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A cricket field consists of a large circular or oval-shaped grassy ground on which the

game of cricket is played. There are no fixed dimensions for the field but
its diameter usually varies between 450 feet (137 m) and 500 feet (150 m). Cricket is
unusual among major sports (along withAustralian rules football and baseball) in that
there is no official rule for a fixed-shape ground for professional games. The cricket
ground can vary from being almost a perfect circle, to being an extremely elongated
oval. On most grounds, a rope demarcates the perimeter of the field and is known as
the boundary. A cricket pitch is 22 yards long.

The ICC Standard Playing Conditions define the minimum and maximum size of the
playing surface. Law 19.1 of ICC Test Match Playing Conditions states:
"The playing area shall be a minimum of 150 yards (137.16 metres) from boundary to
boundary square of the pitch, with the shorter of the two square boundaries being a
minimum 65 yards (59.43 metres). The straight boundary at both ends of the pitch shall
be a minimum of 70 yards (64.00 metres). Distances shall be measured from the centre
of the pitch to be used. In all cases the aim shall be to provide the largest playing area,
subject to no boundary exceeding 90 yards (82.29 meters) from the centre of the pitch to
be used. "
[1]

In addition, the conditions require a minimum 3 yard gap between the "rope" and the
surrounding fencing or advertising boards. This is to allow the players to dive without
hurting themselves.
The conditions contain a grandfather clause, which exempts stadiums built before
October 2007. However, most stadiums which regularly host international games easily
meet the minimum dimensions.
It is worth noting that based on these guidelines, a cricket field must have at least 16,000
square yards ((150+3+3)/2*(70+70+3+3-22/2)/2*pi) of grass area. A more realistic test-
match stadium would have more than 20,000 square yards of grass (having a straight
boundary of about 80m).
[2]
In contrast an association football field needs only about
9,000 square yards of grass, and an Olympic stadium would contain 13,500 square
yards of grass within its 400m running track, making it impossible to play international
cricket matches unless the stadium was specifically built for cricket. However
the Stadium Australia which hosted the Sydney Olympics in 2000 had its running track
turfed over and 30,000 seats removed to make it possible to play cricket in the stadium,
at a cost of A$80 million.
[3]
This is one of the reasons cricket games generally cannot be
hosted outside the traditional cricket playing countries, and a few non-test nations like
Canada, the UAE, and Kenya that have built test-match standard stadiums
In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular
floor with tiles at either end. In professional or organized basketball, especially when
played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood, often maple, and highly polished.
Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such
as concrete or asphalt (i.e. blacktop/tarmac).
Dimensions[edit]
Basketball courts come in different shapes and sizes and colors. In the NBA, the court is 94 feet
by 50 ft (28.65m by 15.24m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA)rules,
[1]
the court
is minutely smaller, measuring exactly 28 m by 15 m (91'10.4" by 49'2.6"). A high school court is
slightly smaller, at 84' by 50' and some elementary schools have courts measuring 74' x 42'. In
amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10' (3.05m) above the floor
(except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets.
A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or
with a player's foot touching the line is worth two points. The free-throw line, where one stands
while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc.
[2]

Height[edit]
The height of the underside of the roof structure, or the ceiling if there is one, above the floor is
specified by each sports governing body, and this is a critical design factor. Badminton, tennis
and trampolining require an unrestricted height of 9.1m for international competition, while 7.6m
is necessary at C level in all sports except those for which height is not critical. In general a
basketball court should have a minimum clearance of 25 feet (7.7m), although a ceiling height of
at least 27 feet (8.23m) is recommended.
Three-point line[edit]
The three-point line is the line that separates the two-point area from the three-point
area; any shot converted beyond this line counts as three points. If the shooting player
steps on the line, it is counted as two points only. Any foul made in the act of shooting
beyond the three-point line would give the player three free throws if the shot doesn't go
in, and one if it does.
The distance to the three-point line from the center of the basket varies depending on
the level or league, and has changed several times. These are the current distances,
with the league or level using each distance:
19.75 ft (6.01 m): High School
20.75 ft (6.32 m): NCAA
21.65 ft (6.60 m) to 22.15 ft (6.75 m): WNBA and FIBA
22 ft (6.71 m) to 23.75 ft (7.24 m): NBA

Field handball
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Dimensions of a field of field handball played with 11 players at 1936 Summer Olympics compared to
a football field.
Field handball (also known as outdoor handball or grass handball) was the original form of
what is now handball and was played at the1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.
The sport is played on a grass field (similar to an Association football field) between 90 and
110 meters long, 55 to 65 meters wide. The fieldhas two parallel lines 35 metres from the goal
line, which divides the field into 3 sections; each section can have up to 6 players of each team.
The goal area is a semicircular line with a 13-metre radius, and the penalty mark at 14 metres
from the goal. The goal is 7.32 meters wide and 2.44 meters high.
The game is played with the same ball as the indoor type by two teams of 11 players (plus 2
reserves) and two periods of 30 minutes each.
Indoor handball gradually grew in popularity to replace field handball and the last field handball
World Championship was played in 1966.
There is no difference between this and regular team handball; just field handball is played
outside.






