LAWS PERTAINING TO

WIDE SCALE
CORRUPTION IN INDIA
-By Neel Narsinghani






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A project submitted on:
Laws pertaining to wide scale corruption
in India

IN COMPLIANCE TO PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE MARKING
SCHEME, FOR TRIMESTER I OF 2014-2015, IN THE SUBJECT OF
GENERAL ENGLISH

SUBMITTED TO FACULTY:
MS. KAUSHALYA RAJPUROHIT
FOR EVALUATION
SUBMITTED BY:
Neel Narsinghani
BBA LLB (HONS) ROLL NO A055




RECEIVED BY: ____________________________
ON DATE: __________ TIME: _________
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Table of contents:
SR.
Number
Particular Page no.
1

Abbreviations

3
2 Introduction
1) Definition
2) Types of corruption
3) Objective of study
4) Significance of study
5) Tables of statues covered
6) Scope of the study
7) Limitations of the study

4-6
3 Literature review
1) In the end India will still be trapped in debt
2) Corruption and governance in Asia
3) Wide scale corruption in India
7-8
4 Methodology
1) Current scenario of corruption in India
2) Cause of corruption in India
3) Fighting corruption: An Indian approach
4) Gaps to be filled
5) Measures taken by different countries
9-16
5 Conclusion 17
6 Suggestions to fight Corruption 18




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Abbreviations:
AD Anno domini
Corp. Corporation
UN. United Nations
TI. Transparency International
Dr. Doctor
Feb. February
Govt. Government
Hon. The honourable
Jr. Junior
No. Number
Art. Article
IPC Indian Penal Code
Rev. Revised
USA United States of America
Adovc. Advocate
CJ. Chief Justice
J. Justice
UOI Union of India


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INTRODUCTION

Definition
Corruption is where the I factor over-shines the YOU factor.There is no comprehensive,
and universally accepted definition of corruption. In spite of its prominence through the ages,
corruption remains difficult to define.The origin of the word is from the Latin word corruptus
(spoiled) and corrumpere (to ruin; to break into Pieces).
In a laymans language corruption can be defined as Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by
those in power, for private gain typically involving bribery
According to UN, The working definitions presently in vogue are variations of "The
misuse of a public or private position for direct or indirect personal gain".
The world bank uses a straight forward definition the abuse of public office for private
gain
Many attempts to coin a more precise definition encounter legal and in many countries,
political problems.
In the negotiations of UN in 2002, one option under consideration was to avoid the
problem of defining corruption by simply listing a whole series of specific types or acts of
corruption. After discussion corruption remained undefined, but at the same time
repeated examples of what all is covered in corruption by the expression appear
throughout the text.
1


Types of corruption
1) Bribery
Bribery refers to giving considerations or incentive by influencing conduct in ones favor
contrary to standing procedures and regulations.
Bribes accepted by the people in power really reflect how badly people hve fallen, it
marks the destruction of a meritocracy which should be the basis of admissions or
employment.


2) Extortion
Extortion refers to unlawful securing of money or favor by force or intimidation. It is a
form of blackmail where one party makes threats against another party of adverse
consequences unless demands are met by the other party.
If the party who is the victim of the extortion provides the payment, he may normally
become liable for the offence of bribery. However, the party making the payment may
have a defence if the threat was of imminent death or personal injury.

1
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bribery-in-india-bribe-republic-anti-corruption-bureau/1/291074.html
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3) Fraud
Fraud usually involves one person (or group of persons) deceiving another person in
order to gain some financial or other advantage. It is sometimes referred to as
deception.
4) Nepotism
Nepotism is the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives
especially by giving them jobs.
Nepotism creeps into each and every line of business, education, politics and social
interaction everyone is aware of the problem, yet very few address it.
The problem is even though only a few people who are in power have the ability to use
nepotism for their personal gain, it's effects are widespread and affect many people.

5) Cronyism
The appointment of friends and associates to positions of authority, without proper
regard to their qualifications. is called cronyism
In modern English the terms Nepotism and cronyism are substituted by many people
but sticking to their original definition the only difference between them is that when
you favour a relative or a family person you have constituted Nepotism and when you
favour a friend or a colleague you have constituted cronyism.

