VII Science 1 Semester 2014 -2015

I Mcq
CH-3
1 Which of the following is a food storage stem?
Ans Sweet potato
2 Which of the following is a food storage stem?
Ans Ginger
3 In whose leaf is food stored?
Ans onion
4 In which plant are stilt roots seen?
Ans sugarcane
5 Whose stem performs the function of food synthesis the function of food synthesis?
Ans opuntia
6 Which organ is modified into spine in opuntia?
Ans leaf
7 What is called the kitchen of the plant?
Ans leaf
8 Which organ of the plant performs the function of transpiration?
Ans leaf
9 Which gas does the plant release during the process of photosynthesis?
Ans oxygen
10 Which is not required in the process of photosynthesis?
Ans oxygen
CH-4
11 At which temperature is pure water converted into solid form by cooling?
Ans 0 c
12 At water temperature does pure water boil?
Ans 100 c
13 What happens when a piece of ice is placed in water?
Ans Floats
14 What is water?
Ans Compound
15 Which are the component elements of water?
Ans Hydrogen and oxygen
16 which gas is produced at anode (at positive pole) by electrolysis of water?
Ans Hydrogen
17 What is the proportion by volume of hydrogen gas oxygen gas during electrolysis of water?
Ans 2:1
18 Which substance is added to remove the hardness of water?
Ans Washing soda
19 Which gas is passed in water to make water germ-free in big cities?
Ans Chlorine
20 Which substance is added to water to get clay particles of muddy water settled quickly?
Ans Bleaching powder
21 Due to what is the hardness of water?
Ans Dissolved salts
22 Which water is considered as pure water?
Ans Rain water.
L 5
23 How many nutrient substances does the plant get from the soil?
A 7 B) 9 C) 13 D) 1
24) Which instrument is used to plough the soil?
A Hoe B) plough C) khurpi D) sickle
24) To add organic substances in soil
A Spray insecticide
B) Give chemical fertilizer
C) Give dung manure
D) Give water
25) What should be done to maintain soil fertility?
A Use of excessive chemical fertilizer
B To rotate the crop
C Same crop repeatedly taken
D Use of excess of chemical insecticides
26 Which of the following is an artificial fertilizer?
Dung manure
B oilseed cake
C Urea
D Green manure
27 By which irrigation method is 40 to 60 % of water saved?
A Drip-irrigation method
B Fountain-irrigation method
C Dorian-irrigation method
D Water channels method
28 Minimum erosion occurs in which soil?
A With steps
B With horizontal method
C With one side slope
D With grass covered
L 6
29) Which is the structural and functional unit of a living organism?
D) CELL
30) Which of the following is a plant cell?
C) Onion cell
31) Which of the following organelles is not present in plant cell?
D) Controlee
32) Which of the following organelles is not present in an animal cell?
C) Cell wall
33) Which of the following is a unicellular plant?
D) Yeast
34) Which of the following is not a unicellular organism?
D) Mosquito
35) Which organelle of cell is known as power house of a cell?
A) Mitochondrion
36) Which cell organelle plays a significant role in protein synthesis?
B) Ribosome
37) Which of the following organelle is not present in the nucleus?
B) Mitochondrion
L-7
38) Which type of motion is the motion of a fruit falling from the tree?
A Random motion
B Linear motion
C Circular motion
D Oscillatory motion
39) Which type of motion is the motion of the hands of the clock?
A Random motion
B Linear motion
C Circular motion
D Oscillatory motion
40) Which type of motion is the motion a swinging cradle?
A Random motion
B Linear motion
C Circular motion
D Oscillatory motion
41) Which of the following is the periodic motion?
A Motion of a flying mosquito
B Motion of a freely falling stone
C Motion of a spinning top
D Motion of a pendulum of a clock
42) Which of the following is an oscillatory motion?
A Motion of paddle of a moving bicycle
B Motion of hands of a runner
C Bicycle moving on a straight path
D Motion of earth around the sun
43) Which of the following is a unit of speed?
A Meter
B Meter/second
C Second/meter
D All the given
44) What is an external effect with changes the state of motion called?
A Force
B Speed
C Motion
D Work
45) Which force will you use to lift goods?
A Muscular force
B Frictional force
C Gravitational force
D Magnetic force
L-8
46) Digestion of which component of food starts in the buckle cavity?
A. Starch B. Lipid C. Vitamin D. Protein
47) Who performs the churning of food?
A Buccal cavity B Stomach C Small intestine D Esophagus
48) Which component of food is partially digested in stomach?
A Carbohydrates B Lipids C Proteins D Mineral salt
49) IN which organ does the food remain for maximum time?
A Stomach B Buccal cavity C Esophagus D Small intestine
50) Which organ of digestive system does not produce digestive system?
A Buccal cavity B Stomach C Large intestine D Small intestine
51) Which organ is located at the end of digestive system?
A Small intestine B Rectum C Duodenum D Large intestine
52) Which is an accessory digestive organ?
A Oesophagus B Stomach C Large intestine D Pancreas
53) Which of the following is an organ of respiratory system?
A Heart B Lungs C Liver D Buccal cavity
54) IN whose structure are the C shaped rings of cartilage found?
A Trachea B Esophagus
C Nose D Bronchi
55) What are numerous small structures like a bunch of grapes in lungs called?
A Blood capillaries B Air sacs (Alveoli)
C Cartilages D Bronchioles
56) What is the main and important organ of respiratory system?
A Nose B Trachea C Lungs D Bronchi
57) Who brings the blood to the heart from various organs?
A Artery B Vein C Capillaries D Lungs
58) Which component of the blood protects the body against diseases?
A Blood plasma B) Red blood corpuscles
C White blood corpuscles D) Blood platelets
59) Which component of blood helps in the process of blood coagulation?
Red blood corpuscles
B White blood corpuscles
C Blood platelets
D Hemoglobin
60) Where is tricuspid valve in heart?
A Between right atrium and right ventricle
B Between right atrium and left atrium
C Between left ventricle and right atrium
D Between left atrium and left ventricle
Answer the following
CH-3
1. Which organ performs the function to anchor the plant into the soil?
Answer Roots performs the function to anchor the plant into the soil.
2. What is absorbed from the soil through the roots of plant?
