PA R T

I I
C H A P T E R P
Preparation for Calculus
Section P.1

Graphs and Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Section P.2

Linear Models and Rates of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Section P.3

Functions and Their Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Section P.4

Fitting Models to Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Review Exercises

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

C H A P T E R P
Preparation for Calculus
Section P.1

Graphs and Models

Solutions to Even-Numbered Exercises

4. y  x3  x

2. y  9  x2
x-intercepts: 3, 0, 3, 0

x-intercepts: 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0

y-intercept: 0, 3

y-intercept: 0, 0

Matches graph (d)

Matches graph (c)

6. y  6  2x

8. y  x  32

2

1

10

2

y
10

10

8
6

4
2

2
x
6



10. y  x  1

x
4

12. y  x  2

3

2

1

2

1

14

1

2

2
3
1
3

1
2

282

x
1

x
5

10

15

20

Section P.1
14.

16.

Xmin = -30
Xmax = 30
Xscl = 5
Ymin = -10
Ymax = 40
Yscl = 5

Graphs and Models

Note that y  10 when x  0 or x  10.

(a) 0.5, y  0.5, 2.47

(b) x, 4  1.65, 4 and x, 4  1, 4
20. y  x  1x2  1

18. y 2  x3  4x
y-intercept: y2  03  40

y  0  102  1

y-intercept:

y  1; 0, 1

y  0; 0, 0
x-intercepts: 0  x3  4x

0  x  1x2  1

x-intercepts:

x  1; 1, 0

0  xx  2x  2
x  0, 2; 0, 0,  2, 0

22. y 

x2  3x
3x  12

y-intercept: y 

24. y  2x  x2  1
02  30
30  12

y  0; 0, 0
x-intercepts: 0 

x2  3x
3x  12

0

xx  3
3x  12

y-intercept: y  20  02  1

y  1; 0, 1
0  2x  x2  1

x-intercepts:

2x  x2  1
4x2  x2  1
3x2  1
x2 

x  0, 3; 0, 0, 3, 0

1
3

x
x

3

3

33, 0

Note: x   33 is an extraneous solution.

26. y  x2  x
No symmetry with respect to either axis or the origin.

28. Symmetric with respect to the origin since

y  x3  x

y  x3  x
y  x3  x.

30. Symmetric with respect to the x-axis since

xy2  xy2  10.

32. Symmetric with respect to the origin since

xy  4  x2  0
xy  4  x2  0.

283

284

Chapter P

34. y 

Preparation for Calculus

x2
is symmetric with respect to the y-axis
x2  1



36. y  x  3 is symmetric with respect to the x-axis

x
38. y    2
2

2
40. y  3x  1

42. y  x2  3
Intercept: 0, 3

Intercepts:

Intercepts:

0, 1,  32, 0

4, 0, 0, 2

 
y  x  3.

since y  x  3

x2
x2

.
x2  1 x2  1

since y 

Symmetry: y-axis
y

Symmetry: none

Symmetry: none
12

y
9

(0, 2)

(0, 1)

( 32 , 0)

(4, 0)
1

(0, 3)

x
1

44. y  2x2  x  x2x  1

Intercepts:

48. y  9  x2

46. y  x3  4x
Intercepts:

0, 0, 

 12 ,

0

Intercepts:

3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 3

0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0

Symmetry: none

Symmetry: y-axis

Symmetry: origin

Domain: 3, 3

y
y
5

y
3

5
2

1
2,
3

(2, 0)

(0, 0)

(0, 0)

(2, 0)

4
2
1

2
3

52. y 

Intercepts:

10
x2  1

(3, 0)

54. y  6  x
Intercepts:

Intercepts: 0, 10

0, 2, 0, 2, 4, 0

2 1
1

( 3, 0)

50. x  y2  4

(0, 3)

0, 6, 6, 0

Symmetry: y-axis

Symmetry: x-axis

Symmetry: none

y
y
12
3

10

(0, 10)
8

(0, 2)

(0, 6)

( 4, 0)
5

4
2

(0, 2)
3

6 4

x
2

(6, 0)

x
2

Section P.1

56. x2  4y2  4 y 

4  x2

58. 3x  4y2  8
4y2  3x  8

Intercepts:

y  34x  2

2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1

83, 0

Symmetry: origin and both axes

Intercept:

Domain: 2, 2

Symmetry: x-axis
6

(0, 1)

(2, 0)

Graphs and Models

( 83 , 0)

(2, 0)

12

(0, 1)
6

60. y   x  2 x  2 x  2  (other answers possible)

5

62. Some possible equations:

x  y2



x y

x  y4  1
x2  y2  25
64. 2x  3y  13 y 
5x  3y  1 y 

2x  13
3

1  5x
3

2x  13 1  5x

3
3

66.

