PVT

PVT
Pressure Volume Temperature
Pressure Volume Temperature
Adrian C Todd
Adrian C Todd
Heriot-Watt University
Heriot-Watt University
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Heriot-Watt University
Heriot-Watt University
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

PVT - Scope
PVT - Scope
G
Reservoir f!id ana"sis provides #e" da$a $o
Reservoir f!id ana"sis provides #e" da$a $o
$%e pe$roe!& en'ineer(
$%e pe$roe!& en'ineer(
G
)!ai$" of $%e $es$in' is i&por$an$ $o ens!re
)!ai$" of $%e $es$in' is i&por$an$ $o ens!re
reais$ic va!es !sed in desi'n(
reais$ic va!es !sed in desi'n(
G
Sa&pe *!ai$" is $%e firs$ *!ai$" iss!e(
Sa&pe *!ai$" is $%e firs$ *!ai$" iss!e(

PVT Ana"sis
PVT Ana"sis
G
Provides da$a for fied eva!a$ion and desi'n
Provides da$a for fied eva!a$ion and desi'n

Reservoir cac!a$ions
Reservoir cac!a$ions

+e fo, cac!a$ions
+e fo, cac!a$ions

S!rface facii$ies
S!rface facii$ies

PVT Ana"sis
PVT Ana"sis
G
Correa$ion -e$,een press!re and vo!&e a$
Correa$ion -e$,een press!re and vo!&e a$
reservoir $e&pera$!re(
reservoir $e&pera$!re(
G
Vario!s p%"sica cons$an$s in reservoir
Vario!s p%"sica cons$an$s in reservoir
cac!a$ions. viscosi$"/ densi$"/ co&pressi-ii$"(
cac!a$ions. viscosi$"/ densi$"/ co&pressi-ii$"(
G
Effec$ of separa$or condi$ions on 0o 1 GOR( e$c(
Effec$ of separa$or condi$ions on 0o 1 GOR( e$c(
G
C%e&ica co&posi$ion of $%e voa$ie co&ponen$s(
C%e&ica co&posi$ion of $%e voa$ie co&ponen$s(

PVT Ana"sis
PVT Ana"sis
G
Scope of $%e ana"sis depends on $%e na$!re of $%e f!id( Scope of $%e ana"sis depends on $%e na$!re of $%e f!id(
G
Dry gas Dry gas: :

co&posi$ion/ specific 'ravi$"/ 0'/ 2/ and viscosi$" co&posi$ion/ specific 'ravi$"/ 0'/ 2/ and viscosi$"
G
Wet gas Wet gas: :

as a-ove p!s infor&a$ion on i*!id drop o!$/ *!an$i$ies and as a-ove p!s infor&a$ion on i*!id drop o!$/ *!an$i$ies and
co&posi$ions( co&posi$ions(
G
Oil system: Oil system:

0!--e poin$ press!re/ co&posi$ion of reservoir and prod!ced 0!--e poin$ press!re/ co&posi$ion of reservoir and prod!ced
f!ids/ 0o/ GOR/ 0$ and viscosi$"( A as f!nc$ion of press!re( f!ids/ 0o/ GOR/ 0$ and viscosi$"( A as f!nc$ion of press!re(
Co( Co(

0eo, P- considera$ions( 0eo, P- considera$ions(

PVT Ana"sis
PVT Ana"sis
G
Gas condensate: Gas condensate:

Refec$ ,e$ 'as and oi( Refec$ ,e$ 'as and oi(

De, poin$ press!re De, poin$ press!re

Co&pressi-ii$" a-ove Pd( Co&pressi-ii$" a-ove Pd(

I&pac$ of droppin' -eo, Pd I&pac$ of droppin' -eo, Pd

Sa&pin'
Sa&pin'
G
Cear" $%e sa&pe %as $o represen$a$ive of
Cear" $%e sa&pe %as $o represen$a$ive of
$%e reservoir con$en$s or $%e draina'e area(
$%e reservoir con$en$s or $%e draina'e area(
G
Desira-e $o $a#e sa&pes ear" in $%e ife of
Desira-e $o $a#e sa&pes ear" in $%e ife of
$%e reservoir(
$%e reservoir(
G
Ei$%er s!--s!rface or s!rface sa&pin'(
Ei$%er s!--s!rface or s!rface sa&pin'(

S!--S!rface Sa&pin'
S!--S!rface Sa&pin'
G
Can on" -e Can on" -e
represen$a$ive ,%en represen$a$ive ,%en
press!re a$ sa&pin' press!re a$ sa&pin'
poin$ is a-ove or e*!a $o poin$ is a-ove or e*!a $o
$%e sa$!ra$ion press!re( $%e sa$!ra$ion press!re(
G
A$ press!re cose $o A$ press!re cose $o
sa$!ra$ion press!re sa$!ra$ion press!re
serio!s possi-ii$" of serio!s possi-ii$" of
sa&pe in$e'ri$" -ein' sa&pe in$e'ri$" -ein'
os$( os$(
G
In recen$ "ears In recen$ "ears
considera-e advance in considera-e advance in
do,n%oe f!id sa&pin' do,n%oe f!id sa&pin'

S!rface Sa&pin'
S!rface Sa&pin'
G
Sa&pes of oi and 'as $a#en fro& separa$or
Sa&pes of oi and 'as $a#en fro& separa$or
connec$ed ,i$% $%e ,e(
connec$ed ,i$% $%e ,e(
G
F!ids reco&-ined in $%e a-ora$or" on $%e
F!ids reco&-ined in $%e a-ora$or" on $%e
-asis of $%e prod!ced GOR
-asis of $%e prod!ced GOR

Ver$ica and
Ver$ica and
3ori2on$a
3ori2on$a
Separa$ors
Separa$ors

Separa$or Gas Sa&pin'
Separa$or Gas Sa&pin'

Separa$or Li*!id Sa&pin' -" Gas
Separa$or Li*!id Sa&pin' -" Gas
Dispace&en$
Dispace&en$

