The Internet of Things

Student: Dautov Timur, Logistics, 3

rd
year
The Internet of Things
Introduction
Definitions
Technology Roadmap
Technology Trends
IoT Architecture
Technology Outlook
Challenges
References
Definitions
The Internet of Things refers to uniquely identifiable objects and their virtual
representations in an Internet-like structure. - KevinAshton in1999
Internet of Things (IoT) - dynamic global network infrastructure with self
configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable
communication protocols where physical and virtual things have
identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities, use intelligent
interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network.
The Internet of Things (IoT) - a computing concept that describes a future
where everyday physical objects will be connected to the Internet and will
be able to identify themselves to other devices.
Technology Roadmap
Technology Trends
Technology trends will help shape IoT. Here are seven identified macro
trends:
The miniaturization of devices
Advances in RFID technologies
Internet Protocol version Six (IPv6)
Improvements in communication throughput and latency
Real-time analytics
Adoption of cloud technologies and security
Miniaturization of devices
IoT uses technologies to connect physical objects to the Internet.
Electronic components, their size and capabilities play a critical role in
the widespread adoption of IoT for various industry applications.
Many applications such as remote healthcare require little integrated
chipsets. This applications become not only smaller but also more
comfortable and accurate. Fortunately, miniaturization of devices is
developing rapidly.
Advances in RFID technologies
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is of particular
importance to IoT as one of the first industrial realisations of IoT is in the
use of RFID technology to track and monitor goods in the logistics and
supply chain sector.
Moving into the future, RFID has the potential to provide streams of
data that will provide information systems with real-time, item-specific
data and be flexible enough to be placed in extremely small spaces and
locations.
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
IPv6 is the next Internet addressing protocol that is used to replace IPv4.
Given the huge number of connected devices (50 billion), IPv6 can
potentially be used to address all these devices and systems, eliminating
the need of network address translation (NAT) and promoting end-to-
end connectivity and control. These features provide seamless
integration of physical objects into the Internet world.
Improvements in communication throughput
and latency
IoT relies on a pervasive communication network to allow everything
and everywhere connectivity to occur. Technology trend shifts towards
providing faster data rates and lower latency connectivity. Low latency
makes it possible for IoT applications to query or receive quicker
updates from sensor devices. With further opportunities in
communication technologies such as Software Define Radio (SDR) and
LTE-A, devices will be able to communicate with better QoS and support
better access to new services with more efficient use of the radio
frequency spectrum.
Real-time analytics
New forms of analytics have emerged to remove the need to pre-model
metadata, resulting in faster query and more dynamic data processing.
IoT creates opportunities for analytics to be performed in real time and
also allows large volumes of data to be stored for analysis at a later time.
Cloud technologies
IoT connects billions of devices and sensors to create new and
innovative applications. In order to support these applications, a
reliable, elastic and agile platform is essential. Cloud computing is one of
the enabling platforms to support IoT.
Security and Privacy
With the IoT-distributed nature of embedded devices in public areas,
threats coming from networks trying to spoof data access, collection
and privacy controls to allow the sharing of real-time information, IoT
security has to be implemented on a strong foundation built on a
holistic view of security for all IoT elements at various interacting layers.
IoT Architecture
IoT architecture consists of different suite of technologies supporting
IoT. It serves to illustrate how various technologies relate to each other
and to communicate the scalability, modularity and configuration of IoT
deployments in different scenarios.
The functionality of each layer is described below:
IoT Architecture
Technology Outlook
While IoT is architected into layers, the technologies have been
categorized into three groups.
The devices, microprocessor
chips
Technologies (support network
sharing, address capacity, latency
issues)
Management services (support the IoT
applications)
Low power sensors for power
and energy sustainability.
Network sharing technologies such as
software-defined radios and cognitive
networks.
Intelligent decision-making technologies such
as context-aware computing service,
predictive analytics, complex event processing
and behavioral analytics.
Intelligence of sensors in the
field.
Network technologies that address
capacity and latency issues such as LTE
and LTE-A.
Speed of data processing technologies such as
in-memory and streaming analytics.
Miniaturisation of chipsets.
Wireless sensor network for
sensor connectivity.
Challenges to achieve full IoT potential
Silo IoT solutions
Cost versus Usability
Privacy and Security
Interoperability
Network Capacity Constraints
References
Michael Chui, Markus Lffler, Roger Roberts. The Internet of Things
<http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/high_tech_telecoms_internet/the_internet_of_things>
Dr. Ovidiu Vermesan, Dr. Peter Friess, Patrick Guillemin, etc. Internet of Things Strategic Research
Roadmap
<http://www.internet-of-things research.eu/pdf/IoT_Cluster_Strategic_Research_Agenda_2011.pdf >
IDA. The Internet of Things (IoT)
<http://www.ida.gov.sg/~/media/Files/Infocomm%20Landscape/Technology/TechnologyRoadmap/InternetOfThings.p
df>
Wikipedia. Internet of things
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things>