, (.-=.. *e are
no done ith those to indos. Startin" ith a blank spreadsheet, enter ())) 2F# Fe$uired. 0n the =. column, enter ( H) de"ree bend
%;.- F87& and -' of strai"ht duct. The Total @oss for the =. se"ment is ).A=.. The sum of (.-=. and ).A=., hich is ;.,;., is the total loss
beteen the FAS and the main duct. ?ote that the H) de"ree bend in the ,.-. hose is really killin" the air flo, and causin" more flo to "o
thru the -. duct than e ould like. Also, the spreadsheet reports the 2alculated 'elocity as @3* %,((, FP#& for the ,.-. hose. Steppin" up
to a 4. hose ould probably help, but e're "oin" to press on and keep the ,.-. hose.
Lo"!est 2ai" D'ct R'"1 3ur drain" shos the lon"est run starts at the cyclone ith (.-' of =. fle! hose, a pair of 4- de"ree =. bends %;.)
F87&, and (1' of =. duct. *e ill calculate up to, but not includin", the H) de"ree bend that drops don to the planer. Startin" ith a blank
spreadsheet, enter ())) 2F# Fe$uired. 0n the =. column, enter ( H) de"ree bend %;.) F87& to account for to 4- de"ree bends, (1' of strai"ht
duct, and (.-' of fle! hose. The main duct Total @oss is ;.),..
O)er(ea1 Ceepin" the data e /ust did for the main duct run, e no add the #isc @osses and 3verhead @osses. 0n the #isc @osses section,
enter ;.;-. for a Pentz cyclone, ).-. for under ;;- s$uare feet of filter, and ).(-. for the muffler that sits beteen the bloer and filters. 0n the
3verhead @osses section, enter ;.). as a typical value. The spreadsheet should no be shoin" =.H,. for the Total @oss. #anually addin" the
;.,;. from the <i"hest Fesistance Tool section above "ives a "rand total of H.;-. pressure loss that our dust collector has to provide ())) 2F#
at.
Small S(o$ Sol'tio"1 Fan tables like the one belo let us use our ())) 2F# and H.;-. pressure re$uirement to pick the minimum sized
bloer e need. The table belo shos our (). of resistance %rounded up from H.;-.& re$uires ,.)4 <P ith a (4. diameter impeller to "et at
least ())) 2F# %the table shos ()(4 2F#&. 0t mi"ht seem like a , <P 72 ould be a "ood choice for this shop. Fememberin" that e
calculated the pressure loss for the orst case duct run, look hat happens as you hook up a tool that's closer to the 72, resultin" in a
pressure loss of only =. for e!ample. 0n the table belo, move to the left until you "et in the =. column. The table shos the fan ill no be
movin" (,,- 2F#, and ill re$uire ,.14 <P. This is hy 0 say almost all a)era!e small s(o$s +ill *'r" '$ A HP# a" e)e" 7 HP# motors
'"less t(e air%lo+ is restricte to *elo+ o'r "eee ?@@@ CF2/ #any small shop cyclone vendors offer A. mains poered by ; and , <P
motors. These motors can burn up $uickly unless e kill our airflo to ell under ())) 2F#. Althou"h a nice advertisin" ploy shos very hi"h
2F# ma!imum numbers, you need to ask the vendor ho much poer the motor as drain" to "et that hi"h number, and compare the poer
needs to the motor they are sellin" you. A far smarter solution that moves more air and provides better separation is to use a real - <P motor
ith a custom made (-. impeller, e!actly as recommended for my cyclone desi"n.
2F# Fe$uiredI ?@@@ Tar"et Air 'elocity A@@@
3ptimum 7uct 7iameter H.-A
#a!imum 'ertical 7uct 7iameter *ithout Plu""in" =.H-
#a!imum <orizontal 7uct 7iameter *ithout Piles and Fire Fisk 1.)H
D'cti"!1
7uct 7iameter, 0nches 7/8 ; 8 < B
2alculated 'elocity, FP# (4H=A ((4-H A,,4 -)H, ,A4;
2alculated 'elocity is 3C 3C 3C 3C @3*
<ood %s$uare ed"e&I
<ood %round8taper ed"e&I (
H)'s %(.- F87&I
H)'s %;.) F87&I (.-
H)'s %;.- F87&I
*yesI (
Feet of Strai"ht 7uctI ;,
Fle! H)'sI (
Feet of Fle! <oseI ;
6nter 4- de"ree elbos as ).- H)'s %e."., to H)'s and one 4- ould be entered as ;.-&
Commercial Sol'tio"1 0f e ere buildin" a commercial system, e ould add up the 2F# re$uirements for every machine, and that total
ould tell us ho many 2F# our bloer ould need to produce. *e ould likeise total and avera"e the resistance of every ductin" run to tell
us ho much resistance our bloer ould have to overcome. For this simple to machine shop, the total comes out to ;))) 2F# at (-. of
resistance. This re$uirement "oes ri"ht off our small shop fan table scale and puts us into a commercial table. This situation ould probably
re$uire a () <P motor turnin" a (=.-. diameter impeller to provide concurrent fine dust collection on these to tools at once.