Separa$or Li*!id Sa&pin' -" +a$er
Separa$or Li*!id Sa&pin' -" +a$er
Dispace&en$
Dispace&en$

+e%ead sa&pin'
+e%ead sa&pin'
G
A o, cos$ op$ion(
A o, cos$ op$ion(
G
On" possi-e for ver"
On" possi-e for ver"
!ndersa$!ra$ed
!ndersa$!ra$ed
s"$se&s(
s"$se&s(
G
S$i sin'e p%ase a$
S$i sin'e p%ase a$
,e%ead(
,e%ead(

Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and Gas Condensa$e
Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and Gas Condensa$e
S"s$e&s
S"s$e&s
G
Use and va!e of an" PVT s$!d" dependan$
Use and va!e of an" PVT s$!d" dependan$
on $%e *!ai$" of $%e sa&pe coec$ed(
on $%e *!ai$" of $%e sa&pe coec$ed(
G
Sa&pin' ,e$ 'as and 'as condensa$e f!ids
Sa&pin' ,e$ 'as and 'as condensa$e f!ids
can 'ive rise $o errors(
can 'ive rise $o errors(
G
D!rin' sa&pin' proced!re i$ is possi-e $o
D!rin' sa&pin' proced!re i$ is possi-e $o
a$er $%e condi$ions so $%a$ sa&pes are no$
a$er $%e condi$ions so $%a$ sa&pes are no$
represen$a$ive(
represen$a$ive(
G
An i&por$an$ considera$ion is $%e p%ase
An i&por$an$ considera$ion is $%e p%ase
-e%avio!r(
-e%avio!r(

P%ase 0e%avio!r(
P%ase 0e%avio!r(
G
F!ids !ni*!e"
F!ids !ni*!e"
descri-ed -" p%ase
descri-ed -" p%ase
dia'ra&(
dia'ra&(
G
+i$%in $%e p%ase
+i$%in $%e p%ase
dia'ra& s"s$e& is
dia'ra& s"s$e& is
$,o p%ase(
$,o p%ase(
G
+%ereas o!$side
+%ereas o!$side
$%e p%ase enveope
$%e p%ase enveope
sin'e p%ase
sin'e p%ase
Sin'e p%ase
T,o p%ase

P%ase 0e%avio!r(
P%ase 0e%avio!r(
G
T%e separa$ion of oi T%e separa$ion of oi
and 'as as predic$ed and 'as as predic$ed
-" $%e p%ase dia'ra& -" $%e p%ase dia'ra&
res!$s in eac% p%ase res!$s in eac% p%ase
%avin' i$s o,n p%ase %avin' i$s o,n p%ase
dia'ra&( dia'ra&(
G
T%e oi e4is$s a$ i$s T%e oi e4is$s a$ i$s
-!--e poin$ ( -!--e poin$ (
G
T%e 'as e4is$s a$ i$s T%e 'as e4is$s a$ i$s
de, poin$( de, poin$(
G
T%is -e%avio!r %as T%is -e%avio!r %as
i&por$an$ i&pica$ions i&por$an$ i&pica$ions
on ,e sa&pin' on ,e sa&pin'

Sa&pin' +e$
Sa&pin' +e$
Gas and Gas
Gas and Gas
Condensa$e
Condensa$e
Reservoirs
Reservoirs
G
Po$en$ia oca$ions
Po$en$ia oca$ions
for reservoir
for reservoir
sa&pin'
sa&pin'

Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and
Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and
Gas Condensa$e
Gas Condensa$e
Reservoirs
Reservoirs
G
Loca$ion Loca$ion
G
5( Reservoir 5( Reservoir
G
6(0o$$o&-%oe 6(0o$$o&-%oe
G
7(+e 3ead 7(+e 3ead
G
8( Separa$or 8( Separa$or
G
For(
G
5( Idea
G
6( 5-p%ase
G
7( Cos$
G
8( Cos$/ 5-p%ase/
-!ffer/sa&pin' vo!&e

G
A'ains$ A'ains$
G
5( I&possi-e 5( I&possi-e
G
6( Represen$a$ive 9 Tec%noo'"/ Cos$/ 3andin'( 6( Represen$a$ive 9 Tec%noo'"/ Cos$/ 3andin'(
G
7( 6-p%ase 9 Represen$a$ive 9/ 7( 6-p%ase 9 Represen$a$ive 9/
G
8(Gas:i*!id vo!&es// separa$or condi$ions/ 8(Gas:i*!id vo!&es// separa$or condi$ions/
Represen$a$ive 9/ Represen$a$ive 9/

Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and
Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and
Gas Condensa$e
Gas Condensa$e
Reservoirs-Fo,in' ,e(
Reservoirs-Fo,in' ,e(
G
+e -e%avio!r can +e -e%avio!r can
si'nifican$" inf!ence si'nifican$" inf!ence
na$!re and na$!re and
c%arac$eris$ics of f!ids c%arac$eris$ics of f!ids
prod!ced( prod!ced(
G
Fo,in' ,e 'as Fo,in' ,e 'as
condensa$e - &is$ fo, condensa$e - &is$ fo,

Sa&pin' +e$ Gas
Sa&pin' +e$ Gas
and Gas Condensa$e
and Gas Condensa$e
Reservoirs-S%!$ in ,e
Reservoirs-S%!$ in ,e
af$er fo,(
af$er fo,(
G
+e ac$s as a separa$or +e ac$s as a separa$or
G
Li*!id rains do,n and Li*!id rains do,n and
acc!&!a$es a$ -o$$o& acc!&!a$es a$ -o$$o&
of ,e( of ,e(
G
Press!re -!ids !p in Press!re -!ids !p in
$%e ,e and dis$!r-ed $%e ,e and dis$!r-ed
for&a$ion( for&a$ion(
G
So&e 'as 'oes -ac# So&e 'as 'oes -ac#
in$o so!$ion( in$o so!$ion(