5x  9
6
7x  18
7x  3y  18 y 
3
5x  9 7x  18

6
3
5x  9  14x  36
5x  6y  9 y 

2x  13  1  5x

27  9x

7x  14

x3

x2
The corresponding y-value is y  3.

The corresponding y-value is y  1.

Point of intersection: 3, 1

Point of intersection: 2, 3

68.

x  3  y2 y2  3  x
yx1

70. x2  y2  25 y2  25  x2
2x  y  10 y  10  2x

3  x  x  12

25  x2  10  2x2

3  x  x2  2x  1

25  x2  100  40x  4x2

0  x2  x  2  x  1x  2

0  5x2  40x  75  5x  3x  5

x  1 or x  2

x  3 or x  5

The corresponding y-values are y  2 and y  1.

The corresponding y-values are y  4 and y  0.

Points of intersection: 1, 2, 2, 1

Points of intersection: 3, 4, 5, 0

285

286

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

3
72. y  x  4x

y  x4  2x2  1

74.

y   x  2
x3  4x   x  2

y  1  x2
1  x2  x4  2x2  1

x3  3x  2  0

0  x4  x2

x  1 x  2  0

0  x2x  1x  1

x1

x  1, 0, 1

or x  2

The corresponding y-values are y  3 and y  0.

1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0

Points of intersection: 1, 3, 2, 0

y = x 2x + 1
4

(0, 1)
3

(1, 0)

(1, 0)

y = 1 x2

76. y  kx  5 matches (b).

Use 1, 7: 7  k1  5 k  2, thus, y  2x  5.
y  x2  k matches (d).
Use 1, 9: 9  12  k k  10, thus, y  x2  10.
y  kx32 matches (a).
Use 1, 3: 3  k132 k  3, thus, y  3x32.
xy  k matches (c).
Use 1, 36: 136  k k  36, thus, xy  36.
78. (a) Using a graphing utility, you obtain

(b)

500

y  0.1283t2  11.0988t  207.1116

(c) For the year 2004, t  54 and
y  432.3 acres per farm.

50

80. (a) If x, y is on the graph, then so is x, y by y-axis symmetry. Since x, y is on the graph, then so is x, y by
x-axis symmetry. Hence, the graph is symmetric with respect to the origin. The converse is not true. For example, y  x3
has origin symmetry but is not symmetric with respect to either the x-axis or the y-axis.
(b) Assume that the graph has x-axis and origin symmetry. If x, y is on the graph, so is x, y by x-axis symmetry. Since
x, y is on the graph, then so is x,  y  x, y by origin symmetry. Therefore, the graph is symmetric with
respect to the y-axis. The argument is similar for y-axis and origin symmetry.
82. True

84. True; the x-intercept is

 2ab , 0
.

Section P.2

Section P.2

Linear Models and Rates of Change

2. m  2

4. m  1

10. m 

8.
6

m=3

m = 3

( 4, 1)

6. m  40
3

42
2  1



m= 1

6 5

Linear Models and Rates of Change

12. m 

2
3

2  2
0
41

y
2

m=0

1
2 1

x
1

( 2, 4)
4

x
1
1

(1, 2)

(3, 2) (4, 2)

1
x

14. m 

34  14
78  54

y
3

1
8


38
3

2
1

( 78 , 34 )
x

1
1

( 54 , 14 )

16. Since the slope is undefined, the line is vertical and its equation is x  3. Therefore, three additional points are 3, 2,
3, 3, and 3, 5.
18. The equation of this line is
y  2  2x  2
y  2x  2.
Therefore, three additional points are 3, 4, 1, 0, and 0, 2.

20. (a) Slope 

y 1

x 3

(b)
x
10 ft
30 ft

By the Pythagorean Theorem,

x2  302  102  1000
x  31.623 feet.
22. (a) m  400 indicates that the revenues increase by 400 in one day.
(b) m  100 indicates that the revenues increase by 100 in one day.
(c) m  0 indicates that the revenues do not change from one day to the next.

287

288

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

26. y  1

24. 6x  5y  15
y

6
5x

3

Therefore, the slope is m 

0, 3.
x  1

28.

