CEDE Student Lecture 2

Seminar and Workshop Entitled

PC Assembly,
Troubleshooting &
Networking
 Part I
Introduction
 Parts of Computer

► Motherboard
► CPU
► Memory
► Video Card
► Power Supply
► Hard Disk
► CD/DVD Rom Drive
► IDE Cable
 Motherboard

- A motherboard is the central or

primary circuit board making up
a complex electronic system,
such as a modern computer. It is
also known as a main board,
baseboard, system board
Motherboard Design
 Microprocessor
►A microprocessor -- also known
as a CPU or central processing
unit -- is a complete computation
engine that is fabricated on a
single chip.
Microprocessor Design
 Memory
►Memory- is technically any form
of electronic storage, it is used
most often to identify fast,
temporary forms of storage
 Video Card
►A video card, (also referred to as a
graphics accelerator card, display
adapter, graphics card, and
numerous other terms), is an item of
personal computer hardware whose
function is to generate and output
images to a display.
Video Card Design
 Power Supply
►In a personal computer (PC), the
power supply is the metal box
usually found in a corner of the
case. The power supply is visible
from the back of many systems
because it contains the power-
cord receptacle and the cooling
fan.
Power Supply Design
 Hard Disk
►Hard Disk Drive (HDD),
commonly referred to as a hard
drive, hard disk or fixed disk
drive, is a non-volatile storage
device which stores digitally
encoded data on rapidly rotating
platters with magnetic surfaces.
Hard Disk Design
 CD ROM
►CD-ROM (an abbreviation of "
Compact Disc read-only memory")
is a Compact Disc that contains
data accessible by a computer.
CD ROM Design
 IDE Cable
► Thiscable will work fine in two-drive
configurations, but there is a
drawback: it's suboptimal for one-drive
installations. These high-speed disk
cables really should always have a
drive on the physical far end of the
cable to reduce noise on the bus, but
this cable puts the single drive in the
middle
IDE Cable Design
SATA Cable Design
 Part II

►PC ASSEMBLY
 Processor Physical Installation
Procedure
► Determine Socket Type
► Orient Processor To Socket
► Open ZIF Socket
► Insert Processor Into Socket
► Check That Chip Is Inserted Fully
► Close ZIF Socket
 Heat sink Installation
Procedure
► Attach Fan to Heat Sink
► Apply Heat Sink Compound
► Attach Heat Sink
 Memory Physical Installation
Procedure
► 1. Identify Installation Socket
► 2. Orient Module
► 3. Insert Module
► 4. Lock Module Into Place
► 5. Double-Check Installation
► 6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to
5
 Installing a Desktop PC
Motherboard
► 1.
The first step will be to open the
case up
2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard
Tray
3. Replace the ATX
Connector Plate
4. Determine Motherboard
Mounting Location
5. Install the Motherboard
Standoffs
6. Fasten the
Motherboard
7. Attach ATX Control
Wires
8. Connect the ATX Power
Connector
9. (Optional) Replace the
Motherboard Tray
10. Install Any Port
Headers
 PART III

►OPERATING
SYSTEM
INSTALLATION
 OPERATING SYSTEM
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
► Turn on the power of your computer
► Press delete/F2 to enter the CMOS Setup
► Setup the Boot Priority (1st Boot – CD, 2nd
Boot HDD)
► Press Esc.
► Press F10 (To save setup)
► Insert the Start-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD
Rom Drive.
► The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press
Enter.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
► Press F8 to Agree
► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP
► Press “C” to Create Partition.
► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP
► Select Format Using NTFS
► Type the CD Key of Windows XP.
► Continue Install by clicking next..
 Part IV

PC
TROUBLESHOOTIN
G
 Troubleshooting Tips
 (1) Trial-and-error
 (2) "It's the cable, s-----.“
 (3) Don't be frustrated!
 (4) Take notes!
 (5) Take a look?
 Troubleshooting Tips for
New Monitors
► The picture does not appear
► The Screen is not synchronized
► The position of the screen is not
in the center
► The screen is too bright or too
dark
► The screen is shaking
 Troubleshooting Tips for a
New Motherboard
► System has no power at all. Power
light does not illuminate, fan
inside the power supply does not
turn on, and indicator light on
keyboard does not turn on.
► System inoperative. Keyboard
lights are on, power indicator
lights are lit, and hard drive is
spinning.
 Troubleshooting Tips for a
New Motherboard
► System does not boot from hard disk
drive, can be booted from floppy disk
drive.
► System only boots from Floppy Disk.
Hard Disk can be read and applications
can be used, but booting from Hard
Disk is impossible.
► After install an expansion card
(network card, tape drive card, etc.)
the system no longer works properly.
 Troubleshooting Tips for a
New Motherboard
► Screen message says "Invalid
Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."
► Screen is blank.
► System does not boot from hard
disk drive, can be booted from
floppy disk drive.
► Problem
 Troubleshooting Tips for a
New Motherboard
► Screen goes blank periodically.
► Keyboard failure
► No color on screen.
► Floppy drive lights stays on.
► Error reading drive A:
► C: drive failure.
► Cannot boot system after
installing second hard drive.
 Troubleshooting Tips for a
New Motherboard
► Missing operating system on hard
drive.
► Certain keys do not function.
► Keyboard is locked, no keys
function.
 Trouble Shooting Tips after
Installing a New Video Card
► Check that the card is seated properly in
its expansion slot.
► Ensure the display cable is securely
fastened to the card's display connector.
► Make sure that the display and computer
are plugged in and receiving power
► If necessary, disable any built-in graphics
capabilities on your motherboard.
► Make sure you selected the appropriate
display device and graphics card when
you installed your enhanced driver.
 Basic Troubleshooting Tips
after Installing a New Hard
Drive
► Verify compatibility
► Check all cards
► Check all connectors and cables
► Verify jumper settings
► Check your power-supply specifications
► Verify the drive-type settings in the
system setup program
► Check for viruses
 Additional Tips for HDD
After you install your new drive, your co
The screen remains blank when you po
The system does not recognize the driv