+e fo, af$er s%!$ in(
+e fo, af$er s%!$ in(
G
Lar'e varia$ions in Lar'e varia$ions in
co&posi$ions of prod!ced co&posi$ions of prod!ced
f!ids( f!ids(
G
Ear" period ean 'as Ear" period ean 'as
prod!ced( 3i'% GOR prod!ced( 3i'% GOR
G
+%en f!ids prod!ced fro& +%en f!ids prod!ced fro&
-o$$o& of ,e( Li*!ids &!c% -o$$o& of ,e( Li*!ids &!c%
o,er GOR( o,er GOR(
G
T%en f!ids fro& dis$!r-ed T%en f!ids fro& dis$!r-ed
reservoir 2one reservoir 2one
G
Even$!a" f!ids fro& Even$!a" f!ids fro&
!ndis$!r-ed reservoir !ndis$!r-ed reservoir

Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and Gas
Sa&pin' +e$ Gas and Gas
Condensa$e Reservoirs
Condensa$e Reservoirs
G
In assessin' *!ai$" of sa&pes In assessin' *!ai$" of sa&pes
i&por$an$ $o #no, %o, on' i$ ,i i&por$an$ $o #no, %o, on' i$ ,i
$a#e for !nrepresen$a$ive sa&pes $o $a#e for !nrepresen$a$ive sa&pes $o
-e dispaced fro& reservoir( -e dispaced fro& reservoir(
G
Vo!&e$rics re*!ired on ,es/ Vo!&e$rics re*!ired on ,es/
facii$ies and near ,e vo!&es facii$ies and near ,e vo!&es

Separa$or Sa&pin' Poin$s
Separa$or Sa&pin' Poin$s
G
A ver" prac$ica iss!e is A ver" prac$ica iss!e is
$%e oca$ion of sa&pin' $%e oca$ion of sa&pin'
poin$s on separa$ors( poin$s on separa$ors(
G
Of$en oca$ed for Of$en oca$ed for
convenience for convenience for
accessi-ii$"( accessi-ii$"(
G
I&por$an$ $o reco'nise I&por$an$ $o reco'nise
$%a$ $%e 'as and i*!id in $%a$ $%e 'as and i*!id in
a separa$or are a$ $%eir a separa$or are a$ $%eir
sa$!ra$ion press!re( sa$!ra$ion press!re(
G
S&a c%an'es ,i res!$ S&a c%an'es ,i res!$
in i*!id drop o!$ and 'as in i*!id drop o!$ and 'as
-ein' prod!ced -ein' prod!ced
Li*!id in 'as ine
Gas in i*!id ine
Iso #ine$ic sa&pin'

Sa&pin' De$ais
Sa&pin' De$ais
G
I&por$an$ $o record and #eep no$e off foo,in'(
I&por$an$ $o record and #eep no$e off foo,in'(
T%ese records $o 'o ,i$% sa&pes
T%ese records $o 'o ,i$% sa&pes
G
Da$e and $i&e
Da$e and $i&e
G
C"inder iden$ifica$ion
C"inder iden$ifica$ion
G
Loca$ion of sa&pin' poin$s(
Loca$ion of sa&pin' poin$s(
G
Te&pera$!re and press!re
Te&pera$!re and press!re
G
GOR in separa$or
GOR in separa$or
G
An" specia de$ais ; 3
An" specia de$ais ; 3
6 6
S in sa&pe/ e$c
S in sa&pe/ e$c

E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis
E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis
G
Appara$!s for $ransfer and reco&-ina$ion of
Appara$!s for $ransfer and reco&-ina$ion of
separa$or oi and 'as sa&pes(
separa$or oi and 'as sa&pes(
G
Appara$!s for &eas!rin' 'as and i*!id
Appara$!s for &eas!rin' 'as and i*!id
vo!&es
vo!&es
G
Appara$!s for perfor&in' separa$or $es$s
Appara$!s for perfor&in' separa$or $es$s
G
PVT ce and dispacin' p!&ps(
PVT ce and dispacin' p!&ps(
G
3i'% press!re visco&e$er
3i'% press!re visco&e$er
G
Gas c%ro&a$o'rap% or e*!ivaen$(
Gas c%ro&a$o'rap% or e*!ivaen$(

E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-S!-s!rface
E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-S!-s!rface
Sa&pes
Sa&pes

E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-S!rface Sa&pes
E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-S!rface Sa&pes

E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-Gas Condensa$e
E*!ip&en$ for PVT Ana"sis-Gas Condensa$e
Sa&pes
Sa&pes

PVT Tes$s
PVT Tes$s
G
To provide da$a for reservoir cac!a$ions To provide da$a for reservoir cac!a$ions
G
To provide p%"sica proper$" da$a for ,e fo, cac!a$ions To provide p%"sica proper$" da$a for ,e fo, cac!a$ions
G
For s!rface facii$" desi'n For s!rface facii$" desi'n
G
T%e reservoir cac!a$ions are $%e &ain drivin' force for $%e T%e reservoir cac!a$ions are $%e &ain drivin' force for $%e
vario!s $es$s( vario!s $es$s(
G
Over recen$ "ears reservoir si&!a$ion capa-ii$" %as 'enera$ed Over recen$ "ears reservoir si&!a$ion capa-ii$" %as 'enera$ed
$%e need $o e4$end co&posi$iona descrip$ion fro& C<= $o in $%e need $o e4$end co&posi$iona descrip$ion fro& C<= $o in
so&e cases C6>=( so&e cases C6>=(
G
PVT repor$ provides so!rce of a reservoir en'ineerin' PVT repor$ provides so!rce of a reservoir en'ineerin'
proper$ies for -e%avio!r over e4pora$ion/ deveop&en$ and proper$ies for -e%avio!r over e4pora$ion/ deveop&en$ and
prod!c$ion prod!c$ion

