146 SUCCESSFUL INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN

4. Pump Discharge Pressure: PIC-48

Pump discharge pressure is managed by pressure control loop 48. The computerized pressure-indi-
cating controller (PIC-48) maintains a constant pressure at the output of the pump by sampling
pressure, comparing the actual pressure to a desired set point, and then modulating valve PV-48 to
reduce the error. Pressure transmitter PT-48 samples the pressure of the pump discharge as it
pushes product into a downstream product tank. If the pressure in the line increases, indicating
reduced demand downstream, then recirculation throttling valve PV-48 is opened slightly to recir-
culate more product back into TK-10. If downstream pressure decreases, indicating increased
demand, then the recirculation valve moves toward the closed position. This allows the constant-
speed motor driving the pump to run safely. When product isnt needed downstream, then the con-
stant recirculation eliminates the need for an agitator.
If the computer detects a high or low pressure and the signal remains for a certain time period,
then the operator is notified and the pump is stopped.
This scheme, or portions of it, will be discussed throughout the remainder of this book.
E. P&ID Summary
The P&ID is perhaps the single most important document in terms of communication of ideas. It
becomes the true starting point for the design package. It is a multidiscipline document that pro-
vides a means for coordinating the efforts of the entire design team. A very basic P&ID is shown in
Figure 6.
Before this P&ID can be released, the mechanical information has to be layered on. This is infor-
mation such as pipe number and equipment specifications. In some cases, detailed interlock notes
appear here. However, this minimized drawing is sufficient for the controls discussions in the fol-
lowing sections.
Figure 6. Basic P&ID drawing
SCALE SHEET
SZE CAGE CODE DWGNO. REV
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
NSTRUMENTATON & DESGN PRMER
SGNATURES DATE
DRAWN
CHECKED
APPROVED
PROJ ENGR
PROJ MGR
OF PROJECT NO.
B
USE CLENT DWGNO
PPNG& NSTRUMENTATON DAGRAM
PRODUCT DSTRBUTON SYSTEM
TK-13 PRODUCT TANK
P&D - 001
NONE DP 1 1
DWG
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
X/X/XX
XXX
XXX
REVSONS
REV DESCRPTON DATE APPR
DATE CADENG REVSON REV
DRAWN
Publ i shed by SA Press
Put the addresshere...
HS
15A
LSL
47
LAL
47
TK-10
HS
15B
PY
48
AS
/P
PV
48
M
L
10
3-WAY
LT
10
HY
13
AS
HV
13
FC

PT
48
HOA
LSH
10
ZSC
13
ZLC
13

PC
48
PAH/L
PAH-48
PP-10
FO
PRODUCT
TO TK- 11
FROM
PRODUCT
HEADER
TRENCH
DRAN
2nd Floor
3rd FLOOR
HS
13

VAC
PSV
58
PAL-48

NTERLOCK YL
15B
AUTO YL
15A
RUNNNG
LAH-10
LAM-10
LAL-10
!"#$%&!
COMPUTER FUNCTON
FELDDEVCE
XXX
YYY
XXX
XXX
AS
/P
PAH/L
PLC-GENERATEDALARM
Pressure Alarm High
Pressure Alarm Low
AR SUPPLY
CURRENT TO VOLTAGE
TRANSDUCER
ELECTRCAL SGNAL
PROCESS PPNG
ELECTRCAL NTERLOCK
Whitt2003.book Page 146 Thursday, July 10, 2003 4:05 PM