6) Emblezzlement
Emblezzlement means theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or
belonging to one's employer.


Objective of the study:
The objective of making this project is to study and research on the current corruption
scenario in the country and how that has affected our economy and what are the laws made
by the government to tackle the disease. I have tried to present some bizarre facts about the
on-going corruption in India and also what are the measures that Govt. should keep in mind
while formulating the laws.

Significance of the study:
Following are the topics that I have tried to cover in the study:
Introduction related to corruption.
Various forms of corruption and their definitions.
Reasons of corruption.
Current scenario of corruption in India.
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Presumed causes of corruption in India.
Steps taken by the Govt. to contain corruption.
Economic costs of corruption.
Suggestions to fight corruption.
Points to be kept in mind while trying to contain corruption.
Tables of statues covered:
IPC, 1860
PCA, 1947
PCA, 1988
The Benami transaction (prohibition) Act, 1988
The Prevention Of Money Laundering Act, 2002
The Prevention Of Corruption Bill, 2013
RTI, 2005



Scope of the study:
This project covers various data mentioned in the books, internet and databases. Through this
study I have tried to collect all the relevant information relating to corruption and the anti-
corruption laws in India. All of the study has relied on the second hand methods of
researching.
Limitation of the study:
There are several limitations of this project too because I am not able to cover the entire topic
and depth study of all the areas. Some portions of the corruption and the anti-corruption laws
are not covered under this project.The project fails to conduct a primary research thorough
examination, interviews and surveys due to lack of time. The research of the project limits to
books and internet content.







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Literature review:
In the end, India will still be trapped in debt
-ByJehangirPocha (Editor in chief, The Sunday Guardian.)
Form the above mentioned article it could be interpreted that India is now Neck-Deep
into debt &corruption and there is absolutely no way that India is recovering from it.
This may be of no surprise to many of the readers, but most part of the population is
under the impression that we are a self-reliant country. India has lots of debt to be paid
off, and it has now reached a point that we have to borrow money only to pay the
interest of the money we have borrowed in the past few years.
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One of the chief reasons of India being in such a pathetic state is Corruption. There
are no two views on the statement that the economic conditions will improve if stringent
laws are enacted, but then, even if such laws are presented in the parliament they are not
passed by it. The PCA 2013 being passed easily and the Lokpal not getting a nod only
proves our inability to form such laws that could prove helpful in containing corruption.



Corruption and governance in Asia
-By John B. Kidd
In the above mentioned book, the author tried to explain the corruption scenario in many
countries of Asia, what measures the countries took to bring about a change in the system,
who were the people who brought the change and how did the measures improve the
scenario. But the question is, can that change be translated in case of other countries?
Well, there is a no straight forward answer to this question. In some cases yes and in the
others it may not be possible. It all depends upon a few factors like size of the country,
population etc. For example, the policy that was adopted by Singapore and japan to contain
corruption may not work on a very in huge and highly populated country like India.
The best way to contain corruption is to have citizens with proper morals and understanding
of the post effects of the small corrupt practices that some may engage on daily basis.
Wide scale corruption in India:
-by ByPratishthaKaura
With new scams adding to the current list of scams every day, the list doesnt seem to end.
Corruption, which is due to the greed of man has been rising and there are hardly any
measures to contain it. Even though the memories of the scams may fade, but the bruises will
stay. The increasing corruption of India has increased the frustration of the people, and this
was witnessed when Anna Hazare with his thousands of supporters came to streets and sat on

2
http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/in-the-end-india-will-still-be-trapped-in-debt
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a fast. Even the demand of having a Lokpal bill to check corruption, both at centre and the
state level was an example of how frustrated the people are. People have taken some
initiatives to fight against corruption through websites and social media activism
like ipaidabribe.com and India against Corruption Movement.
The problem is the slow working courts that takes time to pronounce any conviction in most
corruption charges. Furthermore, with the growth of cities, corruption also grows as more and
more intermediaries are needed between the central government and the people.
Research shows that India can control corruption by training its civil servants to a more
specialized level with expertise in auditing, accountancy, and legal problems. If this step was
taken at the time of liberalization, the picture could have been very different as oversight and
scrutiny in indoors of the administration would have increased.





