2isc Losses1
Trashcan Separator 6nter 4.-. if used
2yclone ;.;- 6nter 4.-. for *ood #a". J similar, ,.-. ith neutral vane, ,.). ith air ramp, and ;.;-. for Pentz cyclone
Filters ).-
#uffler ).(- #uffler > ).(-.
0f you are lookin" at a cyclone 72 hose fan curve says somethin" like .Static Pressure at 2yclone 0nlet., then
the four #isc @osses above are already accounted for and should be left blank or set to zero.
O)er(ea Losses1
; This includes filter seasonin" and other overhead resistance typical for a small shop.
T3TA@ @3SSI C/D< i"c(es WC ?oteI 0f SP is over (;. you probably need to use a bi""er diameter pipe5
SU4TOTAL LOSSES1 ,.-. diameter 4. diameter -. diameter =. diameter A. 7iameter
<ood %s$uare ed"e&I ).)) ).)) ).)) ).)) ).))
<ood %round8taper ed"e&I ).)) ).)) ).)) ).4- ).))
H)'s %(.- F87&I ).)) ).)) ).)) ).)) ).))
H)'s %;.) F87&I ).)) ).)) ).)) ).A- ).))
H)'s %;.- F87&I ).)) ).)) ).)) ).)) ).))
*yesI ).)) ).)) ).)) ).-; ).))
7uctI ).)) ).)) ).)) (.-= ).))
Fle! H)sI ).)) ).)) ).)) (.;A ).))
Fle! <oseI ).)) ).)) ).)) ).4( ).))
Subtotal lossesI ).)) ).)) ).)) 4.H= ).))
Std. Ba" > ;.-., K - #icron Ba"s > (., ;;- s$ ft filter > ).-., ,)) s$ ft filter > ).,.,
4-) s$ ft filter > ).;-., =)) s$ ft filter > ).;.
!!! WARNING !!!
73 ?3T 2<A?B6 A?E 3F T<6 26@@S B6@3* T<0S P30?T
7iameter ,.- 4 - = A
<ood %s$uare ed"e& (;.)=(; =.=H() ;.-;4) (.(4AH ).-H;H
<ood %round8taper ed"e& =.)--H ,.(A)1 (.)1;; ).4-;- ).;(A=
H) %(.- F87& -.=AA- ,.41=; (.-(=H ).A-H4 ).4;)4
H) %;.) F87& ,.44,( ;.(A(A ).HA=, ).4H1( ).;AH;
H) %;.- F87& ,.;4-) (.HA4, ).14H( ).4;;( ).;,;=
*ye ,.114H ;.,1HH (.)4;4 ).-;;= ).;1H-
7uct (.)(-A ).-(H- ).(=H- ).)=AH ).),(,
Fle! H) H.A,-( -.H;;H ;.-4A4 (.;==4 ).=HAA
Fle! <ose ,.)4A) (.--1= ).-)1- ).;),= ).)H,H
'P (,.H=-H 1.(1=- ,.,-,; (.=(A( ).1A;H
<ood %s$uare ed"e& = 0.5 * VP + 5 * P
where
0.5 * P is the entry loss for a flanged pipe from the Cincinnati Fan Booklet
5 * P is an approimation of the loss in the tool
<ood %round8taper ed"e& = 0.0! * VP + "".5 * P #entry loss for a flanged cone + 5 * P$
where
0.0! * P is the entry loss for a flanged cone from the Cincinnati Fan Booklet
5 * P is an approimation of the loss in the tool
H) %(.- F87& = P * #%.%& * d ' %.%5$ Cincinnati Fan Booklet
H) %;.) F87& = P * #".5( * d ' %."&$ Cincinnati Fan Booklet
H) %;.- F87& = P * #".%" * d ' ".0&$ Cincinnati Fan Booklet
T<0S 0?F3F#AT03? 0S B60?B #A76 A'A0@AB@6 S3 T<AT E3+ 2A? S66 <3* T<6 SPF6A7S<66T 0S 2A@2+@AT0?B 0TS
0?F3F#AT03? A?7 T3 B0'6 E3+ A? 3PP3FT+?0TE T3 2<62C 3+F *3FC. A770T03?A@ 0?F3F#AT03? 0S A@S3 3? S<66T;.
