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ESTRIBO
Introduccin.
El diseo de los muros de contencin comprende dos aspectos:
1 .- Tiene que ver con los suelos .
2.- El diseo estructural del muro propiamente dicho.
Propiedades Mecanicas: (Materiales)
Concreto:
H =
2400
Ec = 4270 * 1.5 *
[kg/m3]
f 'c
Tipo P R210
210 [kg/cm2]
(Resistencia caracteristica)
f'c =
EC =
230067.0 [kg/cm2]
Acero: G-60
fy =
Es =
4200 [kg/cm2]
(Limite de fluencia)
21000000 [kg/cm2]
p
b2
b3
h1
x1
H2
PPS
CVHS20
CV
WL
h2
h1
H3
H4
h3
S2
S1
b7
x2
h7
S4
h9
S3
E1
h10
H6
h4
S5
y1
h8
dx
E2
H7
h5
H1
b4
x3 C
x4M
y2
b5
b9
h5
b6
b1 =
[m]
h1 =
2.00
[m]
b2 =
0.25
[m]
h2 =
0.5
[m]
4.3
b3 =
0.7
[m]
h3 =
0.4
[m]
4.3
b4 =
2.1
[m]
h4 =
3.40
[m]
b5 =
0.8
[m]
h5 =
0.7
[m]
x1 =
0.33
[m]
b6 =
2.1
[m]
h6 =
[m]
0.05
[m]
b7 =
0.25
[m]
h7 =
1.9
[m]
dx =
x2 =
0.7
[m]
b8 =
[m]
h8 =
2.4
[m]
x3 =
0.1
[m]
b9 =
[m]
h9 =
7.00
[m]
x4 =
0.15
[m]
h10=
7.00
[m]
5.2
Dado:
Base =
Ancho =
Alto =
Hv =
0.4
0.5
0.15
1.73
[m] Neopreno:
[m]
[m]
[m]
Base =
Ancho =
Alto =
S=
0.5
0.25
0.05
2.4
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
Solicitaciones en el Estribo:
- Carga Muerta de la superestructura (CM):
Pv =
PL =
Pcr =
Pb+a =
1.551
0.864
0.088
0.426
[Tn/m]
[Tn/m]
[Tn/m]
[Tn/m]
PD =
0.52
[Tn]
(Peso Diafragma) n =
L=
L=
30.6
30.0
Pps =
Pps =
PTS =
PTS =
(1.551+0.864+0.088+2*0.426/2)*30.6/2 + 4*0.52/2 =
45.854 [Tn]
2*45.854 =
91.708
45.854 [Tn]
[Tn]
[Tn]
2.4
[Tn/m3]
1.8
[Tn/m3]
base
[m]
5
Alto
[m]
0.7
Profund.
[m]
5
Seccion
Tipo
H1
Peso
[Tn]
42.000
Brazo "A"
[m]
2.5
M "A"
[Tn-m]
105
H2
0.25
2.0
6.000
2.925
17.55
H3
1.0
0.5
5.700
2.575
14.678
H4
0.25
0.4
0.600
2.883
1.73
H6
0.7
3.8
31.920
2.45
78.204
H7
0.1
3.4
2.040
2.833
5.779
H8
0.7
0.25
1.680
2.45
4.116
S1
1.95
6.3
110.565
4.025
445.024
II
S2
0.25
0.4
0.45
2.967
1.335
Seccion
III
S3
0.15
3.4
4.59
2.975
13.655
IV
S4
0.1
3.4
1.53
2.867
4.387
S5
2.1
2.4
1
=
45.36
252.435
1.05
47.628
739.086
CVac =
0.29
0.65
30.6
[Tn/m2]
[m]
[m]
qac * b * L
*2
2
5.768 [Tn]
CVac = 0.29*0.65*30.6*2/2 =
Carga Viva HS20-44:
Figura: Posiciones de carga para obtener reacciones max. En el cabezal del estribo.
