J. Chem.

Thermodynamics 42 (2010) 11581162

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

J. Chem. Thermodynamics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jct

Investigation of the isothermal (vapour + liquid) equilibria of aqueous

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), N-benzylethanolamine, or
3-dimethylamino-1-propanol solutions at several temperatures
Aouicha Belabbaci a, Nouria Chiali-Baba Ahmed a, Ilham Mokbel b, Latifa Negadi a,*
a
b

University Abou Bekr Belkaid of Tlemcen, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
LSA, Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS-UMR 5180, Universit Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne Cedex 69622, France

a r t i c l e

i n f o

Article history:
Received 14 February 2010
Received in revised form 24 March 2010
Accepted 20 April 2010
Available online 28 April 2010
Keywords:
(Vapour + liquid) equilibria
Isoteniscope
Amines
Water
Excess Gibbs free energy

a b s t r a c t
The vapour pressures of (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) + water), (N-benzylethanolamine + water), or (3-dimethylamino-1-propanol + water) binary mixtures, and of pure AMP and 3dimethylamino-1-propanol components were measured by means of two static devices at temperatures
between 283 K and 363 K. The data were correlated with the Antoine equation. From these data, excess
Gibbs functions (GE) were calculated for several constant temperatures and tted to a fourth-order RedlichKister equation using the Barkers method. The {2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) + water} binary mixture exhibits negative deviations in GE (at T < 353.15 K) and a sinusoidal shape for GE for the
higher temperatures over the whole composition range. For the aqueous N-benzylethanolamine solution,
a S shape is observed for the GE for all investigated temperatures over the whole composition range. The
(3-dimethylamino-1-propanol + water) binary mixture exhibits negative deviations in GE (at
T < 293.15 K), positive deviations in GE (for 293.15 K < T < 353.15 K) and a sinusoidal shape for GE for
the higher temperatures over the whole composition range.
2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
Aqueous alkanolamine solutions are widely used for the
removal of the acid gases (CO2 and H2S) from gas mixtures. In addition to the well-established industrial uses of experimental data
for these completely miscible (alkanolamine + water) systems,
there is a general scientic interest in using such experimental
data in combination with theories or mathematical models to
improve our understanding of molecular interactions in non-ideal
liquid systems. (Vapour + liquid) equilibria (VLE) data for
(alkanolamine + water) systems are rarely available in the
literature.
The present paper is part of a research program on (VLE) in
aqueous mixtures of alkanolamines. VLE data for binary mixtures
containing {methylethanolamine (MEA) + water}, or (4-methylmorpholine + water) have been reported previously [1]. The
purpose of the present work is to investigate VLE of {2-amino-2methyl-1-propanol
(AMP)
(CAS
#
124-68-5) + water},
{N-benzylethanolamine (CAS # 104-63-2) + water}, or {3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (CAS # 3179-63-3) + water} binary mixtures
with a view to use the results to determine interaction parameters

* Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +213 43 28 65 30.

E-mail address: latifanegadi@yahoo.fr (L. Negadi).
0021-9614/$ - see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jct.2010.04.015

for predictive group contribution methods. A survey of the literature shows that there is only one data set available for the
(AMP + water) system [2].

2. Experimental
The alkanolamines were supplied by Aldrich Chem. (Milwaukee, WI, USA). They were used without further purication. The
purities, tested by GLC, were better than mass fraction purity
0.99. Aqueous solutions were prepared from distilled and deionised water.
For the pure AMP and 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol components, the vapour pressure measurements were carried out using
a static apparatus. The description of the apparatus and the experimental procedure can be found elsewhere [36], so only the most
salient information is given here. The apparatus was equipped with
a differential manometer from MKS, type 670, model 616A. The
pressure measurement consisted of applying the vapour pressure
of the sample on the measurement side of the gauge. The reference
side was submitted to a permanent-dynamic pumping. The residual pressure was 104 Pa and therefore can be neglected. Temperature measurements were carried out using a copper-constantan
thermocouple calibrated against a 25 X platinum resistance standard thermometer (0.001 K, IPTS 90) and a Leeds and Northrup

