Pg-298 =16

4,5-sd pg-

2)Novas--probs,P&C,graphs,
3)Grubbers--functions,axioms,sets Geometry covers examples on triangle similarity & congruency, so its worth going
through.



1. When you multiply or divide both sides of an equation with
a negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol must change. That IS, if
x > y, then -x < -y.
2. To find the total angle of ___gon = (n-2) x 180 where n= no of sides

3. If you have been given a total fig(U) which is divided into 2 parts(A & B), some elements of
a part may be repeated in the other(R), and some elements may not feature at all in these
parts(N) hence,
U-A-B+R-N = 0
4. Percentage point= percentage difference.
5. Probability = P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A*B)
P(AUBUC) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(A&B)-P(B&C)-P(C&A)+P(A&B&C)
6. interquartile range means difference between third quartile and first quartile
7. Important Notes on Standard Deviation
1) Adding or subtracting a constant from each element in the set has no effect on standard
deviation. Remains the same

2) Multiplying the elements of a set with an absolute value greater than 1 increases the standard
deviation

3) Dividing the elements of a set with an absolute value greater than 1 decreases the std deviation

4)Changing the signs of the element of a set or multiplying by -1 has no effect on std deviation. Remains
the same
8. In a cyclic quadrilateral opp sides total is always 180 degrees
9. Incirle/Inradius for Angle bisector
10. a^2 + a^3 is not equal to a^5
11. Million has six zeros 1000000 , billion has 9 zeros 1000000000
12. 1mile=5,280 feet
13. Parenthesis, exponentiation, negation, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction
14. On the GRE the square root sign ALWAYS refers to the positive root. Which means sqrt(4) is only
+2 but x^2 = 4 then answer can be +2 or -2.
15. 0 degree is not defined.
16. no .of derangements = n!(1/0! - 1/1! + 1/2! - 1/3! ..... (-1)^n/n!)
For n=4
no .of derangements = 4!(1/0! - 1/1! +1/2! - 1/3! +1/4!)
= 24(1 - 1 + 1/2 - 1/6 + 1/24)
= 24(9/24)
9
therefore probability = 9/24 = 3/8
17. Every value of a discrete random variable X, say X=a has a probability denoted by P(a).A
histogram (table) showing all of values of X and their P(X) is called probability of X.The
mean of the random variable of X is the sum of the products XP(X) and all the values of
X.
18. When the term profit is used in a question, it refers to gross profit, which is the sales revenue minus
the cost of production. The profit does not involve any other amounts unless they are explicitly given.
19. if an answer to a question requires converting one unit of measurement to another, then the
relationship between the units is given in the question, unless the relationship is a common

20. 25 is a multiple of only six integers: 1, 5, 25, and their negatives.

21. Since decimals donot terminate or repeat they are irrational nos.

22. |a+b| <= |a|+|b| This is known as the triangle inequality.

23.

24. the expression gives the x-coordinate of the vertex of the parabola given in
standard form standard form, y = ax
2
+ bx + c
25. If one side of an inscribed triangle is a diameter of the circle, as in triangle XYZ above, then the
triangle is a right triangle. Conversely, if an inscribed triangle is a right triangle, then one of its sides
is a diameter of the circle.

26. the more the data are spread away from the mean, the greater the standard deviation; and the more
the data are clustered around the mean, the lesser the standard deviation.

27. Mode = 3 median - 2 mean for slightly symmetrical situations only not for bell
curve

28. A Reflex Angle is more than 180 but less than 360

29. Opposite angles in a parallelogram are same

30. For a given perimeter, the rectangle with the largest area is a square. For a given area, the
rectangle with the smallest perimeter is a square.

31. For no of diagonals of polygon of n sides nC2 n

32. The total number of ways of dividing n identical items (a sum of 5 in our case)
among r persons or objects (4 digit places in our case), each one of which can
receive 0, 1, 2 or more items (from zero to 5 in our case) is n+r-1Cr-1.
Therefore, the required combination is 5+4-1C4-1= 8C3= 8!/5!.3!= 56.

33. True discount = (total amount after x yrs initial amount) for SI

34. length of diagonal of isosceles trapezium is (ab+c^2 )^(1/2)
in which a & b are two opposite parallel sides and c is the 2 parallel
sides

35. How to check if a no is rational or irrational- 1. Reduce the no to
numerator/denominator form such that is not be further reduced then if the
denominator is one these- Terminate: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 64, 100 then
only it terminates

36.


