What is Passive design?

o Passive design is a design approach that makes use of local climate

to provide for some or all of the heating, cooling and ventilating
needs of a building without compromising on the comfort of the
users in the building.
o Passive design of a building refers to a design approach that uses
natural elements, like sunlight to heat, cool, or light a building,
and use of wind etc.
o Systems that employ passive design require very little
maintenance and reduce a buildings energy consumption by
minimizing or eliminating mechanical systems used to regulate
indoor temperature and lighting.



Sustainable design is a design approach that meets the needs of
present generation without compromising the needs of future
generation to meet their own needs.



It is the long-term weather pattern of an area.
Climate plays a major role in determining the design and construction of
a building.

Parameters of Climate
1. Solar radiation
2. Air temperature
3. Air humidity
4. Precipitation
5. Wind
6. Sky condition and other metrological elemental in a given region,
It is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period.

What is Passive design?
What is Climate?
What is Sustainable development?
What is Weather?
It is the general condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and
place, with regard to the temperature, moisture, cloudiness, etc.
Difference between Climate and Weather :
Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get.
Climate is the term for the average atmospheric conditions over longer
periods of time whereas Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day
temperature and precipitation activity.


Hot and Dry climate
Warm and Humid climate
Moderate climate
Cold & Cloudy climate
Cold & Sunny climate
Composite climate




















Different types of climates
Climatic Zones of India
1. HOT and DRY CLIMATE
Gujarat,
Rajasthan,
Some places of Maharashtra,
Karnataka,
Some places of Andhra Pradesh
Characteristics
o Flat with sandy or rocky ground conditions.
o Sparse vegetation (comprising cacti, thorny trees and bushes).
o Low underground water table.
o Intense solar radiation with clear sky causing uncomfortable glare.
o Very low relative humidity (ranging from 25 to 40%).
o During summer, maximum temperature is 40 to 45 degree C
during daytime and 20 to 25 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is 5 to 25 degree C during
daytime and 0 to 10 degree C at night time.
o Precipitation is less than 500 mm annually.
o Designing to control solar radiation and movement of hot winds.
o Provide shading, reducing exposed area, controlling ventilation,
increasing thermal capacity and presence of water bodies.


2. WARM and HUMID CLIMATE
Western belts of Maharashtra,
Western belts of Kerala,
East of Andhra Pradesh,
Orissa,
West- Bengal,
North-east parts of India

Characteristics
o High diffuse fraction of solar radiation due to cloud cover.
o Intense radiation on clear sky.
o Very high relative humidity (ranging from 70 to 90% throughout
the year).
o During summer, maximum temperature is 30 to 35 degree C
during daytime and 25 to 30 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is 25 to 30 degree C during
daytime and 20 to 25 degree C at night time.
o High Precipitation, about 1200 mm per year.
o High temperature accompanied by very high humidity leading to
discomfort.
o Cross-ventilation is very essential and desirable.
o Protection from direct Solar Radiation by shading.


3. MODERATE CLIMATE
Some places of Maharashtra,
Some places of Karnataka,

Characteristics
o Solar radiation is more or less same throughout the year.
o Being located at higher elevations, maintain a moderate
temperature (not too hot nor too cold).
o Winds are high and sky is mostly clear.
o Relative humidity is low in summers & winters about 20-25%, &
upto 55 to 90% during monsoons.
o During summer, maximum temperature is 30 to 34 degree C
during daytime and 17 to 24 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is 27 to 33 degree C during
daytime and 16 to 18 degree C at night time.
o Precipitation exceeds 1000 mm per year.
o Design criteria is to reduce heat gain by providing shading, and to
promote heat loss by ventilation.

4. COLD and CLOUDY CLIMATE
Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
Uttaranchal
Some places of Sikkim, Assam & Mizoram
Some places of Madhya Pradesh
Some places of Maharashtra
Some places of Kerala

Characteristics
o Solar radiation is low in winter , Winters are extremely cold.
o Relative humidity is high and ranges from 70-80%.
o During summer, maximum temperature is 20 to 30 degree C
during daytime and 17 to 27 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is 4 to 8 degree C during
daytime and -3 to 4 degree C at night time.
o Precipitation is about 1000 mm distributed evenly throughout the
year.
o Sky is covered/overcast most of the year.
o Design criteria - resisting heat loss by insulation and infiltration.
o Promoting heat gain by directly admitting and trapping solar
radiation within living spaces.


5. COLD and SUNNY CLIMATE
Some places of Jammu & Kashmir
Some places of Rajasthan
Characteristics
o Solar radiation is very intense.
o Relative humidity is low and ranges from 10-50%.
o During summer, maximum temperature is 17 to 24 degree C
during daytime and 4 to11 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is -7 to 8 degree C during
daytime and -14 to 0 degree C at night time.
o Precipitation is generally less than 200 mm per year.
o Winds are occasionally intense.
o Sky is clear throughout the year.
o Designing to control solar radiation and movement of hot winds.


6. COMPOSITE CLIMATE
Major parts of Rajasthan,
Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar,
Jharkhand,
Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Pradesh,
Some parts of Orissa,
Some parts of Maharashtra,
Some parts of Andhra Pradesh

Characteristics
o Variable landscape and seasonal vegetation characterize this zone.
o High intensity of solar radiation.
o Relative humidity is 20 to 25% in dry periods and 55-95% in wet
periods.
o During summer, maximum temperature is 30 to 34 degree C
during daytime and 17 to 24 degree C at night time.
o In winter, maximum temperature is 27 to 33 degree C during
daytime and 16 to 18 degree C at night time.
o Precipitation varies between 500-1300 mm per year.
o Strong winds during monsoons from south-east and dry cold
winds from north-east.
o In summer, winds are hot and dusty.
o Design criteria is same like hot & dry except for max. cross
ventilation in monsoons.