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A. Belabbaci et al. / J. Chem. Thermodynamics 42 (2010) 11581162

bridge (104 X). During measurements the stability of the temperature is 0.02 K. The differential pressure gauge was calibrated
against a U-manometer lled with mercury or Apiezon oil depending on pressure range. The levels in both arms of the U-shaped
manometer were read by a cathetometer (reference 70298, from
Bouty France) to the nearest 0.001 mm. The calibration was then
checked by measuring the vapour and the sublimation pressures
of water and naphthalene [4]. The uncertainty of the measurements is estimated to be: r( P) = 0.03(P/Pa) for P < 600 Pa;
r(P) = 0.01(P/Pa) for P in the range (600 to 1300) Pa,
r(P) = 0.03(P/Pa) for P over 1300 Pa, and r(T) = 0.02 K for the
temperature range 203 6 T/K 6 463.
For the three binary systems, the experimental vapour pressure,
P, data were obtained with an apparatus described in detail by
Blondel-Telouk et al. [7,8], as a function of the temperature, T, for
constant mole fraction composition, xi. The apparatus allows measurements at pressures from 27 Pa to 200  103 Pa and at temperatures from (258.15 to 468.15) K. The pressure was measured with a
pressure gauge (Rosemount, Model 1151 DPE 22S2, Minneapolis,
MN, USA), separated from the working uid by a differential pressure indicator (MKS, Model 615D, MKS Instruments, USA). The
pressure gauges were periodically checked against a Hg or oil
manometer and a Bouty (Paris, France) Type 70298 cathetometer,
which when combined provide pressures with an uncertainty of
1 Pa. The temperature of the oil-lled thermostat was maintained
constant to 0.01 K. The temperature was measured by means of
a copper-constantan thermocouple calibrated against a Leeds and
Northrup standard platinum resistance thermometer 8163-B, calibrated by the National Bureau of Standards (NIST) (Washington,
DC, USA) and connected to Mueller type G2 bridge (with a precision 104 X). All temperatures are reported on ITS-90. The estimated uncertainties in pressure, temperature and mole fraction
are: r(P) = 0.15(P/Pa) for P < 13.3 Pa, r(P) = 0.05(P/Pa) at pressure
between (13.3 and 200) Pa, r(P) = 0.005(P/Pa) in the range (200
to 1000) Pa, r(P) = 0.002(P/Pa) for the range (1000 to
200  103) Pa, r(T) = 0.01 K and r(xi) = 0.0002. Mixtures were prepared by mass and thoroughly degassed by distillation as described
by Blondel-Tellouk et al. [7,8].

TABLE 2
Experimental and calculated (with the Antoine equation (1)) vapour pressures of pure
AMP and 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol.
T/K

P(experimental)/Pa

293.29
303.35
313.24
323.25
332.57
343.18
353.17
363.10
373.00
100dP/P

41.5
97.5
219.1
455.6
874.5
1658.6
2933.5
4987.5
8141.8

283.15
293.14
303.09
313.08
323.28
333.12
343.12
363.17
373.10
100dP/P

7.0
16.0
34.6
70.7
141.8
260.4
474.2
1419.4
2314.6

lg10 P=Torr A 

B
:
C t= C

The objective function Q was the sum of the squared relative deviations in pressure:

X Pcalc  Pexp 2
Q
:
Pexp

The overall mean relative deviation in pressure is:

dP
100
%
P
N

X


Pcalc  Pexp
;
Pexp

where N is the total number of experimental values.

Table 1 lists, for the pure AMP and 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol components,
the temperature range, the coefcients A, B, C of the Antoine equation and the overall mean relative deviation in pressure. The comparison of the calculated vapour

TABLE 1
Coefcients A, B, C and overall mean relative deviation in pressure of the Antoine
equation (1).
Compound

T/K

100(dP/P)

AMP 3
293.29373.00 7.73031 1698.90 185.9906 0.67
3-Dimethylamino- 283.1573.10 8.87465 2767.22 262.5195 0.31
1-propanol


P
Pcalc Pexp
, where N is the total number of experimental
100dP=P N1 N
i1 100
Pexp
values.