6
5

The line is horizontal. Therefore, the slope is m  0 and

the y-intercept is 0, 1.

and the y-intercept is

y4

30.

y  4   5 x  2
3

32.

y40

x10

5y  20  3x  6

(1, 2)

3x  5y  14  0

(0, 4)

3
1

1
3

34. m 

30
 3
1  0

36. m 

y  0  3x  0
y  3x

4  4 8
 2
1  3 4

xy30
y

5
4
3
2

y  2


y20

44. m  

1
8

38
3

1 8
5

x
4
3
4

2)

(3,

b
xb
a

b
xyb
a

12y  3  32x  40

x
y
 1
a b

b
a

y

32x  12y  37  0
(1,

4 3 2 1

y
3

(1, 2)

34  14
78  54

1
2

3
2

1 2 3
2
3
4
5

( 3, 4)

42. m 

( 3, 6)
x

40. m  0

(1, 4)

7 6 5 4 3

4
62

 1
3  1 4

y  2  x  1

y  4  2x  2
0  2x  y  2

(0, 0)
2

38. m 

y  2  1x  1

y  4  2x  1

3x  y  0

( 1, 3)

(2, 4)

2)

(0, b)

3
2
1

( 78 , 34 )
x

1
1

( 54 , 14 )

(a, 0)
x

Section P.2

46.

y
x

1
23 2

y
x
 1
a a

48.

3x
y
 1
2
2

Linear Models and Rates of Change

3 4
 1
a
a

3x  y  2

1
1
a

3x  y  2  0

a1xy1
xy10

x4

50.

y  13x  1

52.

x40

3y  x  3  0

1
3

3
(0, 1)

x
1

1
2

3
4

54. y  1  3x  4

56. x  2y  6  0
y   12 x  3

y  3x  13

y
16

12

2
10

16 12 8

58.

The lines do not appear perpendicular.

The lines appear perpendicular.

The lines are perpendicular because their slopes 2 and  12 are negative reciprocals of each other.
You must use a square setting in order for perpendicular lines to appear perpendicular.

289

290

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

60. x  y  7

62. 3x  4y  7

y  x  7

y   34 x  74

m  1

m   34

y  2  1x  3

(a)

(a)

y  2  x  3

4y  16  3x  18

xy10

3x  4y  2  0

y  2  1x  3

(b)

y  4   4 x  6

(b)

y  4  3 x  6
4

3y  12  4x  24

y2x3
xy50

4x  3y  36  0

64. (a) y  0

66. The slope is 4.50.

Hence, V  4.5t  1  156

(b) x  1 x  1  0

 4.5t  151.5
68. The slope is 5600. Hence, V  5600t  1  245,000
 5600t  250,600
70.

(0, 3)
9

(3, 0)
9

You can use the graphing utility to determine that the points of intersection are 0, 3 and 3, 0. Analytically,
x2  4x  3  x2  2x  3
2x2  6x  0
2xx  3  0
x  0 y  3 0, 3
x  3 y  0 3, 0.
The slope of the line joining 0, 3 and 3, 0 is m  0  33  0  1. Hence, an equation of the line is
y  3  1x  0
y  x  3.

72. m1 
m2 

10
6  4

70
7
11  4
7

5  0
5

m1  m2
The points are not collinear.

Section P.2

Linear Models and Rates of Change

74. Equations of medians:

c
x
b

y

291

( b 2 a , 2c )

c
y
x  a
3a  b

(b, c)

( a +2 b , 2c )
x

( a, 0)

c
x  a
y
3a  b

(0, 0) (a, 0)

Solving simultaneously, the point of intersection is

b3, 3c .
b3, 3c  to b, a

76. The slope of the line segment from

m1 

 b2
is:
c

a2  b2c  c3 3a2  3b2  c23c 3a2  3b2  c2



b  b3
2b3
2bc

b3, 3c  to 0, a

The slope of the line segment from

m2 

 b2  c2
is:
2c

a2  b2  c22c  c3 3a2  3b2  3c2  2c26c 3a2  3b2  c2



0  b3
b3
2bc

m1  m2
Therefore, the points are collinear.
78. C  0.34x  150. If x  137, C  0.34137  150  $196.58
80. (a) Depreciation per year:
875
5

1000

 $175

y  875  175x
where 0 x 5.