P/4
L
R
7.265 [Tn]
[m]
4.3
[m]
30
R=
(9 L 6a ) P
4L
R = (9*30 - 6*4.3)*7.265/(4*30) =
Fr =
14.784
[Tn]
2 (Fila de ruedas)
CVHS20 =
2*14.784 =
29.568
[Tn]
Luego, segn posiciones criticas del tren de cargas mostrada en la figura anterior, para
Reacciones max.en el apoyo1 por HS20 para una faja de trafico, las reacciones en los
apoyos de las vigas seran:
CL
R
R
E
1
S
R2
R1
E=
S=
a=
1.8
2.4
0.2
[m]
[m]
[m]
M2 = 0 :
R1 =
( 2 S + 2a E ) R
S
V = 0 :
R2 =
R1 =
20.944
[Tn]
R 2 = 2 R R1
2*14.784 - 20.944 =
8.624 [Tn]
Carga De Viento:
Viento en la Superestructura:
s/g AASHTO
wL =
0.06
(Viento Longitudinal)
wT =
0.245 [Tn/m2]
[Tn/m2]
(Viento Transversal)
30.6
1.73
0.43
0.2
0.125
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
hpost =
N P =
0.9
16
[m]
Viga =
Acera =
Postes =
1.73*15.3 =
0.43*15.3 =
16*0.2*0.9/2 =
26.469 [m2]
6.579 [m2]
1.44 [m2]
Baranda =
2*0.125*(30.6 - 0.2*16)/2 =
3.425 [m2]
37.913 [m2]
Area =
37.913
[m2]
WL =
0.06*37.913 =
2.275 [Tn]
(Viento Longitudinal)
WT =
0.245*37.913 =
9.289 [Tn]
(Viento Transversal)
Viento en la infraestructura:
Viento en la carga viva:
s/g AASHTO
WLL =
0.06
[Tn/m2]
(Viento Longitudinal)
WLT =
0.15
[Tn/m2]
(Viento Transversal)
0.06*15.3 =
0.918 [Tn]
PLT =
0.15*15.3 =
2.295 [Tn]
15.30 [m]
1.8
[m]
s/g AASHTO
LF = 0.05 * (q * L + Cm) * n
Donde:
LF =
q=
Cm =
n=
L=
0.935 [Tn/m]
8
[Tn]
1
15.3 [m]
0.05*(0.935*15.3 + 8)*1 =
1.115 [Tn]
1.8
[m]
*H
Hs =
2
p
( H + 2 Hs) K
(Formula de Rankine)
0.556 [m]
Hs =
Hs =
0.6
[m]
K = tan 2 45
K=
0.3333
Donde: =
1.8
[Tn/m3]
H = Variable
[m]
= 30
1.0 [Tn/m2]
p=
y=
(ya simplificado)
H 2 / 3 + Hs * H
H + 2 Hs
ME = E * y
Remplazando valores segn corresponda:
Empuje E1 : (Activo)
7.0 [m]
H=
5
L=
[m]
E1 =
0.5*1.8*7*(7 + 2*0.6)*0.3333*5 =
y1 =
Ho =
Y1 =
ME1 =
86.091*2.504 =
Empuje E2 : (Pasivo)
2.4 [m]
H=
B=
5
[m]
215.572
Hs =
86.091
2.504 [m]
[Tn-m]
[m]
[Tn]
E2 =
-0.5*1.8*2.4*(2.4 + 2*0)*3*5 =
-77.768
y2 =
Ho =
Y2 =
0.8
ME2 =
-77.768*0.8 =
-62.214
[Tn]
[m]
[Tn-m]
8.323
[Tn]
153.358 [Tn-m]
. *[CM + 167
. (CVHS 20 + CV AC ) + E ]
CU I = 13
. *(0.75CM + 13
. E +W)
CU II = 13
. *[0.75CM + (CVHS 20 + CV AC ) + 13
. E + 0.3W + WL + LF ]
CU III = 13
Analisis de estabilidad:
Verificacion al Volcamiento:
FSv =
Verifcacin al deslizamiento:
FSd =
Mr
1.50
Mv
N* f
1.50
E
Mr Mv
N
Excentrecidad:
e=
B
B
x
2
6
q=
N 6*e
* 1
qa
B*L
B
Donde: N =
Carga total de Verticales
Mr =
Momento resistente respecto a la punta de la base (Punto A)
Mv =
Momento de vuelco respecto a la punta de la base (Punto A)
B=
Ancho de la Zapata
L=
Largo de la Zapata
qa =
Tension admisible del suelo
f = 0.9*Tan()
(Factor de friccin entre el H y el Suelo)
Analisis de estabilidad:
C III = 10
. *[CM + (CVHS 20 + CV AC ) + E + 0.3W + WL + LF ]
Pp Est. = P. P. Estribo
o [Tn/m3] =
[] =
Peso
[Tn]
252.435
1.0
Pp S = P. P. Superestructura
1.0
91.708
2.45
224.685
CV HS20 = CV-HS20/44
1.0
29.568
2.45
72.442
CV AC = CV-Aceras
Total FV
E1 = Empuje de tierra - 1
1.0
11.536
385.247
86.091
2.45
28.263
1064.476
-215.572
Fuerzas
Verticales
5
5
E2 = Empuje de tierra - 2
Fuerzas
Total Empuje de Tierra
Horizontales
W = Viento long. en la supest.
