Bonfring International Journal of Data Mining, Vol. 2, No.

1, March 2012 17
ISSN 2277 5048 | 2012 Bonfring
Abstract--- In this paper we consider the Non-
homogeneous oscillatory flow of a vertically stratified fluid
between two vertical porous plates, induced by suction and
injection at the porous walls. Within the frame work of
Boussinesq approximation for density, complete solution is
obtained using similarity transformation and interpreted. The
axial and transverse velocity profiles and the pressure
distributions are evaluated and illustrated in the figures. The
results presented here add one more class of exact solution
S.Ganesh [8] Rajagopal [14], Wang [22] to that of a few
presently available in literature. The result for the axial
velocity obtained here reduces to the result for the axial
velocity in the case of laminar flow between parallel plates
(i.e., when v = 0).

Keywords--- Oscillatory Stratified Flow, Density
Distribution, Stratification Parameter, Brunt Vaisala
Frequency, Boussinesq Approximation, Similarity
Transformation

I. INTRODUCTION
HE two dimensional steady state laminar flow in channels
with porous walls has numerous applications in various
branches of Engineering and Technology such as boundary
layer control and transpiration cooling problems. It plays an
important role in the study of problems which involve
diffusion phenomena in a flowing gas stream.
Berman [4] was the first researcher who studied the
problem of steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid
through a porous channel with rectangular cross-section, when
the Reynolds number is low. He obtained a perturbation
solution assuming normal wall velocities to be equal. Then
Sellars [16] extended the problem studied by Berman when
the Reynolds number is very high. Afterwards Yuan [20] and
Terill [17] studied the problem for various values of suction
and injection Reynolds numbers. Terill and Shrestha [18] have
analysed the same problem, assuming different normal
velocities at the walls.
Drake [6] has considered the flow of an incompressible
viscous fluid in a long channel of rectangular section due to a
periodic pressure gradient. Bagchi [5] has studied the unsteady

L. Prasanna Venkatesh, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics,
Sathyabama University, Chennai, India, E-mail:
prasannaclassof1@gmail.com
S. Ganesh, Professor & Head, Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama
University, Chennai, India, E-mail: sganesh19@yahoo.com
K.B. Naidu, Professor, Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama
University, Chennai, India, E-mail: kbnaidu999@gmail.com
flow of visco-elastic Maxwell fluid with transient pressure
gradient through a rectangular channel.
Forced Oscillation in an inviscid stratified fluid have been
considered by many authors Krishna & Sharma [9],
Hendershott [9], Rao and Rao [7], Sharma and Naidu [13],
Naidu [15] and Prasanna Venkatesh [10]. But very little work
has been done on the oscillations in stratified viscous fluid.
We consider the oscillatory flow of a stratified fluid
between two vertical porous plates, induced by suction and
injection at the porous walls within the frame work of
Boussinesq approximation for density.
II. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
The flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between two
parallel porous plates y = 0 and y = h along the direction of x-
axis is considered. It is assumed that there is a periodic
injection of velocity v
1
e
iwt
at the lower plate and periodic
suction of velocity v
2
e
iwt
at the upper plate where v
1
and v
2
are
constants and is the frequency. Hence the velocity vector
(
q
) and the pressure are chosen as follows.
( ) ( ) [ ]
iwt
e j y x v i y x u q

, + =
and P(x, y) = p(x, y)e
iwt
,
where u(x, y) and v(x, y) are the velocity components of the
flow along the coordinate directions of (x, y) respectively. Let
x and y be the coordinate axes parallel and perpendicular to
the channel walls.
Equation of continuity
0
y
v
x
u
=