6
0

(b) y  875  1752  $525

(c) 200  875  175x

175x  675
x  3.86 years

82. (a) y  18.91  3.97x x  quiz score, y  test score

(b)

(c) If x  17, y  18.91  3.9717  86.4.

(d) The slope shows the average increase in exam score
for each unit increase in quiz score.

100

(e) The points would shift vertically upward 4 units. The

new regression line would have a y-intercept 4 greater
than before: y  22.91  3.97x.

20
0

84. 4x  3y  10  0 d 

42  33  10
 7
42  32

86. x  1  0 d 

16  02  1
 7
12  02

88. A point on the line 3x  4y  1 is 1, 1. The distance from the point 1, 1 to 3x  4y  10  0 is
d

3  4  10
 9.
5

292

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

90. y  mx  4 mx  1y  4  0
d

Ax1  By1  C  m3  11  4

m2  12

A2  B2

(1, 0)

3m  3

m2  1

The distance is 0 when m  1. In this case, the line y  x  4 contains the point 3, 1.
y

92. For simplicity, let the vertices of the quadrilateral be

0, 0, a, 0, b, c, and d, e, as shown in the figure. The
midpoints of the sides are

(d, e)



c+e
2

(b, c)

( d2 , 2e )

a
ab c
bd ce
d e
,0 ,
, ,
,
, and , .
2
2
2
2
2
2 2

 

( b +2 d ,

 

(a +2 b , 2c )
x

The slope of the opposite sides are equal:

(0, 0)

( a2 , 0)

(a, 0)

c
ce
e
0

c
2
2
2


ab a
bd d
b


2
2
2
2
c
ce
e

e
2
2
2


a d
ab bd
ad


2 2
2
2
0

Therefore, the figure is a paralleogram.

94. If m1  1m2, then m1m2  1. Let L3 be a line with

slope m3 that is perpendicular to L1. Then m1m3  1.
Hence, m2  m3 L2 and L3 are parallel. Therefore, L2
and L1 are also perpendicular.

Section P.3

96. False; if m1 is positive, then m2  1m1 is negative.

Functions and Their Graphs

2. (a) f 2  2  3  1  1

4. (a) g4  424  4  0

(b) f 6  6  3  9  3

(b) g32   32 

2  4  94 52    458

(c) f c  c  3

(c) gc  c2c  4  c3  4c2

(d) f x  x  x  x  3

(d) gt  4  t  42t  4  4

2 3

 t  42t  t3  8t2  16t

6. (a) f   sin  0

(c) f

8.

10.

23  sin23 

(b) f
3

f x  f 1 3x  1  3  1 3x  1



 3, x  1
x1
x1
x1
f x  f 1 x3  x  0 xx  1x  1


 xx  1, x  1
x1
x1
x1

54  sin54   2 2


Section P.3
12. gx  x2  5

Functions and Their Graphs

14. ht  cot t

Domain:  , 

Domain: all t  k, k an integer

Range: 5, 

Range:  , 

16. gx 

293

2
x1

Domain:  , 1, 1, 

Range:  , 0, 0, 

18. f x 

2xx  2,2, xx > 11

2

20. f x 

x x54,, xx > 55


(a) f 2  22  2  6

(a) f 3  3  4  1  1

(b) f 0  02  2  2

(b) f 0  0  4  2
(c) f 5  5  4  3

(c) f 1  12  2  3
(d) f 

s2

 2  2

s2

 2 
2

2s4

(d) f 10  10  52  25

 10

8s2

(Note: s2  2 > 1 for all s)

Domain: 4, 

Domain:  , 

Range: 0, 

Range: 2, 
22. gx 

4
x

1
24. f x  2 x3  2

Domain:  , 

Domain:  , 0, 0, 

8
6

Range:  , 

Range:  , 0, 0, 

x
2

6 4

26. f x  x  4  x2
4

Domain: 2, 2
Range:

2, 22  2, 2.83

28. h   5 cos

(0, 2)
2, 0(

4 3 2

y-intercept: 0, 2
x-intercept:   2, 0

x
1

5
4
3
2
1

Range: 5, 5
2

Domain:  , 

2
3
4

30. x2  4  y  0 y  x2  4

y is a function of x. Vertical lines intersect the graph
at most once.

34. x2  y  4 y  4  x2
y is a function of x since there is one value of y for
each x.

32. x2  y2  4
y  4  x2
y is not a function of x. Some vertical lines intersect
the graph twice.
x2
4
y is a function of x since there is one value of y for
each x.