100dP/P

41.0
99.3
219.1
456.2
856.0
1657.1
2942.1
4993.6
8159.0

1.21
1.87
0.02
0.13
2.11
0.09
0.29
0.12
0.21
0.67

3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol
7.0
16.0
34.5
70.8
140.8
262.3
475.1
1413.0
2318.4

0.04
0.13
0.27
0.15
0.69
0.72
0.20
0.45
0.17
0.31

TABLE 3
Values of the vapour pressure P, standard deviations dP/P (%), activity coefcients c1
and c2 and excess molar Gibbs functions GE for the binary system {AMP (1) + water
(2)}.
x1

P/kPa

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

2.2838
2.1703
2.0305
1.9769

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

4.1478
3.9584
3.7225
3.5283

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

7.2219
6.9120
6.5300
6.0803

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

12.1071
11.6081
11.0120
10.1488

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

19.6156
18.8235
17.9239
16.4517

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

30.8154
29.5745
28.2571
25.9642

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

47.0737
45.1559
43.2785
39.9802

0.0000
0.0498
0.1001
0.1800

70.1022
67.1789
64.5689
60.1821

3. Results and discussion

The experimental vapour pressure data were tted to the Antoine equation:

P(from equation (1)/Pa

AMP

x1

P/kPa

x1

P/kPa

T/K = 293.15
0.2603
1.6698
0.3598
1.4464
0.5408
1.0027

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

0.6915
0.3627
0.0405

T/K = 303.15
0.2603
3.0389
0.3598
2.6179
0.5408
1.7898

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

1.2269
0.7081
0.0976

T/K = 313.15
0.2603
5.3265
0.3598
4.5642
0.5408
3.0872

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

2.1074
1.2963
0.2176

T/K = 323.15
0.2603
9.0231
0.3598
7.6914
0.5408
5.1605

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

3.5138
2.2446
0.4531

T/K = 333.15
0.2603
14.8171
0.3598
12.5658
0.5408
8.3817

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

5.7009
3.7036
0.8889

T/K = 343.15
0.2603
23.6497
0.3598
19.9565
0.5408
13.2592

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

9.0190
5.8587
1.6544

T/K = 353.15
0.2603
36.7767
0.3598
30.8832
0.5408
20.4713

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

13.9399
8.9306
2.9386

T/K = 363.15
0.2603
55.8377
0.3598
46.6687
0.5408
30.9057

0.6692
0.8203
1.0000

21.0863
13.1748
5.0068

1160

A. Belabbaci et al. / J. Chem. Thermodynamics 42 (2010) 11581162

pressures of AMP or 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol from equation (1) with the measured values is shown in table 2. Our vapour pressure data for pure AMP are in good
agreement with those reported by Pappa et al. [2] or given by the NIST database [9].
For pure 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol, no vapour pressure data are available in the
literature. For pure water and N-benzylethanolamine, the vapour pressures used in
this work have been reported previously [1,10].
For the three binary mixtures, the vapour pressures were measured at temperatures between (283.15 (or 293.15) and 363.15) K and the results tted to the Antoine equation and the molar excess Gibbs functions GE were estimated from the
RedlichKister equation using the method of Barker [11]:

GE x1 1  x1

m
X

RTGj 2x1  1j1 ;

components with pressure were accounted for in terms of the second molar virial
coefcients, estimated by the method of Tsonopoulos [12,13] and the molar volumes
under saturation pressure.

TABLE 5
Values of the vapour pressure P, standard deviations dP/P (%), activity coefcients c1
and c2 and excess molar Gibbs functions GE for the binary system {3-dimethylamino1-propanol (1) + water (2)}.
x1

P/kPa

j1

where x1 is the mole fraction for the alkanolamine. The coefcients Gj were determined by regression through minimization of the sum of deviations in pressure. Vapour phase imperfection and variation of the Gibbs function of the pure liquid

TABLE 4
Values of the vapour pressure P, standard deviations dP/P (%), activity coefcients c1
and c2 and excess molar Gibbs functions GE for the binary system {N-benzylethanolamine (1) + water (2)}.
x1