Answer Water and mineral salts are absorbed from the soil through the roots of plant.
3. What are stilt roots?
Answer Adventitious roots seen on the stem of some plants which provides mechanical support are called
stilt roots egg. Sugar cane and maize.
4. Which gas makes supernatant of limewater milky?
Answer Carbon-dioxide makes supernatant of limewater milky.
5. Give five examples of underground stems?
Answer Underground stems are potato, ginger, turmeric, amorphophallus and corn of colossi.
6. In which plants stem perform a function of food synthesis?
Answer In pointier stem perform a function of food synthesis
7. Which gas is utilized and which gas is set free in the process of respiration?
Answer Oxygen gas is utilized and carbon-dioxide gas is set free in the process of respiration
8. What are small pores like structure occurring on surfaces of plant called?
Answer Small pore-like structures occurring on surfaces of plant are called stomata.
9. Write names of components essential for the process of photosynthesis?
Answer the names of components essential for the process of photosynthesis are carbon-dioxide, water,
sunlight and chloroplast.
10. Give two examples of food-storing leaf.
Answer Onion, garlic and cabbage are the two examples of food-storing leaf.
CH-4
11. What is the freezing point of the water?
Answer - 0 degree c is the freezing point of the water.
12. Which instrument is use for electrolyses of water?
Answer Volta meter is used for electrolyses of water.
13. Gas produced at cathode (negative pole) by electrolysis of water?
Answer- Hydrogen gas is produced at cathode (negative pole) by electrolysis of water.
14. Which pole do we get oxygen gas during electrolysis of water?
Answer we get oxygen gas during electrolysis of water at anode (positive pole).
15. Which instrument is used for removing dissolved impurities in drinking water?
Answer- RO plant is used for removing dissolved impurities in drinking water.
16. Which solvent is considered as universal solvent?
Answer Water is considered as universal solvent.
17. Which four solid substance that is soluble in water?
Answer- Sugar, salt, alum, washing soda are four solid substances that are soluble in water.
18. Which instrument is used to purify water nowadays?
Answer Ro plant (reverse osmosis) is used to purify water nowadays.
L-5
19. What is sloughing?
Answer the method of making soil soft and porous and turning it upside down with plough before sowing
seeds is called ploughing.
20. Which implement is mainly used for sowing?
Answer Drill is mainly used for sowing.
21. Give the name of equipment used to remove seeds?
Answer Equipments used to remove seeds are khurpi, sickle, and hoe.
22 .Fertilizers containing which nutrient are not required for leguminous plants?
Answer Nitrogen containing fertilizers is not required for leguminous plants.
23. Give the name of one insecticide sprayed over crops?
Answer Marathon and BHC (Benzene Hex Chloride) are the names of insecticide sprayed on crops.
24. What is called intercropping?
Answer the raising of two or more crops on the same land in alternate rows is called intercropping.
25. In which irrigation method does maximum wastage of water occurs?
Answer In channel irrigation maximum wastage of water occurs.
26. Which irrigation method should be used in arid regions where there is water scarcity?
Answer Drip irrigation method should be used in arid regions where there is water scarcity.
L-6
27. Name the scientist who first gave the information about the cell.
Answer Scientist Robert Hook gave the information about the cell first.
28. Which instrument is used to observe the cell?
Answer Microscope is used to observe the cell.
29. Which instrument is used to observe ultra-microscopic organelles present in the cells?
Answer Electron Microscope is used to observe ultra-microscopic organelles present in the cells.
30. What is the cell wall in the plant cell made up of?
Answer Cellulose is the cell wall in the plant cell made up of.
31. Who regulates the various processes occurring in the cell?
Answer Nucleus regulates the various processes occurring in the cell.
32. Which is the centre for biological processes in the cell?
Answer Cytoplasm is the centre for biological processes in the cell.
33. Which organelle of the cell regulates the transport of different materials entering or leaving the cell?
Answer Organelle of the cell regulates the transport of different materials entering or leaving the cell is cell
membrane.
34. Which organelle of the cell possesses digestive enzymes?
Answer Lissome organelle of the cell possesses digestive enzymes.
35. Which stain is used to observe the nucleus of the onion cell clearly?
Answer Ethylene blue is used to observe the nucleus of the onion cell clearly.
L-7
36. Which type of motion is the motion of a spinning top?
Answer Circular motion is the motion of a spinning top.
37. Which type of motion is the motion of a pendulum of the clock?
Answer Oscillatory motion is the motion of a pendulum of the clock.
38. What is called periodic change?
Answer The motion of an object completing one revolution in a certain time interval is called periodic
change.
39. State two units of speed.
Answer Two units of speed are:
1. Kilometer per hour.
2. Meter per second.
40. What can you say about speed of an object that takes less time to travel the definite distance?
Answer we can say that speed is more of an object that takes less time to travel the definite distance.
41. What is to be done to move the table in the classroom?
Answer we have to apply force (push or pull) to move the table in the classroom.
42. What is of an object that takes less time to travel the definite distance?
Answer we can say that speed is more of an object that takes less time to travel the definite distance.
43. What is to be done to move the table in the classroom?
Answer we have to apply force to move the table in the classroom.
44. What is the falling of a fruit from the tree to ground due to?
Answer the falling of a fruit from the tree to ground due to gravitational force.
45. What is the force opposing a motion of a moving body called?
Answer The force opposing a motion of a moving body is called frictional force.
46. Why is there were and fear in the soles of footwear after prolong use?
Answer Because of the frictional force produced between ground and the foot wear.