(1)
Equation of Incompressibility for stratified incompressible
flow
0 =

y
v
x
u
t dt
d
(2)
Equation of Motion

x
p
-
2
2
2
2

y
u
x
u
y
u
v
x
u
u
t
u


(3)
g -
2
2
2
2
p
-

y
v
x
v
y y
v
v
x
v
u
t
v
(4)
Here represents the coefficient of viscosity and the
density of the fluid
The density distribution in the undisturbed state is taken as
( ) ( ) t y y , '
0
+ = (5)
Nonhomogeneous Oscillatory Vertically Stratified
Flow Between Two Porous Plates
L. Prasanna Venkatesh, S. Ganesh and K.B. Naidu
T
Bonfring International Journal of Data Mining, Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2012 18
ISSN 2277 5048 | 2012 Bonfring
Where
( ) ( ) y y = 1 '
0 0
(6)
'
0
is a constant, density,
( ) y
0

is linearly distributed,
( ) t , y '
is perturbation density, stratification parameter
(a constant) so that Brunt Vaisala frequency N becomes
g N =
2
and the Reynolds number is given by

UL LU
L
u
L
U
= = =
2
2
Re (where

= )
This is called stokes flow when Re is small Re<<1, the
flow is called stokes flow or small Reynoldss number flow or
creeping flow.

For Stokes flow (3) and (4) becomes

2
2
2
2
y
u
x
u
x
p
t
u
(7)

2
2
2
2
y
v
x
v
y
p
t
v
g - (8)
v
t

'
'
0
=

(9)
We use Bousenesqs approximation in the inertial terms
which means

x
p
- '
2
2
2
2
0

y
u
x
u
t
u

(10)
g ' -
y
p
- '
2
2
2
2
0

y
v
x
v
t
v
(11)
Differentiating (10) and (11) with respect to t

x t
p
- '
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
0

y
u
x
u
t
t
u

(12)

'
g -
y t
p
- '
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
0
t
y
v
x
v
t
t
v

(13)
Using (9) in (13)
( ) v ' g -
y t
p
- '
0
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
0

y
v
x
v
t
t
v

(14)
The boundary conditions of the problem are
u(x, 0) = 0, u(x, h) = 0

v(x, 0) = v
1
, v(x, h) = v
2


Differentiating (12) Partially with respect to y

y
u
y x t
p
- '
2
2
2
2
0

t y
u
t


(15)
Note:
2
2
2
2
2
=

y x

Differentiating (14) Partially with respect to x

x
v
' g -
v
y x t
p
- '
0
2
2
2
2
0

x t x
v
t
(16)
Subtracting (16) from (15), we get

x
v
' g
v
'
0
2
2
2
0

x y
u
t x
v
y
u
t

(17)
We define Stream Function such that

x
v and
y
u

=

(18)
Equation (17) becomes

x
' '
2
2
0
2 4 2
2
2
0

N
t t
(19)
Put ( ) ( ) , , ,
t i
e y x t y x

=
( ) ( ) ( )
t i t i t i
e y x p p and e e y x u u

, , y x, v v , , = = =
Equation (19) becomes
0
x
' '
2
2
0
2
2 0 2
=

i
N i
(20)
The function f( ) is introduced as follows ( by Sellars
[16]):

=
h
x v
a
u
h
2 0
f( ) (21)
Where
h
y
= , a = 1 ,
2
1
v
v
0 v
1
v
2
and u
o
is the
average entrance velocity.
From Equation (21)
( )
iv
f
h
x v
a
u
h

=
2 0
3
4
1

0
2
2
=

x

Substituting the above in equation (20)
( ) 0
'
2 2 0 4
=

f D h
i
D (22)
where D
2


=
2
2
d
d
.
Equation (22) is a differential equation of order 4 with
constant co-efficient for which the solution is given by
Auxiliary Equation
0
'
2 2 0 4
= m h
i
m

Solving we get
h
i
m

'
, 0 , 0
0
=
Bonfring International Journal of Data Mining, Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2012 19
ISSN 2277 5048 | 2012 Bonfring
( )
h
i
m
2
1 '
, 0 , 0
0
+
=

where
( )
2
1 i
i
+
=
h m = , 0 , 0 where ( ) ( ) i a i + = + = 1 1
'
2
1
1
0

,
and

'
2
1
0
1
= a
Therefore the General Solution of equation (22) is given
by
( )


h h
e c e c c c f

+ + + =
4 3 2 1
(23)

