First Grade

English
Demonstratives



Indefinite article




Preposition of place



There is / there are


Simple present




Example: Are you student? Is she a student?




Imperatives





Adjectives
ADJECTIVES
What Is An Adjective?
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or
quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun
which it modifies.
In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:
The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.
The big plane is dark and dank.
Many stores have already begun to play irritating Christmas music.
A battered music box sat on the mahogany sideboard.
The back room was filled with large, yellow rain boots.

The Five Senses
Our senses allow us to learn, to protect ourselves to enjoy our world. Can
you imagine what it might be like to live your life without any of your
senses? The five senses are:






Our sense of taste comes from the taste buds on our tongue. These buds are
also called papillae(say: puh-pih-lee). But, the sense of smell also affects our
taste.
The tongue is only able to taste four separate flavors: salty, sweet, sour and
bitter. But, you might ask, how come different sweet foods taste different if
there are only four flavors? That is because a combination of sweet and salty
could be your favorite candy. And the combination of sweet and bitter could
be the chips in your chocolate chip cookie. Everything you taste is one or more
combinations of these four flavors.
Not only can your tongue taste, but it also picks up texture
and temperature in your food like creamy, crunchy, hot or dry.
Our sense of sight is all dependent upon our eyes. A lens at the front of
the eyeball helps to focus images onto the retina at the back of the eye. The
retina is covered with two types of light sensitive cells - the cones and
the rods. The cones allow us to see color and the rods allow us to see better
at night and also aid us in our peripheral vision. All of this information is sent
to the brain along the optic nerve.
The images sent are actually upside down and our brain makes sense of what it
receives by turning the vision right side up. The brain also uses the images
from two eyes to create a 3D (three dimensional) image. This allows us
toperceive depth.
Some people are not able to tell red colors from green colors. This is called
color blindness. Others, through injury or other conditions, have little to no
sight at all.
Here is a story of a woman who was born blind but through surgery was able to
see.


The skin is the largest organ in our body and contains the most endings. View
adiagram of the skin.
The sense of touch is spread through the whole body. Nerve endings in the
skin and in other parts of the body send information to the brain. There are
four kinds of touch sensations that can be identified: cold, heat, contact, and
pain. Hair on the skin increase the sensitivity and can act as an early warning
system for the body. The fingertips have a greater concentration of nerve
endings.
People who are blind can use their sense of touch to read Braille - a kind of
writing that uses a series of bumps to represent different letters of the
alphabets.
Our nose is the organ that we use to smell. The inside of the nose is lined with
something called the mucous membranes. These membranes have
smell receptors connected a special nerve called the olfactory nerve. Smells
are made of fumes of various substances. The smell receptors react with
the molecules of these fumes and then send these messages to the brain. Our
sense of smell is capable of identifying seven types of sensations. These are
put into these categories: camphor, musk, flower, mint, ether, acrid, or putrid.
The sense of smell is sometimes lost for a short time when a person has a cold.
Dogs have a more sensitive sense of smell than man.
In addition to being the organ for smell, the nose also cleans the air we
breathe and impacts the sound of our voice. Try plugging your nose while you
talk.
Smell is also an aide in the ability to taste.


tympanic membrane:also called the eardrum
Our ears, which help us hear, are made of two separate parts; the outer
ear and the inner ear. The outer ear is the part that others see. It works like
a cup to catch sound as it travels past our heads. This part is made
of cartilage and skin. From here, sound travels to the tympanic membrane and
then onto the inner ear by the three smallest bones in your body. The inner
ear is also called the cochlea and is a spiral shaped tube
which translates vibrations into sound and sends that message to the brain
through the auditory nerve. The brain uses the sounds from both the left and
the right ear to determine distance and direction of sounds.
Additional Senses
In addition to sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing, humans also have the
sense of balance, pressure, temperature, pain, and motion. These various "new"
senses all work together and may involve the coordinated use of the
sense organs. The sense of balance is managed by a complicated network of
various body systems. Any quick change to any of the five senses can cause
the feeling of dizziness or unsteadiness. You might have experienced this
while riding in a car or turning quickly.






SOCIAL STUDIES
FAST FACTS

OFFICIAL NAME: Canada
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Federal parliamentary state
CAPITAL: Ottawa
POPULATION: 34,834,841
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: English, French
MONEY: Canadian dollar
AREA: 3,849,674 square miles (9,970,610 square kilometers)
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES: Rockies, Coast, Laurentian
MAJOR RIVERS: St. Lawrence, Mackenzie


Map of Canada
NATURE
Canada's remote north and extensive forests are home to wildlife, from bears,
wolves, beavers, deer, mountain lions, and bighorn sheep to smaller animals like
raccoons, otters, and rabbits. The country's lakes and rivers, which contain
about 20 percent of all fresh water on Earth, are full of fish such as trout and
salmon.

Canada's prairies in the south are home to bison and pronghorn antelope.
Farther north are Canada's sprawling evergreen forests, which have lots of
wildlife, including moose and black bears. Even farther north is the cold, bare
tundra, where herds of caribou and musk ox live.