WL = Viento long. en la carga viva
LF = Fuerza long. de frenado
Total FH
N = Total Carga de Verticales [Tn]
H = Total Carga de Horizontales [Tn]
Mr = Momentos Resistentes respecto de "A" [Tn-m]
Mv = Momentos de Vuelco respecto de "A" [Tn-m]
F. S. (Vuelco)
F. S. (Deslizamiento)
Excentricidad [m] < L/6
qmax. [kg/cm2]
qmin. [kg/cm2]
1.0
1.0
0.3
1.0
1.0
-77.768
8.323
2.275
0.918
1.115
4.308
385.247
12.631
1.8
30
Brazo "A"
[m]
Momento "A"
[Tn-m]
739.086
62.214
-153.358
-3.549
-7.913
-9.611
-21.073
5.20
8.62
8.62
6.1
15.85
0.19
1.89
>
>
<
<
1064.476
-174.431
1.5 ok
1.5 ok
0.8 ok
1.9 ok
1.19
<
1.9 ok
0.6
0.3333
1.8
2
*H
H 2 / 3 + Hs * H
H + 2 Hs
y=
0.792 [m]
ME =
1.92*0.792 =
Mu =
1.30*(1.30*1.521) =
1.521 [Tn-m]
2.57
Armadura principal:
Calculo del prealte:
h=
b=
rec =
d=
25.0
100
5.5
19.5
d = hr /2
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
f 'c
2.36 * Mu
1 1
2
118
. * fy
0.9 * f ' c * b * d
f 'c =
fy =
210
4200
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
Calculando tenemos
nec =
0.00183
Comprobando:
min =
( H + 2 Hs) K
[m]
[m]
[Tn/m3]
[m]
E = 0.5*1.8*2*(2 + 2*0.6)*0.3333 =
y=
0.0012
1.920 [Tn/m]
max =
0.01604
nec =
0.00183
0.0012 < 0.00183 < 0.01604
=
Cuantia Asumida:
OK
0.00183
Acero de Refuerzo:
As =
*b*d = 0.00183*100*19.5 =
3.57
As =
Separacin :
As =
10 [mm]
20
S = 100/5 =
0.79
N b =
4.52
3.57/0.79 =
Refuerzo:
[cm2]
[cm2]
Usando barras de :
No barras =
3.57
3.95
[cm2]
S = 20 [cm]
Usar 10 mm c/20 cm
S/g el codigo ACI-318 en muros, la cuantia minima de refuerzo vertical debe ser 0.0012
y la cuantia minima de refuerzo horizontal debe ser 0.0020 con relacion al area neta de
concreto en ambos casos.
Ash = 0.002 * b * h
min =
b=
h=
0.0020
100 [cm]
25.0 [cm]
Ash =
0.002*100*25 =
Usando barras de :
No barras =
Separacin :
5.00
10 [mm]
5/0.79 =
6.33
S = 100/7 =
[cm2]
As =
N b =
14.3
0.79
7 As neto =
5.53
S = 15 [cm]
Refuerzo:
Usar : 10 mm c/15 cm
(Armadura Horizontal)
Armadura adoptada en cada cara, perpendicular al refuerzo vertical.