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Methodology:
Current scenario of corruption in India:
In India corruption is rampant. It is a fact of our life today. It has embraced almost every
aspect of our social life.
India ranked 69
th
among the corrupt nations of the world as revealed by Transparency
International.
Gunnar Myrdal called India a soft state where nothing moved except when bribe was
given.
It has been admitted in the parliament that 31% of food grain and 36% of sugar under
PDS(Public Distribution System) goes to the blackmarket, thus endangering the food
security of the poor.
A report on bribery in India published by the Trace I nternational in January, 2009
states that
- 91% of the bribes were demanded by government officials.
- 77% of the bribes demanded were for avoiding harm rather than
to gain any advantage.
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- Of these 51% were for timely delivery of services to which the
individual was already entitled. Example, clearing transport customs.
In terms ofcorruption we were ranked 85th by the CPI (Corruption Perception Index)of
TI (Transparency International). That means approx. 50% of the countries ofthe world
are less corrupt than India.
4


The TI (TransparencyInternationals) BPI(Bribe Payer Index) ranks India in very poor
position - 19th among 22 countries.
This means that Indian firms are perceived by international business as highly likely to
engagein bribery when doing business abroad.
This means that the International MNCs see Indian firms as high likely to engage in corrupt
practises when doing business abroad.
5

Scams that shook the Nation:
India is pretty much used to scams with a new one busting every other day, but there are a
few which have left scars on the Indian Economy.
Coal Scam 2012:
Coal allocation scam or Coalgate is one of the biggest scam in the Indian history.
The government of India had the authority for allocating the coal blocks through
competitive bidding but chose not to.
As a result, both private and public sector companies paid less than what they would
have paid otherwise.

3
Trance International: The Indian Corruption survey
4
http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-fact-about-corruption/1119763/2
5
N. VITTAL, CORRUPTION IN INDIA (Academic Found. 2003).
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The CAG estimated Rs.10.6 lakh crore loss, but the final report that was tabled in the
parliament stated a Rs.1.86 lakh crore.
6

Judiciary scam 2014:
This is the latest Indian scam that got busted.
Well, this scam didnt cost India a penny. But this compromised with what is more
important than any kind of money, Justice.
The Ex-PM of India is accused of pressurising a bench of judges to appoint a Judge
who was alleged to be corrupt as a new permanent judge of a High Court.
While he isnt yet convicted of the crime but this has a laid an impression in the
minds of the people that even justice cannot be gained in India.
2G scam:
This scam has cost India more money than any other scam.
2G spectrum scam was a scam involving politicians who were undercharging
frequency allocation licences to mobile network companies.
The officials were in turn paid crores of rupees.
The estimated loss was calculated to be approx. Rs.1766.45 billion.

Cause of corruption in India:

There is some truth in the idea that India lacks the wherewithal to catch the corrupt people.
The Anti-corruption bureau (ACB) Maharashtra registered 698 cases in 2010. The instances
of corruption each day are in the thousands, and if only 698 cases can be registered in a single
year by the ACB Maharashtra, it is only tokenism. There is a need of raising this figure by at
least 10 times, if the ACB is to have any meaningful impact in helping decrease corruption.
Similarly, data relating to the performance ofLokayukta in Maharashtra shows that, with a
staff of over 70 members in it, it received about 11,153 allegations during the two and a half
decade period between 1981 and 2006, but could find only 57 instances where it
recommended an action by the government.
However, I submit that there is another, more fundamental reason of corruption: Our
systems inability to punish a few corrupt persons that our investigative agencies could
identify. To illustrate, I present the data published in the Indian Police Journal in April-June
2010. A study was carried out on the performance of the anti-corruption branch of the CBI
for the period 1980-84 in the year 2008, that is, after 26 years:
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During the 4 year period, 712 accused had been investigated & of these, only 273 persons
were charge sheeted. Out Of these, the CBI was able to get conviction in mere 144 cases. The
average time that was taken for investigation was 13.4 months, whereas the average time to
get the convictions was seven years and four months. Out Of these, only 4 persons have been

