CHRONOLOGY/TIMELINE

The Beginning
1888 BC Evenor colonises the Aegean (Achaeans invade Greece in two waves ro! ""## $C and
%&##'%(## $C) Tro* +I/+II ,-ilt. /irst Minoan 0alace ,-ilt at 1nossos c.%&## $C2
1842 Atlas the son o Evenor gives his na!e to Atlantis
The $irth o the 3orld
1788 BC Chaos gives ,irth to Gia (Mother Earth2 (Achaeans invade Greece in two waves ro! ""##
$C and %&##'%(## $C) Tro* +I/+II ,-ilt. /irst Minoan 0alace ,-ilt at 1nossos c.%&## $C2
1770 Gia gives ,irth to 4ran-s (the 56*2
1750 4ran-s ra0es Gia. (5hat to!,s at M*cenae constr-cted ,etween %78# and %89# $C2
ro! Gia.
1710 The Titans ight 4ran-s and event-all* he is deeated ,* Cronos (5at-rn2.
Cronos c-ts o 4ran-s: genitals with a sic6le and throws the! towards 1*thara. The sea ,egins to roth
and A0hrodite e!erges na6ed ro! the sea o the coast o C*0r-s.
The Reign of the Titans.
1705-1675 BC Cronos (5at-rn2 ,eco!es r-ler o Ol*!0-s. Golden Age o Man6ind (5at-r r-les at
1nossos c.%7"9'%;79 $C. <alace at 1nossos destro*ed c.%7## $C then re,-ilt2
Cronos i!0risons the He6adoncheries and C*clo0es in Tartar-s located in the -nderworld) then
organises the Titans giving each a do!inion. <alace is ,-ilt at Ol*!0-s.
1703 BC Cronos hears a 0ro0hec* ro! Gia (Earth2.
Cronos is warned not to ta6e Rhea as his wie or have children with her) otherwise one o his children
will dethrone hi! ater he ta6es his sister Rhea as his wie) who gives ,irth to Hestia) =e!eter) Hera)
Hades) <oseidon) and >e-s.
Cronos swallows his children in order to avoid the 0ro0hes* ,-t stone is s-,stit-ted ,* Rhea in 0lace o
>e-s who is ta6en ,* his !other into hiding in Crete.
The Rise of the Gods
1703-1687 BC >e-s grows -0 and is visited secretl* ,* his !other.
3hen grown he !a6es 0lans together with Rhea and Gia to ree his ,rothers and sisters.
>e-s goes to Ol*!0-s in disg-ise and sits at dinner with the Titans and his ather who thin6ing >e-s
had ,een swallowed does not recognise hi!.
>e-s !a6es Cronos dr-n6) who then vo!its o-t the gods he swallowed. The stone is also vo!ited.
Cronos sees the stone and recognises >e-s.
>e-s and his ,rothers ight Cronos to !a6e their getawa*.
1687 >e-s attac6s the Titans.
5o!e Titans side with >e-s) i.e. <ro!ethe-s) E0i!ethe-s.
Atlas is co!!ander o the Titans lo*al to Cronos. The 3ar lasts %# *ears.
The Gods then release the He6adoncheries and the C*clo0es ro! i!0rison!ent in Tartar-s) who
,eco!e their allies.
1687 or 1677 >e-s ta6es his sister Hera as wie
1687-1677 $irths o He0haest-s) Ares) Eris) He,e.
1677 +ictor* or >e-s. (H*6sos =*nast* invades and r-les Eg*0t ro! %;78 to %98; $C2
Cronos is e?iled to El*sia.
Atlas is 0-nished ,* ,eing !ade to carr* the heavens on his sho-lders.
>e-s and the other gods draw lots or their 0osition in the new regi!e.
>e-s gets to r-le the heavens) <oseidon the sea and Hades the -nderworld.
The land is co!!on to all o the gods.
The Affairs of the Gods .
1677-1628 The 5ilver or second o the /ive ages o !an6ind ,egins.
1677 >e-s has vario-s aairs with the gods and Titans. (see a!il* trees.2
1677 ' 1675 $irths o A0ollo) Arte!is) Her!es) Athene ,* dierent !others.