[cm2]
H =
2.4
[Tn/m3]
o =
1.8
[Tn/m3]
base
[m]
0.25
Alto
[m]
2.0
Profund.
[m]
5
Seccion
Tipo
H2
H3
0.95
0.5
H4
0.25
H6
7
8
Seccion
Peso
[Tn]
6.000
Brazo "C"
[m]
0.405
M "C"
[Tn-m]
2.43
5.700
0.075
0.428
0.4
0.600
0.383
0.23
0.7
3.8
31.920
-0.05
-1.596
H7
0.1
3.4
2.040
0.333
0.679
H8
0.7
0.25
2
=
1.680
47.940
-0.05
-0.084
2.087
E1 =
E2 :
E2 =
H=
Hs =
L=
70.868
H=
Hs =
L=
77.768
6.3
0.6
5
[m]
[m]
[m]
[Tn]
2.4
0
5
[m]
[m]
[m]
[Tn]
y1 =
Ho =
Y1 =
2.268 [m]
0
[m]
2.268 [m]
ME1 =
160.729
y2 =
Ho =
Y2 =
0.8
0
0.8
ME2 =
62.214
-6.900
[Tn]
M=
98.515
[Tn-m]
[Tn-m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[Tn-m]
Desig.
PPEST.
PPS
CVHS20
CVAC
E
W*0.3
WL
LF
CU III = 130
. [0.75 * CM + (CVHS 20 + CV AC ) + 13
. * E + 0.3 * W + WL + LF ]
Tipo de carga
Cargas [Tn]
Brazo Momento "C"
Descripcin:
Fartor
Vertical
Horizontal
[Tn-m]
Ampli.
[Tn]
[Tn]
[m]
0.98
46.742
Peso propio estribo
2.035
Peso propio superestructura
0.98
89.415
-0.05
-4.471
Carga viva por HS-20
1.3
38.438
-0.05
-1.922
-0.05
-0.750
Carga viva en aceras
1.3
14.997
Empuje del suelo
1.69
-11.661
-166.490
Viento en la superestructura
0.39
0.887
4.5
-3.992
Viento en la carga viva
1.3
1.193
8.10
-9.663
1.3
Furza Long. de frenado
1.4495
8.1
-11.741
=
189.592
-8.132
-196.994
Los resultados obtenidos son propuestos para la profundidad total del estribo: L =
El resultado para un metro de ancho sera:
Mu =
Pu =
196.994/5 =
189.592/5 =
39.399
37.918
[Tn-m]
[Tn-m]
80.0 [cm]
7.0 [cm]
73.0 [cm]
100.0 [cm]
[cm2]
8000
Calculo de la cuantia :
nec =
0.0012
min =
0.01
max =
0.080
Comprobando:
0.01 < 0.0012 < 0.08
=
0.0100
(Asumido)
corregir
[m]
As =
80
0.01*8000 =
Usando barras de :
[cm2]
20 [mm]
As =
3.14
N b =
25.5
No barras =
80/3.14 =
Separacin :
S = 100/26 =
Refuerzo:
Usar 20 mm c/5 cm
3.85
26 A neta =
S=
81.64 [cm2]
5 [cm]
Verificacion al corte:
Cortante y carga axial ultima a la distancia d :
Qu =
Pu =
0.73
[Tn]
[Tn]
-1.626
37.918
8000
80.0
100.0
7.0
73.0
100.0
0.85
vu =
Vu
vc
bd
u =
[cm2]
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
-1626/(0.85*100*73) =
-0.262 [kg/cm2]
Pu
Vc = 0.53 * 1 + 0.0071
Ag
Vc =
f 'c
con:
f 'c =
210
[kg/cm2]
7.939 [kg/cm2]
-0.262
<
7.939
Ok
Este valor es mucho menor a la tension de corte del concreto, por lo tanto se dispondra
armadura de corte minimo para elemnetos de gran peralte s/g ACI-318.
Avh
0.0025 * b
16 [mm] , se tiene:
4.021 [cm2]
100.0 [cm]
4.021/(0.0020*100) =
Svh =
20 [cm]
Usar :
16 c/ 20
20.11 [cm]
(Adoptado)
H =
2.4
[Tn/m3]
o =
1.8
[Tn/m3]
base
[m]
5
Alto
[m]
0.7
Profund.