6
http://www.rediff.com/money/slide-show/slide-show-1-coal-scam-govt-loses-rs-10-6-lakh-
crore/20120322.htm
7
http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-fact-about-corruption/1119763/2
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to prison for a period over 20 days, since most of those who were convicted appealed for
forgiveness, while some of thecovicted had died. In 2008, 71 appeals were still being
contested in the higher courts. The nation is still spending money in 71 cases to try 71 people
even after 26 years.
Its now indicated that getting the investigative agencies to become more efficient may not be
the solution to the corruption, as it will get stalled at the judicial stage.
Justice B.N. Kirpal, former chief justice (CJI) of the Supreme Court of India, in an affidavit
in the New York Supreme Court, stated that justice cannot be obtained in India because of
the long time it takes. This affidavit was then used to prove that justice cannot be obtained
easily in India. Perhaps, he was lending credence to the very famous Hindi dialogue that our
courts can only deliver "tareekhpetareekh", but not justice.

Fighting corruption: An Indian approach
In a country with population over 1 Billion, fighting corruption in India is really a
Herculean task.
Introduction of Independent Committees to Check Corruption:
The K Santhanam Committee:
Another landmark step was taken by the government in 1962 when K Santhanam
committee was Formed with a view to prevent corruption.
The committee came up with 137 suggestion in 1964 of which the most IMP are:
Simplification of government rules, laws and work process
Speedy discarding of letters and files
Adequate pay and accommodation facilities should be provided to government
officers to discourage them to accept bribes
All civil servants, legislators and ministers should pronounce their private
assets.
Information and accounts concerning donations given to various political
parties by various private sectors should be made public.
Number of personnel in special police organization created to prevent
corruption should be increased and more authority should be given to them in
the institution.
No government servant should work in private, commercial or industrial firm
for the first two years subsequent to retirement.
Of the 137 , the government accepted 106 recommendations of the K Santhanam
Committee.
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Consequently IPC was also amended to expanded to expand the scope.

8
http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Bribery_and_corruption:_ground_reality_in_India/$FILE/EY-
FIDS-Bribery-and-corruption-ground-reality-in-India.pdf
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Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
The CVC was set up by the Govt. of India in February,1964 on the recommendations of
the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by Shri K. Santhanam, to advise the
Central Government agencies in the field of vigilance.
IPC, 1988
In 1988, the present Prevention of Corruption Act (PCA) was passed, replacing the
previous statutes, amendments, and the sections of the IPC which dealt with corruption.
This brought all the anti-corruption laws under one ruling and provided for Higher
penalties, and also widened the definition of public servant.
In addition to the categories in the IPC, the definition of public servant also
includes office bearers of cooperative societies who obtain financial support from the
government, employees of Public Service Commission and banks.
If a public servant takes gratification other than his legal remuneration in respect of an
official act or to manipulate, he shall be liable to minimum sentence of 6 months and
maximum of 5 years and fine. The Act also penalizes a public servant for taking
gratification to manipulate the public by illegal way and for exercising his personal
influence with a public servant.
If a public servant accepts a precious thing without paying for it or paying improperly
from a person with whom he is involved in a business deal in his official capacity, he
shall be penalized with minimum punishment of 6 months and maximum of 5 years and
fine.
It is necessary to obtain prior approval from the central or state government in order to
indict a public servant.

THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION BILL (AMENDMENT) 2013
The bill proposes to amend the existing Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013 proposes changes in following
Acts/Ordinance to widen the description and coverage of offence of bribery in the line with
current international practice:
Offering of Bribe is an Offence
No provision of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 deals with the supply side of
corruption directly. But Section 24 of that Act provides that statement made by the bribe
giver in any proceedings against public servant for the crime of corruption shall not subject
that person to prosecution. It is mentioned in the Statement of Objects and Reasons to the
Bill that in vast majority of cases the bribe giver goes scot free by taking resort to provisions
of Section 24 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and therefore it becomes
increasingly difficult to tackle consensual bribery in particular.
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https://in.news.yahoo.com/ready-reckoner-to-existing-anti-corruption-laws.html
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In order to plug such deficiencies in the law, Section 8 of that Act has been
substituted by introducing a new definition of 'bribe giving' which is largely based
on Section 1 of the UK Bribery Act, 2010 under Clause 3 of the Bill.
Even the offering/giving or promising financial other advantage by the bribe giver
itself constitutes 'improper' performance of relevant public function or activity'.
It therefore implies that bribe giver cannot give any pecuniary or non-pecuniary
advantage to public servant even in the case of proper function of public function or
activity.
In simpler term any advantages given or provided to public servant even without
demand from the bribe takercould be considered as bribe as the public servant is
supposed not to take anything other than legal remuneration for discharging his/her
duty.
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Other important Changes are as follows
Compulsory declaration of business of partner/children and family of the public
servants by the public servants to Government.
Whistle blowers who gives information to and assist the Anti Corruption
agencies in the trap case may be rewarded with 50% of value of the kickback
demanded by the public servant.
Criticism of the act:
The Bill seeks to delete the entire clause (d) of sub-section (1) of section 13 which states
as if he,-
(i) by corrupt or illegal means, obtains for himself or for any other person any
valuable thing or pecuniary advantage; or
(ii) by abusing his position as a public servant, obtains for himself or for any
other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage; or
(iii) while holding office as a public servant, obtains for any person any valuable
thing or pecuniary advantage without any public interest;
This section penalises criminal misbehaviour through misuse of office and other corrupt
or unlawful means leading to financial benefit either to the public servant or any other
person.
This section looked into and dealt with corruption at senior levels. All major frauds from
Bofors to 2G, Commonwealth Games scam and coal scam became criminal offences
because of this section.
The bill also seeks to remove the existing section 24 of the Act. This section gives
protection to bribe-givers against action if they made a statement in opposition to an
accused public servant. Removing this section will have severe implications on the
victims of corruption. In trap cases, dealings are allowed in a controlled situation to
enable the investigating officer grab hold of the bribe-taker red-handed.

10
http://www.cfr.org/corruption-and-bribery/governance-india-corruption/p31823
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With the safeguard of section 24 gone, the complainants would be uncertain to come
forward and depose against the bribe-seekers as they themselves might be prosecuted as
bribe-givers.
RTI: A weapon for curbing corruption
What people seem to ignore completely at this crucial stage is the Right to Information
(RTI) Act 2005, which is of paramount importance for maintaining transparency in
governance.
It gives the common citizen the strength to fetch in the transparency, enquire about the
role of officials and political executive and weed out corruption.
In many levels, RTI has emerged as the strongest apparatus in preventing corruption so
far and the requirements of this bill are all encompassing.
For instance, the Center has already suggested that the Prime Minister should be kept
out of the ambit of Lokpal Bill.
However the RTI acts does not give any such exception to the office of Prime Minister
and one can file an RTI to Prime Minister's office seeking information.
In the last 6 years many cases of corruption have been unearthed and brought it into the
public domain by using the Right to Information Act.
Section 4 of the RTI Act- provision for proactive disclosure- categorically states that It
shall be a constant endeavour of every public authorityto provide as much
information suomotu to the public at regular intervals through various means of
communications, including internet, so that the public have minimum resort to the use of
this Act to obtain information. It requires all public authorities to routinely publish 17
categories of Information, which includes structure of the organization, welfare schemes
and its beneficiaries, financial details of the scheme, and details of accessing
information etc.
Gaps to be filled
6 years after the RTI, Act came into being; the implementation of proactive revelation of
information remains elusive.
A rough estimation suggests an overwhelming 70% public authority neither complies
with section 4 of the RTI Act, nor makes information available. Therefore most of the
people are unaware that they have the right to know.
States like West Bengal, which has the most miserable record in filling of RTIs or
getting appropriate reply for it, the clause of proactive revelation remains a little,
complied with.
In 2007, West Bengals Ministry of Panchyat and Rural department, made some efforts
to build a model of revelation, but it largely remains on paper.
A well known RTI activist, from Development Communication and Research
Centre Subrata Kundu, found an intrinsic gap in the act. In his view, in order to record
the data and information, there needs to be a considerable amount of money however till
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date, there has been hardly any allocation of budget for keeping data in readily available
form.
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Another rationalization is provided by Public Information officers (PIOs) who feel that
infrastructural deficiencies hinder providing information proactively.
Media Information and communication Centre of Indias Director Nandini Sahai, a
veteran RTI activist says lack of political resolve is the main stumbling block in
proactive revelation.
A big difficulty affecting the working of this act is no revelation of the fact is made is
made on time, so the whole process gets delayed.
Measures taken by different countries:
Japan:
In some countries briber payer are treated more harshly than the recipients while in some the
recipient is treated harsher. In contrast, some countries do not even criminalize the payment
of bribes. In the case of Japan, the recent change in the Code of Civil Servant provides for
more severe treatment of the recipients if they are public officials.
Following the series of corruption scandals in Japan, significant revisions were made to the
law governing corruption.
They have made significant amendments to the Unfair Competition prevention law
that came into force on February 1999.
Domestic bribery offences were now treated under a new harsher Article 198 of the
penal code.
Other laws including Code of Criminal Procedure and the Commercial code were
amended.
In Japanese law, under article 32 bis (1) of the commercial code it is now found that
Every trader shall prepare accounting books and balance sheets for making clear
the conditions of business properties and profit and loss.
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Now in the Japanese legal framework on anticorruption, a corrupt act often leads to
violation of number of laws besides anti-corruption laws:
Now, lack of accurate record keeping for the purpose of concealing bribery is
in violation of the Commercial Laws.
While misappropriation of companys assets for personal use is in violation of
article 252 and 253 of penal code.
13