1667 <ro!ethe-s is chained to the roc6s ater stealing the secret o ire ro! the Gods and giving it to
!an
1667 or 1515 >e-s has aair Io (Io-n2 the da-ghter o Inarch-s the son o Ocean-s and carries her o to
Eg*0t. (The H*6sos 6ing $eon also called 1h*an r-les Eg*0t %;;7.9'%;89.9 $C2

1664 Hera6les the =act*l holds the irst Ol*!0ic Ga!es
1660 <horone-s the irst !an r-les over the entire <elo0onnese ro! <hronoci-! later to ,eco!e
Argos
<ro!ethe-s gives !an the secret o ire and is 0-nished ,* the Gods.
1654 The gods create <andora. E0i!ethe-s is given <andora to ,e his wie. <andora is given a ,ottle as
a wedding 0resent and told not to o0en it. <andora o0ens it and !an6ind s-ers the conse@-ences.
1637 or 1668 Her!es steals A0ollo:s cattle. (%8 ro*al to!,s at M*cenae date ,etween %;9#'%99# $C2
1628 The ,attle o the Gods and Giants. T*0hon is deeated and i!0risoned -nder a volcano. (Thera
volcano er-0ts in %;"( $C. Minoan 0alace at 1nossos destro*ed ,* earth@-a6es c.%;## $C2 ( Noah:s
/lood ta6es 0lace in %;"7 $C according to the ,i,le2
1628-1460 BC The $raAen) or third o the ive ages o !an6ind
1628 >e-s sed-ces Nio,e the da-ghter o <horone-s (irst o >e-s aairs with !ortal wo!en2
1628 Car the son o <horone-s o-nds the cit* o Megara
1610 Arg-s the grandson o <horone-s o-nds the cit* o Argos (Achaean invaders reach region o
M*cenae c.%;## $C2
1560 A0ollo 6ills Arg-s/Trio0as
1535 <elasg-s r-les over Arcadia
1510 <ol*caon son o Lela? r-les in Messenia and M*les r-les in 50arta
1510 The Aloads) Otos and E0hialtes sons o I0hi!edeia 0ile the !o-ntains on to0 o each other in
order to reach the Gods (The ,i,lical tower o $a,el is ,-ilt at the end o the reign o <haleg %9%%'
%9#" $C2
1500-1460 L*caon 0rovo6es the Gods anger ,* !-rdering his son N*cti!-s and serving hi! -0 to the
Gods
The Heroic Age
1460-1103 BC The Heroic second ,raAen) or o-rth o the ive ages o !an6ind
1464 =an-s and Aeg*0t-s ,egin e-ding (c.%8(# $C T-t!oses III ca!0aigns in Asia'Minor2
1464 A /lood is sent ,* >e-s to destro* all o !an6ind. =e-calion and his a!il* esca0es in an Ar6
which <ro!ethe-s tells hi! to ,-ild.
1452 >e-s violates E-ro0e) ,irth o Minos (M*cenaean:s con@-er Minoans in Crete c.%89# $C.
Earth@-a6e destro*s cit* at 1nossos c.%89# $C. <alace is re,-ilt and -sed -ntil c.%B(# $C2