47. Why is more force applied to ride bicycle on rough road?
Answer because on rough surface more friction is produced between the surface and wheel of the bicycle.
L-8
48. From which organ does the digestion of food being?
Answer from Buckle cavity the digestion of food being.
49. Which enzyme does saliva contain?
Answer Saliva contains an enzyme is called ptyalin.
50. What is the body surface part around the stomach called?
Answer The body surface part around the stomach is called abdomen.
51. What is a proximal region of small intestine e called?
Answer A proximal region of small intestine is called duodenum.
52. How many meters is the approximate length of small intestine?
Answer 7 meters is the approximate length of small intestine.
53. In which organ is the process of digestion of food complete?
Answer In small intestine the process of digestion of food complete.
54. from where is bile is produced?
Answer Bile is produced by liver.
55. Which are accessory digestive organs?
Answer Accessory digestive organs are liver and pancreas.
56. Which digestive juices are mixed with food when it comes into duodenum?
Answer When it comes into duodenum bile and pancreatic mine with it
57. What is trachea made up of?
Answer Trachea is made up of C SHAPED INCOMPLETE rings of cartilage.
58. What is the lower end of trachea getting divided into two parts called?
Answer the lower end of trachea gets divided into two brands is called Bronchi.
59. How many lungs are there in our body?
Answer There is two lungs in our body.
60. State the name of a muscular partition (septum) which seperates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.
Answer the name of a muscular partition (septum) which seperates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity and
abdominal cavity are diaphragm.
61. What is the average number of pulse beats per minute in normal condition of an adult individual?
Answer the average number of pulse beats per minute in normal condition of an adult individual is 70 to 72
times.
62. What are lower chambers of heart called?
Answer Lower chambers of heart are called Ventricles.
63. Which valve is present between left atrium and left ventricle?
Answer Bicuspid valve is present between left atrium and left ventricle
64. Where does blood of right atrium of the heart move?
Answer the blood of right atrium of the heart move in the right ventricle.
65. In which chamber of heart does the deoxygenated blood come from different parts of the body?
Answer In right atrium the deoxygenated blood come from different parts of the body
66. Where does the blood of right atrium of the heart move due to contration of ventricles?
Answer Right Ventricle of the heart move due to contration of ventricles
Define CH-3
1. Photosynthesis - A process by which green plants make food in the form of starch using carbon-dioxide
and water in the presence of sunlight is called photosynthesis.
2. Transpiration: - The process in which plants loose excess water in the form of water vapour through
stomata present in the leaves is called transpiration.
CH-4
3. Soft water: Water in which there are salts in less proportion is called soft water.
4. Hard water: Water in which there are salts in more proportion is called hard water.
5. Solvent: A liquid in which a substance can dissolve is called a solvent.
6. Solute: A substance which dissolves in liquid is called solute.
7. Solution: A homogenous mixture of solvent and solute is known as solution.
L-5
8. Weed: Undesirable plants growing with the main crop sown in the soil is called weed.
9. Fertilizers: Plant obtains one or more require nutrients from substances added in the soil. Such
substances are called fertilizers.
10. Irrigation: A method of purifying water to the grown crops is called irrigation.
L-6
11. Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organism.
12. Tissue Group of cell performing a definite function forms a tissue.
13. Unicellular the organisms whose body contains only in a one cell is called unicellular organism.
14. Multicellular the organism whose body contains more than one cell is called Multicellular organisms.
L-7
15. Speed: The distance travelled by an object per unit time is called its speed.
16. Force: The internal effect which changes the position of an object is called force.
17. Gravitational: The force due to which all objects are attracted towards the earth is called gravitational
force.
18. Frictional force: When any object move on any surface the force inserted on it which opposes its
motion is called frictional force.
L-8
19. Digestion - The process of converting complex food substance into simple substance is called digestion.
20. Exhalation - The process of thronging ant air from the lungs through the nose is called exhalation.
Answer in brief
CH-3
1. Write normal functions of roots.
Answer Normal functions of roots are
1. Anchors the plant into soil.
2. absorbs mineral and water from the soil.
2. Write special functions of roots with examples.
Answer Special functions of roots with examples are
1 .Some roots store food, example raddhish, carrot, beet root.
2. Some plants show prop roots or stilt roots which provide mechanical support to stem,
example banyan tree, maize, sugarcane, etc
3. Write four normal functions of stem.
Answer 1) Conduction of water and mineral salts absorbed by root.
2. Arrange leaves in such a way that they can get enough sunlight.
3. Provides mechanical strength to the plant to stand erect.
4. Conduction of food provide by leaves.
4. Write special functions of stems with examples.
Answer 1. Storage of food, example potato, ginger.
2. Food production, example pointier, cactus and asparagus.
3. Climbing, example grapes, money plant.
5. Write normal functions of leaf.
Answer 1) Performs respiration.
2. Performs transpiration.
3. Produces own food through photosynthesis.
6. Write special functions of leaf with example.
Answer the special functions of leaf with example are
1. Storage of food. Example cabbage, onion, garlic.
2. Protein example Opuntia
L 4
7. Mention the chemical properties of water?
Answer 1) Water is compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Its molecular formula is h2o
3 It contains hydrogen and oxygen with ratio of 2:1
4 It is a universal solvent and which can dissolve most of the substances.