The Boundary Conditions are transformed in terms of
( ) f are as follows
f(0) = 1 a, f(1) = 1 and f (0)=f (1)=0 (24)
The result obtained by applying the boundary conditions
on f(), are
f(0) = 1-a = c
1
+ c
3
+ c
4
(25)
f(1) = 1 = c
1
+ c
2
+ c
3
e
h
+ c
4
e
-h
(26)
f(0) = 0 = c
2
+ h c
3
h c
4
(27)
and ( )
h h
e hc e hc c f



+ = =
4 3 2
0 1 (28)
Solving the above equations, the values of the constants
are as follows.
=
1
c
) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
) 2 (
1
h e h e
e e a
a
h h
h h



+ +
+

(29)
) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
) (
2
+ +

=

h e h e
e e ha
c
h h
h h

(30)

) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
) 1 (
3
+ +

=

h e h e
e a
c
h h
h

(31)

) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
) 1 (
4
+ +

=

h e h e
e a
c
h h
h

(32)
Now to separate the above constants into real and
imaginary parts, let us consider
iB A h e h e
h h
+ = + +

) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4

(say)
where ( ) ( ) i a i + = + = 1 1
'
2
1
1
0

and

'
2
1
0
1
= a
) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4 + + = +

h e h e iB A
h h



( )
( )
( )
( ) ) 1 2 ( ) 2 1 ( 4
1
1
1
1
1 1
h a i e h a i e
h a i h a i
+ + + + =
+ +

) 2 ( ) 2 ( 4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
h ia h a e e h ia h a e e
h ia h a h ia h a
+ + + + =


( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) h ia h a h a i h a e
h ia h a h a i h a e
h a
h a
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 sin cos
2 sin cos 4
1
1
+ +
+ + + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) h a h a h a h a e
h a h a h a h a e
h a
h a
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
sin cos 2
sin cos 2 4
1
1
+ +
+ =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) h a h a h a h a e h a h a h a h a e i
h a h a
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin 2 cos sin 2 cos
1 1
+ +

Therefore
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) h a h a h a h a e
h a h a h a h a e A
h a
h a
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
sin cos 2
sin cos 2 4
1
1
+ +
+ =

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) h a h a h a h a e
h a h a h a h a e B
h a
h a
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
sin 2 cos
sin 2 cos
1
1
+
=

Substituting the above Values in the Constants c
1
, c
2
, c
3
,
c
4
we have

( ) ( )
( )
iB A
e e a
a c
h a i h a i
+
+
=
+
2
1
1 1
1 1
1

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) h a h a A h a h a B
B A
a
i
h a h a B h a h a A
B A
a
a
1 1 1 1
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2
sinh sin 1 cosh cos
2
sinh sin 1 cosh cos
2
1

+
+
+
+
=
1 1
iI R + =
( )
iB A
e e ha
c
h h
+

2

( ) ( ) [ ] h a h a B A h a h a B A
B A
haa
1 1 1 1
2 2
cosh sin sinh cos
1
2
+
+
=
( ) ( ) ( ) h a h a B A h a h a B A
B A
haa
i
1 1 1 1
2 2
sinh cos cosh sin
1
2
+ +
+
+
2 2
iI R + =
( )
iB A
e a
c
h
+

=

1
3

( )
( ) ( )

+
+

+
=

B h a B h a A e
B A
a
i
A h a B h a A e
B A
a
h a
h a
1
1
2 2
1 1
1
2 2
cos
1
sin
sin cos

3 3
I i R + =
3 4
c e c
h
=
( ) ( ) h a I h a R
h a
ie h a I h a R
h a
e
1 3 1 3
1
1 3 1 3
1
cos sin sin cos + =

4 4
I i R + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+ +

+ + +
+ + + =


h a i h a
h a i h a
1 1
1
1 1
sin cos
h a
e
4
I i
4
R
sin cos
h
1
a
e
3
I i
3
R

2
I i
2
R
1
I i
1
R f

+
+ + +
+

+
+ + =




h a h a
h a h a
i
h a h a
h a h a
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
sin
h a
e
4
R cos
h a
e
4
I
cos
h
1
a
e
3
I sin
h
1
a
e
3
R
2
I
1
I
sin
h a
e
4
I cos
h a
e
4
R
sin
h
1
a
e
3
I cos
h
1
a
e
3
R
2
R
1
R