Voley ballThe court dimensions
A volleyball court is 18 m (59 ft) long and 9 m (29.5 ft) wide, divided into 9 m 9 m
halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net. The top of the net is 2.43 m (8 ft 0 in) above
the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 m (7 ft 4 in) for women's
competition, varied for veterans and junior competitions.
The minimum height clearance for indoor volleyball courts is 7 m (23 ft), although a
clearance of 8 m (26 ft) is recommended.
A line 3 m (9.84 ft) from and parallel to the net is considered the "attack line". This "3
meter" (or "10-foot") line divides the court into "back row" and "front row" areas (also
back court and front court). These are in turn divided into 3 areas each: these are
numbered as follows, starting from area "1", which is the position of the serving player:
The team courts are surrounded by an area called the free zone which is a minimum of 3
meters wide and which the players may enter and play within after the service of the
ball.
[16]
All lines denoting the boundaries of the team court and the attack zone are drawn
or painted within the dimensions of the area and are therefore a part of the court or
zone. If a ball comes in contact with the line, the ball is considered to be "in". An antenna
is placed on each side of the net perpendicular to the sideline and is a vertical extension
of the side boundary of the court. A ball passing over the net must pass completely
between the antenna (or their theoretical extensions to the ceiling) without contacting
them.
The ball
Main article: Volleyball (ball)
FIVB regulations state that the ball must be spherical, made of leather or synthetic
leather, have a circumference of 6567 cm, a weight of 260280 g and an inside
pressure of 0.300.325 kg/cm
2
.
[17]
Other governing bodies have similar regulations.
Game play
Each team consists of six players. To get play started, a team is chosen to serve by coin
toss. A player from the serving team throws the ball into the air and attempts to hit the
ball so it passes over the net on a course such that it will land in the opposing team's
court (the serve). The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three
contacts with the volleyball to return the ball to the opponent's side of the net. These
contacts usually consist first of the bump or pass so that the ball's trajectory is aimed
towards the player designated as the setter; second of the set (usually an over-hand
pass using wrists to push finger-tips at the ball)

Field hockey, or simply hockey, is a team sport of the hockey family. The earliest
origins of the sport date back to the Middle Ages in Scotland, the Netherlands, and
England.
[1]
The game can be played on a grass field or a turf field as well as an indoor
board surface. Each team plays with eleven players including the goalie. Players use
sticks made out of wood or fiber glass to hit a round, hard, rubber like ball. The length of
the stick depends on the player's individual height.
[2]
There are no left hand sticks in field
hockey, and only one side of the stick is allowed to be used. The uniform consist of shin-
guards, cleats, skirts or shorts, and a jersey. At the turn of the 21st century, the game is
played globally, with particular popularity throughout western Europe, the Indian
subcontinent, and Australasia. Hockey is the national sport of Pakistan, and is
sometimes assumed to be India's national sport as well, although officially India does not
have a national sport.
[3]
The term "field hockey" is used primarily in Canada, the United
States, Eastern Europe and other regions of the world where the sport of ice hockey is
more popular.
During play, goal keepers are the only players who are allowed to touch the ball with any
part of their body (the player's hand is considered 'part of the stick'), with this only
applying within the shooting circle (also known as the D, or shooting arc, or just the
circle), while field players play the ball with the flat side of their stick. The team that
scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the
game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty
shootout, depending on the competition's format.
The governing body of hockey is the International Hockey Federation (FIH), with men
and women being represented internationally in competitions including the Olympic
Games, World Cup, World League, Champions Trophy and Junior World Cup, with
many countries running extensive junior, senior, and masters' club competitions. The
FIH is also responsible for organising the Hockey Rules Boardand developing
the rules for the sport.
A popular variant of field hockey is indoor field hockey, which differs in a number of
respects while embodying the primary principles of hockey. Indoor hockey is a 5-a-side
variant, with a field which is reduced to approximately 40 m 20 m (131 ft 66 ft). With
many of the rules remaining the same, including obstruction and feet, there are several
key variations Players may not raise the ball unless shooting on goal, players may not
hit the ball (instead utilising pushes to transfer the ball), and the sidelines are replaced
with solid barriers which the ball will rebound off.
[4]