0F E3+ F0?7 S3#6T<0?B T<AT E3+ T<0?C 0S *F3?B, P@6AS6 73?'T <6S0TAT6 T3 @6T +S C?3*.
*ye = P * #".55 * d ' ".)$ Cincinnati Fan Booklet
7uct
where
P = press*re loss #inches of water + "00 ft of d*ct$
d = d*ct diameter #inches$
, = air -ol*me flow #CF.$
Fle! H) = / * P * #".%" * d ' ".0&$ 0ss*me a fle 10 is similar to a pipe 10 with a %.5 2+3
Fle! <ose = / * P 0ir 4andling 5ystems Booklet from www.airhand.com
P

= #0."01"/) * ,
".1
$ + d
5.0%
http6++www.engineeringtool7o.com+d*ct'friction'press*re'loss'd8&&&.html
STATIC PRESSURE CALCULATION SHEET
Au"ust ,(, ;)(4
B. Sudy 8 B. Pentz
'ersion (( :: -8(,8(4
USE THIS AT YOUR OWN RISK! HIRE A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER to esi!"# s$eci%&# test# a" certi%& $er%orma"ce o% a"& 'st
collectio" s&stem i% &o' (a)e a commercial or a" i"'strial a$$licatio"# aller!ies# ot(er meical $ro*lems# $eo$le +or,i"! %or &o'# a
lar!e s(o$# +or, +it( (a-aro's materials# or are s'*.ect to re!'lator& o)ersi!(t/ Brian Sudy, Bill Pentz, American Air Filter, and all
other references and links cannot be held liable for this calculation's applicability to your specific situation.
This information provides small shop oodorkers ith a better sense of hat they need to collect the ood dust in their shops. These
calculations are appro!imations based upon values from industrial fittin"s, pipes, and dust hoods hich may be si"nificantly different than hat
you may use. #oreover, these calculations also re$uire you to add in other knon lar"e losses such as those that occur ith the use of
separators %trashcan or cyclone& and filters. 'ersion () is a complete rerite of the previous version.
*e built and shared this calculator because most small shop oodorkers don't realize ho much their duct size and layout
impacts dust collection. #ost ron"ly think of their dust collector as a hu"e shop vacuum, and that causes all kinds of problems. +nlike a shop
vacuum that can lift a column of ater ,-. or more, the bloers used in dust collection "enerate only a tiny fraction of that suction. Air at dust
collector bloer pressures ill barely compress at all, so almost any small pipe, bend, ye fittin", small port, restriction, or other obstruction ill
act /ust like a partially opened ater valve and kill our airflo. This leaves us ith to choices. *e can add horsepoer and a lar"er bloer
until e overcome all that resistance, or desi"n a system ith minimal resistance to permit us to use the smallest, most cost efficient bloer.
