Chap. II.

ROMAN.
103
eluded in tUc. establisliinent of Pansa seems certain, from tlieir being connected with the
peristyle by the large ajjartment U. On excavating liere, four skeletons of females
were found marked by their gold ear-rings ; also a candelabrum, two vases, a fine
marble head of a faun, gold l)racelets, rings with engraved stones, &c. &.c. V V V are
sliops, which appear, by the remaiTis of staircases, to have had apartments above. They
contain dwarf walls ft)r ranging oil jars and other goods against. W \V, &c. are dif-
ferent shops. One is of a baker, and to it the necessary conveniences are appended. X X.
apotheca or store-rooms. Y is the bakehouse, containing the oven Z, the mills, c
kneading trough, i*v:c. : it is paved with volcanic stone in irregular polygons,
g
g,
place for
the wood and ciiarcoal. h aiipears to have been almost a distinct dwelling : two of the
apartments had windows to tlie street, which runs southward to the forinn. f f f, entrances
from the street to tlie house of Pansa. Tlie house was surrounded by streets, or, in otlier
words, was an insula. We have thus named the principal apartments, and identified tiiem
by an example. In more magnificent houses there were the sacrarium, the venereum, tiie
sphcTBristerium, the aleatorium, cS:c. &c. The painting/^. 137. is in the kitchen of tlie
house
of
Pansa, and represents the worship of the lares, under whose care and protection
the
provisions and cooking utensils were ))laced.
FlK. l""?. PAINTINO
^54. Tumhs. The Romans were rather given to magnificence in the tombs erected for their
(lead. Some of these were public, and others for the interment of individuals or families.
The foi'mer were often of vast extent, and iiave been compared to subterranean cities
;
the
otliers were pyramids, conical and cylindrical towers, with ranges of vaults in them for
sepulture.
255. Perhaps the earliest tomb at Rome is that of the Horatii, now known as that of
Aruns, son of Porsenna, which stands on the Appian Way, and was probably construited
by Etruscan wi rkmen. It has a basement 15 ft square on the ()hm, on wliich stand
five masses of rubble or eaith, faced with masonry, m tlie form of frusta of cones, four of
whicli are ten feet dia'ne er at the bottom, and are placed at the four anglts of the base-
ment. The (ifih stands in the centre of the whole mass, and is larger tl an the oliiers.
^^56. Tlie prmcipal tombs about Romeare: 1 The pyramid ot C'a'us Cestius, whosesides
are 102 ft. long, and its hei^lit about the same number of feet. Tiie interior contains in
the centre a reciangnl.T cill. 20 ft. Icng. and 13 ft. broad. At each external angle of this
jjyrainid stands a Doric column, without any portion of entalilature over it. It is
possible these vcre intended as ornaments, though it has often puzzled us to find out how
they ever could have been so thought. 2. The tomb of Hadrian, now converted into the
Castel St. Angilo, had originally a s(iuare basement, whoe sides were 170 ft. long. From
this substructure rose a cylindrical tower, ] 15 ft. diameler, probably at one time enciicled
by a colonnade. It is now used as a fortress, and was considerably altered by Pope
Paul III. .3. The mausoleum of Cecilia iNIetella is circular, 90 ft. in diameter, and 6'i ft.
high, standing on a basement of the same form, which up to the frieze is of Travertine
stone, used as a casing to a rubble wall: it is the ealie.-t use of Travertine, b c. 10%
though some writers state 50 b.c. The frieze is of niaible. In what may be called the
core is a cell, 19 ft. diameter, to which there is an entrance by a pass^ige.
257. We do not, however, think it necessary further to detail the Homan tombs which
may be found in Rome or the provinces, but, in lieu of extending our desciiption on this