8. Mention main impurities of water?
Answer 1 Non-dissolved impurity
2 Dissolved impurities
3. Impurities of micro organism.
9) Water available in nature is never pure. Why?
Ans- Water available in nature is never pure because it is a universal solvent which can dissolve most of
these substances which are in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
L 5
10. What are the benefits of ploughing?
Answer. The benefits of ploughing are
1. Soil becomes soft.
2. Air circulation increases in the soil.
3. Sown seeds grow easily.
4. Ploughing makes the soil upside down so nutrients of fertilizer mix up properly and
fertility is maintained.
11. What precautions should be taken at the time of sowing?
Answer Following precautions should be taken at the time of sowing
1. Seeds should be sown at proper depth so more sprouts develop.
2. Sowing should always be done in the transverse direction of slope .Soil erosion prevented by
doing so.
3. Sowing should not be done very close to each other .So growing crop can get sufficient light
, water and air.
12. Which harmful effects does a crop bare due to weeds?
Answer 1) Nutrients for the main crops are absorbed by the weeds.
2) Required nutrients are not available in sufficient quantity to the main crops.
3) Weeds compete with main crops for sunlight and water.
4. Yield of crop decreases.
13. Which steps can be taken to remove the weeds?
Answers Steps can be taken to remove the weeds are
1. Khurpi, sickle, hoe should be used to remove weeds.
2. Weeds can be removed by interploughing with harrow.
3. Weedicides can be used to remove weeds.
14. What is rotation of crops? Why is it required?
Answer Instead of cultivating same type of crop every year ,pulse and other crops are cultivated alternately
is called rotation of crops .Single type of nutrients are not used from soil due to rotation of crops .So fertility
of soil is maintained .
15. What are the benefits of an intercropping?
Answer the benefits of an intercropping are
1. If one crop fails, the other may grow better.
2. When two or more crops are grown together economic need of farmer is satisfied.
3. Fertility of soil can be maintained.
16. Give the names of natural fertilizers.
Answer 1) Dung manure.
2) Composed manure.
3) Green manure.
4. Oil seed Cake manure.
5. Fertilizer obtained from biogas plant.
17. What are the benefits to the soil by using chemical fertilizers?
Answer the benefits to the soil by using chemical fertilizers are:-
1) Chemical fertilizers are water soluble.
2) So necessary nutrients are obtained rapidly by plants and hence crop production increases.
3) Besides it, such chemical fertilizers can be given according to which nutrients are needed in soil.
18. What is soil erosion? State the natural factors effecting the soil erosion?
Answer the process of removal of soil particles from upper layer of soil, far away due to wind, rain or heavy
flow of water is called soil erosion.
19. What is irrigation? Mention the methods of irrigation.
Answer a method of supplying water to the grown crop is called irrigation. The methods of irrigation are
1. Dorian ( Channel irrigation)
2. Earthen pot irrigation.
3. Drip irrigation method.
L 6
20. State the various organelles of cytoplasm.
Answer the various organelles of cytoplasm are:-
1, Cell membrane.
2, Endoplasmic reticulum.
3, Ribsome
4, Golgi body
5, Lysosome
6, Mitochondrion
7, Centriole (only in animal cell)
8, Chloroplast
21. State the function of following organelles:-
Answer 1, Mitochondrion: - Produces energy required for the metabolism. This energy is stored in the
form of ATP. Hence it is known as the power house of cell.
2, Ribosome: - Protein synthesis occurs on its surface.
22. State the function of cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer 1 Cell membrane - Regulates the transportation of different material coming to cell or going out of
the cell.
2. Endoplasmic reticulum: - They are related to the synthesis of protein. Secrets, proteins steroids, etc.