36. x2y  x2  4y  0 y 

x2

294

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

38. p1x  x3  x  1 has one zero. p2x  x3  x has

three zeros. Every cubic polynomial has at least one zero.
Given px  Ax3  Bx2  Cx  D, we have p   as
x   and p  as x  if A > 0. Furthermore,
p  as x   and p   as x  if A < 0.
Since the graph has no breaks, the graph must cross the
x-axis at least one time.

P1
3



40. The function is f x  cx. Since 1, 1

4 satisfies the
equation, c  14. Thus, f x  14x.

P2

42. The function is hx  c x . Since 1, 3 satisfies the

equation, c  3. Thus, hx  3 x .

20 1
 mimin during the first
40 2
4 minutes. The student is stationary for the following
62
2 minutes. Finally, the student travels
 1 mimin
10  6
during the final 4 minutes.

44. The student travels

46. (a)



A
500
400
300
200
100
t
10

20

30

40

50

(b) A15  345 acresfarm

48. (a) gx  f x  4

y
4

g6  f 2  1

Shift f left 2 units

3
2

g0  f 4  3
Shift f right 4 units

(b) gx  f x  2

(6, 1)

7 6 5 4 3

(0, 1)
x

( 6, 3)

(0, 3)

(c) gx  f x  4

(d) gx  f x  1

y
6

Vertical shift upwards

4 units

y
2

(2, 5)

Vertical shift down 1 unit

5
4

(2, 0)
x

5 4 3 2 1

( 4, 1)

5 4 3 2 1

( 4, 4)

(e) gx  2f x

1
(f) gx  2 f x

(2, 2)
2

g2  2 f 2  2
5 4 3 2 1

y
2

g2  12 f 2  12

(2, 12 )

x
1

g4  12 f 4   32

5 4 3

( 4, 32 )

( 4, 6 )

5
6

g4  2f 4  6

5
6

x
1
2
3
4
5
6

50. (a) hx  sinx  2  1 is a horizontal shift 2 units to the left, followed by a vertical shift 1 unit upwards.
(b) hx  sinx  1 is a horizontal shift 1 unit to the right followed by a reflection about the x-axis.

Section P.3
52. (a) f g1  f 0  0

Functions and Their Graphs

54. f x  x2  1, gx  cos x

(b) g f 1  g1  0

 f  gx  f gx  f cos x  cos2 x  1

(c) g f 0  g0  1

Domain:  , 

(d) f g4  f 15  15

g  f x  gx 2  1  cosx 2  1

(e) f gx  f x2  1  x2  1

Domain:  , 

(f) g f x  g x    x   1  x  1 x 0

No, f  g  g  f.

56.  f  gx  f  x  2  

1
x  2

Domain: 2, 

g  f x  g

1x   1x  2  1 x 2x

You can find the domain of g  f by determining the intervals where 1  2x and x are both positive, or both negative.
+
2

+ +

1 1
2

+
1

x
2

Domain:   ,  12, 0, 

58. (a)

3 x   
3 x  f x
60. f x  

25

Odd

100

0
0

(b) H1.6x  0.0021.6x2  0.0051.6x  0.029

 0.00512x 2  0.008x  0.029
62. f x  sin2x  sinx sinx  sin xsin x  sin2x
Even
64. (a) If f is even, then 4, 9 is on the graph.
66. f x  a2nx2n  a2n2x2n2  . . .  a2x2  a0
 a2nx2n  a2n2x2n2  . . .  a2x2  a0
 f x
Even
68. Let F x  f xgx where f is even and g is odd. Then
F x  f xgx  f x gx  f xgx  F x.
Thus, F x is odd.

(b) If f is odd, then 4, 9 is on the graph.

295

296

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

70. (a) Let F x  f x gx where f and g are even. Then, F x  f x gx  f x gx  F x.
Thus, F x is even.
(b) Let F x  f x gx where f and g are odd. Then, F x  f x gx  f x  gx  F x.
Thus, F x is odd.
(c) Let F x  f x gx where f is odd and g is even. Then, F x  f x gx  f x gx.
Thus, F x is neither odd nor even.

72. By equating slopes,

02
y2

03
x3
y2
y

L  x2  y2 

74. True

6
x3
6
2x
2
x3
x  3,

x  x 2x 3 .
2

76. False; let f x  x2. Then f 3x  3x2  9x2 and 3f x  3x2. Thus, 3f x  f 3x.

Section P.4

Fitting Models to Data

2. Trigonometric function

4. No relationship

6. (a)

8. (a) s  9.7t  0.4

20

(b)

20
0
1

No, the relationship does not appear to be linear.