Main PVT Tes$s
Main PVT Tes$s
G
Fas% vaporisa$ion or rea$ive vo!&e $es$(
Fas% vaporisa$ion or rea$ive vo!&e $es$(
G
Differen$ia vaporisa$ion $es$(
Differen$ia vaporisa$ion $es$(
G
Separa$or $es$s(
Separa$or $es$s(
G
Viscosi$" &eas!re&en$s(
Viscosi$" &eas!re&en$s(
G
Co&posi$iona &eas!re&en$s(
Co&posi$iona &eas!re&en$s(
G
Specia s$!dies? e('( In$erfacia $ension(
Specia s$!dies? e('( In$erfacia $ension(

Si&pe a"o!$ of a PVT Facii$"
Si&pe a"o!$ of a PVT Facii$"

Fas% Vaporisa$ion ; Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
Fas% Vaporisa$ion ; Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
G
De$er&ina$ion of $%e correa$ion -e$,een press!re
De$er&ina$ion of $%e correa$ion -e$,een press!re
and vo!&e a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re(
and vo!&e a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re(
G
T%e s"s$e& never c%an'es d!rin' $%e $es$(
T%e s"s$e& never c%an'es d!rin' $%e $es$(
G
T%e 'as re&ains in e*!ii-ri!& ,i$% $%e oi $%ro!'%
T%e 'as re&ains in e*!ii-ri!& ,i$% $%e oi $%ro!'%
o!$ $%e $es$(
o!$ $%e $es$(
G
T%e -e%avio!r -eo, $%e -!--e poin$ does no$
T%e -e%avio!r -eo, $%e -!--e poin$ does no$
refec$ reservoir -e%avio!r/ ,%ere 'as %as 'rea$er
refec$ reservoir -e%avio!r/ ,%ere 'as %as 'rea$er
&o-ii$" $%an $%e oi(
&o-ii$" $%an $%e oi(
G
T%is $es$ de$er&ines $%e
T%is $es$ de$er&ines $%e
Bubble Point
Bubble Point
press!re
press!re
correspondin' $o $%e reservoir $e&pera$!re(
correspondin' $o $%e reservoir $e&pera$!re(

Fas% Vaporisa$ion
Fas% Vaporisa$ion
;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
G
Li-era$ed 'as re&ains in Li-era$ed 'as re&ains in
e*!ii-ri!& ,i$% oi e*!ii-ri!& ,i$% oi

Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
0" po$$in' P vers!s V/ a -rea# in $%e sope is o-$ained a$
$%e 0!--e Poin$ press!re(

Fas% Vaporisa$ion
Fas% Vaporisa$ion
;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
G
Tes$s a$ cons$an$ press!re Tes$s a$ cons$an$ press!re
and var"in' $e&pera$!re and var"in' $e&pera$!re
ena-es $%er&a e4pansion ena-es $%er&a e4pansion
coefficien$ $o -e o-$ained for coefficien$ $o -e o-$ained for
,e fo, cac!a$ions( ,e fo, cac!a$ions(
( )
1
2
2 2 1
1 1 2 2
V V
Thermal expansion,
V T T
V volume at T , V volume at T

= =

Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
G
A-ove -!--e poin$ co&pressi-ii$" of A-ove -!--e poin$ co&pressi-ii$" of
oi a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re can -e oi a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re can -e
de$er&ined( de$er&ined(
G
No free 'as No free 'as
( )
2 1
2 1 2
2 2
1 1
V V
c
V P P
V =volume at pressure P
V =volume at pressure P

Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
Fas% Vaporisa$ion ;Rea$ive Vo!&e @ Tes$
G
Main o-Aec$ives? Main o-Aec$ives?

Reservoir -!--e poin$ Reservoir -!--e poin$

press!re( press!re(

To'e$%er ,i$% To'e$%er ,i$%

infor&a$ion fro& separa$or infor&a$ion fro& separa$or
$es$s/ for&a$ion vo!&e $es$s/ for&a$ion vo!&e
fac$or a-ove -!--e poin$( fac$or a-ove -!--e poin$(

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
G
0eo, -!--e poin$ in reservoir 'as i*!id
0eo, -!--e poin$ in reservoir 'as i*!id
separa$ion in $%e reservoir is a cons$an$
separa$ion in $%e reservoir is a cons$an$
c%an'in' s"s$e&(
c%an'in' s"s$e&(
G
A $es$ %as -een desi'n $o a$$e&p$ $o si&!a$e
A $es$ %as -een desi'n $o a$$e&p$ $o si&!a$e
$%is process(
$%is process(
G
In $%e
In $%e
differential vaporisation
differential vaporisation
$es$ i-era$ed
$es$ i-era$ed
'as is re&oved fro& $%e ce s$ep ,ise(
'as is re&oved fro& $%e ce s$ep ,ise(
G
A$ eac% s$ep -eo, -!--e poin$/ vo!&es
A$ eac% s$ep -eo, -!--e poin$/ vo!&es
densi$ies / 'as e4pansion and co&pressi-ii$"
densi$ies / 'as e4pansion and co&pressi-ii$"
de$er&ined(
de$er&ined(
G
0!--e poin$ s$ar$in' poin$(
0!--e poin$ s$ar$in' poin$(

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia i-era$ion process
Fas% i-era$ion process

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion
G
B-5C press!re red!c$ion s$eps a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re( B-5C press!re red!c$ion s$eps a$ reservoir $e&pera$!re(
G
Fina s$ep $o DC Fina s$ep $o DC
o o
F( F(
G
Re&ainin' oi Re&ainin' oi Residual Oil Residual Oil

Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion vs(Fas% Vaporisa$ion
Differen$ia Vaporisa$ion vs(Fas% Vaporisa$ion
G
Fas% i-era$ion considered $o $a#e pace
Fas% i-era$ion considered $o $a#e pace
-e$,een reservoir and s!rface(
-e$,een reservoir and s!rface(
G
Differen$ia i-era$ion considered $o -e
Differen$ia i-era$ion considered $o -e
represen$a$ive of $%e process in $%e reservoir
represen$a$ive of $%e process in $%e reservoir
-eo, -!--e poin$ press!re(
-eo, -!--e poin$ press!re(
G
Differen$ia $es$s carried o!$ $o o-$ain oi
Differen$ia $es$s carried o!$ $o o-$ain oi
for&a$ion vo!&e fac$ors and GOREs $o
for&a$ion vo!&e fac$ors and GOREs $o
predic$ -e%avio!r -eo, -!--e poin$
predic$ -e%avio!r -eo, -!--e poin$
press!re(
press!re(

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
G
O-Aec$ive $o de$er&ine i&pac$ of separa$or
O-Aec$ive $o de$er&ine i&pac$ of separa$or
condi$ions on 0o/ GOR/ and prod!ced f!id p%"sica
condi$ions on 0o/ GOR/ and prod!ced f!id p%"sica
proper$ies(
proper$ies(
G
No$ $%e in$eres$ of facii$" desi'ners(
No$ $%e in$eres$ of facii$" desi'ners(
G
Carried o!$ $o 'ive an indica$ion of oi s%rin#a'e and
Carried o!$ $o 'ive an indica$ion of oi s%rin#a'e and
GOR ,%en f!ids prod!ced $o s!rface(
GOR ,%en f!ids prod!ced $o s!rface(
G
T%ere are no$ !ni*!es va!es for 0o 1 GOR( T%e"
T%ere are no$ !ni*!es va!es for 0o 1 GOR( T%e"
depend on separa$or condi$ions(
depend on separa$or condi$ions(
G
S$ar$in' poin$ for $%e $es$ is $%e -!--e poin$
S$ar$in' poin$ for $%e $es$ is $%e -!--e poin$
press!re(
press!re(
G
F!id prod!ced a$ s!rface condi$ons(
F!id prod!ced a$ s!rface condi$ons(
Stock tank oil
Stock tank oil

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
PVT Ce press!re #ep$ a$
-!--e poin$

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
PVT Ce press!re #ep$ a$
-!--e poin$

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
PVT Ce press!re #ep$ a$
-!--e poin$

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
PVT Ce press!re #ep$ a$
-!--e poin$

Separa$or Tes$s
Separa$or Tes$s
PVT Ce press!re #ep$ a$
-!--e poin$
G
V res V res

Viscosi$"
Viscosi$"
G
Meas!red a$ differen$ press!res a-ove and
Meas!red a$ differen$ press!res a-ove and
-eo, -!--e poin$ press!re(
-eo, -!--e poin$ press!re(
G
0eo, -!--e poin$ press!re carried o!$ !nder
0eo, -!--e poin$ press!re carried o!$ !nder
differen$ia condi$ions(
differen$ia condi$ions(
G
Roin' -a or capiar" $!-e &e$%ods of
Roin' -a or capiar" $!-e &e$%ods of
&eas!re&en$
&eas!re&en$

3"drocar-on ana"sis
3"drocar-on ana"sis
G
Ana"sis fro& C5 $o an !pper C n!&-er -ased
Ana"sis fro& C5 $o an !pper C n!&-er -ased
on paraffin series(
on paraffin series(
G
3is$orica" CD 1 C<=( M!c% %i'%er ana"sis
3is$orica" CD 1 C<=( M!c% %i'%er ana"sis
capa-ii$"(
capa-ii$"(
G
C= c%arac$erised -" specific 'ravi$" and
C= c%arac$erised -" specific 'ravi$" and
apparen$ &oec!ar ,ei'%$(
apparen$ &oec!ar ,ei'%$(
G
La$$er -" depression of free2in' poin$(
La$$er -" depression of free2in' poin$(
G
3i'%er C= c%arac$erisa$ion %epf! $o process
3i'%er C= c%arac$erisa$ion %epf! $o process
en'ineers re( soid p%ase for&a$ion(
en'ineers re( soid p%ase for&a$ion(

+a4 and As%p%a$enes
+a4 and As%p%a$enes
G
Soid p%ase for&a$ion series concern(
Soid p%ase for&a$ion series concern(
G
3eav" co&ponen$s a$ o, $e&pera$!res can
3eav" co&ponen$s a$ o, $e&pera$!res can
for& soid p%ases(
for& soid p%ases(
G
+a4 in $ransfer ines and process facii$ies(
+a4 in $ransfer ines and process facii$ies(
G
As%p%a$ene are ar'er &oec!es of %"dro'en
As%p%a$ene are ar'er &oec!es of %"dro'en
and car-on p!s s!p%!r/ o4"'en or ni$ro'en(
and car-on p!s s!p%!r/ o4"'en or ni$ro'en(
G
As%p%a$enes do no$ dissove in oi -!$ are
As%p%a$enes do no$ dissove in oi -!$ are
dispersed as cooids(
dispersed as cooids(

+a4
+a4
Cr"s$ai2a$ion
Cr"s$ai2a$ion
Te&pera$!re
Te&pera$!re
G
Differen$ $es$s !sed? Differen$ $es$s !sed?
G
Fi$erin' and &eas!rin' Fi$erin' and &eas!rin'
resis$ance $o fo, a$ resis$ance $o fo, a$
differen$ $e&pera$!res( differen$ $e&pera$!res(
G
Appearance $e&pera$!re Appearance $e&pera$!re
is considered $o -e is considered $o -e
affec$ed -" s!per affec$ed -" s!per
cooin'( cooin'(
G
T%e disappearance T%e disappearance
$e&pera$!re is $e&pera$!re is
considered $o -e $%e considered $o -e $%e
e*!ii-ri!& va!e( e*!ii-ri!& va!e(
Core Laboratories