L-7
23. When is it said that body is in motion?
Answer when any object continuously changes its position with respect to any stationary object then that
body is in motion.
24. List the objects in motion which you have seen?
Answer List of objects in motion
1) A train in motion.
2) A swaying swing by wind.
3) Pendulum of a clock
4) Motions of hands of a clock.
5) Motion of the blades of a fan, etc.
25. State any four effects of force?
Answer the four effects of force are,
1) A stationary object can be brought into motion by force.
2) The speed of a force can be increased or decreased.
3) The motion of an object can be stopped.
4) The direction of motion of an object can be changed.
26. State various types of force?
Answer the various types of force are,
1) Muscular force
2) Magnetic force

3) Gravitational force
4) Frictional force
27. State four advantages of frictional force?
Answer the four advantages of frictional force are
1) We can walk on the ground due to frictional force
2) Vehicles can run on the road due to frictional force between road tires of vehicles. Due to grooved
surface of tires of vehicles, vehicles in sped do not skid as they offer sufficient frictional force.
3) Due to frictional force between pencil and paper we are able to write on the paper using pencil.
4) On applying the brakes the motion of the vehicle can be stopped due to frictional force between
wheels of the vehicle and brakes.
28. State three disadvantages of frictional force?
Answer the three disadvantages of frictional force
1) Due to frictional force there is a wear and tear in the soles of footwear.
2) There is a wear and tear in surface of the tires of vehicles due to frictional force .So after sometime
the tires have to be changed.
3) There is a wear and tear in moving parts of the machine .Hence; their parts have to be changed.
29. What should we do to stop the noise from different parts of bicycle, swing or machine?
Answer to stop the noise from different parts of bicycle, swing or machine oiling should be done.
L-8
30. Write names of organs of digestive system?
Answer The names of organs of digestive system are
1) Mouth and buckle cavity.
2. Esophagus.
3. Stomach.
4. Small intestine.
5. Large intestine.
6. Rectum.
7. Anus is main digestive organs. Liver and pancreas is accessory digestive organ.
31. State the structural components of human blood. Write the function of each component?
Answer The structural components of human blood and their functions are as follows,
1) Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) they help to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in body.
2) White blood corpuscles ( WBCs) They protect the body against disease
3) Blood platelets (Thrombocytes) they help in the process of clothing of blood.
4) Blood plasma it transport nutrients in the body.
32. State the functions of blood?
Answer the functions of blood are as follows,
1) Blood transports the nutritive substances of the food, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.
2) It protects the body against the disease with the help of white blood corpuscles.
3) It prevents by blood clotting when wound occurs.
4) It maintains the body temperature.

Give reasons

CH-3
1) The leaf is called the kitchen of the plant.because green leaf prepares food for the plant with
the help of chloroplast, carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

2) Though amorphophallus grows in the soil, it is a stem . Because it has nodes, internodes and thin
scaly leaves on it. It grows underground so it is called underground stem.

3) The leaves of opuntia are modified into spines..because opuntia plant grows in desert where there
is scarcity of water .so to reduce the loss of water by transpiration .leaves of opuntia are modified
into spines.


4) One feels cool under the dense tree during midday.because
1. Trees give shade.
2 The stomata present on the leaves give out extra water in the form of water vapour by the process of
transpiration.
3. As a result the surrounding remains cool. Minerals fats and vitamins.

5. It is not advisable to use hard water in the oiler because
1) When the water is boiled the layer of a salt is deposited in its inner substance.
2. This layer is a bad conductor of a leaf so a large quantity fuel is required to boil the water in the
boiler. Moreover this layer of salt corrodes the boiler which can cause accidents.

6. During electrolyses of water, few drops of sulphuric acid are added to water because 1) Pure water is a
poor conductor of electricity.
2. By adding few drops of sulphuric acid in the water .it becomes a good conductor of electricity.

7. During epidemics water should be used after boiling and then cooling because 1) by boiling the micro
organisms in the water. Germs get destroyed and water becomes free from germs. 2 The boil water is filter
than cool.
8. Rotation of crop should be done because 1) If single crop is taken repeatedly specific nutrient
needed by the crop are constantly absorbed from the soil. 2) So the proportion of those nutrients
decreases and production of crop also decreases . 3) Soil efficiency of crops is maintained due to
rotation of crops. So crop of pulses and cereals are taken alternately. 4) By growing crops of pulse
function of nitrogen occurs due to Rhizobium bacteria found in its roots which increase the fertility
of soil. 5) Crop rotation also controls the harmful pest of crop.

9. Use of chemical fertilizers should be reduced because 1) Soil composition spoils due to excessive
use of chemical fertilizers 2) Sometimes crop may destroy or destroyed due to more use of chemical
fertilizer. 3) Soil pollution occurs due to the effect of chemical fertilizer as well as the useful micro
organisms occurring in the soil are destroyed.

10. Soil erosion is less in the forest area because 1) in the forest area there are dense trees. 2) The cover
of dense trees on land can tolerate the blow of heavy rainfall. 3) The root system of trees binds the
soil particles firmly one another. 4) Due to trees the flow of wind and water becomes slow.

11. Trees should be grown around the fields because 1) by growing the trees around the field they
withstand the blow of rain in monsoon. 2) The roots of trees bind the fertile soil particles are not
washed away from the field by the flow of water or wind. 3) So the soil is protected

12. Mitochondrion is called the powerhouse of a cell because it provides energy required for the
metabolism. This energy is stored in the form of ATP. Hence it is known as powerhouse of cell.

13. Chloroplast is called the kitchen of a cell because chloroplast contains chlorophyll; it produces the
organic food in the form of starch with the help of air water, in presence of sunlight by the process of
photosynthesis.

14. The moving vehicles stop on applying the brakes because when brakes are applied frictional force is
produced between the run of the wheel of the bicycle and brakes due to which the vehicle slow down
and ultimately stop.

15. A person slips if one step on a banana skin 1) Due to the friction between the surface of the road and
soles of the feet a person can walk easily .2) If the surface becomes smooth , then frictional force
decreases .3) As the banana skin is sticky , it is very smooth .4) So when one steps on banana skin
,the required frictional force between ground and foot for walking does not produce . Hence a
person slips, if one steps on a banana skin.
16) One should chew the food as much as possible because 1) by much chewing the food, it is broken
into very small fragments and sufficient amount of saliva gets mixed with it. 2) So the food becomes soft
and smooth. 3. The enzyme ptyalin, contained in the saliva, converts starch of the food into sugar. 4. Thus,
when the food is chewed much, a major part of digestion of starch is almost completed in the mouth itself
and the other food components are more rapidly digested in other digestive organs
17. Air should be inhaled through nose only because 1) There are very fine hair in the nose. 2) A slimy
substance, called mucus, is secreted in the nose.
3. The hair and mucus prevent the dust particles and bacteria of the air to go further in the respiratory tract.
4. By in halation through nose, the outer atmosphere air gets filtered and warmed before entering the lungs.
Hence, air should be inhaled through nose only.
18. WBC of the blood are our microscope soldiers because -1) The WBC of the blood perform the
function of protecting our body against diseases.
2) WBC fight against the germs of various diseases which have entered our body and destroy them,
thereby protect our body against diseases.
3) Thus the WBC performs the function of fighting against the germs and thus acts like soldiers. As
they are very small in size, they are called the microscopic soldiers of the body

Difference
CH-4
1 Soft water and hard water.
Soft water: 1.The proportion of salt is less in soft water.
2. It gives more lather with soap.
3. It can be used in industries.
Hard water: 1. the proportion of salt is more in hard water.
2. It gives less lather with soap.
3. It cannot be used in industries and for domestic purposes.

