REMEDIAL LAW REVIEWER

Part V of IX
PROVISIONAL REMEDIES

I. Civil Procedure
A. Provisional Reedies !Rule "#$%&'
&. Preliinar( Attac)ent
Preliminary Attachment a provisional remedy, incidental
and ancillary to a principal action or proceeding, by which
the property of an adverse party is taken into legal custody
as a security for the satisfaction of any judgment that may
be recovered by the plaintiff or any proper party, the
granting of which lies within the sound discretion of the
judge taking cognizance of the principal case upon whose
existence it depends.
Purpose of attachment to secure a contingent lien on
defendants property until plaintiff can obtain a judgment
and have such property applied to its satisfaction or to
make provision for unsecured debts in cases where the
means of satisfaction thereof are liable to be removed
beyond the jurisdiction or improperly disposed of or
concealed or placed beyond the reach of creditors.
!inds of attachment
." Preliminary attachment given at the beginning or
during the pendency of the action, or before judgment
becomes final
.# $inal attachment given upon termination of the case
to enforce or satisfy a final and executory judgment
Attachment generally refers to corporeal property in the
possession of a party. %arnishment is a form of attachment
which refers to money, stocks, credits or other ncorporeal
property which belongs to the party but is in the possession
or under the control of &
rd
persons.
Attachment property is attached at any time before entry
of judgment. 'xecution property is levied after entry of
judgment.
a. Rule "#
Sec. &. Grounds upon which attachment may issue. -
At t)e coenceent of t)e action or at an( tie
*efore entr( of +ud,ent- a .laintiff or an( .ro.er
.art( a( )ave t)e .ro.ert( of t)e adverse .art(
attac)ed as securit( for t)e satisfaction of an(
+ud,ent t)at a( *e recovered in t)e follo/in, cases0
!a' In an action for t)e recover( of a s.ecified
aount of one( or daa,es- ot)er t)an oral and
e1e.lar(- on a cause of action arisin, fro la/-
contract- 2uasi$contract- delict or 2uasi$delict a,ainst a
.art( /)o is a*out to de.art fro t)e P)ili..ines /it)
intent to defraud )is creditors3
!*' In an action for one( or .ro.ert( e*e44led
or fraudulentl( isa..lied or converted to )is o/n use
*( a .u*lic officer- or an officer or a cor.oration- or an
attorne(- factor- *ro5er- a,ent- or cler5- in t)e course of
)is e.lo(ent as suc)- or *( an( ot)er .erson in a
fiduciar( ca.acit(- or for a /illful violation of dut(3
!c' In an action to recover t)e .ossession of
.ro.ert( un+ustl( or fraudulentl( ta5en- detained or
converted- /)en t)e .ro.ert(- or an( .art t)ereof- )as
*een concealed- reoved- or dis.osed of to .revent its
*ein, found or ta5en *( t)e a..licant or an aut)ori4ed
.erson3
!d' In an action a,ainst a .art( /)o )as *een
,uilt( of a fraud in contractin, t)e de*t or incurrin,
t)e o*li,ation u.on /)ic) t)e action is *rou,)t- or in
t)e .erforance t)ereof3
!e' In an action a,ainst a .art( /)o )as reoved
or dis.osed of )is .ro.ert(- or is a*out to do so- /it)
intent to defraud )is creditors3 or
!f' In an action a,ainst a .art( /)o does not
reside and is not found in t)e P)ili..ines- or on /)o
suons a( *e served *( .u*lication. !&a'
cf (ule "), *ec. ")
*ec. "). Service upon defendant whose
identity or whereabouts are unknown. +
,n any action where the defendant is
designated as an unknown owner, or the
like, or whenever his whereabouts are
unknown and cannot be ascertained by
diligent in-uiry, service may, by leave of
court, be effected upon him by
publication in a newspaper of general
circulation and in such places and for
such time as the court may order. ."/a0
*ervice of summons by publication may be had only if
property of the defendant has been attached under ground
.f0 of *ec. ", (ule 12.
,nstances upon which attachment may issue .3emorize40
." ,n an action for the recovery of a specified amount of
money or damages, other than moral and exemplary,
on a cause of action arising from law, contract, -uasi5
contract, delict or -uasi5delict against a party who is
about to depart from the Philippines with intent to
defraud his creditors6
.# ,n an action for money or property embezzled or
fraudulently misapplied or converted to his own use
by a public officer, or an officer or a corporation, or an
attorney, factor, broker, agent, or clerk, in the course
of his employment as such, or by any other person in a
fiduciary capacity, or for a willful violation of duty6
.& ,n an action to recover the possession of property
unjustly or fraudulently taken, detained or converted,
when the property, or any part thereof, has been
concealed, removed, or disposed of to prevent its
being found or taken by the applicant or an authorized
person6
.) ,n an action against a party who has been guilty of a
fraud in contracting the debt or incurring the
obligation upon which the action is brought, or in the
performance thereof6
.1 ,n an action against a party who has removed or
disposed of his property, or is about to do so, with
intent to defraud his creditors6 or
./ ,n an action against a party who does not reside and is
not found in the Philippines, or on whom summons
may be served by publication.