To meet "overnment air $uality mandates that ent into effect in the late ei"hties, the ma/or suppliers of dust collection
e$uipment had to take a fresh look at dust collection. +ntil then, dust collection meant keepin" shop floors clear of the dust and chips that
ould otherise be sept up ith a broom. These firms found that to also ensure collectin" the fine airborne dust, they had to collect the dust
ri"ht at the source, meanin" at each tool as the dust as made. 0f they let the fine airborne dust escape into the air, it took hours for a "ood
e!haust fan or air cleaner to brin" the dust levels don lo enou"h to meet "overnment standards. They found that to keep the air streams
from our tool blades, bits, cutters, belts, motor fans, etc. from sprayin" this fine dust all over, they had to redo the dust collectin" desi"n of
almost every stationary tool. Almost all re$uired a ne hood, lar"er ports, internal ductin", and sometimes ne pannels. Small shop oners
The ma/or dust collection suppliers also did the testin" to determine hat as needed for "ood fine
dust collection. *e need enou"h airspeed to move the dust and enou"h air volume to carry the dust. Air en"ineers lon" a"o learned that it
takes an air speed of rou"hly ,1)) feet per minute %FP#& to move the chips and heavier sadust up vertical ductin". The fine airborne dust
only re$uired movin" about -) FP#, so no additional air speed as needed for "ood fine dust collection. #ost suspected the air volume ould
be small as ell, so e!istin" systems ould ork /ust fine. The testin" shoed a totally different story. 0f a tool as built from the "round up
ith "ood fine dust collection en"ineered in to protect and control the fine dust until it can be collected, a "ood shop vacuum that only moves -)
cubic feet per minute %2F#& provides "ood fine dust collection. +nfortunately, in our real orld, most small shop oners buy tools that have
little to no fine dust collection built in. 3ur lar"er tools are identical to the smaller commercial tools that air en"ineers found almost all need
their hoods and ports modifyied and then supplied ith ())) 2F# air volume to provide "ood fine dust collection.
At first it does not seem to make sense that it takes almost double the volume of air to collect fine dust %compared to collectin" chips& hen it
only takes a fraction as much airspeed to move it. *e already kno this is true if e think about usin" our shop vacuums. They only pick up
ri"ht ne!t to the inlet. This is because sucked air comes from all directions at once, causin" airspeed to decrease $uickly. A monster ()))
2F# dust collector bloer that moves 4))) FP# ri"ht ne!t to the inlet moves less than the -) FP# e need to overcome the room air currents
and collect the fine dust /ust a fe inches aay5 To keep commercial shops from bein" closed due to poor indoor air $uality, air en"ineers must
ensure they collect the fine dust at the source. To do so, they found e must nearly triple the total air volume %2F#& over hat it takes to /ust
collect sadust, plus must redo most machine hoods, ports, and internal ductin". Small shop oners must do the same if e ant "ood fine
dust collection. Althou"h 1)) 2F# ill provide minimum fine dust protection at most small shop tools, e really need to move a real ())) 2F#
at these same stationary tools to meet 6PA and medical recommended air $uality protection.
NO 4LAST GATES. Air en"ineers desi"n commercial
dust collection systems ith all ductin" runs open at once to collect the dust from all machines runnin" at the same time. All ductork drops
are sized to provide the minimum 2F# re$uirements for each machine. The main becomes a collection of ever bi""er sized pipes sized to
sho us that to double the airflo e need three times the poer. 9ust a to person
shop runnin" a couple of runs at the same time re$uires a () hp motor turnin" a hu"e (1. diameter bloer impeller. #otors this bi" normally
only ork ith three:phase poer, re$uire commercial instead of residential incomin" poer, and re$uire much heavier irin" than found in
#ost small shop oners cannot build dust collection systems similar to commercial systems because e lack the poer
service, irin", and don't ant to pay the cost to buy or run a hu"e motor. As a result, our s&stems are desi"ned to use the smaller, much
. All other ductin" runs are closed off ith blast "ates. This lets us
use a bloer /ust bi" enou"h to meet the airflo needed for fine dust collection at our lar"est machine usin" our hi"hest resistance ductin" run.
*e should size our ductin" and dust collector for the ma!imum 2F# re$uirements of our lar"est machine, and size the ductork for the lon"est
possible run. This ill allo only one machine at a time, but it lets you move machines around ithout needin" to buy a bi""er bloer and
0f you ant the most possible 2F#, you need the bi""est duct you can "et that keeps the air velocity ample to keep the dust
movin" instead of clo""in" your ductin". #ost small shop vendors sell 4. dust collection duct and fle! hose as their standard. This orks ell
to collect chips, but stran"les the airflo needed for "ood fine dust collection. A typical ; <P small shop dust collector ith a (;. diameter
impeller moves a ma!imum of about (;)) 2F#, but a 4. duct drops that airflo to only about 4-) 2F#. 0t takes a 4 <P motor turnin" an (=.
diameter impeller to force a 4. duct to carry 1)) 2F# and an (1. diameter impeller turned by a - hp motor to produce the ())) 2F# e need.
The result is too noisy to use. #ost prefer a less e!pensive solution. 0n addition to maintainin" that airflo, our bloers must keep the duct
7ust piles in ducts pose a fire hazard and ruin both bloers and filters
Air en"ineers found desi"nin" for a duct speed of 4))) FP# keeps the ductin" clear.
