ELECTRICITY FOR

ELECTRICITY FOR
WATER SUPPLY
WATER SUPPLY
by by
Engr Engr. Alexis T. . Alexis T. Belonio Belonio, PAE, Fellow PSAE , PAE, Fellow PSAE
Associate Professor and Chair Associate Professor and Chair
Department of Agricultural Engineering and Department of Agricultural Engineering and
Environmental Management Environmental Management
College of Agriculture College of Agriculture
Central Philippine University Central Philippine University
Iloilo City Iloilo City
Email: Email: atbelonio@yahoo.com atbelonio@yahoo.com
Introduction
Introduction

Water is the most important of all our

Water is the most important of all our
natural resources
natural resources

A ready supply of water is a vital need for

A ready supply of water is a vital need for
every farm
every farm

Thee should be an adequate supply of

Thee should be an adequate supply of
water and it must be pure for its intended
water and it must be pure for its intended
use.
use.
Sources of Water
Sources of Water

Surface water
Surface water

rivers, lake, farm

rivers, lake, farm
ponds, and
ponds, and
reservoirs
reservoirs

Underground water
Underground water

wells and springs

wells and springs
Classifications of Wells
Classifications of Wells

According to Depth of Well

According to Depth of Well

Shallow Wells
Shallow Wells

lifting water is 22 feet or less

lifting water is 22 feet or less

Deep Wells
Deep Wells

lifting water is 22 feet and

lifting water is 22 feet and
above
above

According to the Type of Construction

According to the Type of Construction

Dug well
Dug well

shallow, susceptible to pollution

shallow, susceptible to pollution

Driven well
Driven well

shallow, safe, economical

shallow, safe, economical

Bored wells
Bored wells

shallow, susceptible to pollution

shallow, susceptible to pollution

Tubular Wells
Tubular Wells

deep, safe
deep, safe

Drilled Wells
Drilled Wells

deep, safe
deep, safe
Daily Water Requirements
Daily Water Requirements
Use Use Gal/day Gal/day
Each member of the family Each member of the family 50 or 250 minimum per 50 or 250 minimum per
household household
Each horse Each horse 12 12
Each cow producing milk Each cow producing milk 40 40
Each dry cow or steer Each dry cow or steer 12 12
Each hog Each hog 4 4
Each sheep Each sheep 2 2
Each 100 chicken Each 100 chicken 6 6
Each 100 turkeys Each 100 turkeys 18 18
Garden hose, in. nozzle Garden hose, in. nozzle 300 300
Garden hose, 1/2 in. nozzle Garden hose, 1/2 in. nozzle 200 200
General Pump Classifications
General Pump Classifications

Rotary
Rotary

It uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw to

It uses gears, vanes, lobe, or screw to
trap and convey fluid from inlet to the outlet of
trap and convey fluid from inlet to the outlet of
the pump.
the pump.

Reciprocating
Reciprocating

It uses a back and forth motion

It uses a back and forth motion
of mechanical parts such as piston or
of mechanical parts such as piston or
diaphragms to pressurize the fluid.
diaphragms to pressurize the fluid.

Centrifugal
Centrifugal

It uses a centrifugal force imparted

It uses a centrifugal force imparted
to the fluid by one or more rotating elements
to the fluid by one or more rotating elements
called impellers to increase the kinetic energy
called impellers to increase the kinetic energy
and pressure energy of the fluid.
and pressure energy of the fluid.
Submersible
-Type
Surface-Type
Examples of Centrifugal Pumps
Types of Pump Commonly Used for
Types of Pump Commonly Used for
Pumping Water
Pumping Water

Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal Pump

A type
A type
of pump with impellers
of pump with impellers
rotating inside a closed
rotating inside a closed
casing which draws water
casing which draws water
into the pump through a
into the pump through a
central inlet opening and
central inlet opening and
forces water out through a
forces water out through a
discharge outlet at the
discharge outlet at the
periphery of the housing by
periphery of the housing by
means of centrifugal force.
means of centrifugal force.
Axial Flow Pump
Axial Flow Pump

A type f pump which

A type f pump which
develop most of the
develop most of the
suction and
suction and
discharge head by
discharge head by
propelling or lifting
propelling or lifting
action of the impeller
action of the impeller
vanes on water.
vanes on water.
Mixed Flow Pump
Mixed Flow Pump

A type of pump which

A type of pump which
combines some of the
combines some of the
features of both
features of both
centrifugal and the axial
centrifugal and the axial
flow pump and in which
flow pump and in which
head is developed partly
head is developed partly
by the centrifugal force
by the centrifugal force
and partly by the loft of
and partly by the loft of
the vanes on the water.
the vanes on the water.
Applications of Electric Pump
Applications of Electric Pump
System
System

Domestic Water
Domestic Water
supply
supply

Agro
Agro
-
-
Industrial
Industrial
Water Supply
Water Supply

Irrigation Water
Irrigation Water
Supply
Supply
Pump for Domestic Water Supply
Pumps Terms
Pumps Terms

Capacity
Capacity

It is the amount of discharge of

It is the amount of discharge of
a pump at maximum efficiency.
a pump at maximum efficiency.

Discharge
Discharge

It is the volume of water

It is the volume of water
pumped per unit time.
pumped per unit time.

