Solutions to 2012 Post Prelim Paper

Section A
DBBBB CCCDB
BCBDC CBDCD
ABCA
Section B
1(a) Though magnitude of velocity is constant, its direction is changing,
therefore the body undergoes centripetal acceleration !1"
According to #e$ton%s &
nd
la$, there must be a resultant force $hich acts to provide the
acceleration !1"
(b) a ' r (
&
' )1* + (,-)
&

' 1)1 m s
.&
!&"
(ii) force ' ma ' )&) + 1) ' &) # !1"
(iii) 1 / and D directions correct !1"
resultant smaller than D
& / and D directions correct !1"
same si0e resultant
1 D correct direction !1"
resultant hori0ontal
Si0e of resultant may be indicated by relative si0es of arro$s or use e2ns to illustrate
&(a) (i) 1 / by gas from B to C' 34 ' 56 7 1)
5
(118&))71)
85

' *1 9 !&"
(ii) / by gas from D to A ' ) 9 !1"
(b)
81 mar: for each $rong ans$er !5"
&15
8111
)
8*1 1,1
8,5 ;,5
1 (a)(i) Any 4<= '>* !1"
(ii) graph curves up$ards or ratio 4<= increases for filament lamp !1"
(b) (i) resistance of X changes (as S is moved) and changes I or V of lamp !1"
increasing resistance of X reduces current through Y < reduces pd across Y < reduces po$er of Y !1"
(ii)
position of S on ? current<A po$er in @</
at A 2.0 24
at B )>) 2.1
1 mar: for each correct ans$er !1"
C (a) H
2
1
; H
3
1
He
4
2
; n
1
0
!1"
(b) reactants massD &)1C1 ; 1)1*) ' 5)1)1 u
products massD C))&* ; 1)),* ' 5)11& u
so mass defect ' 5)1)1 8 5)11& ' ))1,> u
' ))1,> + 1** + 1)
8&6
:g ' 11C + 1)
8&>
:g !1"
energy ' m c
&
!1"
' 11C + 1)
8&>
+ (1)) + 1)
,
)
&
' &,& + 1)
81&
9 !1"
(c) average neutron :e ' ,)<1)) + &,1 + 1)
81&
' &&* + 1)
81&
9 !1"
(d)
&)E of energy is carried by the other product particle Felium $hich has bigger mass but smaller
speed(due to CGH) and since :e ' I m v
&
deduces that faster moving neutron carries more energy
than Fe !&"
part of the &)E energy could be carried by gamma ray emitted during fusion (bonus mar:)
5 (a) loo:s li:e diffraction<interference<superposition of light $ith
and destructive<constructive pattern !1"
this implies that electrons can be considered as a $ave (function) !1"
so they have dual properties<$ave8particle duality !1"
ie sometimes be considered as a particle and sometimes as a $ave motion
(b) Jy is uncertainty in position, therefore lin:ed to slit $idth !1"
The uncertainty in y8momentum(p@) gives each electron a momentum (velocity)
perpendicular to the original direction !1"
The process is random so the beam spreads out $ith some electrons going to
;y and some to .y !1"
&
Section C
6(a) (i) lines from A to B normal to plate and equal spacing (at least 4 lines) [1]
(ii) K ' 1*)<)),) ' &) + 1)
1
4 m
81
!1"
(iii)
1 correct directions $ith line of action of arro$s passing through charges !1"
& force L ' 2K
' 1& + 1)
815
7 &) + 1)
1