Because FP# > 2F# 8 duct area, a little math shos e need =. diameter ductin" to move 1)) 2F# at 4))) FP#. #ost small shops need all
2ommercial dust collection systems size each don drop to carry /ust the air needed for "ood collection for each specific tool.
They also use many different sized ductin" runs for the mains to keep the airspeed ample to avoid plu""in" and piles. This ends up bein" so
comple! that most ductin" en"ineers use commercial pro"rams to compute all the ductin" sizes, parts, etc. Sadly, a number of firms no offer
similar services to small shop users that use these same commercial pro"rams. The results are a ni"htmare because any time e use a don
drop smaller than our main in a one ductin" run open at a time small shop system, the small don drop stran"les our needed airflo. A 4.
don drop connected to a =. main looks pretty and appears to ork ell, but drops the main airspeed to under ;-)) FP#, immediately buildin"
up dan"erous dust piles that can "ro hu"e. These piles pose a serious fire hazard, and hen the airflo "ets restored, these piles break
loose and slam into thin"s, potentially ruinin" motor bearin"s, impellers, and your filters.
?ormally e put a blast "ate as close as e can to the main for each machine to leave the least possible pipe to build up piles
hen their runs are not open. Puttin" the blast "ate don lo lets lots of debris build up in the pipe. *hen the "ate "ets opened, this material
0f there ill be return duct movin" the cleaned air back inside your shop from an outside cyclone, it only needs to provide ;)))
FP# speed. To determine that return duct size, simply select the size to run at ;))) FP# or less ith your ma! 2F# machine. @eave it in
0t takes one =. port to support the 1)) 2F# and a A. port to support the ())) 2F# re$uired for "ood fine dust collection at most
lar"er stationary small shop tools. 0 "et around this by usin" an oversized bloer hich permits a =. duct to carry more than our needed ()))
2F#. For machines ith to pickups, small shop users should "enerally use a ye that splits their =. ductin" into to runs. The smaller should
use ,.-. diameter ductin" and port. The lar"er should use -. ductin" connected to a -. port. This combination maintains the same area as the
=. main to prevent airflo restrictions, plu""in", dust piles, and poor dust collection. Benerally, e have to modify our small shop tools to add
the ,.-., -., and =. ports. 7ust collectors do not have enou"h pressure to provide "ood fine dust collection for tools that cannot be modified to
have ports e$uivalent to a =. diameter duct. Tools ith ,. and smaller ports re$uire use of a shop vacuum that "enerates at least =). of
pressure to force the air collection needed, plus often a movable hood and dondraft table.
Small shop oners only use one ductin" run open at a time, so e size our systems based upon hat it takes to
poer our lar"est need. Cnoin" that most ill move their machines around over time, it is best to fi"ure hat it takes to poer our lar"est
machine overhead usin" our lon"est ductin" run. The lon"er the hose and the more bends and fittin"s e use in our ductin" runs and machine
collection, the hi"her the pressure drop and bi""er the bloer it ill take. Small shop oners should calculate the the resistance of the tool ith
the most hoods and ductin" overhead, add to that the resistance of all the pipe and fittin"s in the lon"est ductin" run, and then add the other
overhead resistance includin" cyclone, muffler, and filters. That total resistance "ives the orst pressure drop in our system. *e use that total
orst case resistance ith a standard en"ineerin" fan table to size our bloer motor and impeller diameter. This simple resistance calculator
The system is made of ,.-., 4., -., =., A. or 1. standard "alvanized metal dust collection ductin". Not(i"! smaller t(a" 7/89
because e kno that ould kill the airflo needed from our bloer for fine dust collection.