37. To find out no of integers coming between A and B nos inclusive, use following
formula B - A+1.

38. If a percentage is given then take it always with respect to 1, for example 3% = 0.03
(of 1)

39. To get a larger standard deviation increase the spread by taking out the mean and
get lower standard deviation by eliminating the extreme values

40.


41.

Lateral Surface Area


Definition of Lateral Surface Area
Lateral surface area in a solid is the sum of the surface areas of all its faces excluding the base
of the solid.
More about Lateral Surface Area
Lateral surface area of a cube = 4b2, where b is the base of a cube
Lateral surface area of a sphere is 4r
2
, where r is the radius of the sphere.
Lateral surface area of a cone = r l, where r and l are the radius and slant height of the
cone
Lateral surface area of a cylinder = 2rh, where r is the radius and h is the height of the
cylinder
Lateral surface area of the right triangular pyramid = 3 area of lateral faces
Lateral surface area of a pentagonal prism = 5 area of each rectangle










42. Square root refers to only positive square root.


43.


44. Range in statistics is given by: max term in the set least term in the set

45.

46.

47.


48. Pythagorean triplets:


49. Types of triangle and their sides:


50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.


59. Any given amount is a larger percentage of a smaller number than it is of a bigger
number.(DI)

60.


61.


62. DECIMALS

63.

64. For function y = f(x):


65. GRAPH shifts(to shift graph:):


66.

67.


68. 16 is + 4 times greater + than + 4 i.e. 16/4 = 4 times greater 'than'
read it as : 16 is + 12 greater + by + 4 i.e. 4+12 = 16 ...'by'

69. There are 40% as many men as women means -> 40% = m/w

63. A divisor must always be greater than the remainder.

64. Revenue = profit + C.p

65. Average concept.








66. For any evenly spaced set, the median equals mean.

67. Definition of a mutually exclusive event
If event A happens, then event B cannot, or vice-versa. The two events "it rained on
Tuesday" and "it did not rain on Tuesday" are mutually exclusive events. When calculating
the probabilities for exclusive events you add the probabilities.
Independent events
The outcome of event A, has no effect on the outcome of event B. Such as "It rained on
Tuesday" and "My chair broke at work". When calculating the probabilities for independent
events you multiply the probabilities. You are effectively saying what is the chance of both
events happening bearing in mind that the two were unrelated.

68. A square is one type of rectangle. As the definition of rectangle says that all sides are at right
angle to one another.
69. 25 is a multiple of only six integers: 1, 5, 25, and their negatives.

70.

71.




72.


73.


74. This means that in the standard form(Parabola), y = ax
2
+ bx + c, the expression gives
the x-coordinate of the vertex.

75. Inscribed angle subtended by same chord is always same:

76. A list can have repetitions while a set cannot.

77.


For such a problem where number of data points are odd the median is not taken in either lower
or upper half for forming quartiles.

78.

78.


79.



80.



81.


82.Area of a triangle can range from 0 to the area when 2 sides are perpendicular to each other.



83.


84.


85. When x is divided by 3, the remainder is 1. When x is divided by 7, the remainder is 2. How many
positive integers less than 100 could be values for x?
4
86.
cons a rectangle and three straight lines drawn over it.. with the straight line
intersecting each other inside the rectngle.. what is the maximum number of portions
the rectangle can be cut into, using these three st lines..

Ans- (n(n+1)/2)+1

87.





88.



89.


90.


Surface area of cylinder is 2pi r h + 2pi r^2




GEOMETRY :-








Third side length rule:-











































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Question 15
If all the members of the Auto Mechanics Association who held advanced degrees and all
the members of the Auto Mechanics Association who had at least 5 children voted for a
measure, how many more votes were needed to gain a majority?
-173
-344
-556
-636
-It cannot be determined from the information given.
15. E There is not enough information given to answer this question since all, some, or
none of
the members who hold advanced degrees could also have 5 or more children.


3. C Although Airline A has fewer airplanes than does Airline B, you have no information
about each airlines customers; choice (A) is incorrect. While the percent of airplanes
purchased by Airline B is twice as large as that purchased by Airline A, the actual number of
airplanes purchased by Airline B is approximately four times as large as those for Airline A,
not twice as large. So, choice (B) is incorrect. To evaluate choice (C), you need to add the
percents in each column year by year until you get to 50%. The airplane with the median
age for Airline A was purchased in 1997. For Airline B, the median is between 1995 and
1996, making the median age for the airplanes in Airline Bs inventory older. This validates
choice (C), the only correct
answer.