Reception and offering of gits and entertainment is quite wide spread as an attribute in
Japan, with 56% of the codes mentioning it.
After the implementation of the new set of rules, there has been a drastic change in
the economy of the country.
In the survey conducted it was reported that 78% of people now find the Job
environment more work friendly.
Now, as a result of all the revision of rules in the code of conduct of the Japanese
MNCs, their firms are now well rated everywhere around the globe.

11
http://voices.halabol.com/2012/03/31/you-can-kill-corruption-rti-too-lokpal-not-only-way
12
John B Kidd, Corruption and governance in Asia; pg 168
13
John B Kidd, Corruption and governance in Asia; pg 172
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Singapores anti-corruption strategy:
Corruption was declared as an offence in 1871 in Singapore, however nothing was done by
the British colonial Govt. in the next 66 years until it enacted the Prevention of Corruption
Ordinance (POCO) on 10
th
Dec 1937. However, the POCO was ineffective as a penalty as it
imposed a mere 2 year prison term or a fine of S$10000. Such a short term of imprisonment
had no impact on the criminals mind.
Finally the Anti-corruption (ACB) branch of Singapore was ineffective because it could not
curb corruption even in the police force. This was illustrated by the discovery that senior
police officers were involved in the robbery of S$400000 worth of opium in October 1961.
14

Major changes were noticed after the election of the Peoples Action Party (PAP) at the
centre. Major contributions were made by the then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. He
introduced a new Anti-corruption act-POCA. POCA was enacted on 17
th
June 1960.
Many changes were brought in the existing policies as such:
POCA broadened the scope with 32 sections in contrast to the previous act with 12
sections.
The punishment of corruption was increased to imprisonment for 5 years and a fine
upto $10000.
A person who is found guilty of accepting an illegal gratification has to pay the entire
sum to government in addition to the fine that he is liable to pay.
The Govt. officers now could arrest suspects and search the suspects any bank
account, share account or purchase account.
As a result of all this the Singapores Govt. could stabilise their economy and make a
place for themselves in the More developed countries in Asia.