Uy v. CA, #"1 *7(A 819 ."99#0 A motion for a writ of
attachment may be filed at the commencement of an action
or at anytime thereafter, even by the court a -uo after
appeal had been perfected.
Adlawan v. Torres, #&& *7(A /)1 ."99)0 3ere execution
of a mortgage in favor another creditor is not a means of
fraudulently disposing of one:s property. ;ence, it can not
be a ground for the issuance of a writ of attactment.
Carpio v. Macadaeg, 9 *7(A 11# ."9/&0 3ere removal or
disposal does not justify an attachment. <here must been a
showing of intent to defraud defendant:s creditors before
the writ of attachment was issued. =esides, the applicant
did not execute an affidavit as re-uired by the rules.
Sec. 6. Issuance and contents of order. - An order of
attac)ent a( *e issued eit)er ex parte or u.on
otion /it) notice and )earin, *( t)e court in /)ic)
t)e action is .endin,- or *( t)e Court of A..eals or t)e
Su.ree Court- and ust re2uire t)e s)eriff of t)e
court to attac) so uc) of t)e .ro.ert( in t)e
P)ili..ines of t)e .art( a,ainst /)o it is issued- not
e1e.t fro e1ecution- as a( *e sufficient to satisf(
t)e a..licant7s deand- unless suc) .art( a5es
de.osit or ,ives a *ond as )ereinafter .rovided in an
aount e2ual to t)at fi1ed in t)e order- /)ic) a( *e
t)e aount sufficient to satisf( t)e a..licant7s deand
or t)e value of t)e .ro.ert( to *e attac)ed as stated *(
t)e a..licant- e1clusive of costs. Several /rits a( *e
issued at t)e sae tie to t)e s)eriffs of t)e courts of
different +udicial re,ions. !6a'
Sec. 8. Affidavit and bond required. - An order of
attac)ent s)all *e ,ranted onl( /)en it a..ears *(
t)e affidavit of t)e a..licant- or of soe ot)er .erson
/)o .ersonall( 5no/s t)e facts- t)at a sufficient cause
of action e1ists- t)at t)e case is one of t)ose entioned
in section & )ereof- t)at t)ere is no ot)er sufficient
securit( for t)e clai sou,)t to *e enforced *( t)e
action- and t)at t)e aount due to t)e a..licant- or t)e
value of t)e .ro.ert( t)e .ossession of /)ic) )e is
entitled to recover- is as uc) as t)e su for /)ic) t)e
order is ,ranted a*ove all le,al counterclais. 9)e
affidavit- and t)e *ond re2uired *( t)e ne1t succeedin,
section- ust *e dul( filed /it) t)e court *efore t)e
order issues. !8a'
Sec. :. Condition of applicant's bond. - 9)e .art(
a..l(in, for t)e order ust t)ereafter ,ive a *ond
e1ecuted to t)e adverse .art( in t)e aount fi1ed *(
t)e court in its order ,rantin, t)e issuance of t)e /rit-
conditioned t)at t)e latter /ill .a( all t)e costs /)ic)
a( *e ad+ud,ed to t)e adverse .art( and all daa,es
/)ic) )e a( sustain *( reason of t)e attac)ent- if
t)e court s)all finall( ad+ud,e t)at t)e a..licant /as
not entitled t)ereto. !:a'
(e-uisites for issuance of the writ of attachment
." grounds in *ec. "
.# affidavit of the applicant or some other person who
personally knows the facts stating
.a a sufficient cause of action exists
.b the case is one of those mentioned in section "
.c there is no other sufficient security for the claim
sought to be enforced by the action
.d the amount due to the applicant, or the value of
the property the possession of which he is entitled
to recover, is as much as the sum for which the
order is granted above all legal counterclaims
.& applicants bond
Nasser v. CA, "9" *7(A 28& ."99>0 A verified complaint
stating the facts re-uired to be stated in the affidavit is
sufficient. A separate affidavit need not be executed.