+a4
+a4
Cr"s$ai2a$ion
Cr"s$ai2a$ion
Te&pera$!re
Te&pera$!re
Core La-ora$ories

S!&&ar" of res!$s provided -" an oi sa&pe
S!&&ar" of res!$s provided -" an oi sa&pe
PVT $es$(
PVT $es$(
G
Sa$!ra$ion press!re/ --!--e poin$( Sa$!ra$ion press!re/ --!--e poin$(
G
Co&pressi-ii$" coefficien$( Co&pressi-ii$" coefficien$(
G
Coefficien$ of $%er&a e4pansion( Coefficien$ of $%er&a e4pansion(
G
Rea$ive $o$a vo!&e of oi and 'as/ V Rea$ive $o$a vo!&e of oi and 'as/ V
$ $
G
C!&!a$ive rea$ive vo!&e of 'as( V C!&!a$ive rea$ive vo!&e of 'as( V
' '
G
C!&!a$ive rea$ive vo!&e of oi( V C!&!a$ive rea$ive vo!&e of oi( V
o o

S!&&ar" of res!$s provided -" an oi sa&pe
S!&&ar" of res!$s provided -" an oi sa&pe
PVT $es$(
PVT $es$(
G
Gas for&a$ion vo!&e fac$or or 'as e4pansion fac$or Gas for&a$ion vo!&e fac$or or 'as e4pansion fac$or
G
Gas co&pressi-ii$" fac$or( Gas co&pressi-ii$" fac$or(
G
Specific 'ravi$" of 'as Specific 'ravi$" of 'as
G
Li*!id densi$" Li*!id densi$"
G
Viscosi$" of i*!ids as a f!nc$ion of press!re( Viscosi$" of i*!ids as a f!nc$ion of press!re(
G
Oi for&a$ion vo!&e fac$or Oi for&a$ion vo!&e fac$or
G
So!$ion 'as- oi ra$io( S%rin#a'e of separa$or oi $o So!$ion 'as- oi ra$io( S%rin#a'e of separa$or oi $o
$an# oi $an# oi
G
3"drocar-on ana"sis of reservoir and prod!ced f!ids 3"drocar-on ana"sis of reservoir and prod!ced f!ids

Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi
Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi
PVT $es$
PVT $es$
Reference poin$
-!--e poin$

Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi
Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi
PVT $es$
PVT $es$
Reference poin$
S$oc# Tan# Condi$ions

Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi PVT
Vo!&e$ric rea$ions%ip of f!ids in an oi PVT
$es$
$es$

In$erfacia Tension/ IFT
In$erfacia Tension/ IFT
G
I&pac$ of IFT no, considered an i&por$an$
I&pac$ of IFT no, considered an i&por$an$
aspec$
aspec$
G
par$ic!ar" for 'as condensa$es
par$ic!ar" for 'as condensa$es
G
IFT %as a si'nifican$ i&pac$ on $%e -e%avio!r
IFT %as a si'nifican$ i&pac$ on $%e -e%avio!r
of resid!a condensa$e sa$!ra$ion and
of resid!a condensa$e sa$!ra$ion and
associa$ed rea$ive per&ea-ii$"(
associa$ed rea$ive per&ea-ii$"(
G
IFT is ver" o, as cri$ica poin$ approac%ed
IFT is ver" o, as cri$ica poin$ approac%ed

In$erfacia Tension Meas!re&en$s
In$erfacia Tension Meas!re&en$s
G
Mos$ co&&on &e$%od pendan$ drop
Mos$ co&&on &e$%od pendan$ drop
( )
2

=
L V
e
gd
l
( )
2

=
L V
e
gd
l
l F s%ape fac$or a f!nc$ion of d
s
:d
e

In$erfacia Tension Meas!re&en$s
In$erfacia Tension Meas!re&en$s
G
For ver" o, IFT si2e of $!-e $oo s&a $o s!spend drop( For ver" o, IFT si2e of $!-e $oo s&a $o s!spend drop(
G
T%in ,ire can -e !sed T%in ,ire can -e !sed
G
Li'%$ sca$$erin' %as -een !sed( Li'%$ sca$$erin' %as -een !sed(
G
3erio$-+a$$ &e$%od -risin' fi& &e$%od 3erio$-+a$$ &e$%od -risin' fi& &e$%od

Re$ro'rade Condensa$ion
Re$ro'rade Condensa$ion
G
Sa$!ra$ion press!re is $%e de, poin$ press!re(
Sa$!ra$ion press!re is $%e de, poin$ press!re(
G
Gas condensa$e ces %ave a ,indo, $o
Gas condensa$e ces %ave a ,indo, $o
vis!aise de, poin$(
vis!aise de, poin$(
G
No$ possi-e $o de$er&ine -" c%an'e of sope
No$ possi-e $o de$er&ine -" c%an'e of sope
of co&pressi-ii$ies of 'as and i*!id((
of co&pressi-ii$ies of 'as and i*!id((

Gas Condensa$e
Gas Condensa$e
G
Main aspec$s of PVT s$!d"?
Main aspec$s of PVT s$!d"?

Cons$an$ &ass e4pansion
Cons$an$ &ass e4pansion

Cons$an$ vo!&e depe$ion
Cons$an$ vo!&e depe$ion

Speciaised $es$s ; IFT@
Speciaised $es$s ; IFT@

Co&posi$ions of oi 1 'as
Co&posi$ions of oi 1 'as
6
Co&posi$ions of f!ids are 'enera" &ade -" -o,in' Co&posi$ions of f!ids are 'enera" &ade -" -o,in'
do,n sa&pes and reco&-inin' $%e res!$an$ i*!id and do,n sa&pes and reco&-inin' $%e res!$an$ i*!id and
'as p%ase co&posi$ions( 'as p%ase co&posi$ions(

Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Mass S$!d"
Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Mass S$!d"
G
No f!ids re&oved fro& $%e ce No f!ids re&oved fro& $%e ce
G
P!rpose $o de$er&ine 2 va!e a-ove de, poin$( P!rpose $o de$er&ine 2 va!e a-ove de, poin$(
G
De$er&ine de, poin$ press!re De$er&ine de, poin$ press!re
De, poin$ o-served as drops on ,indo,

Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Vo!&e Depe$ion
Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Vo!&e Depe$ion
G
Carried o!$ $o si&!a$e condi$ion -eo, de, poin$ Carried o!$ $o si&!a$e condi$ion -eo, de, poin$
G
Series of press!re e4pansions Series of press!re e4pansions
G
Vo!&e of ce re$!rned $o ori'ina vo!&e Vo!&e of ce re$!rned $o ori'ina vo!&e

Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Vo!&e Depe$ion
Gas Condensa$e- Cons$an$ Vo!&e Depe$ion
G
Li*!id vo!&e prod!ced -eo, de, poin$
Li*!id vo!&e prod!ced -eo, de, poin$
'enera$es a i*!id drop o!$ c!rve(
'enera$es a i*!id drop o!$ c!rve(

Gas Condensa$e-Specia $es$s IFT and
Gas Condensa$e-Specia $es$s IFT and
F! Co&posi$iona da$a
F! Co&posi$iona da$a
3'
Condensa$e
Gas
3'
Densi$" ce
3i'% press!re
sa&pin'
S$irrer

Gas Condensa$e-Specia $es$s IFT and
Gas Condensa$e-Specia $es$s IFT and
F! Co&posi$iona da$a
F! Co&posi$iona da$a
3'
Condensa$e
Gas
3'
Densi$" ce
3i'% press!re
sa&pin'
3'
Pendan$ drop
In$erface

Risin' fi& &e$%od
Risin' fi& &e$%od
Vapour
Liquid
5 c&
Risin' fi&
$%ic#ness

Risin' fi& &e$%od - near cri$ica poin$
Risin' fi& &e$%od - near cri$ica poin$
Ver" $%in &enisc!s
%ei'%$
Vapour
Liquid
5 c&

Unders$andin' PVT RepGor$s
Unders$andin' PVT RepGor$s
G
P!rpose of $%e PVT repor$?
P!rpose of $%e PVT repor$?
G
A$%o!'% can -e !sed for appica$ions fro&
A$%o!'% can -e !sed for appica$ions fro&
reservoir $o s!rface facii$ies( Reservoir en'ineerin'
reservoir $o s!rface facii$ies( Reservoir en'ineerin'
provides $%e &ain -asis(
provides $%e &ain -asis(
G
Provides &!c% of -ac# oi infor&a$ion(
Provides &!c% of -ac# oi infor&a$ion(
G
Ma$eria -aance e*!a$ion -asis for repor$(
Ma$eria -aance e*!a$ion -asis for repor$(
G
PVT repor$ provides &ain da$a for M0 e*!a$ion(
PVT repor$ provides &ain da$a for M0 e*!a$ion(
G
0o$% fas% and differen$ia separa$ion ass!&ed(
0o$% fas% and differen$ia separa$ion ass!&ed(
G
Specific $o a par$ic!ar f!id
Specific $o a par$ic!ar f!id

E4a&pe PVT repor$(
E4a&pe PVT repor$(

E4a&pe PVT repor$(
E4a&pe PVT repor$(

E4a&pe PVT repor$(
E4a&pe PVT repor$(

E4a&pe
E4a&pe
PVT
PVT
repor$(
repor$(

Separa$or Tes$
Separa$or Tes$

Separa$or
Separa$or
Tes$
Tes$

Separa$or Tes$
Separa$or Tes$
READ T3E FOOTNOTES


F!id Proper$ies a-ove -!--e poin$
F!id Proper$ies a-ove -!--e poin$
G
Rea$ive Vo!&e Tes$ - Fas% Vaporisa$ion Tes$
Rea$ive Vo!&e Tes$ - Fas% Vaporisa$ion Tes$

Rea$ive
Rea$ive
Vo!&e Tes$ -
Vo!&e Tes$ -
Fas%
Fas%
Vaporisa$ion
Vaporisa$ion
Tes$
Tes$

P
V
P-
Vsa$

0
0
o o
a-ove -!--e poin$
a-ove -!--e poin$
o
vol. reservoir oil
B
vol. stock tank oil
=
o
vol. bubble point oil vol. reservoir oil
B
vol. stock tank oil vol. bubble point oil
=
Fro& separa$or
$es$

A-ove -!--e poin$
A-ove -!--e poin$
G
Densi$" a-ove -!--e poin$ o-$ained -"
Densi$" a-ove -!--e poin$ o-$ained -"
co&-inin' da$a fro& separa$or $es$ and
co&-inin' da$a fro& separa$or $es$ and
rea$ive vo!&e $es$s(
rea$ive vo!&e $es$s(
o
o ob rel
1 1
v v v
= =
o
o ob rel
1 1
v v v
= =

A-ove -!--e poin$
A-ove -!--e poin$
G
Co&pressi-ii$" a-ove -!--e poin$ can -e
Co&pressi-ii$" a-ove -!--e poin$ can -e
o-$ained fro& rea$ive vo!&e $es$
o-$ained fro& rea$ive vo!&e $es$
o
T
1 v
C
v p

=

o
T
1 v
C
v p

o
avg
T
1 v
C
v p

=

To$a For&a$ion Vo!&e 0eo, 0!--e
To$a For&a$ion Vo!&e 0eo, 0!--e
Poin$
Poin$
G
To$a for&a$ion
To$a for&a$ion
vo!&e fac$or/ 0
vo!&e fac$or/ 0
$ $
G
Of i$$e
Of i$$e
si'nificance/ -!$
si'nificance/ -!$
so&e$i&es !sed in
so&e$i&es !sed in
M0 -ased
M0 -ased
cac!a$ions
cac!a$ions
0
o
0
T

