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SMK. KOTA KLIAS, BEAUFORT

MATHEMATICS FORM FOUR

CHAPTER 5
THE STRAIGHT LINE

Disediakan oleh:
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MOHD NAZAN BIN KAMARUL ZAMAN

Chapter 5: The Straight line

v
v v

h
h h Diagram C
Diagram A Diagram B

vertical dis tan ce y 2  y1

Gradient of a straight line = m  horizontal dis tan ce m  x  x
2 1

Gradient = The ratio of vertical distance to horizontal distance

y 2  y1
= x  x
2 1
6
= 10

Find the gradient of AB

B
4 cm

A C
12 cm
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5.1 The Gradient of a Straight Line

Gradient (m) Gradient (m)

a) y y 2  y1 c)
A(1, 8) m y
x 2  x1
28 6
m m
7 1 6 B (-3, 7) A(8, 4)
B (7, 2)
m=-1
x
x
d)
b) y y  y1
m 2 y
A(6 , 4)
x 2  x1
x
m A(5, -1)

B (-5, 3)
m= B (-2, -9)
x

5.2 Intercepts

a) y b) y

A(0, 5)

x
x B (-2, 0)
B (8, 0)

x – intercept =
x – intercept = y – intercept =

y – intercept =

gradient = gradient =
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5.3 Equation of a Straight Line

EQUATION OFASTRAIGHT LINE : y = mx + c

with gradient m, and which
cuts the y-axis at (0,c) @ y-intercept

Gradient (m) y-intercept (c) y = mx + c

a)A(3, 4) and B(2, 1) y 2  y1 m = 3 and c = -5

m
x 2  x1 Use point Aor point B y = mx + c
4 1 Point A (3, 4) x = 3 , y y = 3x - 5
m
3 2 = 4 and m = 3
y = mx + c
m=3
4 = 3(3) + c
4=9+c
c=4–9
c = -5

b)A(2, -2) and B( 5, 9) y 2  y1

m
x 2  x1
m

m=

c)A( -5, 12) and B(1, - 6) y 2  y1

m
x 2  x1
m
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m=

Gradient (m) y-intercept (c) y = mx + c

d)A(0, 0) and B(-4, 8) y 2  y1

m
x 2  x1
m

m=

e)A(0, -12) and B( 6, 0) y 2  y1

m
x 2  x1
m

or
y  int ercept
m
x  int ercept

m
f)A( -5, 0) and B(0, -15)

m=
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5.4 Parallel Line – find the equation of the straight line CD

The straight linesAB and CD are parallel Gradient (mAB = mCD) y-intercept (c) y = mx + c
mAB =mCD
a) y  y1 m = 3 and point C( 6, 2 ) m = 3 and c = -16
y mAB  2
C(6, 2) x 2  x1 y = mx + c
B (4, 0)
x m  0  ( 12)  3 y = mx + c
40 2 = 3(6) + c y = 3x – 16
2 = 18 + c
m CD= 3
A(0, -12) 2 – 18 = c
C = - 16

b)
y
C (5, 7)

A(0, 6)

x
B (2, 0)

c) C(-8, 2) y
B (-4, 0)
x

A(0, -2)
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1 In the diagram, PQRS is a parallelogram.

y
R (6, 5)

S
x
O Q
P

1
The gradient of RS is 3 . Find

(a) the y-intercept of the straight line RS, (Ans : 3)

1 x
(b) the equation of the straight line PQ. (Ans : y = 3  2)

2 In the diagram, the straight line PQ is parallel to the straight line ST. O is the origin.

y
R (5, 8) Q (3, 8)

x
O P

Given the gradient of RS is 2. Find

(a) the equation of the straight line PQ, (Ans : y = 2x + 14)
(b) the x-intercept of the straight line RS. (Ans : 1)
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3 In the diagram, OPQR is a parallelogram and O is the origin.

P (3, 6) Q

R (5, 3)
x
O

Find
3
(a) the gradient of the straight line PQ, (Ans : 5 )

(b) the equation of the straight line QR. (Ans : y = 2x  7)

4 In the diagram, OPQR is a parallelogram and O is the origin.

y
R (4, 12)

Q
x
O
P (3, 6)

Find
(a) the equation of the straight line PQ, (Ans : y = 3x  15)
(b) the y-intercept of the straight line QR. (Ans : 20)