Sec. ". Manner of attachin property. - 9)e s)eriff
enforcin, t)e /rit s)all /it)out dela( and /it) all
reasona*le dili,ence attac)- to a/ait +ud,ent and
e1ecution in t)e action- onl( so uc) of t)e .ro.ert( in
t)e P)ili..ines of t)e .art( a,ainst /)o t)e /rit is
issued- not e1e.t fro e1ecution- as a( *e sufficient
to satisf( t)e a..licant7s deand- unless t)e forer
a5es a de.osit /it) t)e court fro /)ic) t)e /rit is
issued- or ,ives a counter$*ond e1ecuted to t)e
a..licant- in an aount e2ual to t)e *ond fi1ed *( t)e
court in t)e order of attac)ent or to t)e value of t)e
.ro.ert( to *e attac)ed- e1clusive of costs. No lev( on
attac)ent .ursuant to t)e /rit issued under section 6
)ereof s)all *e enforced unless it is .receded- or
conte.oraneousl( acco.anied- *( service of
suons- to,et)er /it) a co.( of t)e co.laint- t)e
a..lication for attac)ent- t)e a..licant7s affidavit
and *ond- and t)e order and /rit of attac)ent- on t)e
defendant /it)in t)e P)ili..ines.
9)e re2uireent of .rior or conte.oraneous
service of suons s)all not a..l( /)ere t)e suons
could not *e served .ersonall( or *( su*stituted service
des.ite dili,ent efforts- or t)e defendant is a resident of
t)e P)ili..ines te.oraril( a*sent t)erefro- or t)e
defendant is a non$resident of t)e P)ili..ines- or t)e
action is one in rem or quasi in rem !"a#
?hen prior or contemporaneous service of summons not
re-uired for the enforcement of a writ of attachment
." summons could not be served personally or by
substituted service despite diligent efforts
.# the defendant is a resident of the Philippines
temporarily absent
.& defendant is a non5resident of the Philippines
.4 the action is one in rem or uasi in rem
Seivert v. CA, "/8 *7(A /9# ."9880 @abandoned by
!avao "ight caseA *ummons and a copy of the complaint
must be validly served before attachment may be issued.
!avao "ight and #ower v. CA, #>) *7(A &)& ."99"0
Attachment may issue even before summons is served.
;owever, it can not bind the adverse party unless
jurisdiction over his person is eventually ac-uired. Bevy on
the property pursuant to the writ of attachment may not be
effected, unless preceded or contemporaneously
accompanied by service on the adverse party service of
summons and a copy of the complaint.
$%ate v. Abrogar, #&> *7(A "8" ."99)0 @overturned in #
nd
$%ate caseA %(C Attachment may not be enforced unless
preceded or contemporaneously accompanied by service of
summons. 'xceptionC ?here a previous attempt to serve
summons and writ of attachment failed due to factors
beyond the control of either the plaintiff or the process
server, provided service is effected within reasonable time
thereafter.
$%ate v. Abrogar, #)" *7(A /19 ."9910 ?hile the
attachment may be granted and the writ issued even before
the defendant is summoned, it may not be implemented
until jurisdiction over the defendant is obtained .i.e.
summons is served, or applicant voluntarily appears0.
Sec. %. $heriff's return. - After enforcin, t)e /rit-
t)e s)eriff ust li5e/ise /it)out dela( a5e a return
t)ereon to t)e court fro /)ic) t)e /rit issued- /it) a
full stateent of )is .roceedin,s under t)e /rit and a
co.lete inventor( of t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed- to,et)er
/it) an( counter$*ond ,iven *( t)e .art( a,ainst
/)o attac)ent is issued- and serve co.ies t)ereof on
t)e a..licant. !%a'
Sec. #. Attachment of real and personal property%
recordin thereof. - Real and .ersonal .ro.ert( s)all *e
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 2 -
attac)ed *( t)e s)eriff e1ecutin, t)e /rit in t)e
follo/in, anner0
!a' Real .ro.ert(- or ,ro/in, cro.s t)ereon- or
an( interest t)erein- standin, u.on t)e record of t)e
re,istr( of deeds of t)e .rovince in t)e nae of t)e
.art( a,ainst /)o attac)ent is issued- or not
a..earin, at all u.on suc) records- or *elon,in, to t)e
.art( a,ainst /)o attac)ent is issued and )eld *(
an( ot)er .erson- or standin, on t)e records of t)e
re,istr( of deeds in t)e nae of an( ot)er .erson- *(
filin, /it) t)e re,istr( of deeds a co.( of t)e order-
to,et)er /it) a descri.tion of t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed-
and a notice t)at it is attac)ed- or t)at suc) real
.ro.ert( and an( interest t)erein )eld *( or standin, in
t)e nae of suc) ot)er .erson are attac)ed- and *(
leavin, a co.( of suc) order- descri.tion- and notice
/it) t)e occu.ant of t)e .ro.ert(- if an(- or /it) suc)
ot)er .erson or )is a,ent if found /it)in t)e .rovince.