1451 Cad!-s colonises $ootia and o-nds The,es.
1440 =ardan-s o-nds Tro* ater ,eing given a share in the 6ingdo! o Te-cer 6ing o <hr*gia
(Th-rgal is 6ing o the Hittites ro! %8;#'%88#2
1434 Minos I ,eco!es 6ing o Crete
1432 =ion*s-s the son o >e-s and 5e!ele da-ghter o Cad!-s is ,orn (At <*los =i'wo'ni'so'Co is
o-nd inscri,ed in Linear'$ c.%"9# $C2
1414 Ol*!0ic Ga!es held 9# *ears ater the lood
1414 =ion*s-s is entertained ,* A!0h*ction 6ing o Athens
1413 Erichthoni-s now r-les at Athens
1413 Erichthoni-s r-les at Tro*
1400 Cin*ras the son o <a0hos the son o <*g!alion the son o $el-s -nds the cit* o <a0hos in
C*0r-s (C*0r-s is con@-ered ,* the M*cenaean:s and Minoan colon* wi0ed o-t c.%8##2
1386 =ion*s-s 6nown as Ta-ro 1ranos restores A!!on as 6ing o Eg*0t then con@-ers =a!asc-s and
all o India. (A!enhote0 III reigns ro! %B(;'%B8&) Ar*an invaders destro* Ind-s +alle* civilisation
c.%8##) T-dhalia III (T-rgal2 r-les the Hittites %8##'%B(# $C2 (According to the ,i,le =agon is God o
the <hilistines a 0eo0le whose c-lt-re is M*cenaean and who are conte!0oraries o A,raha! c.%B&#
$C) 3ar occ-rs in 5*ria ,etween & 6ings c.%B&# $C 2
1377 Tecte!-s the son o =or-s o-nds colon* in Crete and athers Asteri-s (second M*cenaean wave
o colonisation in Crete 0-ts and end to Minoan 0alace civilisation c.%8## $C2
1375 =ion*s-s drives <enthe-s the 6ing o The,es to !adness
1365 <erse-s son o =anae ,* >e-s is ,orn
1364 Aetol-s con@-ers Aetolia ater !-rdering =or-s the son o <hthia and his ,rothers
1345 <egas-s the winged horse ,orn ro! Med-sas ,lood ater she is slain ,* <erse-s
1342-1320 The children o <erse-s and Andro!eda are ,orn (/ortress o M*cenae ,-ilt ,etween %8##
and %"##2
1339 <erse-s accidentall* 6ills his grandather Acrisi-s at -neral Ga!es o 1ing Te-ta!ides ather
1333 $ellero0hon at 6ing <roet-s co-rt
1325 Mela!0-s the seer c-res the !adness o the Argive wo!en and receives one third o <roet-s
6ingdo! and his ,rother $ias another third. /irst te!0le ,-ilt to =ion*s-s.
1321 <hri?-s while a ,o* is ta6en to Colchis ,* a Golden La!,
1315-1282 <elo0s the son o Tantal-s 6ing o <hr*gia and L*dia lees Asia Minor and r-les in <isa and
Ol*!0ia (M-rsilis 6ing o the Hittites whose na!e is Canda-les in L*dian dies in %8%9 $C2
1314 <elo0s sister Nio,e !arries A!0hion 6ing o The,es
1314 <elo0s holds Ol*!0ic Ga!es
1314 The Argona-ghts Calais and >ates are ,orn to Oreith*ia and $ores
1400 <elo0s !arries Hi00oda!ia
1400 or 1390 Lai-s caries o Chr*si00-s the son o <elo0s and Ast*oche
1299 Minos II the grandson o Minos ,eco!es 6ing o Crete ater Asteri-s dies (Most Linear $
inscri0tions o-nd date ro! %"9#'%%79 $C and no earlier than c.%B9#'%B## $C2
1293 Alci-s the son o <erse-s 6ills $-saris the 6ing o Eg*0t and his son ater esca0ing ro! ,eing
ta6en 0risoner to ,e sacriiced in order to 0-t an end to a long a!ine (Hore!ehe, 6nown also as
Moeris or $occhoris reigns in Eg*0t ro! %B"%'%"&B ollowed ,* Ra!ses I %"&B'%"&% d-ring a 0eriod
o 0estilence2 ($i,lical a!ine o Dose0h occ-rs in %B%# $C2
1290 Oe,al-s ,eco!es the second h-s,and o Gorgo0hone the da-ghter o <erse-s
e!r"ar# 10 1286 Hera6les is conceived when >e-s e?tends one night into three (Total solar ecli0se
over Aegean2
$%to!er 31 1286 or &e%e'!er 4 1286 Hera6les is ,orn and na!ed <ala!on (/east o $eltane2
1286-1264 5thenel-s ta6es throne o M*cenae ater A!0h*trion 6ills Electr*on son o <erse-s
1285 Hera6les strangles " ser0ents sent ,* Hera
1283 $ias 6illed ,* his ne0hew <*las
1282 Aeac-s hel0s <oseidon ,-ild the walls o Tro* or Laoda!aon now 6ing o Tro*