4. C, D, and E
Ignore the population growth: The question is asked in per capita terms, so its asking
about the population as a whole. Coal production was 25 in 1979, when, according to the
graph, coal represented 27% of energy; since 25 is 27% of 92.6, the total energy was 92.6
in 1979, and double that, or 185.2, in 2004. The lower end of the range is oil, at about 17%,
and 17% of 185.2 is about 31.5; the upper end of the range is coal, at about 34%, or about
63. Choices (C),(D), and (E) fall within the range.

11. B, C, E, and F
One standard deviation captures 68% of the data points, or 34% in each direction from the
mean. For this question, that means that 68% of the months of the year will have average
high temperatures within one standard deviation of the annual average high temperature.
12 68% = 8.16, so 8 months will be within one standard deviation. Standard deviation
assumes a normal (balanced on the high and low ends) distribution, so the 2 months with
the greatest average monthly high temperature and the 2 with the lowest average monthly
high temperature will fall outside of one standard deviation. To answer the questions, use
POE to eliminate the 2 most extreme months on each end. (Note that you dont have to
calculate anything to find the correct answers.) It is clear that January has the lowest
average high temperature, so eliminate choice (A). February probably comes next, but it
doesnt matter since neither it nor December is an answer choice. November is definitely
not one of the two months
with the lowest average high temperatures, so choice (F) is in. July has the highest average
high temperature, so eliminate choice (D). Whether June or August is second doesnt matter
for us because neither is an answer choice, but that means March, May, September, and
November all make the cut.
Question 11
If 4 a 9, and 3 b 2, then what is the greatest possible value of a b ?

11.12You are being asked to subtract the a and b terms. Be careful that you dont just
combine the largest value of a with the largest value of b to get a b = 9 2 = 7, the wrong
answer. When you combine inequalities, you have to make four calculations to check the
four possibilities. Subtract the smallest values of a and b: 4 (3) = 1. Subtract the
largest values of a and b: 9 2 = 7. Subtract the smallest value of a and the largest value of
b: 4 2 = 6. Subtract the largest value of a and the smallest value of b: 9 (3) = 12. Of the
four possible values above, the greatest possible value is 12.

Question 14
If 12 < x < 2 and 3 < y < 6, which of the following could equal xy ?
Indicate all possible values.
36
27
14.5
6
1.5
0
1.5

14. A, B, and C
The lower boundary for xy is 12 6, or 72, and the upper boundary is 2 3 = 6. Any
values between 72 and 6 work. Be careful about choice (D): The value has to be greater
than 6, so 6 itself doesnt count.




12. A There are a total of 63 = 216 total possible rolls for the three dice. First figure out the
probability of getting exactly two 1s. There are 5 3 = 15 ways this could happen: 112,
113, 114, 115, 116; 121, 131, 141, 151, 161; or 211, 311, 411, 511, 611. You could repeat
this list of 15 possibilities in the obvious way for exactly two 2s, exactly two 3s, and so on.
Thus, the total number of favorable rolls is 6 15 = 90. Because there are 216 possible
rolls, 90 of which are favorable, the probability of getting exactly two of the three dice to
show the same number is 90/216 = 5/12




8. C To find the pattern in each sequence, write out the units digit of the first few terms in
the sequence. The pattern for the units digit of powers of 7 is: 7, 9, 3, 1. The pattern for the
units digit of powers of 3 is: 3, 9, 7, 1. For both numbers, 1 repeats as the units digit every 4
powers, so the 4th power will have a units digit of 1, as will the 8th, the 12th, and so on.
Because 28 is a multiple of 4, you know that 728 will have a units digit of 1. So moving
forward one in the pattern, 729 will have a units digit of 7. Similarly, 328 will have a units digit
of 1, so moving backward one in the pattern, 327 must have a units digit of 7. The quantities
are equal, so the answer is choice (C).





12. E The equation 3 2n1 follows a pattern. When n = 1, the result is 3. When n = 2, the
result is 6. When n = 3, the result is 12. When n = 4, the result is 24. When n = 5, the result is
48. When n = 6, the result is 96. Beginning with the second term, the final digit in each
result follows the pattern: 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 8, etc. The 25th term will thus end in the same
digit as all the other kth terms, where k is one greater than a multiple of 4. Thus, the (4 +
1)th, (8+1)th, (12+1)th.(24+1)th terms all have a final digit of 8, and the only answer in
which that is true is choice (E).