Head
Head

It is the amount of energy required

It is the amount of energy required
to lift and move the water from any
to lift and move the water from any
arbitrary datum.
arbitrary datum.

Friction Head
Friction Head
-
-
It is the equivalent head
It is the equivalent head
required to overcome the friction caused by
required to overcome the friction caused by
the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.
the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings.

Static Suction Head

Static Suction Head

It is the vertical
It is the vertical
distance from the free suction water level to
distance from the free suction water level to
the center line of the pump.
the center line of the pump.

Static Discharge Head

Static Discharge Head

It is the vertical
It is the vertical
distance from the centerline of the pump to
distance from the centerline of the pump to
the discharge water level.
the discharge water level.
Head
Head
Ht = Hs + Hd + Hf
where:
Ht - total head, m
Hs - suction head, m
Hd - discharge head, m
Hf - friction head, m
Water Horsepower
Water Horsepower

It is the theoretical power required by the pump

It is the theoretical power required by the pump
in pumping water.
in pumping water.
WHP = Q H / 273
where:
WHP - water horsepower, hp
Q - discharge, m
3
/hr
H - vertical lift, m
Brake Horsepower
Brake Horsepower

It is the power required to drive the pump shaft

It is the power required to drive the pump shaft
BHP = WHP / p
where:
BHP - brake horsepower, hp
WHP - water horsepower, hp
p - pump efficiency, %
Pump Efficiency
Pump Efficiency

It is the ratio of the power output to the

It is the ratio of the power output to the
power input of the pump.
power input of the pump.
p = WHP x 100 / BHP
where:
p - pump efficiency, %
WHP - water horsepower, hp
BHP - brake horsepower, hp
Overall System Efficiency of Water
Overall System Efficiency of Water
Pump
Pump
Pump Type
Pump Type
Overall System
Overall System
Efficiency
Efficiency
New electric motor and
New electric motor and
water pump
water pump
95
95
Reconditioned pump and
Reconditioned pump and
motor units
motor units
60
60

Cavitation
Cavitation

It is the formation of cavities filled

It is the formation of cavities filled
with water vapor due to local pressure drop and
with water vapor due to local pressure drop and
collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach
collapse as soon as the vapor bubbles reach
regions of high pressure.
regions of high pressure.

Priming
Priming

It is the filling up of the pump with

It is the filling up of the pump with
water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air
water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air
through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the
through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the
casing.
casing.
Factors to Consider in the
Factors to Consider in the
Selection of Pump
Selection of Pump

Head
Head
-
-
Capacity of the Well
Capacity of the Well

Initial Cost
Initial Cost

Space requirement
Space requirement

Type of power unit and pump

Type of power unit and pump
characteristics
characteristics

Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment,

Storage Capacity, rate of replenishment,
and well diameter
and well diameter

Other possible uses of pump

Other possible uses of pump
Pump Laws
Pump Laws
Q
Q
1 1
/ Q
/ Q
2 2
= N
= N
1 1
/ N
/ N
2 2
H
H
1 1
/ H
/ H
2 2
= N
= N
1 1
2 2
/ N
/ N
2 2
2 2
BHP
BHP
1 1
/ BHP
/ BHP
2 2
= N
= N
1 1
3 3
/ N
/ N
2 2
3 3
where:
Q - discharge
N - rpm
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
Geometrically Similar Pumps
Geometrically Similar Pumps
Q
Q
2 2
/ Q
/ Q
1 1
= (D
= (D
2 2
/ D
/ D
1 1
)
)
3 3
H
H
2 2
/ H
/ H
1 1
= (D
= (D
2 2
/ D
/ D
1 1
)
)
2 2
BHP
BHP
2 2
/ BHP
/ BHP
1 1
= (D
= (D
2 2
/ D
/ D
1 1
)
)
5 5
where:
Q - discharge
D - impeller diameter
H - head
BHP - brake horsepower
Pump Controller
Magnetic Starter
Switch
Push Button
Switch
Pressure Tank
Pressure Switches
Heater for Water Tank
Float Switch
References
References

Brown, R. 1956. Farm Electrification. McGraw

Brown, R. 1956. Farm Electrification. McGraw
-
-
Hill
Hill
Book Company. New York. 367pp.
Book Company. New York. 367pp.

J ames, L. 1988. Principles of Farm Irrigation System

J ames, L. 1988. Principles of Farm Irrigation System
Design. J ohn Wiley & Sons. USA. 543pp.
Design. J ohn Wiley & Sons. USA. 543pp.

PAES. 2001. Centrifugal Pump

PAES. 2001. Centrifugal Pump
-
-
Specifications.
Specifications.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering standards Volume I.
Philippine Agricultural Engineering standards Volume I.
AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College, Laguna. A
AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College, Laguna. A
-
-
142 to A
142 to A
-
-
148.
148.

PAES. 2001. Centrifugal, Mixed Flow, and Axial

PAES. 2001. Centrifugal, Mixed Flow, and Axial
-
-
Flow
Flow
Pump
Pump
-
-
Specifications. Philippine Agricultural Engineering
Specifications. Philippine Agricultural Engineering
standards Volume I. AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College,
standards Volume I. AMTEC, CEAT, UPLB, College,
Laguna. A
Laguna. A
-
-
150 to A
150 to A
-
-
168.
168.