Oral

Organism-sediment relationship in Bisericani Formation

(Bistri a Half-window)
Anistoroae, A.
1
& Miclu , C.
1
1
Al. I. Cuza University of Iai, Department of Geology, 2A Carol I !lv, "## Iai, $omania% emails&
an'a(anistoroae)ya*oo.'om % mi'laus)uai'.ro
Keywords: Outer Carpathians, rancea !appe, Bisericani Fm", sedimentology and ichnology, Cru#iana
$chnofacies
A sedimentological and ichnological study has been performed on Middle Member of Bisericani
Formation (that used to be considered riabonian in age! "rasu et al, 1#$$% from Falcu Anticline
(Bistri a &alf'(indo) of *rancea +appe, ,uter Carpathians%.
-e.en sedimentary facies )ere identified (conglomerates )ith green schist clasts ' "
1,
ripple cross
laminated micro'conglomerates / "
0
, parallel laminated sandstones / -
1
, ripple cross laminated
sandstones / -
2,
structureless sandy mudstones )ith .ery rare green schist clasts / -i
1
, ripple cross
laminated siltstone / -i
3
, greenish'gray shale / M
4
% representing the results of different sedimentary
processes (debris flo), tracti.e currents and possible hemipelagic sedimentation%.
(e ha.e determined se.eral ichnogenera5 +*allasinoi,es, -seu,o.ilo.ites, /o0eia, Im.ri'*nitus,
C*on,rites and others. 6hey are mainly hypichnial forms according to Martinsson7s terminology (in
89dale et al., 1#$4% )ith con.e: hyporelief, hori;ontal and sub'hori;ontal, some ornamented, feeding,
resting and d)elling traces of high abundance and di.ersity. (e also ha.e analy;ed )ell preser.ed
endichnial<e:ichnial forms, .ertical and sub'.ertical, )ith sharp contours and fine ornamentation from
M
4
, suggesting a stiff, de)atered ground. Both toponomical features )ould belong to )hat -eilacher
(3==0% grouped into Cruziana I'*nofa'ies. Furthermore )e7.e obser.ed that the .ertical and sub'
.ertical ichnostructures are passi.ely filled )ith coarser material )hich is possible only if the ground
had some consistency. (hat )e7.e described as structureless sandy mudstones might be an e:pression
of cryptic bioturbation. Most of the beds )ith >C? and are associated )ith abundant large
hypichnial forms, )hile the greenish'gray shale is characteri;ed by e:ichinial<epichnial forms.
Based on their sedimentological and ichnological features, the se.en sedimentary facies )ere
grouped into t)o facies associations5 the heterolithic one )ith large hypichnial forms and the sandy
mudstone one )ith possible cryptic bioturbation. According to -eilacher7s bathymetric soft'substrate
series, the Cruziana I'*nofa'ies )ould be characteristic for inner shelf. &o)e.er, @chman (3==#%
described such forms in )hat he called 1p*iomorp*a ru,is I'*nosu.fa'ies (of 2ereites I'*nofa'ies%,
)hich )ould characteri;e a pro:imal deep'sea fan, usually sand dominated (not our case%. 6he
2ereites ichnofacies also includes an association of graphoglyptides (-alaeo,i'tyon I'*nosu.fa'ies%
)hich )as not obser.ed in the studied deposits.
Aue to sedimentary structures and ichnological content of the heterolithics )ith large hypichnial
forms, )e consider them to be distal turbidites )ith Cruziana i'*nofa'ies. 6his ichnofacies represents
the pro:imal component of any depositional systems tract, )hose producers populated once the
dynamic en.ironment of a shelf area.
%eferences
"rasu, C., Catan, C., "rinea, A., 1#$$. Fli ul Carpatic / etrografie i considera ii economice. 8d. 6ehnic,
Bucure ti, 3=$ p.
89dale, A.A., Bromley >."., emberton, -."., 1#$4. Bchnology / 6he @se of 6race Fossils in -edimentology
and -tratigraphy. -ociety of 8conomic aleontologists and Mineralogists, 6ulsa, ,9lahoma, 13= p.
-eilacher, A., 3==0. 6race Fossils Analysis. -pringer, 31$ p.
@chman, A., 3==#. 6he ,phiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies of the +ereites ichnofacies5 Characteristics and
constraints. -alaeogeograp*y, -alaeo'limatology, -alaeoe'ology 302, p. 1=0'11#.