2. Natural fertilizer and Chemical fertilizer
Natural fertilizer: 1) It is formed from the reduce of animals and plants.
2. Physical composition of soil improves by it.
3. It effects in soil remains for long time. So it is not be added in soil often.
Chemical fertilizer: 1) It is prepared from mineral element or in a factory by chemical process.
2) Physical composition of soil spoils by its long.
3) Its effect in soil does not remain for long time. So it is added in soil often.

3. Dorian irrigation method and Drip irrigation method
Dorian irrigation method: 1) Use of this method for irrigation in a region where abundance water occur.
2. More waste of water more occurs in it.
Drip irrigation method: 1) Use of this method for irrigation in arid region.
1) Wastage of water does not occur.


4. Plant cell and animal cell

Plant cell - 1, it has cell wall made up of cellulose
2, it contains chloroplast.
3, it has large vacuoles.
4, Centriode is absent.
ANIMAL CELL: - 1, Cell wall is absent
2, Chloroplast is absent.
3, There are no vacuoles.
4, Controlee is present.
5. Small intestine and Large intestine
Small intestine -1) it is much longer than large intestine.
2) The digestion and absorption of food occur in it
Large intestine -
1) It is shorter than small intestine.
2) Only the absorption of water occurs in it
6. Trachea and Esophagus
Trachea- 1) It is an organ of respiratory system.
2) It is formed of muscles and C shape rings of cartilage.
3) It performs a function to carry air into the lungs.
Oesophagus - 1) It is an organ of digestive system.
2) It is formed of muscles only.
3) It performs a function to carry food into the stomach.
7. Artery and Vein
Artery - 1) Artery carries blood from the heart to different parts of the body.
2) Its wall is thick and elastic.
3) It does not have valves in it.
4) It pulsates; hence the flow of blood is jerky.
5) Normally, the artery carries oxygenated blood.

Veins - 1) Vein carries blood from different parts of the body to the heart.
2) Its wall is relatively thin and less elastic.
3) I have semi lunar valves at intervals in it.
4) It does not pulsate; hence the flow of the blood is smooth.
5) Normally, the vein carries deoxygenated blood.

8. RBCs and WBCs
RBCs- 1) they are of red color.
2) They are smaller in size than that of WBC and have definite shape.
3) They are helpful in the transport of O2
4) They are devoid of nucleus.
WBC - 1) They are of white color.
2) They are larger in size than that of RBC and have irregular shape.
3) They destroy germs of disease and thereby protect the body against disease.
4) They have nucleus.

Short note

CH-1
1) Write a short note on magnetic compass with figure.
Ans. 1) It is made of cylindrical box of aluminum or brass with a glass cover.
2) There is a circular or dial, where directions are marked.
3) A magnetic needle is pivoted on vertical axis such that it can rotate freely in a horizontal plane.
4) The axis of magnetic needle is placed at the centre of box and dial.
5) A transparent glass is kept at the top of the box and box is closed.
Working To decide current direction with the help of compass, the north pole of magnetic needle is
brought over north direction marked on the dial.
Ch-5
Q.2 Write short note on: Drip irrigation method.
Ans. 1) A plastic pipe at definite distances is used in this method.
2. A pipe with holes toward the roots of each plant is fitted in each row of crop.
3. Each plant gets water drops by the pipe.
4. So this method is called drip irrigation method.
5. This method of irrigation was minimum amount of water.
6. Weeds do not get water. As a result weeds cannot grow.
7. Plants can grow better because it gets enough quantity of water.
8. This method is useful even in uneven soil, in arid region and also in hilly regions.


Experiment
CH-3
1) To demonstrate that root absorbs water and dissolve salts
AIM: - To prove that root absorbs water and dissolve minerals.
Apparatus and materials: - Vince plant with white flowers and roots, red ink, water, beaker
Figure:-
Procedure: - 1, Bring a Vince plant with roots and with flowers
2, Take some water in a beaker.
3, Put some drops of red ink to make water colorful
4 Now put the plant in the beaker in such a way that roots remain
sunken in water.
5, Observe it next day
Observation: - The stem leaves, and flowers of the plant are seen to be red in
color
Conclusion: - This experiment shows that root absorbs water and mineral salts from soil.