RETURN LINE ONLY/
7uct size should remain constant from the tool to the dust collector. 0t should NE:ER !et smaller as it "ets closer to the dust
The hood loss is a combination of the pipe entry loss %either ).- D 'P or ).)A D P& from the 2incinnati Fan Booklet, and an
appro!imation of the loss %- D P& due to a ell:desi"ned tool. The impact from the tool can vary idely. 0f the tool is /ust on open:
ended dust seep or open:mouthed dust hood, then the %- D P& term could theoretically be set to zero, leavin" /ust the pipe entry
loss. 3n the other hand, if you are hookin" up, for e!ample, to a table sa cabinet hose only openin" is the clearance around
the blade in the throat plate, you ould starve the cyclone and have almost no flo. 0t is important to ensure that there are
sufficient openin"s in the tool to provide a flo path for the air. 0deally, the area of the openin"%s& should add up to at least the
T<0S S<66T *0@@ T6@@ E3+ *<AT T<6 @3SS6S AF6G 0T *0@@ ?3T T6@@ E3+ *<AT 0S F6AS3?AB@6555 For e!ample, if
you input ()))) 2F#, the 4. velocity "oes to ((4-H; FP#, hich is (,); #P<. The hood entry alone in a 4. branch "oes to
The total area of the duct8hose belo the blast "ate should rou"hly e$ual the area of the main duct. +se of a smaller duct or
Yo' s(o'l "ot !o %rom a ;9 (oo or $ort to a <9 'ct! Yo' +ill
Fun the calculation for only your lon"est, most comple! branch from the hood to the collector.
0nput ( for the number of hoods under the correct duct diameter column for the type of hood you have %s$uare or round8taper ed"e&.
Taper ed"e
6nter the number of pipe H)'s. 2ount ).- for each 4- de"ree bend and (.) for each full H).
6nter the number of yes.
6nter the number of feet of strai"ht pipe.
6nter the number of fle! H)'s. This is an estimate of ho much your fle! hose is bent. 0f it "oes strai"ht to the tool, enter zero.
A return line can be added in to each run. 0t ill be included in the total drop. See the sample problem.
E0am$le
From the 2F# Fe$uirements Table in the link above, input the 2F# Fe$uired for our lar"est tool %normally ())) to meet
recommended air $uality&. 0nput the tar"et air velocity in FP# for your ductin". The air speed needs to convey hatever material
you ant to move. For e!ample, e need about ;))) FP# to carry clean air but need about 4))) FP# to carry sadust and
chips ithout plu""in" vertical runs. This immediately calculates the most efficient optimum duct diameter. +sin" smaller duct
ill kill our needed total air volume unless e use an oversized impeller to increase pressure and air velocity, e.". e need -)))
For starters, it is useful to have a sketched layout of your shop, ith the tools in place, and the centerlines of all the ducts run. 0deally e ant
to create the shortest runs, ith the least number of bends and ith the ri"ht sized ductin". Practically, because e$uipment ill chan"e and
move around, e need to create a system that is fle!ible and ill permit chan"es. The best compromise is centerin" the dust collector as much
as possible then runnin" either a center main or a pair of mains on opposite alls. 0n this e!ample, e have a ;) ! ;) foot shop. Poer
concerns forced us to put the cyclone centered on the east all and run an (1' lon" duct don the center of the shop. By placin" our cyclone
ri"ht at the end of this duct run, e used a pair of 4- de"ree elbos and (.-' of =. fle! hose to connect the cyclone to the main. The fle! hose
helps control noise by not alloin" our ductin" to serve as a soundin" board, plus it makes our connection easier.
0n this e!ample shop, neither the planer run nor the radial arm sa run is ample to size our system. The ductin" run to our planer is the lon"est
possible for this shop and our radial arm sa has the most overhead. The planer overhead is small because it uses a simple sin"le =. port.