To$a For&a$ion Vo!&e 0eo, 0!--e
To$a For&a$ion Vo!&e 0eo, 0!--e
Poin$
Poin$
G
If ,e &!$ip" 0
If ,e &!$ip" 0
o- o-
4 v
4 v
re re
( ,e 'e$ 0
( ,e 'e$ 0
$ $
over $%e
over $%e
$o$a press!re ran'e a-ove and -eo, $%e
$o$a press!re ran'e a-ove and -eo, $%e
-!--e poin$ press!re(
-!--e poin$ press!re(

Differen$ia i-era$ion $es$s
Differen$ia i-era$ion $es$s


Differen$ia i-era$ion $es$s
Differen$ia i-era$ion $es$s
G
Vo!&e c%an'es d!rin' differen$ia i-era$ion
Vo!&e c%an'es d!rin' differen$ia i-era$ion

BH8-<D7F>5scf:-- resid!a oi
Resid!a oi no$ $%e sa&e
co&posi$ion as s$oc# $an# oi

Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
G
T%e GOR res!$in' fro& $%e separa$or $es$s and
T%e GOR res!$in' fro& $%e separa$or $es$s and
$%ose fro& $%e differen$ia $es$ %ave differen$
$%ose fro& $%e differen$ia $es$ %ave differen$
va!es(
va!es(
G
<>D f$
<>D f$
7 7
:0 STO 1 BH8 f$
:0 STO 1 BH8 f$
7 7
:0 resid!a oi
:0 resid!a oi
G
T%e difference a res!$ of $%e differen$ia process of
T%e difference a res!$ of $%e differen$ia process of
press!re dra, do,n over $%e $o$a press!re(
press!re dra, do,n over $%e $o$a press!re(
G
In prac$ise/ reservoir press!re drop is a differen$ia
In prac$ise/ reservoir press!re drop is a differen$ia
process -!$ $%e press!re drop $%ro!'% $%e $!-in'
process -!$ $%e press!re drop $%ro!'% $%e $!-in'
and separa$or is a fas% process(
and separa$or is a fas% process(

Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
T%e separa$or va!e is
correc$(
+e need $o co&pe$e
GOR va!es -eo, $%e
-!--e poin$(
T%e GOR is &ade !p of
$,o ee&en$s/
Differen$ia in $%e
reservoir(
Fas% in $%e ,es and $o
s!rface(
Differen$ia i-era$ion
Fas% i-era$ion

Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
Cac!a$ion of Gas-Oi Ra$io
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
G
T%e differen$ia GOR is T%e differen$ia GOR is
conver$ed in $%e foo,in' conver$ed in $%e foo,in'
&anner? &anner?
( )
s
di
! liberated gas"oil ratio b# dierential liberation =
( )
$
s
di
t
!
bbl residual oil
=
$ $
t bbl residual oil t
bbl residual oil bbl bubble point oil bbl bubble point oil
=
$ $
t bbl bubble point oil t
bbl bubble point oil bbl stock tank oil bbl stock tank oil
=
( )
$
s
lash
t
!
bbl stock tank oil
=
( )
s si s
lash
! ! ! =
Differen$ia $es$
Separa$or $es$
( ) ( ) ( )
ob
s sb s
lash lash di
b resid
B
! ! !
V % V
=

Cac!a$ion of For&a$ion Vo!&e Fac$or
Cac!a$ion of For&a$ion Vo!&e Fac$or
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
G
For&a$ion vo!&e fac$ors -e$,een -!--e poin$ and s!rface For&a$ion vo!&e fac$ors -e$,een -!--e poin$ and s!rface
aso s%o, a dis$inc$ difference -e$,een fas% and differen$ia( aso s%o, a dis$inc$ difference -e$,een fas% and differen$ia(

Cac!a$ion of For&a$ion Vo!&e Fac$or
Cac!a$ion of For&a$ion Vo!&e Fac$or
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
0eo, $%e 0!--e poin$
G
V:Vresid!a F rea$ive vo!&e a$ press!re/ 0:0 resid(
V:Vresid!a F rea$ive vo!&e a$ press!re/ 0:0 resid(
bbl &aturated oil bbl !esidual oil bbl &aturated oil
bbl !esidual oil bbl Bubble point oil bbl Bubble point oil
=
o
bbl &aturated oil bbl Bubble point oil bbl &aturated oil
B
bbl Bubble point oil bbl &tock Tank oil bbl &tock Tank oil
= =
ob
o
resid b resid
B V
B
V . V % V
=
ob
o
resid b resid
B V
B
V . V % V
=

Viscosi$" Da$a
Viscosi$" Da$a
Press!res -eo, -!--e
poin$ &a$c% differen$ia
$es$

Viscosi$"
Viscosi$"

Co&posi$ion of Reservoir F!id
Co&posi$ion of Reservoir F!id

Co&posi$ion of Separa$or Gas

Co&posi$ion of Separa$or Gas

Gas
Gas
Condensa$e
Condensa$e
PVT Repor$
PVT Repor$

Gas
Condensa$e
PVT Repor$



Li*!id Drop O!$
Li*!id Drop O!$
C!rve
C!rve
88I

3i'% Press!re : 3i'% Te&pera$!re/ 3P:3T
3i'% Press!re : 3i'% Te&pera$!re/ 3P:3T
F!ids
F!ids
G
Recen$ "ears e4pora$ion ac$ivi$" %as &oved deeper(
Recen$ "ears e4pora$ion ac$ivi$" %as &oved deeper(
G
3i'% press!re and $e&pera$!re acc!&!a$ions fo!nd
3i'% press!re and $e&pera$!re acc!&!a$ions fo!nd
G
Conven$iona PVT facii$ies do no$ ena-e $es$in'
Conven$iona PVT facii$ies do no$ ena-e $es$in'
$%ese f!ids(
$%ese f!ids(
G
Ran'es 6HC
Ran'es 6HC
o o
C and 6C/CCC psi(
C and 6C/CCC psi(
G
A$ $%ese condi$ions roe of ,a$er canno$ -e i'nored(
A$ $%ese condi$ions roe of ,a$er canno$ -e i'nored(