TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
ARPL3- BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS

FOCUSED AREAS























NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING
The neighborhood is the planning unit for a town.
Evolved due to the ADVENT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND DEGRADATION OF THE CITY ENVIRONMENT
caused due to:

1. High Congestion
2. Heavy traffic movement through the city,
3. Insecurity to school going childrens,
4. Distant location of shopping and recreation activities; etc.

CITY BEAUTIFUL by Daniel H. Burnham (1893)
The movement first gained ground in 1893 with the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago.
Daniel H. Burnham headed the construction of the fairs temporary city, known to those who attended as the White City, a
semi-utopia in which visitors were meant to be shielded from poverty and crime.
cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, who paired the balance and harmony of Neoclassical and Baroque architecture.
His opponents, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright among them, wanted to avoid borrowing from and outright
replication of European design and instead invent a new and truly American style.
The wall to wall development of mansard roofed apartments he foresaw in the city contrasted sharply with the single
family homes in the existing neighborhoods.
GARDEN CITY Concept by Sir Ebenezer Howard (1898)
Garden City most potent planning model in western urban planning
Created by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 to solve urban and rural problems
Source of many key ideas during 20
th
century

1885 Neighborhood Planning
1893 City Beautiful
By Daniel H. Burnham
1898 Garden City Concept
By Sir Ebenezer Howard
1911 Geddisain Triad
By Patrick Geddes
1920 Ribbon Development

1929 Radburn Theory
Conceived by Clarance Stein & Henry
Wright
1934 Broad Acre City
By Frank Lloyd Wright
1942 Ekistics
By Doxiadis
1980 New Urbanism
Future Satellite Town

Letchworth, officially Letchworth Garden City, is a town in Hertfordshire, England, with a population 35000. As one of the
world's first new towns and the first garden city.
Welwyn Garden City was the second garden city in England (founded 1920) and one of the first new towns (designated 1948).

THE CONCEPT
GARDEN CITY-An impressive diagram of THE THREE MAGNETS namely the town magnet, country magnet with their
advantages and disadvantages and the third magnet with attractive features of both town and country.
Core Garden City Principles
1. Strong Community
2. Ordered Development
3. Environmental Friendly

GEDDISIAN TRIAD by Patrick Geddes (1911)
Father of modern town planning
First to link sociological concepts into town planning
SURVEY BEFORE PLAN i.e diagnosis before treatment.
PLANNING CONCEPTS
Rural development, Urban Planning and City Design are not the same and adopting a common planning process is disastrous.
CONURBATION
Waves of population inflow to large cities followed by overcoming and slum formation, and then the wave of
backflow-The whole process resulting in amorphous sprawl, waste, and unnecessary obsolescence.

RIBBON DEVELOPMENT (1920)
Ribbon development means building houses along the routes of communications radiating from a human settlement.
Ribbon development can also be compared with a linear village which is a village that grew along a transportation route, not
as part of a citys expansion.

RADBURN'S CONCEPT conceived by Clarance Stein & Henry Wright (1929)
one of the most publicized, long-lived and influential models of rational planning
a partially built, planned settlement in northern New Jersey
represents the influence of the English Garden City

RADBURN'S CONCEPT
SEPARATION of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Super block- large block surrounded by main roads.
Houses grouped around small CUL-DE-SACS- each accessed from main road, Living, bedroom faced gardens & parks,
services areas to ACCESS ROADS.
Remaining land- PARK AREAS
WALKWAYS-designed such that pedestrians can reach social places without crossing automobile street.

BROADACRE CITY by Frank Lloyd Wright (1934)
Gain during 1934-1959
Vision of multi-centered, low density (supposedly 5 people per acre), auto-oriented suburbia
Each family would be given one acre (4,000 m) from the federal land reserves.
Land would be taken into public ownership; then granted to families for as long as they used it productively.
'Usonia' was based not on cooperation but fierce individualism.
ASPECTS OF BROADACRE CITY THAT BECOME REALITIES
Prevalence of Urban Sprawl
Modern suburbia may have many differences with Broadacre, but there are also many similarities.
- Single-family homes on larger parcels of land with smaller roads connecting to freeways.
- Being able to own land, build a home, and do what you please with it were important in Broadacre city.
- Wright believed that modern man had a right to own a car and to burn as much gasoline in driving it as he desired.
- The City Plan
- Agrarian Urbanism


EKISTICS (1942)
Ekistics is the study of HUMAN SETTLEMENT, which examines not only built forms, but also the interface of time,
movements and systems in the built environment.
DOXIADIS saw ekistics as an intellectual approach to balance the convergence of the past, present, and the future
in human settlements as well as a system for creatively coping with the growth of population, rapid change and the
pressures of large-scale, high-density housing.
Classified under 4 MAJOR TYPES:
- Minor Shells, or elementary units (Man, Room, House)
- Micro-settlements, the units smaller than, or as small as, the traditional town where people used to and still do
achieve interconnection by walking.
- Meso-settlements, between the traditional town and the conurbation within which one can commute daily.
- Macro-settlements, whose largest possible expression is the Ecumenopolis.

NEW URBANISM (1980)
An Urban Design movement which promotes walkable neighborhoods that contains a range of housing and job types. It arose in the
United States in the early 1980s and continues to reform many aspects of real estate development and urban planning.
New Urbanism is strongly influenced by urban design standards prominent before the rise of the automobile and
encompasses principles such as traditional neighborhood design (TND) and transit oriented development (TOD)
SATELLITE TOWNS (FUTURE)
A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to miniature metropolitan areas on the fringe of
larger ones.

CHARACTERISTICS
Satellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a large metropolis, that are
Predate that metropolis' suburban expansion;
Are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially;
Are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory; satellite cities should have their own independent
urbanized area, or equivalent,
Have their own bedroom communities;
Have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city" neighborhoods;
May or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis' Combined Statistical Area.