Professional Documents
Culture Documents
d t t
d d
3
2
t v s =
3
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Step 3 Estimate initial damage of concrete material
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
3
10
4
10
5
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
(
k
P
a
)
Impulse (kPa*ms)
D=0.2
D=0.5
D=0.8
A
damage degree D
) 1 (
'
c
'
dmg c,
D f f =
) 1 (
dmg
D E E =
The total length of the
damage zone is assumed to
be 1/5 of the column length
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Numerical example
Span of 6 m in x direction, 3
m in y direction. Storey
height 3 m. Dimension of all
the columns 300 300 mm,
beams 200 mm 300 mm, all
with a 2% longitudinal
reinforcement of the yield
stress 335 MPa and
10@200 mm hoop
reinforcement with the yield
stress of 235 MPa. Slab is
150 mm thick with a 2%
longitudinal reinforcement
Floor live load: 4 kN/m
2
Weight of the infill wall: 120 kN/m
2
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
1. Direct simulation
Blast scenario: TNT 1000 kg, distance 10 m.
Concrete model: LSDYNA Material 72
Steel model: LSDYNA Material 003
DIF: K&C Model
3D Solid element of size 50 mm
Erosion criteria: Principle and shear strain: 0.15 and 0.9
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
2. GSA Guideline Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Load=DL+0.25LL
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
3. Proposed Method
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
3
10
4
10
5
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
(
k
P
a
)
Impulse (kPa*ms)
D=0.2
D=0.5
D=0.8
Blast loads
on the columns
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Direct simulation GSA nonlinear dynamic Proposed method
405ms
640ms
805ms
1005ms
405ms
620ms
4
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
V
e
rtic
a
l d
is
p
la
c
e
m
e
n
t (
m
m
)
Time (ms)
GSAanalysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
Vertical displacement at N1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
T
ra
n
s
v
e
r
s
e
d
is
p
la
c
e
m
e
n
t (m
m
)
Time (ms)
GSAanalysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
Horizontal displacement at N1
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
V
e
r
t
ic
a
l v
e
lo
c
i
ty
(
m
/
s
)
Time (ms)
GSA analysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-20
-10
0
10
20
V
e
r
t
u
c
a
l a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
m
m
/
m
s
2
)
Time (ms)
GSAanalysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
Vertical velocity and acceleration
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Same example, only change is the weight of infill wall
from 120 kN/m
2
to 80 kN/m
2
200 400 600 800
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
V
e
r
tic
a
l d
is
p
la
c
e
m
e
n
t (
m
m
)
Time (ms)
GSAanalysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
200 400 600 800
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
V
e
r
tic
a
l v
e
lo
c
ity
(
m
/s
)
Time (ms)
GSAanalysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
200 400 600 800
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
V
e
rtu
c
a
l a
c
c
e
le
ra
tio
n
(m
m
/m
s 2)
Time (ms)
GSA analysis
Benchmark analysis
Proposed method
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Conclusion
The proposed method takes into consideration the
nonzero initial conditions and damage in structural
elements, owing to direct blast load impact, in
progressive collapse analysis. It results in more reliable
estimation of structural collapse process, as compared to
the GSA guidelines.
It is computationally more efficient as compared to the
direct simulation of structural progressive collapse.