Canadians work hard to protect the native wildlife. Canada has 41 national
parks and three marine conservation areas. Nevertheless, species like wolves,
lynx, and Atlantic fish have been overhunted and overfished.
PEOPLE & CULTURE
In some ways Canada is many nations in one. Descendents of British and
French immigrants make up about half the population. They were followed by
other European and Asian immigrants. First Nations peoples make up about
four percent of the population.

Inuit people live mostly in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Many
Native Canadians live on their traditional lands, but many others have moved
to cities across Canada. First Nations artwork is widely recognized and is seen
as a symbol of Canadian culture.

Canadian Flag
GEOGRAPHY
Canada is a vast and rugged land. From north to south it spans more than half
the Northern Hemisphere. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles
(7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. It is the second largest country in
the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population.

Canada features black-blue lakes, numerous rivers, majestic western
mountains, rolling central plains, and forested eastern valleys. The Canadian
Shield, a hilly region of lakes and swamps, stretches across northern Canada
and has some of the oldest rocks on Earth.

Canada's far north lies in the frozen grip of the Arctic, where ice, snow, and
glaciers dominate the landscape. Few trees grow here, and farming is not
practical. Native Canadians, called First Nations people, live in this region by
hunting and fishing.

Canadian Dollar,
Photograph by Peter Spirer, Dreamstime
GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY
The British monarch is the head of state of Canada. The monarch is
represented by a governor-general, who has very limited powers. Laws are
made by Canada's elected federal government, which includes a parliament and
a prime minister.

Britain's Quebec Act of 1774 granted Quebec its own legal and religious
rights. Despite this concession, many Quebec citizens have long sought
independence. In votes held in 1980 and 1995, Quebec decided to stay in
Canada. But the second vote was very close, and the debate is still alive.

Canada has provided fish, furs, and other natural resources to the world since
the 1500s. Today, it is a world leader in agricultural production,
telecommunications, and energy technologies. The vast majority of Canada's
exports go to the United States.
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HISTORY
The first people to come to Canada arrived between 15,000 and 30,000 years
ago across a land bridge that joined Asia and North America. Around A.D.
1000, the Viking explorer Leif Eriksson reached Newfoundland, Canada. He
tried to establish a settlement, but it didn't last.

In the 16th century, French and British settlers arrived. Land disputes
between farmers and fur traders led to four wars between 1689 and 1763.
The final war, called the French and Indian War, left the British in control of
Canada, but French influence remains strong even today.

In 1867, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick combined to form
a dominion with its own government, parliament, and prime minister. Manitoba
joined soon after. In 1931, Canada became an independent nation.


EXPLORE ACTIVITY
A number is a mathematical object used to count, label, and measure. In
mathematics, the definition of number has been extended over the years
to include such numbers as zero, negative numbers, rational numbers,
irrational numbers, and complex numbers.
Mathematical operations are certain procedures that take one or more
numbers as input and produce a number as output. Unary operations take
a single input number and produce a single output number. For example,
the successor operation adds one to an integer, thus the successor of 4 is
5. Binary operations take two input numbers and produce a single output
number. Examples of binary operations include addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and exponentiation. The study of numerical
operations is called arithmetic.
A notational symbol that represents a number is called a numeral. In
addition to their use in counting and measuring, numerals are often used
for labels (telephone numbers), for ordering (serial numbers), and for
codes (e.g., ISBNs).

100 one hundred
101 one hundred and one
102 one hundred and two
103 one hundred and three
104 one hundred and four
105 one hundred and five
106 one hundred and six
107 one hundred and seven
108 one hundred and eight
109 one hundred and nine
110 one hundred and ten
111 one hundred and eleven
112 one hundred and twelve
113 one hundred and thirteen
114 one hundred and fourteen
115 one hundred and fifteen
116 one hundred and sixteen
117 one hundred and seventeen
118 one hundred and eighteen
119 one hundred and nineteen
120 one hundred and twenty
121 one hundred and twenty one
122 one hundred and twenty two
130 one hundred and thirty
131 one hundred and thirty one
140 one hundred and forty
150 one hundred and fifty
160 one hundred and sixty
170 one hundred and seventy
180 one hundred and eighty
190 one hundred and ninety
200 two hundred
300 three hundred
400 four hundred
500 five hundred
600 six hundred
700 seven hundred
800 eight hundred
900 nine hundred
1000 one thousand

Adding Two Digit Numbers with
Regrouping (Carrying)
Learning how to regroup when adding two digit numbers (page 1 of 3)
Let's just dive right in and do one!

Just like before, stack and line things up:

<< Now, I'm going to
make my stripes taller...
You'll see why in a
second!
First, add the ones:


This is called "regrouping" since we had to put the
tens guy in the next stripe over with all the other tens
guys! Way back when I learned this stuff, it was called
"carrying." Of course, we didn't have cell phones or
DVD players back then either!
Now, add the tens...