Softball Ground
The playing field is divided into 'fair territory' and 'foul territory'. Fair territory is further
divided into the 'infield', and the 'outfield', and the territory beyond the outfield fence.
The field is defined by 'foul lines' that meet at a right angle at 'home plate'. The minimum
length of the baselines varies classification of play. A fence running between the
baselines defines the limits of the field; this fence is equidistant from home plate at all
points.
Behind home plate is a 'backstop'. It must be between 25 and 30 feet (7.62 and 9.14
meters) behind home plate depending on the type of division that is playing.
'Home Plate' is one corner of a diamond with 'bases' at each corner. The bases other
than home plate are 15 in (38 cm) square, of canvas or a similar material, and not more
than 5 in (13 cm) thick. The bases are usually securely fastened to the ground. The
bases are numbered counter clockwise as first base, second base, and third base.
Often, but not always, outside first base (that is, in foul territory) and adjacent and
connected to it there is a contrast-colored "double base" or "safety base". It is intended
to prevent collisions between the first baseman and the runner.
The infield consists of the diamond and the adjacent space in which the infielders
normally play. The outfield is the remaining space between the baselines and between
the outfield fence and the infield. The infield is usually "skinned" (dirt), while the outfield
has grass in regulation competitions.
Near the center of the diamond is the pitching plate. In fast pitch, a skinned circle 16 feet
(4.88 meters) in diameter known as the pitching circle is around the pitching plate.
A field is officially supposed to have a warning track between 15 and 12 feet (5 and 4
meters) from the outfield fence. However, if the game is being played on a field larger
than required, no warning track is required before the temporary outfield fencing.
Located in foul territory outside both baselines are two 'Coach's Boxes'. Each box is
behind a line 15 feet (5 meters) long located 12 feet (3 meters) from each baseline.







A football pitch (also known as a football field
[1]
or soccer field) is the playing surface
for the game of football made of turf. Its dimensions and markings are defined by Law 1
of the Laws of the Game, "The Field of Play".
[2]

All line markings on the pitch form part of the area which they define. For example, a ball
on or above the touchline is still on the field of play; a ball on the line of the goal area is
in the goal area; and a foul committed over the 16.5-metre (18-yard) line has occurred in
the penalty area. Therefore a ball must completely cross the touchline to be out of play,
and a ball must wholly cross the goal line (between the goal posts) before a goal is
scored; if any part of the ball is still on or above the line, the ball is still in play.
The field descriptions that apply to adult matches are described below. Note that due to
the original formulation of the Laws in England and the early supremacy of the four
British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were
originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with
approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), but use of the
imperial units remains common in some countries, especially in the United Kingdom.
Pitch boundary[edit]
The pitch is rectangular in shape. The longer sides are called touchlines. The other
opposing sides are called the goal lines. The two goal lines must be between 45 and
90 m (50 and 100 yd) and be the same length.
[3]
The two touch lines must also be of the
same length, and be between 90 and 120 m (100 and 130 yd) in length.
[3]
However, in
international matches, the goal lines must be between 64 and 75 m (70 and 80 yd) long
and the touchlines must be between 100 and 110 m (110 and 120 yd).
[3]
All lines must
be equally wide, not to exceed 12 centimetres (5 in).
[3]
The corners of the pitch are
demarcated by corner flags.
[4]

In March 2008 the IFAB attempted to standardise the size of the football pitch for
international matches and set the official dimensions of a pitch to 105 m long by 68 m
wide.
[5]
However, at a special meeting of the IFAB on 8 May 2008, it was ruled that this
change would be put on hold pending a review and the proposed change has not been
implemented.
[6]

Although the term goal line is often taken to mean only that part of the line between the
goalposts, in fact it refers to the complete line at either end of the pitch, from one corner
flag to the other. In contrast, the term byline (or by-line) is often used to refer to that
portion of the goal line outside the goalposts. This term is commonly used in football
commentaries and match descriptions, such as this example from a BBC match report;
"Udeze gets to the left byline and his looping cross is cleared..."

Kho Kho is a tag sport played by teams of twelve players who try to avoid being
touched by members of the opposing team, only 9 players of the team enter the field.
[1]
It
is one of the two most popular traditional tag games of South Asia, the other
being Kabbadi.
[2]
Apart from South Asia (mainly Bangladesh, India and Pakistan), it is
also played in South Africa.
[3]
Field[edit]


Schematic representation of a Kho-kho pitch (field). White lines are the markers, black circles are
wooden poles (~ 4 feet tall), yellow arrows are chasing team members (facing as the arrow-heads
are), blue smiley faces are the defenders (arrive in batches of 3).
A Kho Kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular.
[4]
It is 29 meters in length and 16 metres
in width. There are two rectangles at the end. One side of the rectangle is 16 metre and
the other side is 2.75 meters. In the middle of these two rectangles, there are two
wooden poles. The central lane is 23.5 meters long and 30 cm width . There are eight
cross lanes which lie across central lane, length of the cross lanes, are 16 meters and
width 30 cm. It makes the small rectangles and each of it is 16 meters in length and
2.3 meters in breadth,(the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles are 2.5 meters
width) at right angles to the central lane and divided equally into two parts of 7.85 meters
each by central lane. At the end of central lane, two posts are fixed. They are 120 cm
height from the ground and their circumference is not less than 30 cm and not more than
40 cm. The post is made of wooden poles which are smooth all over. The posts are fixed
firmly in the free zone tangent to the post-line at a height between 120 to 125 cm.
Equipment[edit]
The equipment used in Kho Kho are poles/posts, strings, metallic measuring tape, lime
powder, wire nails, two watches, two types of rings having inner circumference of 30 cm
and 40 cm, score shots (like a whistle, for instance), and some stationery to write results
etc..
[5]

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