14
John B Kidd, Corruption and governance in Asia; pg 182
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Conclusion:
There are ample of conclusions that can be drawn from the study:
Corruption is an intractable problem. It is like diabetes, can only be controlled, but not totally
eliminated. It may not be able to root out corruption completely at all levels, but it is possible
to contain it within tolerable limits. Honest and dedicated persons in public life, could be the
most important prescription to combat corruption. Corruption has a corrosive impact on our
economy. It worsens our image in international market and leads to loss of overseas
opportunities. India being in a Debt-trap situation the law makers will have to think through
their feet to form measures that will give help to curb corruption.Only catching a corrupt and
award him a few years of imprisonment wont be sufficient. The money that government lost
due to the persons act should be recovered from him in addition to the fines and the
imprisonment sentence.Unless stringent punishments are not awarded, people will not
consider the importance of curbing in building a better society.The law makers have tried
many times to contain corruption through new statues, but have failed miserably due to the
loop holes in it. Due to the political influence and the corruption even in the judiciary the bills
that could have brought some change were never passed. For eg. The Lokpal bill.By the time
a scam is busted, our country already hascrores of rupees. Peoples lethargic attitude on
taking few measures on their own to curb corruption also adds to the reason why we are
taking so long to be corruption free.Even though a lot of people are accused of corruption by
the Anti-corruption department, very few are awarded a sentence. And by the time there is a
hearing against someone being convicted, many of them are dead already.With India being in
such huge debts, there is absolutely no way that it is recovering from it. But if we are able to
contain the corruption malice, things are bound to improve.With new scams being busted
every new day, India still has a long way to go before it can contain corruption to a decent
level. Corruption being a global problem that all the countries of the world have to confront,
solutions however can be home grown. It is not necessary that the measure that one country
took to contain corruption in their land may prove helpful in our country too. Each country,
no matter how similar their economy is, has to come up their own medicine. At last what will
matter is how the country has tackled the malice and paved its way to blossoming economy.



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Suggestions to fight corruption:
To provide the suggestions for fighting corruption one should know the basic reasons for
reasons for corruption:
1) Greed in the minds of people
-Nothing much can be done about this approach of the people. Even though
several measures like providing them education and information about the effects of
corruption may help in decreasing corruption, but will not be able to completely
eradicate it.
2) Lack of fear of Law and the governing bodies.
-This mind set of people can be changed by giving harsher punishments for
corruption and even increasing the scope of corruption. Again, this measure may not help to
contain all of the corruption, but can definitely curtail the level of corruption in the country.
Few important measures that could help in containing corruption are:
In cases of corruption the convicted person should be awarded stringent punishments so that
it sets an example for other people.
Some Whistle blowers acts should be passed to provide incentive for the people to contribute
their bit for the prevention of corruption and also securities should be provided to whistle
blower. For Eg. TATA Steel has a whistle blower policy since 2005, which requires each and
every employee to report to the management in case of violation of the code. The whistle
blower were then awarded according to the size of scam they bust.
Such policies should be adopted from the MNCs and other developed foreign counties.
Moreover, The following suggestions should also be thought upon:
Giving more powers to anti-corruption department.
Time-bound and effective implementation of judicial pronouncements.
Privatization (with competition) in the provision of services like electricity.
Provision of ombudsman in every department to redress peoples grievances.
In considering a fight against corruption, the following characteristics should be kept in view:
The underlying fact of corruption is human greed and ego. It can therefore be
contained but not eliminated.
Corruption is war on people; it has to be fought by people themselves for its most
effective rebuttal.
A preventive approach to contain corruption is far better than the post facto/penalizing
approach.
The idea should be that we should not take measures to fight corruption, instead we
should frame laws that could help to prevent corruption. A judicial system that
delivers in a reasonable time is a prerequisite for any reduction in corruption. Just
Talking of fast-track courts is no solution. We must realise that the judicial system is
not functioning effectively. This can be changed, if we have an effective judicial
delivery system that delivers judgements in less than 18 months. This is possible, and
should be considered non-negotiable.
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Bibliography:
Websites researched-

http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-fact-about-corruption/1119763/2
http://www.sunday-guardian.com/analysis/in-the-end-india-will-still-be-trapped-
in-debt
https://in.news.yahoo.com/ready-reckoner-to-existing-anti-corruption-laws.html
http://voices.halabol.com/2012/03/31/you-can-kill-corruption-rti-too-lokpal-not-
only-way
http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles/CRIMINAL-MISCONDUCT-U-S-13-
1-d-OF-PREVENTION-OF-CORRUPTION-ACT-1988--611.asp#.U-gEevmSxct
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21598967-graft-india-damaging-
economy-country-needs-get-serious-about-dealing-it
http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/voices/Anti-Corruption-Bill-Seems-
to-be-for-Promotion-Not-Prevention-of-Graft/2014/02/21/article2068250.ece
http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/india-ill-prepared-to-fight-
corruption-113120100412_1.html


Books Referred:
N. VITTAL, CORRUPTION IN INDIA (Academic Found. 2003).
Transparency international: A survey of corruption in India
Rahul Gupta, Corruption: the cause and combating strategies