The dealer partitioned and formatted th
 Additional Tips for HDD
 The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create
 The system error message, "Drive not Ready
 The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Pre
 The drive does not format to full capacity.
 The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-
 The system error message, "HDD controller f
 Basic Troubleshooting Tips
after Installing a New
Memory

1. No Display, 3 short beep

2. computer always hang
during the boot process
3. The installation setup
interrupt
 PART V

►PC MAINTENANCE
 PC Maintenance
• you use your computer more than a few
hours per day, we suggest you not to turn
off your computer at the end of the day.
Instead turn off only the monitor to save
electricity. Daily power up and down makes
the components exposed to high and low
temperature cycles that are not good for the
life-time of the components, particularly the
critical ones such as hard drives, CPU, and
memory. The temperature cycle would
result in expansion-shrinking cycle for the
components. The life-time of electronic
components would be increased if they are
run at constant temperature with adequate
 PC Maintenance
• If your area experiences a few times of
power outage per year, it is necessary
to use a UPS. Sudden power downs
while the system is running may cause
severe damage to hard drives.
• A tape backup and a lock to make
systems hard to move are worthy
investment for critical data.
 PC Maintenance
• Use your hand to touch and feel the
cover of your computer at least once a
week. The cover should be at room
temperature. If it feels warm there
may be a problem! Check to make
sure that the cooling fans on the
power supply and CPU are working
properly. Clean the air pathway on the
back of the power supply on a regular
basis.
 PART VI

►Computer Networking
 TOOLS IN NETWORKING
► RJ-45
► Twisted pair cable
► Crimp tool
► Ethernet hub
► router
► Network Adapter Card (NIC)
 RJ 45
► Eight-conductor data cable contains 4
pairs of wires. Each pair consists of a
solid (or predominantly) colored wire
and a white wire with a stripe of the
same color.
 Twisted Pair Cable
► Twisted pair cabling is a form of
wiring in which two conductors are
wound together for the purposes of
canceling out
electromagnetic interference (EMI)
from external sources,
electromagnetic radiation from the
UTP cable, and crosstalk between
neighboring pairs.
 Crimp Tool
► crimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply
place the plug with the cable in the
crimp tool and squeeze the grips
together, thus causing the plug to bite
into the cable.
 Ethernet Hub
► An Ethernet hub or concentrator is
a device for connecting multiple
twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet
devices together, making them act as
a single segment.
 Router
►A router is a device that determines
the proper path for data to travel
between different networks, and
forwards data packets to the next
device along this path.They connect
networks together; a LAN to a WAN for
example, to access the Internet.
Router
Router Connection
Wiring Diagrams for Straight
Through, Cross Over and Y
cables
 Straight Through
Straight Through Cable Color Code

Pin 1 white orange

Pin 2 orange
Pin 3 white green
Pin 4 blue
Pin 5 white blue
Pin 6 green
Pin 7 white brown
Pin 8 brown
 Cross Over
Cross Over Cable Color Code
Pin 1 white green
Pin 2 green
Pin 3 white orange
Pin 4 blue
Pin 5 white blue
Pin 6 orange
Pin 7 white brown
Pin 8 brown
 Y cables
white orange
Pin 1
Pin 2
orange
Pin 3
white green
Pin 6
green

Pin 1 blue
Pin 2 white blue
Pin 3 white brown
Pin 6 brown
 Connecting 2 Computers using
LAN
► Connect the cable to the LAN Card and
the other end to Ethernet Hub.
Click the control panel
Click Network Connection
Click the Local Area
Connection
Click the Properties of LAN
Click the Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
 Type the IP Address
► Class ANetwork Address 1-126
► Class BNetwork Address 128-191
► Class CNetwork Address 192-254
► Spare Address 127
 Select Use the ff. IP address
& Type the Specified IP Address, then
click OK.
 For the Other Computer type the IP
Address with the same class, then
change only the last number of the
Address.
► Example
► PC1 192.168.0.1
► PC2 192.168.0.2
► PC3 192.168.0.3
► And so on…
 Sharing your Internet to
other PC
► Use 2 LAN Card to your server.
► The internet is connected to the server
in the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2
is connected to hub/switch.
 Procedure in Sharing your
internet to other workstation
(PC)
► Click the control panel
► Click Network Wizard
Click Next
Click Next
Select the first choice, then
Next
Select the Local Area connection where
the internet is connected, then Next
Type the Computer Description
and Name, then Next
Type MSHOME, then Next
Select Printer Sharing, then
Next
Click Next
Click Next
Select the last choice, then
Next
Click Finish
 Configure the IP Address of
Local Area Connection 2 of the
other LAN
 The Other Workstation is ready for
Internet connection by configuring IP
Address of LAN
To Find the DNS Server IP
Address
Click Properties
Click Details
List of IP Address of the
Server
 The Other Workstation is ready for
Internet connection by configuring IP
Address of LAN
WORKSHOP
ON LAN