Question 1
Six state governors meet at an annual convention. They line up in random order to pose for
a photograph. If the governors of Alaska and Hawaii are among the six governors, how
many different ways can the governors line up for the picture so that these two governors
are adjacent?
5
10
120
240
720

1. Two members(A & B) are always together hence we need to find permutation of 5 that is
5x4x3x2x1 = 120 but as the 2 members can be arranged as AB or BA we need to multiply
120 with 2, hence the final ans 120x2 = 240.


Question 14
Paul and Allen are choosing ties out of a selection of three distinct red ties, five distinct
green ties, and six distinct blue ties. If Paul and Allen each wear one tie, how many different
ways could they wear ties of the same color?

14. 56 This problem involves permutations, because the order matters since the ties are all
distinct. Start with Paul wearing a red tie. He has 3 red tie choices and Allen has 2
remaining red tie choices, giving them a product of 6 permutations. For green ties, they
have 5 4 = 20 permutations. For blue ties, they have 6 5 = 30 permutations. The grand
total is 56 permutations



1. A Use Process of Elimination to solve this one. First, only coordinate pairs with a
positive - xvalue and a negative y-value will fall in the proper quadrant, so eliminate
choices (B), (C), and (E). The line that divides the correct quadrant into shaded and
unshaded regions has a slope of 1 because it goes through the origin and the point
(10, 10). On this line, the absolute value of the x-coordinate equals the absolute
value of the y-coordinate. In the shaded region, then, |x| > |y|, so choice (D) can be
eliminated. Only choice (A) remains. Alternatively, realize that this figure is drawn
accurately, because of the placement of (10, 10), and plot all 5 points, eliminating
all of those that fall outside the shaded region.



if an integer n is chosen from the integers 1 through 72, what is the probability that n(n+1)(n+2) will be
divisible by 8?

a. 1/4
b. 3/8
c. 1/2
d. 5/8
e. 3/4


you take If any 3 consecutive numbers: n, n+1, n+2; We will have two cases, either n
is odd or n is even

Case a: n is odd
If n is odd, then n+2 will also be odd and n+1 will be even
As both n and n+2 are odd, they wont count
Therfore for n(n+1)(n+2) to be divisible by 8, n+1 must be a multiple of 8.
Between 1 & 72, no. of multiples of 8 = 9
(i.e., n+1 = 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,72
=> n = 7,15,23,31,39,47,55,63,71)

Case b: n is even
If n is even, n+1 is odd and n+2 is even
and one among n & n+2 will also be a multiple of 4.
example: 6,7,8 => 8 is a multiple of 4
20,21,22 => 20 is a multiple of 4
therfore, when we multiple n and n+2 we will automaticall get a multiple of 8.
no. of even number between 1 & 72 = 36

Total no. of possible choices for n = 72
No. of choices for n to make n(n+1)(n+2) a multiple of 8 = 9+36 = 45

so, probability = 45/72 = 5/8






















9. N {12,18,2,6}
P {1,4,2,3}
If n and p are to be selected at random from sets N and P respectively, what is the probability that n/2p
will be a member of set P?



Correct Answer: 3/8 OR 6/16
Explanation:
n can take four different values, each of which can be combined with the four possible values for p. This
gives us 16 possible pairs.
Now find out how many of these pairs can give a value for n/2p which is in set P.
If n = 12 and p = 2 the expression gives 12/4 = 3 which is in set P. Similarly n=12 and p = 3 works out to
2, which is in the set.
With n = 18, p can be 3. With n = 2, p can be 1. With n = 6, p can be 1, or 3
This gives us 6 pairs out of 16 = 3/8




1. The distance from town A to town B is five miles. C is six miles from B. Which of the following could be
the distance from A to C?

Indicate ALL such distances.
A. 11
B. 7
C. 1
Correct Answer: ABC
Explanation:
Do not assume that AB and C are on a straight line. Make a diagram with A and B marked 5 miles apart.
Draw a circle centered on B, with radius 6. C could be anywhere on this circle. The minimum distance will
be 1, and maximum 11, but anywhere in between is possible.


Four men and four women are to be seated around a circular table such that no two men are together, in
how many ways can they be seated ?

men can be seated in 'n' number of ways and the women then gets limited to just 'n-1' number of ways to be seated... here
'n' is 4...so the answer is 4!*3!


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Ans - b