1274 <elias i!0risons Aeson and ta6es the throne ater the ,irth o Dason
1268 Hera6les lies with Thes0i-s 9# da-ghters and 6ills the Lion o Cithaeron
1264-1246 Oede0-s 6ills Lai-s the 6ing o The,es and !arries his own !other
1264 Aege-s accidentall* 6ills Minos son Androge-s at Ga!es held in hono-r o Lai-s 6ing o The,es
and is orced to 0a* a tri,-te o 7 Athenian ,o*s and girls ever* & *ears
1264 Atre-s and Th*estes !arch against Lai-s the 6ing o The,es (Hittite inscri0tion ,earing the na!e
Atre-s and acc-sing hi! o raiding their territor* dates to c.%"9# $C2
1264 All o Greece 0lag-ed ,* earth@-a6es and a!ine d-e to <elo0s !-rder o 5t*!0hal-s or the
Athenians !-rder o Androge-s and Aeac-s is sent to 0ra* or deliverance
1264 Hera6les !arries Megara ater deeating the Min*ans while Creon is 6ing o The,es in 0lace o
Lai-s
1262 These-s is ,orn
1258-1246 The La,o-rs o Hera6les ta6e 0lace while E-resthe-s is High 1ing o M*cenae (3alls o
M*cenae e?tended and Lion Gate ,-ilt c.%"9# $C. Indications o serio-s destr-ction o ho-ses o-tside
walls c.%"9# $C2
1257 or 1247 The Caledonian $oar h-nt
1257 or 1247 Castor) <ol*d-ces and Idas and L*nce-s ,egin e-ding
1255 or 1247 The !arriage o <ele-s to his second wie Thetis
1254 or 1246 The 8 !onth long vo*age o Dason and the Argona-ghts (M*cenaean re!ains o-nd in
so-thern Ital* and 5icil* c.%8##'%"## $C2
1253 or 1245 E-!ol0-s is victorio-s in the l-te contest at <elias -neral ga!es
1248 or 1245 The stor* o Or0he-s and E-ridice
1246 Aege-s athers Med-s ,* Media who lees to Athens ater !-rdering Gla-ce the da-ghter o
Creon
1246 These-s 6ills the Minota-r at the centre o the La,*rinth ,-ilt ,* =aedel-s (<lace called
=aidaleion !entioned in Linear'$ inscri0tions o-nd at 1nossos dating to c.%"9# $C2
1246 The ,irth o Achilles
1246-1242 Hera6les is sold as a slave to O!0hale ater 6illing I0hit-s
1242-1238 Hera6les settles old scores in the <elo0onnese
1242 Hera6les sac6s Tro* and 0-ts a *o-ng <ria! on the throne (Tro* +II destro*ed c.%"9# $C2
1241 Hera6les con@-ers Elis
1240 or 1230 Hera6les 0laces Nestor who is still a ,o* on the throne o Messenia ater 6illing his
,rothers and ather 6ing Nele-s o <*los or hel0ing the Elians (<*los alls c.%"9# $C2
1239 Hera6les deeats the sons o Hi00ocoon and restores the throne o 50arta to T*ndare-s ado0tive
ather o Helen
1239 Hera6les esta,lishes Ol*!0ic Ga!es at Elis. <ol*d-ces is cha!0ion $o?er.
1238 Hera6les leaves the <elo0onnese and !arries =eianara
1235 Hera6les e?iled to Thrachis ater 6illing one o Oene-s 6ins!en
1234 Ness-s carries o =eianara and is 6illed ,* Hera6les with a 0oison arrow
1232 Cheiron accidentall* shot in the oot while entertaining Hera6les and Achilles his st-dent) orcing
hi! to give -0 his i!!ortalit*
1230 The ,irth o <aris
1230 or 1224 The ,irths Cl*te!nestra E Helen (Last o >e-s:s aairs with !ortals2
1229 Hera6les 6ills C*cn-s the son o Ares
1228 The 7 against The,es
1225 <ro0hec* revealed ro! Oracle o =odona that Hera6les wo-ld die in %9 !onths ater carr*ing
o Iole
1223 Hera6les dies and ,eco!es a god
1223 E-resthe-s deeated ,* These-s and ,eheaded ,* H*ll-s the son o Hera6les
1223-1103 BC The (e))eni% *ars
+ar%h 5 1223 Atre-s ta6es the throne o M*cenae (Total solar ecli0se over Aegean2
1223 The ,irth o Aga!e!non
1223 Lai-s ,eco!es ather o Od*sse-s
1218 These-s ca0t-res The,es and ,-ries the ,odies o the seven which were let -n,-ried ,* Creon.
1218 or 1212 These-s a,d-cts Helen when she is %" *ears old and he is 9#.