P/kPa

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

1.1995
1.1797
1.1600
1.1242

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

2.2838
2.2513
2.1784
2.0655

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

3.0950
3.0538
2.9377
2.7628

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

4.1478
4.0959
3.9223
3.6646

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

7.2219
7.1404
6.7991
6.2965

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

12.1071
11.9800
11.3869
10.5045

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

19.6156
19.4190
18.4827
17.0558

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

30.8154
30.5123
29.1565
27.0090

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

47.0737
46.6090
44.8102
41.7925

0.0000
0.0746
0.1798
0.2599

70.1022
69.3943
67.2411
63.2972

x1

P/kPa

x1

P/kPa

T/K = 283.15
0.3589
0.9828
0.4879
0.6833
0.6368
0.3759

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

0.2192
0.1087
0.0003

T/K = 293.15
0.3589
1.8102
0.4879
1.3596
0.6368
0.7557

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

0.4434
0.2183
0.0008

T/K = 298.15
0.3589
2.4174
0.4879
1.8667
0.6368
1.0465

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

0.6167
0.3040
0.0013

T/K = 303.15
0.3589
3.1963
0.4879
2.5217
0.6368
1.4287

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

0.8464
0.4187
0.0022

T/K = 313.15
0.3589
5.4334
0.4879
4.4051
0.6368
2.5597

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

1.5359
0.7708
0.0053

T/K = 323.15
0.3589
8.9249
0.4879
7.3076
0.6368
4.3745

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

2.6642
1.3666
0.0125

T/K = 333.15
0.3589
14.2113
0.4879
11.5917
0.6368
7.1709

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

4.4397
2.3414
0.0276

T/K = 343.15
0.3589
21.9986
0.4879
17.6823
0.6368
11.3275

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

7.1376
3.8885
0.0578

T/K = 353.15
0.3589
33.1874
0.4879
26.0629
0.6368
17.3127

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

11.1108
6.2757
0.1159

T/K = 363.15
0.3589
48.9020
0.4879
37.2688
0.6368
25.6896

0.7546
0.8358
1.0000

16.8003
9.8664
0.2227

x1

P/kPa

x1

P/kPa

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

1.1995
1.1288
1.0745

T/K = 283.15
0.2599
0.8687
0.3602
0.7398
0.4998
0.5619

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

2.2838
2.1704
2.0696

T/K = 293.15
0.2599
1.6884
0.3602
1.4182
0.4998
1.1314

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

0.6510
0.5163
0.0160

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

4.1478
3.9719
3.7980

T/K = 303.15
0.2599
3.1272
0.3602
2.6069
0.4998
2.1465

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

1.2137
1.0206
0.0346

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

7.2219
6.9561
6.6752

T/K = 313.15
0.2599
5.5479
0.3602
4.6130
0.4998
3.8649

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

2.1637
1.8315
0.0712

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

12.1070
11.7119
11.2862

T/K = 323.15
0.2599
9.4688
0.3602
7.8849
0.4998
6.6449

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

3.7059
3.0416
0.1396

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

19.6156
19.0343
18.4285

T/K = 333.15
0.2599
15.6059
0.3602
13.0589
0.4998
10.9668

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

6.1227
4.7426
0.2627

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

30.8153
29.9641
29.1571

T/K = 343.15
0.2599
24.9205
0.3602
21.0130
0.4998
17.4516

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

9.7921
7.0204
0.4760

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

47.0737
45.8291
44.8321

T/K = 353.15
0.2599
38.6685
0.3602
32.9293
0.4998
26.8798

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

15.2060
9.9512
0.8328

0.0000
0.0501
0.1005

70.1021
68.2833
67.1660

T/K = 363.15
0.2599
58.4529
0.3602
50.3645
0.4998
40.2065

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

22.9894
13.5994
1.4116

0.7189
0.8119
1.0000

0.3322
0.2310
0.007

FIGURE 1. Plot of pressure against mole fraction to show the experimental and
calculated Px(y) behaviour of the system {AMP (1) + water (2)} at different
temperatures: , 293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15; N, 363.15 K; 3, calculated
values using Barkers method.