2) Describe an experiment to show that the leaves of plant release carbon dioxide during the
process of respiration.
AIM: - To show that the leaves of plant release car-bon-dioxide during the process of respiration.
Apparatus and materials: - A potted plant having large green leaves, transparent polythene bag, thread,
decanted lime water, a black cloth
Figure:-
Procedure: - 1, Take a potted plant having large green leaves
2, Take a cup of decanted lime water in a polythene bag.
3, Tie the polythene bag with the leaf with the help of a thread to make it air tight.
4, Cover it with a black cloth so that it does not get sunlight.
5, Observe it after 4-5 hours.
Observation: - Decanted lime water in the polythene bag turns milky.
Conclusion: - This experiments proves that the leaves of the plant release car-
Bon-dioxide during the process of respiration

3) Describe an experiment explaining that plant release water through transpiration
Aim: - To prove that plant releases water through transpiration.
Apparatus and materials: - Plant with big leaves, transparent polythene bag, and thread
Figure:-
Procedure:-1, Take a plant having big leaves.
2, Tie a polythene bag on one or two leaves of the plant as shown in the figure,
3, Observe after 3-4 hours.
Observation: - Several water droplets are seen on the inner surface of the bag.
Conclusion: - This experiment proves that plant releases water in the form of water vapor through
transpiration

4) Describe an experiment to show that the presence of sunlight is inevitable for the process of
photosynthesis
Aim: - To show that the presence of sunlight is inevitable for the process of photosynthesis.
Apparatus and materials: - A plant with big leaves, thin black paper-pins.
Figure:-
Procedure:-1, Take a plant with big leaves
2, Tie thin strip of cardboard on upper and lower surface of the leaf with the help of u-pins.
3 Now keep the plant in sunlight for 1 day
4 Next day remove the cardboard and pluck the leaf
5, Wash the leaf with boiling water and with alcohol.
6. Now put some drops of iodine solution on the entire leaf and observe the color of the leaf
Observation: - 1, on washing the leaf with boiling water and then with alcohol the green color of leaf
disappears
2, on rubbing iodine solution over the leaf the part of the leaf other than covered by cardboard turns blue,
Conclusion: - This experiment proves that the presence of sunlight is inevitable for the process of
photosynthesis.
CH-4
5) To determent the volume of the components of water by electrolysis
Aim- To determine the volume of the components of water by electrolysis.
Apparatus and Materials voltammeter, 6 volt battery, copper wire, water, sulphuric acid, 2 test tube
Figure
Procedure: - 1) Fill water in the voltammeter up to the half level.
2. Add 4-5 drops of sulphuric acid in water
3. Fill two test-tube by water up to the brim and arrange them inverted on the two electros.
4. The positive end of the battery behaves as anode and negative end of the battery behaves as cathode.
5. Now pass the electro current.
6. Bubbles will be seen rising in the test tube and gases.
7. Observe.
OBSERVATION: 1, the test tube over the cathode is filled with the hydrogen and that over the anode is filling up
with oxygen .their volume with ratio is2:1.
Conclusion- water is a component of hydrogen and oxygen and the proportion of hydrogen is double then
that of oxygen.
CH-6
6. To prepare a slide of onion cells and observe it with the help of a compound microscope.
AIM: - To prepare a slide of onion cells and observe it with the help of a compound microscope.
APPARRATUS AND MATERIALS: - Compound microscope, glass slide, cover slip, Blade, dropper,
blotting paper, water, fraps, ethylene blue.
FIGURE:-
PROCEDURE: - 1, Take some water in a watch glass and add 2-3 drops of ethylene blue.
2, Put thin layer of onion in colorful liquid.
3, with the help of a dropper put a drop of water on the slide.
4, Cover the peel of onion with cover slip to avoid air bubbles.
5, Remove additional water with the help of blotting paper.
6, Observe the prepared slide with the help of microscope.
OBSERVATION: - A large number of rectangular cells touching each other are seen. Each cell has a cell
wall, a nucleus and cytoplasm.
True or False
L -3
1. Sugar cane has slit roots. True
2. The prop root of the banyan trees gives support to it. True
3. The food prepared by the leaves is conducted to various parts of the plant through xylem. False
4. The stem of punier is green. True
5. The plants release oxygen during respiration. False
L-4
6. Ice is heavier than water. False
7. Oil does not dissolve in water. True
8. Water becomes germ free on adding washing soda in water. False
9. Water is a compound .True
10. During electrolysis of water , hydrogen gas is produced at positive pole False
L-6
11. There is cell wall in check cell. False
12. Golgi body secretes proteins and other synthesizing materials in the cell. True
13. Amoeba is a unicellular organism. True
14. There is no chlorophyll in animal cell. True
15. Tissue is a group of cell. True
L-8
16. Trachea is located behind esophagus. False
17. Small intestine is shorter in length than large intestine. False
18. Ptyalin enzyme is saliva digests starch and converts into simple sugar. True
19. The size of human heart is that of ones fist. True
20. There are valves in the arteries. False
Classify
CH-3
1) Food storing root and food storing stem.
(Potato, sweet potato, ginger, beet, radish, turmeric, yam (ratable), amorphophallus, carrot)
Food storing root: - sweet potato, beet, radish, yam, carrot
Food storing stem: - potato, ginger, turmeric, amorphophallus.