1213 H*ll-s the son o Hera6les is slain at the Isth!-s o Corinth while ighting against Atre-s
cha!0ion (C*clo0ean deensive 3all ,-ilt at Isth!-s o Corinth c.%""#'%"## $C.2
1213 Hera6les !other Alc!ene dies at the age o a,o-t &#
1210 or 1204 These-s is 6illed soon ater he ret-rns ro! 8 *ears in Tartar-s ater ,eing orced to lee
Athens ,* Helens ,rothers
1208 The E0igoni attac6 The,es (The,an 0alace destro*ed c.%"## $C then reocc-0ied2
1207 Ater several ,ad harvests Atre-s is slain ,* 7 *ear old Aeigisth-s and Th*estes ta6es the throne
o M*cenae (Indications o serio-s destr-ction o ho-ses o-tside walls o M*cenae c.%"## $C2
1205 The $ea-t* contest. Aga!e!non avenges Atre-s !-rder
1203 Helen a,d-cted ,* <aris. /irst Gathering at Aeolis (Indications o Invasion o M*cenae ,* 0eo0le
ro! Central Asia c.%"##'%%&# $C. 5erio-s destr-ction at M*cenae c.%"## $C.2
1201 /irst Gathering at Aeolis
1193 The atte!0ted sacriice o I0higenia. 5econd Gathering at Aeolis (Inscri0tions ,earing the na!e
I0hi!edeia o-nd at 1nossos2
1193-1183 The siege o Tro* (Tro* +IIA destro*ed c.%"## $C2 (According to Manetho the $i,lical
E?od-s ta6es 0lace in the reign o 5eti II %%&&'%%&B $C2
1183 The ca0t-re o Tro*
1183-1182 The ret-rn and !-rder o Aga!e!non (%B Ga!elion %%(B2
1183-1173 The Od*sse* (A !assive tidal wave swa!0s the Aegean and reaches C*0r-s in c.%"## $C2
1180 Te-cer con@-ers C*0r-s
A,ri) 16 1178 The s-itors vie or <enelo0e (Total solar ecli0se over Aegean2
1175 Menele-s lees Eg*0t (Ra!ses III e?0els 5ea'<eo0les ro! Eg*0t in %%79 $C2
1175 The vengeance o Orestes against C*te!nestra and Aegisthe-s
1175-1174 Orestes is 0-rs-ed ,* the Erinn*es
1173 Her!es athers <an ,* <anelo0e wie o Od*sse-s
1163 Orestes 6ills Aletes son o Aegisthe-s grandson o Th*estes ater he -s-r0s the throne when
Orestes ends his search or I0higenia
1163 The Hera6ilds res-!e their attac6s on M*cenae it* *ears on. Orestes is told ,* the =el0hi
Oracle to !ove ro! M*cenae to Ar6adia. (Indications o serio-s destr-ction o ho-ses o-tside walls o
M*cenae c.%%9# $C2
1143 A-tesion e?0elled ro! The,es ater he deects to the Hera6lids
1124 Tsa!ne-s the son o Orestes r-les over M*cenae
1115 <enthil-s the son o Orestes seiAes Les,os
1103 The Hera6lids deeat Tsia!ne-s the son o Orestes and con@-er the <elo0onnese. (Indications o
Invasion o M*cenae ,* 0eo0le or! Central Asia c. %%## $C. Attac6 on Asia Minor ,* Tiglath'<ileser
I 6ing o Ass*ria in %%%# $C2
1103 BC The )ast of the fi-e ages of 'an.ind the /ron age

The 50artan age

1103 In a lotter* E-r*sthenese and <roclese the sons o Aristode!-s win 50arta and Cres0hontes gets
to r-le Messenia
1075 Codr-s s-cceeds Melanth-s as 6ing o Athens. The Ionians lee the 50artan onsla-ght and see6
re-gee in Athens and o-nd new colonies in Asia'Minor.