1161

A. Belabbaci et al. / J. Chem. Thermodynamics 42 (2010) 11581162

FIGURE 2. Plot of pressure against mole fraction to show the experimental and
calculated Px(y) behaviour of the system {N-benzylethanolamine (1) + water (2)}
at different temperatures: , 293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15; N, 363.15 K; 3,
calculated values using Barkers method.

FIGURE 3. Plot of pressure against mole fraction to show the experimental and
calculated Px(y) behaviour of the system {3-dimethylamino-1-propanol
(1) + water (2)} at different temperatures: , 293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15; N,
363.15 K; 3, calculated values using Barkers method.

For the three binary mixtures, a fourth-order RedlichKister equation has been
chosen because it was the most suitable to represent the excess Gibbs free energies
for all investigated temperatures (it gives the best representations of GE for the lowest values of dP/P).
The vapour pressure as a function of the mole fraction for each binary mixture is
listed in tables 3 to 5, and shown in gures 1 to 3.
The Gj coefcients and standard deviations r(Gj) for (AMP + water), (N-benzylethanolamine + water), or (3-dimethylamino-1-propanol + water) binary system
are reported in table 6.
The three binary mixtures do not show azeotropic behaviour. No comparison
with literature data was possible for the investigated temperaturepressure-composition (TPx) range.
For each system, the molar excess Gibbs functions GE at different temperatures,
calculated from our vapour pressure data, are plotted in gures 4 to 6 against the
mole fraction x1 of alkanolamine.
The aqueous AMP solution exhibits negative deviations in GE values calculated
from the vapour pressure data for the temperatures less than 313.15 K. For higher
temperatures, the S shape is observed for GE. The equimolar GE of (AMP + water)

increases with increasing temperature from 203 J  mol1 at T = 293.15 K to

136 J  mol1 at T = 313.15 K than decreases with increasing temperature to
333 J  mol1 at T = 363.15 K.
The (N-benzylethanolamine + water) binary mixture shows a sinusoidal shape
for GE values calculated from the vapour pressure data for all investigated temperatures over the whole composition range. The equimolar GE of (N-benzylethanolamine + water) increases with increasing temperature from 377 J  mol1 at
T = 283.15 K to 224 J  mol1 at T = 343.15 K than decreases with increasing temperature to 236 J  mol1 at T = 363.15 K.
The aqueous 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol binary solution exhibits negative
deviations in GE (for T < 293.15 K), positive deviations in GE (for
293.15 K < T < 353.15 K) and a sinusoidal shape for GE for the higher temperatures
over the whole composition range. The equimolar GE of (3-dimethylamino-1-propanol + water) increases with increasing temperature from 46 J  mol1 at
T = 283.15 K to +303 J  mol1 at T = 313.15 K than decreases with increasing temperature to 87 J  mol1 (at T = 363.15 K).
The S shape for GE depends essentially on the combined effects of the temperature and composition on the behaviour of the system.

TABLE 6
Coefcients Gj and standard deviations r for least-squares representations by equation (4).
T/K

G1

G2

G4

0.01169
0.23712
0.40370
0.51883
0.58682
0.61019
0.59088
0.53140

(0.168)
(0.115)
(0.081)
(0.062)
(0.054)
(0.051)
(0.052)
(0.060)

0.17132
0.02375
0.14916
0.21356
0.22302
0.18184
0.09354
0.03819

(0.319)
(0.219)
(0.153)
(0.116)
(0.100)
(0.094)
(0.096)
(0.111)

G3

293.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15

0.32708
0.25737
0.22532
0.22461
0.24995
0.29680
0.36109
0.43904

(0.073)
(0.049)
(0.034)
(0.025)
(0.021)
(0.019)
(0.019)
(0.022)

0.09084
0.05707
0.14214
0.17368
0.15868
0.10279
0.01104
0.11161

{AMP + water}
(0.065)
(0.045)
(0.032)
(0.024)
(0.021)
(0.020)
(0.021)
(0.025)