[m]
5
Seccion
Tipo
H1
Peso
[Tn]
42.000
Brazo "M"
[m]
0
Mom. "M"
[Tn-m]
0
H2
0.25
2.0
6.000
0.425
2.55
H3
0.95
0.5
5.700
0.08
0.428
H4
0.25
0.4
0.600
0.383
0.23
H6
0.7
3.8
31.920
-0.05
-1.596
H7
0.1
3.4
2.040
0.333
0.679
H8
0.7
0.25
1.680
-0.05
-0.084
S1
1.95
6.3
110.565
1.525
168.612
II
S2
0.25
0.4
0.45
0.467
0.21
III
S3
0.15
3.4
4.59
0.475
2.18
IV
S4
0.1
3.4
1.53
0.333
0.509
S5
2.1
2.4
1
=
45.36
252.435
-1.45
-65.772
107.946
Seccion
Tipo de carga
Descripcin:
Cargas [Tn]
Vertical
Horizontal
[Tn]
[Tn]
328.166
119.22
38.438
7.498
14.066
0.887
1.193
1.45
493.322
17.596
Fartor
Ampli.
PPEST.
PPS
CVHS20
CVAC
W*0.3
Viento en la superestructura
WL
LF
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.69
0.39
1.3
1.3
=
Los resultados obtenidos son propuestos para la profundidad total del estribo: L =
[m]
154.973/5 =
493.322/5 =
30.995 [Tn-m]
98.664 [Tn]
0.31
e =
M
u
Pu
[m]
qm a x =
P 6* P*e
+
A* B A* B2
q min =
P
6* P*e
A* B A* B2
Donde: A =
B=
1.0
5
qmax =
98.664/(1*5) + 6*98.664*0.31/(1*5^2) =
27.07 [Tn/m2] =
2.71
[kg/cm2]
qmin =
98.664/(1*5) - 6*98.664*0.31/(1*5^2) =
12.39 [Tn/m2] =
1.24
[kg/cm2]
Mu
Pu
SECC. A FLEXION
SECC. A CORTE
h5
h5
b1
b2
b4
b3
qmin
qmax
Verificacin al corte:
qm
23.05 [Tn/m2]
qm =
20.9
[Tn/m2]
25.06 [Tn]
100.0 [cm]
0.85
vu =
Vu
vc
bd
u =
25060/(0.85*100*73) =
4.039 [kg/cm2]
Vc = 0.53 *
Vc =
f 'c
7.68
4.039
con: f 'c =
210
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
<
7.68
Ok
Armadura principal:
Calculo del prealte:
h=
b=
rec =
d=
70.0
100
6.0
64.0
d = hr /2
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
[cm]
f 'c
2.36 * Mu
1 1
2
118
. * fy
0.9 * f ' c * b * d
f 'c =
fy =
210
4200
[kg/cm2]
[kg/cm2]
Calculando tenemos
nec =
0.00272
Comprobando:
min =
0.00333
max =
0.01604
nec =
0.00272
0.00333 < 0.00272 < 0.01604
Cuantia Asumida:
corregir
0.00333
40.8
[Tn-m]
Acero de Refuerzo:
As =
As =
*b*d = 0.00333*100*64 =
21.31 [cm2]
21.31 [cm2]
Usando barras de :
20 [mm]
No barras =
21.31/3.14 =
6.79
Separacin :
S = 100/7 =
14.29
Refuerzo:
Usar 20 mm c/14 cm
As =
3.14
N b =
S = 14 [cm]
(Para 1 m de ancho)
.0018
*b * h
hAt
= = 070
[cm]
100 [cm]
b=
At =
0.0018*100*70 =
12.60 [cm2]
At = 12.60 [cm2]
Usando barras de :
16 [mm]
As =
2.01
No barras =
12.6/2.01 =
6.27
N b =
Separacin :
S = 100/7 =
14.29
S = 20 [cm] (Asumido)
Refuerzo:
Usar 16 mm c/20 cm