CH-4
2. Solvent, solute and solution.
( common salt, solution of common salt, sugar, solution of sugar, alum, water, kerosene, carbon-dioxide,
soda water)
Solvent: - water, kerosene
Solute: - common salt, sugar, alum, carbon-dioxide
Solution: - solution of common salt, solution of sugar, soda water
Ch-6
3. Unicellular organisms and multicellular organisms
( Yeast, man , euglena , fern , Tulsa , Vince , amoeba , chlamydomonas , earthworm , vermicelli , sunflower
, paramecium , rat , plasmodium , ant , need tree .)
Unicellular organism Yeast, euglena, amoeba, chlamydomonas, vermicelli, paramecium, plasmodium
Multicellular organisms plasmodium Man , Fern , Tulsa Vince , Earthworm , Sunflower , Rat , Ant , Need
tree
L-7
4) Linear motion, circular motion and oscillatory motions
( Motion of a merry go-round , motion of light rays , motion of swing , motion of artificial satellites
revolving around the earth , motion of a top , motion of a bullet fired from a gun , motion of a pendulum of
a clock , motion of wheels of a bicycle , motion of a stone failing from a height on the earth , motion of
wings of a flying bird , the motion of hands of a runner , motion of hands of a clock .
Linear motion motion of the light rays, motion of a fruit failing from the tree, motion of a bullet fired
from a gun.
Circular motion- Motion of a merry go round, motion of artificial satellites revolving around the earth,
motion of a top, motion of wheels of a bicycle.
Oscillatory motion motion of a swing, motion of a pendulum clock.
CH-8
5. Organs of digestive, respiratory, circulatory system
Stomach , Heart , Lungs , Pancreas , Diaphragm , Buckle cavity , Nose , Vein , Blood capillaries .
Organs of digestive system stomach, pancreas, Buckle cavity
Organs of respiratory system Lungs, Diaphragm, Nose
Organs of circulatory system Heart, Vein, Blood capillaries

Detail
L-4
1) Write the physical properties of water?
Ans-1 Water is colourless, oderless, tasteless.
2 It is a transparent liquid at normal temperature
3 It is in liquid form.
4 At 0 degree c water is solidified and turns into solid
5 At 100 degree c water turns into vapor
6 Ice is lighter than water.

2) Describe types of hardness in water?
Answer -There are 2 types of hardness and they are as follows:
1 Permanent hardness - water in which chlorides of calcium and magnesium and sulphate salts are dissolved and
hardness caused due to them is called permanent hardness
2 Temporary hardness- water in which bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium are dissolved and
hardness caused due to them is called temporary hardness. This hardness can be removed by boiling or
filtering.

3) Methods to purify the water?
Answer -The methods to purify the water are as follows-
1 Water can be purifying by boiling, filtering and decanting.
2 To remove salts and each solubility like sand particles and clay particles.
3Alum is used to purify muddy water.
4. Impurities of micro- organism can be removed by boiling or by adding bleaching powder and chlorine
tablets.

4) How can hard water can be made soft water?
Answer -methods of making hard water into soft water are:-
1 To remove different salts very much dissolved in hard water can be done by boiling such water very much .so
dissolved salts are converted into UN dissolved salts.
2 Doing this some of the salts settle at bottom and some of the salts float on the top.
3 Filtering this water it becomes soft water.
4 Adding washing soda or boras powder in the hard water can betake in to soft water.

L-5
Q.5 how can soil erosion by water be prepared?
Ans. 1) Soil erosion can be prepared in following ways:
2. Grass should be grown on soil.
3. Make strips in opposite direction of slope if soil having sloped.
4. Cover the soil with plants.
5. Make steps in soil. By doing this, the flow of water is slowed down.

6 Mention the benefits of natural fertilizers.
Ans. 1) Improves competition of soil.
2) Improves moisture holding capacity.
3) All nutrients are available to plants.
4) Soil fertility and production efficiency of crop increases
5) The effect of natural fertilizers retains for longer time. So it is not often added
6) This fertilizers does not wash out easily with rain water as it is insoluble in water.
7) It is relatively economic.

L-6
7. Why is cell considered as a structural and functional unit of the living organism?
Answer 1, Cell is the basic unit of organisms body.
2, a unicellular organism is made up of only 1 cell.
3, the body of Multicellular organisms is made of many cells.
4, Thus cell is the structure unit of the result of processes running within the cell.
5, Thus cell is the functional unit of organisms.
L-8
8. How is buckle cavity helpful in digestion of food?
Answer Tongue moves the food in buckle cavity. Teeth chew the food and convert it into small parts.
Salivary glands mix saliva when food is chewed. It contains enzyme ptyalin w high converts starch into
sugar. Thus digestion of food begins from buckle cavity.
9) Explain the process of digestion occurring in stomach?
Answer when food comes into stomach gastric juice mixes with it. Due to contraction and relaxation of the
muscles of stomach the food is dunned well and semisolid homogenous mixture is formed .Proteins are
partially digested in stomach . This mixture moves into small intestine from stomach.
10) Explain the process of digestion occurring in small intestine?
Answer Food comes into small intestine from stomach. Here in duodenum bile produced from the liver and
pancreatic juice produced from the pancreas mix with the food. Pancreatic juice digests undigested
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Bile helps pancreatic juice in digestion of lipid. Food remains for
maximum time in `small intestine for digestion. The villa absorbs the digested nutrients and they mix in
blood. Undigested food chews moves into large intestine.
11) Explain the structure and function of lungs?
Answer 1) Structure: The two lungs are located one on each side of the heart in the thoracic cavity. The
lungs are soft like a sponge and elastic. IN each of the lungs a bronchus enters. A very large number of
Branches arise from bronchus in lung. Each of these branches is called as bronchiole. At the terminal end of
bronchial there are alveoli appearing like a bunch of grapes. The wall of the alveoli is extremely thin and
elastic.
2) Function: Air inhaled through nose entering into lungs pass through trachea. Very large number alveoli,
like a bunch of grapes, occur in lungs. Air gets filled in it. Several blood capillaries spread like a net around
the alveoli. The wall of both being very thin, exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide can occur easily.
Oxygen of the air diffuse into the blood of capillaries and carbon dioxide in the blood diffuse out into the
lumen of lungs through capillaries. During contraction of lungs, carbon dioxide in it is thrown out through
trachea and nose.