= ( ) ( )
2 1
f i f +
Substituting the value of ( )


h h
e c e c c c f

+ + + =
4 3 2 1

in (21), the stream function is calculated. Using the
expression for and equation (18), the velocity components
are determined.
Bon
u =
v =
x
p

y
p

d p

+
p

( p
c
5

c
5
k
1
vel
and
and
of
nfring Internationa
(
a
u
i
f
h
x v
a
u
0
2 0

=
( ) (
iv
f v
2
c
1 2
+
=
II
The result ob

u
i
x
p

=
0
'

y
p
'
0
=
By the definit
p
p d x
x

= +

a
u
dp

=
0
i v

2

Integrating th

=
v
a
x u
p
2 0
2
(

f iv
0
2

( ) ,
0
5

a
u
c x

=
=
2
h

f( )
The arbitrary
=
2
h

f(0) wh
The
h
x v
a
u
2
2 0

IV
The numerica
locity profiles
d y. It is assum
d 3 are the axi
the channel na
al Journal of Data
( )
( ) ( f
h
x v
f t f

sin
cos
1
2
2 1

(
( ) ( t f
f t


sin
1
2
os
II. PRESSUR
btained from eq
f
h
x v
a
u

2 0

f iv ) (
2
+
tion of total dif
p
d y
y

f i
h
x v

2
h
f + ) (
2

he above equati

f i
h
x
2
2
2
)


h
v
d
2
2
+
(
2
0
2
2

f iv
h
v
x
h
x v

i f ( )
constant c
5
is
hen =0, since
pressure drop
(

f
h
v
x
2
2
+

V. RESULTS
al values of u (
have been calc
med that 0 x
ial velocity pro
amely at x = 0
Mining, Vol. 2, N
( ) )
( ) f t
t


cos n
sin
2
2
+

) )
( ) f t
t

cos
2
sin
+
RE DISTRIBUTI
quations (10),
( )

a
u
h

+
0
2

f
h
v
) (
2
2

fferentiation,
( ) f
h
f +

2
( ) f
ion, the result o
( ) ( +

f
h
2
( ) f
2

( )
) '
0
2
2

gh d
f
v

s obtained as
f (0) = 0
is given by p(x
)

f iv
0
2

S AND DISCUSS
(x-direction) an
culated for diff
4 and 0 y
ofiles at differe
0, x = 2 and x =
No. 1, March 2012
ISSN 2277
) t
(3
) t s (3
ION
(11) and (21)
( f
h
x v

2 0
(3
g ' )
0

(3
( ) dx

dy g

'
0

obtained is
( )

gh '
0

(37)
(3
(3
x, ) p(0, 0)
( ) g d f '
0

(4
SION
nd v (y-directio
fferent values o
10. Figures 1
ent cross sectio
= 4, h=10, a=0
5048 | 2012 Bo
33)
34)

are
)

35)
36)

38)
39)
) =
gh
40)
on)
of x
1, 2
ons
0.5,
v
1
=1, v
From th
axial ve
values
profiles
velocity
the mag
of the i
values o
vanishe
linear f
differen
velocity
when th
profiles
represen
when w
profiles
wt = 0,
parabol
Figure
Figure
onfring
v
2
=2 when th
he above figur
elocity decreas
of t. The F
s of u at x=0,
y is increased to
gnitudes of the
nlet velocity is
of wt. It is also
es for wt =
2