283.15
293.15
298.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15

0.66497
0.55486
0.51108
0.47358
0.41456
0.37303
0.34546
0.32912
0.32191
0.32209

(0.058)
(0.066)
(0.071)
(0.075)
(0.079)
(0.077)
(0.071)
(0.065)
(0.060)
(0.062)

0.97724
0.98497
0.97419
0.95554
0.89891
0.82204
0.72991
0.62617
0.51353
0.39406

{N-benzylethanolamine + water}
(0.061)
(0.070)
(0.075)
(0.079)
(0.083)
(0.081)
(0.076)
(0.068)
(0.064)
(0.066)

0.67194
0.46884
0.38922
0.32281
0.22567
0.17008
0.14958
0.15863
0.19254
0.24735

(0.128)
(0.145)
(0.155)
(0.164)
(0.171)
(0.167)
(0.155)
(0.141)
(0.131)
(0.136)

0.10927
0.87686
0.81446
0.77749
0.76796
0.82823
0.94296
1.10021
1.29050
1.50616

(0.259)
(0.295)
(0.318)
(0.336)
(0.353)
(0.345)
(0.319)
(0.288)
(0.268)
(0.276)

283.15
293.15
303.15
313.15
323.15
333.15
343.15
353.15
363.15

0.07768
0.24091
0.40801
0.46532
0.44194
0.35885
0.23130
0.07056
0.11493

(0.022)
(0.051)
(0.093)
(0.115)
(0.121)
(0.113)
(0.095)
(0.070)
(0.042)

{3-Dimethylamino-1-propanol + water}
0.19259
(0.022)
0.02247
0.36242
(0.050)
0.39851
0.40559
(0.092)
0.60643
0.35689
(0.114)
0.66308
0.24142
(0.120)
0.61051
0.47817
0.07751
(0.113)
0.12118
(0.096)
0.28694
0.34445
(0.071)
0.05187
0.58458
(0.043)
0.21608

(0.047)
(0.106)
(0.194)
(0.240)
(0.252)
(0.237)
(0.201)
(0.149)
(0.090)

0.14096
0.32640
0.53317
0.54754
0.41862
0.18229
0.13473
0.51233
0.93512

(0.088)
(0.199)
(0.366)
(0.455)
(0.478)
(0.449)
(0.379)
(0.280)
(0.167)

1162

A. Belabbaci et al. / J. Chem. Thermodynamics 42 (2010) 11581162

The negative values of GE shows that the entropic effect is more important than
the enthalpic one. It is, essentially, due to the presence of the strong hydrogen
bonding which decrease the enthalpic effect.

4. Summary

FIGURE 4. Plot of GE against x1 for the {AMP (1) + water (2)} system: T = ,
293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15 K; N, 363.15 K; 3, calculated values using
equation (4).

Vapour pressures of pure AMP and 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol have been measured using a static device and correlated with
the Antoine equation. Isothermal VLE data of aqueous AMP, N-benzylethanolamine, or 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol solutions were
studied at several temperatures using a second static device. The
aqueous AMP solution exhibits negative deviations in GE (at
T < 313.15 K) and a sinusoidal shape for GE for the higher temperatures. For the (N-benzylethanolamine + water) binary mixture, a
S shape is observed for the GE for all investigated temperatures
over the whole composition range. The aqueous 3-dimethylamino-1-propanol binary mixture exhibits negative deviations in
GE (at T < 293.15 K), positive deviations in GE (for 293.15 K < T
< 353.15 K) and a sinusoidal shape for GE for the higher temperatures over the whole composition range.
Acknowledgement
This work has been done in the framework of the international
project PHC TASSILI (Ref. 09 MDU 761).
References

FIGURE 5. Plot of GE against x1 for the {N-benzylethanolamine (1) + water (2)}

system: T = , 293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15; N, 363.15 K; 3, calculated values
using equation (4).

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JCT 1055

FIGURE 6. Plot of GE against x1 for the {3-dimethylamino-1-propanol (1) + water

(2)} system: T = , 293.15 K; d, 323.15 K; j, 343.15; N, 363.15 K; 3, calculated
values using equation (4).