1067 Medon s-cceeds Codr-s and red-ces the archonshi0 to a !a?i!-! d-ration o %# *ears. The
Athenians o-nd colonies in Caria and other 0arts o Asia led ,* Neile-s the son o Codr-s and
<hilist-s the son o <asicles (The <hilistines r-le !ost o <alestine ro! the ti!e o 5a!0son to the end
o the reign o 5a-l %#79.9'%#%;.9 $C2
1064 Cres0hontes is !-rdered and the sons o Aristode!-s hel0 his *o-ngest son Ae*0t-s win ,ac6 the
throne
1061 <atre-s the son o <re-genes o-nds cit* o <atrae in Achaea
1052 Gras the son o Echelas son o <enthil-s occ-0ies Aeolis
1030 Echestrat-s re!oves all the C*n-rians o !ilitar* age) alleging as a reason that ree,ooters ro!
the C*n-rian territor* were harr*ing Argolis.
979 3ar against the Argives or anne?ing the C*n-rian territor* which the 50artans had ca0t-red) and
ca-sing revolts a!ong their s-,Cects the <erioeci.
958-883 <eace in 50arta
883 Charill-s is !ade a ward o L*c-rg-s
865 Charill-s devastates the land o the Argives and hel0s Archela-s to destro* Aeg*s then ca!0aigns
against Tegea in vain
850 L*c-rg-s collects together the wor6s o Ho!er
825 Teleclese con@-ers and red-ces A!*clae) <haris) and Geranthrae) cities o the <erioeciis
785 Teleclese is !-rdered ,* the Messenians in the sanct-ar* o Arte!is
776 The Ol*!0ics is revived at Elis in the %#
th
*ear o Theo0o!0-s
776 The irst Messenian war is 0rovo6ed
758 Androcles is !-rdered and Antioch-s r-les Messenia alone
757 The 50artans attac6 A!0heia
754 <ol*dor-s sends colonists to Ital*
738 The irst Messenian war ends
727-717 Hi00o!enes archon o Athens 6ills his da-ghters ad-lterer ,* *o6ing hi! -0 to his chariot and
then loc6s his da-ghter -0 with a horse -ntil she dies
719 <ol*dor-s is !-rdered ,* <ol*!arch-s
716 The reign o the Hera6lids over L*dia is ended when Canda-les 6nown as M*rsil-s to the Gree6s
is !-rdered ,* G*ges ,eca-se o his wie:s anger
685 or 699 The second Messenian war ,egins
670 <erdi66as lees ro! Argos to Macedonia and con@-ers the land
665 or 679 second Messenian war ends
655 C*0sil-s s-,Cects Corinth to t*rann*
645-560 4ns-ccess-l wars with Tegea
642 or 626 $att-s esta,lishes a Gree6 colon* in L*,ia
632 C*lon atte!0ts to s-,Cect Athens to his t*rann*
600 Arion is resc-ed ,* a =ol0hin ro! ,eing drowned ,* 0irates
591 5olon reor!s the Athenian constit-tion and de0arts
28 +a# 585 A total 5olar Ecli0se 0redicted ,* Thales the Milesisan ends war ,etween the L*dian:s and
Medes
570 5olon visits the co-rt o Ah!ose II
560 The Oracle o A0ollo at =el0hi advises Ana?andrid-s and Ariston to ind the ,ones o Orestes and
re,-r* the! to o,tain s-ccess in their ,attles. The 50artans win the war with Tegea

The Athenian Age

559 <eisistrat-s seiAes 0ower in Athens and ,egins a 8& *ear long t*rann* -nder his and his sons r-le
546 C*r-s ta6es L*dia and harshl* treats the Ionian and Achean colonies who o-ght alongside Croes-s
540 <*thagoras teaches !athe!atics and 0hiloso0h*
510 Clisthenes leads the 0eo0le Athens
490 The <ersians are deeated at the $attle o Marathon
480 or 478 The $attle o 5ala!is is won ,* the Gree6s and the Athenian Golden Age ,egins
447 The <arthenon is ,-ilt
440 Herodot-s writes his histories