(b) Quiz scores are dependent on several variables such as
study time, class attendance, etc. These variables may
change from one quiz to the next.
10. (a) Linear model: H  0.3323t  612.9333
(b)

The model fits well.

(c) If t  2.5, s  24.65 meterssecond.
12. (a) S  180.89x 2  205.79x  272
(b)

600

1300
0

45
1

25000

14

0
0

The fit is very good.

(c) When t  500,
H  0.3323500  612.9333  446.78.

(c) When x  2, S  583.98 pounds.

Review Exercises for Chapter P

14. (a) t  0.00271s2  0.0529s  2.671
(b)

16. (a) T  2.9856  104 p3  0.0641 p2  5.2826p  143.1

(b)

21

100

20

350

0
150

110

(c) The curve levels off for s < 20.

(c) For T  300F, p  68.29 pounds per square inch.

(d) t  0.002s2  0.0346s  0.183

(d) The model is based on data up to 100 pounds per

square inch.

21

100

0
0

The model is better for low speeds.

18. (a) Ht  84.4  4.28 sin

6t  3.86

(c)

100

One model is
Ct  58  27 sin
(b)

6t  4.1.

13

0
0

100

(d) The average in Honolulu is 84.4.

The average in Chicago is 58.
0

(e) The period is 12 months (1 year).

13
0

(f) Chicago has greater variability 27 > 4.28.

20. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises for Chapter P

2. y  x  1x  3
x  0 y  0  10  3  3 0, 3

297

y-intercept

y  0 0  x  1x  3 x  1, 3 1, 0, 3, 0

4. xy  4
x  0 and y  0 are both impossible. No intercepts.

x-intercepts
6. Symmetric with respect to y-axis since
y  x4  x2  3
y  x4  x2  3.

298

Chapter P

Preparation for Calculus

8. 4x  2y  6
y  2x  3

2x  15y  25

2
y   15
x  53

Slope: 2

10
8

2
Slope:  15

y-intercept: 3

y-intercept:

5
3

4
2

1
2

12. y  x6  x

10. 0.02x  0.15y  0.25

y
x

x
2

1
2

12

1
2

14. y  x  4  4

3 x  6
16. y  8 

18.

x  1  x2  7

Xmin = -40
Xmax = 40
Xscl = 10
Ymin = -40
Ymax = 40
Yscl = 10

1
1

2
3
4

yx1
0  x2  x  6
No real solution
No points of intersection
The graphs of y  x  1 and
y  x2  7 do not intersect.

5
6

20. y  kx3
(a) 4  k13 k  4 and y  4x3

(b) 1  k23 k   18 and y   18 x3

(c) 0  k03 any k will do!

(d) 1  k13 k  1 y  x3

22.

24.

y
14

3
4

3  t 11

(7, 12)

12
10
8
6

44  9  3t

4
2
2

36
3  1

3  t
3  8

(7, 1)

53  3t
t

The line is vertical and has no slope.

53
3

Review Exercises for Chapter P

26. y  6  0x  2

28. m is undefined. Line is vertical.

x5

y  6 Horizontal line

y
6

(2, 6)

2
4

(5, 4)

299

4
x
2

x
2

2
4
6

2
y  3   x  1
3

30. (a)

32. (a) C  9.25t  13.50t  36,500

 22.75t  36,500

3y  9  2x  2

(b) R  30t

2x  3y  11  0
(b) Slope of perpendicular line is 1.

(c)

30t  22.75t  36,500

7.25t  36,000

y  3  1x  1

t  5034.48 hours to break even.

yx2
0xy2
m

(c)

43
1
21

y  3  1x  1
yx2
0xy2
y3

(d)

y30
34. x2  y  0

36. x  9  y2

Function of x since there is one value for y for each x.

y

Not a function of x since there are two values of y for

some x.
y

6
4

5
4

12 9 6 3
1

1
3

x
3

12

x
1

3
4

38. (a) f 4  42  2  18



f 1  1  2  1

(because 4 < 0)

40. f x  1  x2 and gx  2x  1

(b) f 0  0  2  2

(a) f x  gx  1  x2  2x  1  x2  2x

(c)

(b) f xgx  1  x22x  1  2x3  x2  2x  1

(c) g f x  g1  x2  21  x2  1  3  2x2