' &C + 1)
81&
# !&"
1 tor2ue ' force + perpendicular separation
' &C + 1)
81&
+ &5 + 1)
81
+ sin15M
' 1C(C) + 1)815 # m !&"
C dipole rotates to align $ith the field !1"
$ith the positive charge nearer to the earthed plate<cloc:$ise !1"
(b)
(i)Hagnetic Llu7 density is force per unit current per unit length $hen the conductor is placed
perpendicularly to the field !&"
(ii) L is to$ards open end of tube,
using Llemings AF Bule !1"
(iii) L'B=$ !1"
(iv) L ' )157,))7)))&5
' 1) # !&"
(v)
1 An emf<voltage is induced across moving li2uid metal as it cuts lines of flu7 !1"
4oltage is proportional to rate of cutting of flu7<flu7 change per unit time !1"
Bate of cutting of flu7 is proportional to area of metal moving through the field per unit
time<proportional to speed !1"
& Llu7 lin:age doubles, so by Laraday%s la$, induced emf doubles !&"
1
6 (a)both transverse<longitudinal<same type
meet at a point,
same direction of polarisation, etc1 each, !1"
(b)(i) =ncident and reflected $aves superpose $ith the incident $aves superpose<interfere to form a
stationary $ave !1"
$hich consists of nodes and antinodes bet$een the source and the $all at regular intervals !1"
The microphone H detects a loud sound at the nodes(ma7imum pressure variation) and a soft sound
at the antnodes !1"
(ii) /avelength of sound $aves =
f
v
'
250
330
' 11& m !1"
Distance bet$een & adNacent antinodes ' I = )**) m !1"
Fence fre2uency of fluctuations '
)**)
1)
' 15 F0 !1"
(c) (i) &7Amplitude ' &, m !1"
(ii) s )))1)
&5)
1
C
1
C
1
= = = x T t !&"
(d)(i) a constant phase difference bet$een $aves !1"
(ii) Hinimum at O comes about because the t$o $aves from S1 and SC arrive at O in
antiphase causing destructive interference !1"
Since this is the first minimum, the path difference bet$een the t$o $aves is
I = I ()1)) ' ))5) m !1"
(iii) a7 ' D $here 7 is the bright fringe separation
)&5 7 ' )1) 7 1&
7 ' )C, m
Fence, distance 3O ' I 7 ' I ()C,) ' )&C m !1"
(iv) Aight $aves from the bulbs are emitted randomly and in short bursts, resulting in
changes in phase difference of the $aves
Since the & sources are not coherent, interference effect is not observable !&"
C
, (a)
3hoton carries energy hf gives energy to e !1"
Klectron needs !a minimum" energy P to escape !1"
Bemainder of photon%s energy given to electron as QK !1"
!QKma7 corresponds to minimum energy P to escape"
(b)
(i) ma7 Q K ' **1+1)
R1C
+ 6>>+1)
1C
8 C>6+1)
R1>
9 !1"
' 1&6 + 1)
R &)
9 !1"
(ii) 3hoton energy ' CC6 + 1)
R1>
9 S P , so no emission !1"
(iii) =ncreasing intensity $ould increase the rate of incident photons falling on the surface, $hich $ill
increase the rate of electrons emitted
Since each photon still carry the same energy hf, the ma7 :e is not affected !&"
(iv)
ma7 :e
f<F0
65) 7 1)
1C
F0
Ainear trace $ith positive gradient, touching 7 a7is at threshold fre2uency !1"
Threshold fre2 calculated<indicated at 65) 7 1)
1C
F0 !1"
(c) (i) lifetime of e in metastable state is longer than normal, say about 1)
81
s !1"
(ii) stimulated emission re2uires an incident photon of the same fre2uency as the emitted photon to
stimulate the transition !1"
The resultant beam consist of & photons in phase < travel in same direction < have same f, T or !1"
Spontaneous emission does not need any e7ternal help<transition on its o$n accord !1"
(ii)fraction '
U level to atom e7cite to used energy
energy photon light laser of
'
1, 8
81,
1&>671)
&>,1)71) 8 (1&>6
'))>5 !1"
(iii) K ' hc< ' hc<K '
1, 8
81, 81C
&>,171)
71) 1 7 **171)
'**671)
8,
m !&" uv region !1"
(iii)
Hirrors cause light to traverse cavity !or Fe#e etc" to and fro !1"
increasing chances of stimulated emission < increases amplification <
5
increases intensity !1"
!or any other correct point, eg resonant selection of particular T"
*