for the other v
nt values of v
y profiles at di
he average ent
s are parabolic
nts the radial v
wt = 0. The
s for different v
h=10 and x=0
ic for different
1: Axial Veloc
D
2: Axial veloci
D
he average ent
res it is seen
es as x increas
Figure 4 repr
h=10, a=0.5, v
o u
0
=1 from u
0
axial velocity
s increased to
o seen that in F
and the radial
values of wt.
v
2
. The Figur
fferent values
rance velocity
c for different
velocity profile
Figure 8 repr
values of u
0
=0
0. Here also w
t values of u
0
.
city Profiles for
Different Value
ity Profiles for
Different Value
trance velocity
that the magn
ses from 0 to 4
resents the ax
v
1
=1, v
2
=2 wh
0
=0.5. It is clea
u are more wh
u
0
=1.0 or 2.0
Figure 5, the ra
velocity profi
The above is
re 6 represen
of x, namely x
is u
0
=0.5. We
values of x. T
e for different
resents the ax
0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2
we see that the
r x=0, h=10 an
s of t
r x=2, h=10 and
s of t
20
y is u
0
= 0.5.
nitude of the
for different
xial velocity
hen the inlet
arly seen that
hen the value
for different
adial velocity
iles are non-
true for all
nts the axial
x = 0,1,2,3,4
e see that the
The Figure 7
values of v
2

xial velocity
.0, 2.5 when
e profiles are

nd uo=0.5 for

d uo=0.5 for
Bon
Fig
Fig
F
Fig
nfring Internationa
gure 3: Axial V
gure 4: Axial V
Figure 5: Trans
v
gure 6: Axial V
al Journal of Data
Velocity Profile
Different V
Velocity Profile
Different V
sverse Velocity
v2=2 for Dffere
Velocity Profile
and for Differe
Mining, Vol. 2, N
es for x=4, h=1
Values of t
es for x=0, h=1
Values of t
y Profiles for h
ent Values of
es for u0 = 0.5
ent Values of x
No. 1, March 2012
ISSN 2277
10 and uo=0.5
10 and uo=1.0
h=10, a=0.5 and
t

, h = 10 and t
x
5048 | 2012 Bo
for

for
d
t=0
Figur
Figure
In
Nonhom
of visc
presente
walls. T
solution
few pre
velocity
velocity
(i.e., wh
pressure
[1] E. A
the b
[2] H.A
visc
Can
[3] H.A
betw
of S
onfring
re 7: Transvers
t=0 and
e 8: Axial Velo
2.5,
the above a
mogeneous Os
cous fluid be
ed, when there
The results pre
n S. Ganesh [8
esently availab
y obtained he
y in the case o
hen v = 0). Th
e distribution.
AboElDhat, Ha
bounding plates,
A. Attia, Unstea
coelastic fluid con
n. Phys. Vol. 82, N
A. Attia, The effe
ween two parallel
Science and Engg.
e Velocity Pro
d for Different
ocity Profiles f
t=0 and when
V. CONCL
analysis a cla
scillatory vertic
etween two p
e exists variable
esented here ad
8] Rajagopal [1
ble in literature
ere reduces to
of laminar flo
he effect of str
REFEREN
artmann flow with
MS Thesis, Helwa
ady Hartmann f
nsidering the Hall
No. 2, Pp. 127-139
fect of suction and
plates with variab
Vol. 8, Pp. 17-22
V
2
=-1
files for a=0.5
t Values of v2
for u0 = 0.5, 1.
x=0, h=10
LUSION
ass of soluti
cally stratified
parallel porou
e suction or inj
dd one more cl
14], Wang [22]
e. The result
o the result fo
ow between pa
ratification is
NCES
h uniform suction a
an University, Egy
flow with heat
Effect, Canadian
9, 2004.
d injection on the
ble properties, Ta
2, 2005.
21

, h=10 and

0, 1.5, 2.0,
ons of the
stokes flow
us plates is
jection at the
lass of exact
] to that of a
for the axial
for the axial
arallel plates
found in the
and injection at
ypt, 1993.
transfer of a
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L. Prasanna Venkatesh born at Thippirajapuram
(Kumbakonam district, TamilNadu, INDIA) on 30
th
July 1979. He did his under graduation B.Sc (1999) .,
and post graduations M.Sc (2001)., and M.Phil
(2003)., in Mathematics in A.M. Jain College at
Meenambakkam, Chennai, INDIA. He is currently
doing Ph.D., in the field of fluid dynamics at
Sathyabama University, Chennai, INDIA. He is
currently working as Asst Professor, Dept of
Mathemativcs, Sathyabama University, and has a teaching experience of 10
years in both UG and PG courses. His present research is in the area of
stratified flows.