The radial arm sa needs both a seep up hood plus fle! hose blade "uard pickup hood. Fi!'ri"! o't t(e ma0im'm %or a"& s(o$ re3'ires
%i"i"! &o'r lar!est resista"ce tool ="ormall& t(e o"e +it( t(e most (oos a" t(e most small (oses># calc'lati"! t(e resista"ce %or
t(e lo"!est r'"# t(e" ai"! t(e resista"ce %or t(e tool +it( t(e (i!(est 'cti"! resista"ce $l's t(e o)er(ea o% &o'r se$arator#
The 2F# Fe$uirements Table shos our FAS needs AH) 2F#. *e ill round it up to 1)) 2F#. For our FAS,
and many other tools such as table sa, band sa, etc., e end up splittin" the don drop into to collection pipes. *e picked the FAS for
this e!ample because it has one of the hi"hest ductin" overheads of any small shop tool. For the FAS, e have a pick up hood that sits behind
the blade and a smaller fle! hose that attaches to the blade "uard. To keep from killin" airflo by restrictin" the area of ductin", the area of
these to ducts must be very close to the same area as our =. diameter don drop duct, rou"hly ;1 (84 s$uare inches. The folloin" table
shos ductin" areas, so you can pick a combination of offshoots that come close to the same area as the main. *e could split our =. main into
a -. and a ,.-. because addin" the areas of the -. and ,.-. ducts almost e!actly e$uals the area of the =. duct. Practically speakin", "oin"
ith -. and 4. is often easier because ,.-. fle! hose is so difficult to find. For this duct to ork ith our machines, e also often have to chan"e
out the ori"inal machine chip collection ports because they are too small. For our FAS, this re$uires makin" a ,.-. port on the blade "uard and
E)e" +it( t(e ri!(t si-i"!# 'al $ort mac(i"es ma& still "ee %'rt(er a.'stme"t to ,ee$ a lar!er 'ct %rom steali"! all t(e %lo+ %rom a
Any size variation, constriction in the tool, and even resistance of the different hoses ill si"nificantly alter ho much air "oes to
each collection point. Proper balancin" can re$uire use of a ye ith a baffle to direct the airflo and dual "au"es to ensure ample airflo to
From the above FAS ductin" picture taken from the ductin" hoods eb pa"es, you see a =. main "oin" into a ye that splits off a -. hose for
the rear seep up hood and a ,.-. hose for the blade "uard. The FAS hood turns up the all ith a H) de"ree bend %;.- F87&, "oes ,' up the
all, and enters the ye. The ,.-. fle! hose is -' lon" and enters the other le" of the ye after bendin" about H) de"rees. *e then "o up from
the ye ith -' of =. strai"ht pipe and connect to the main ith a =. H) de"ree bend %;.- F87&.
Fi"urin" out the pressure loss hen the flo splits takes some trial and error. *e have a total flo rate of ()))
2F#, but it has to be split beteen the ,.-. hose and the -. duct such that the sum of the to flos e$uals ())) 2F#, and the pressure loss is
the same. 0t mi"ht be easier to open to indos of the spreadsheet that are side by side. 0n the first indo, in the ,.-. column, enter (
round ed"e hood, ( fle! H) bend, and -' of fle! hose. 0n the second indo, in the -. column, enter ( round ed"e hood, ( H) de"ree bend %;.-
F87&, and ,' of pipe. ?o try to find a florate for each indo here the to of them add up to ())) 2F#, and that results in the same Total
@oss. 6ventually you ill find the folloin". 0f you enter ;)1 2F# Fe$uired for the ,.-. duct, you "et (.-=. of loss. 0f ;)1 2F# is floin" thru
the ,.-. hose, then AH; 2F# is left for the -. duct. 6nter AH; 2F# Fe$uired for the -. duct, and you "et about the same loss, (.-=.. *e are
no done ith those to indos. Startin" ith a blank spreadsheet, enter ())) 2F# Fe$uired. 0n the =. column, enter ( H) de"ree bend
%;.- F87& and -' of strai"ht duct. The Total @oss for the =. se"ment is ).A=.. The sum of (.-=. and ).A=., hich is ;.,;., is the total loss
beteen the FAS and the main duct. ?ote that the H) de"ree bend in the ,.-. hose is really killin" the air flo, and causin" more flo to "o
thru the -. duct than e ould like. Also, the spreadsheet reports the 2alculated 'elocity as @3* %,((, FP#& for the ,.-. hose. Steppin" up
3ur drain" shos the lon"est run starts at the cyclone ith (.-' of =. fle! hose, a pair of 4- de"ree =. bends %;.)
F87&, and (1' of =. duct. *e ill calculate up to, but not includin", the H) de"ree bend that drops don to the planer. Startin" ith a blank
spreadsheet, enter ())) 2F# Fe$uired. 0n the =. column, enter ( H) de"ree bend %;.) F87& to account for to 4- de"ree bends, (1' of strai"ht
Ceepin" the data e /ust did for the main duct run, e no add the #isc @osses and 3verhead @osses. 0n the #isc @osses section,
enter ;.;-. for a Pentz cyclone, ).-. for under ;;- s$uare feet of filter, and ).(-. for the muffler that sits beteen the bloer and filters. 0n the
3verhead @osses section, enter ;.). as a typical value. The spreadsheet should no be shoin" =.H,. for the Total @oss. #anually addin" the
;.,;. from the <i"hest Fesistance Tool section above "ives a "rand total of H.;-. pressure loss that our dust collector has to provide ())) 2F#
Fan tables like the one belo let us use our ())) 2F# and H.;-. pressure re$uirement to pick the minimum sized
bloer e need. The table belo shos our (). of resistance %rounded up from H.;-.& re$uires ,.)4 <P ith a (4. diameter impeller to "et at
least ())) 2F# %the table shos ()(4 2F#&. 0t mi"ht seem like a , <P 72 ould be a "ood choice for this shop. Fememberin" that e
calculated the pressure loss for the orst case duct run, look hat happens as you hook up a tool that's closer to the 72, resultin" in a
pressure loss of only =. for e!ample. 0n the table belo, move to the left until you "et in the =. column. The table shos the fan ill no be
almost all a)era!e small s(o$s +ill *'r" '$ A HP# a" e)e" 7 HP# motors
#any small shop cyclone vendors offer A. mains poered by ; and , <P
motors. These motors can burn up $uickly unless e kill our airflo to ell under ())) 2F#. Althou"h a nice advertisin" ploy shos very hi"h
2F# ma!imum numbers, you need to ask the vendor ho much poer the motor as drain" to "et that hi"h number, and compare the poer
needs to the motor they are sellin" you. A far smarter solution that moves more air and provides better separation is to use a real - <P motor
4))) is recommended
D ?@ ?A
;1=- (1,, (;A,
@3* @3* @3*
)
6nter 4- de"ree elbos as ).- H)'s %e."., to H)'s and one 4- ould be entered as ;.-&
0f e ere buildin" a commercial system, e ould add up the 2F# re$uirements for every machine, and that total
ould tell us ho many 2F# our bloer ould need to produce. *e ould likeise total and avera"e the resistance of every ductin" run to tell
us ho much resistance our bloer ould have to overcome. For this simple to machine shop, the total comes out to ;))) 2F# at (-. of
resistance. This re$uirement "oes ri"ht off our small shop fan table scale and puts us into a commercial table. This situation ould probably
re$uire a () <P motor turnin" a (=.-. diameter impeller to provide concurrent fine dust collection on these to tools at once.
6nter 4.-. for *ood #a". J similar, ,.-. ith neutral vane, ,.). ith air ramp, and ;.;-. for Pentz cyclone
#uffler > ).(-.
0f you are lookin" at a cyclone 72 hose fan curve says somethin" like .Static Pressure at 2yclone 0nlet., then
the four #isc @osses above are already accounted for and should be left blank or set to zero.
This includes filter seasonin" and other overhead resistance typical for a small shop.
?oteI 0f SP is over (;. you probably need to use a bi""er diameter pipe5
1. diameter (). diameter (;. diameter
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Std. Ba" > ;.-., K - #icron Ba"s > (., ;;- s$ ft filter > ).-., ,)) s$ ft filter > ).,.,
!!! WARNING !!!
73 ?3T 2<A?B6 A?E 3F T<6 26@@S B6@3* T<0S P30?T
1 () (;
).;-)H ).()-, ).)-(-
).(=1( ).)A(4 ).),-;
).(,1, ).)-A1 ).);1;
).(A;H ).)A;= ).),-=
).)(=) ).))-; ).));(
).-((A ).;)H= ).()((
T<0S 0?F3F#AT03? 0S B60?B #A76 A'A0@AB@6 S3 T<AT E3+ 2A? S66 <3* T<6 SPF6A7S<66T 0S 2A@2+@AT0?B 0TS
0?F3F#AT03? A?7 T3 B0'6 E3+ A? 3PP3FT+?0TE T3 2<62C 3+F *3FC. A770T03?A@ 0?F3F#AT03? 0S A@S3 3? S<66T;.
0F E3+ F0?7 S3#6T<0?B T<AT E3+ T<0?C 0S *F3?B, P@6AS6 73?'T <6S0TAT6 T3 @6T +S C?3*.
= / * P * #".%" * d ' ".0&$ 0ss*me a fle 10 is similar to a pipe 10 with a %.5 2+3
http6++www.engineeringtool7o.com+d*ct'friction'press*re'loss'd8&&&.html
6$uivalent pipe len"ths from the 2incinnati Fan Booklet
6@B3*
(.-7 ;.)7 ;.-7
, - , ,
4 = 4 4
- H = -
= (; A =
A (, H A
1 (- () 1
() ;) (4 ((
(; ;- (A (4
*E6S 4- de"
4 -
= A
1 ((
() (4
(; (A