W)ere t)e .ro.ert( )as *een *rou,)t under t)e
o.eration of eit)er t)e Land Re,istration Act or t)e
Pro.ert( Re,istration Decree- t)e notice s)all contain a
reference to t)e nu*er of t)e certificate of title- t)e
volue and .a,e in t)e re,istration *oo5 /)ere t)e
certificate is re,istered- and t)e re,istered o/ner or
o/ners t)ereof.
9)e re,istrar of deeds ust inde1 attac)ents filed
under t)is section in t)e naes of t)e a..licant- t)e
adverse .art(- or t)e .erson *( /)o t)e .ro.ert( is
)eld or in /)ose nae it stands in t)e records. If t)e
attac)ent is not claied on t)e entire area of t)e land
covered *( t)e certificate of title- a descri.tion
sufficientl( accurate for t)e identification of t)e land or
interest to *e affected s)all *e included in t)e
re,istration of suc) attac)ent3
!*' Personal .ro.ert( ca.a*le of anual deliver(-
*( ta5in, and safel( 5ee.in, it in )is custod(- after
issuin, t)e corres.ondin, recei.t t)erefor3
!c' Stoc5s or s)ares- or an interest in stoc5s or
s)ares- of an( cor.oration or co.an(- *( leavin, /it)
t)e .resident or ana,in, a,ent t)ereof- a co.( of t)e
/rit- and a notice statin, t)at t)e stoc5 or interest of
t)e .art( a,ainst /)o t)e attac)ent is issued is
attac)ed in .ursuance of suc) /rit3
!d' De*ts and credits- includin, *an5 de.osits-
financial interest- ro(alties- coissions and ot)er
.ersonal .ro.ert( not ca.a*le of anual deliver(- *(
leavin, /it) t)e .erson o/in, suc) de*ts- or )avin, in
)is .ossession or under )is control- suc) credits or
ot)er .ersonal .ro.ert(- or /it) )is a,ent- a co.( of t)e
/rit- and notice t)at t)e de*ts o/in, *( )i to t)e
.art( a,ainst /)o attac)ent is issued- and t)e
credits and ot)er .ersonal .ro.ert( in )is .ossession-
or under )is control- *elon,in, to said .art(- are
attac)ed in .ursuance of suc) /rit3
!e' 9)e interest of t)e .art( a,ainst /)o
attac)ent is issued in .ro.ert( *elon,in, to t)e estate
of t)e decedent- /)et)er as )eir- le,atee- or devisee- *(
servin, t)e e1ecutor or adinistrator or ot)er .ersonal
re.resentative of t)e decedent /it) a co.( of t)e /rit
and notice t)at said interest is attac)ed. A co.( of said
/rit of attac)ent and of said notice s)all also *e filed
in t)e office of t)e cler5 of t)e court in /)ic) said
estate is *ein, settled and served u.on t)e )eir- le,atee
or devisee concerned.
If t)e .ro.ert( sou,)t to *e attac)ed is in custodia
leis& a co.( of t)e /rit of attac)ent s)all *e filed
/it) t)e .ro.er court or 2uasi$+udicial a,enc(- and
notice of t)e attac)ent served u.on t)e custodian of
suc) .ro.ert(. !#a'
;ow writ is enforced
." real property
.a file with the (oD a copy of the writ and notice of
attachment with description of the property
.b leave a copy of the writ and notice with the
occupant of the property
.# personal property
.a take and keep the property in custody
.b issue a receipt
.& stocks or shares leave with the president or
managing agent a copy of the writ and notice of
attachment
.) debts, credits, and personal property not capable of
manual delivery leave with the person owning such
debts or in possession of control of such property a
copy of the writ and notice of attachment
.1 interest in estate proceedings a copy of the writ and
notice of attachment must be
.a served on the decedent:s representative
.b filed with the clerk of the probate court
.c served upon the adverse party
./ in custodia legis file a copy of the writ of attactment
with the tribunal, and serve notice of the attachment to
the custodian of the property
Sec. ;. 'ffect of attachment of debts& credits and all
other similar personal property. - All .ersons )avin, in
t)eir .ossession or under t)eir control an( credits or
ot)er siilar .ersonal .ro.ert( *elon,in, to t)e .art(
a,ainst /)o attac)ent is issued- or o/in, an( de*ts
to )i- at t)e tie of service u.on t)e of t)e co.( of
t)e /rit of attac)ent and notice as .rovided in t)e
last .recedin, section- s)all *e lia*le to t)e a..licant
for t)e aount of suc) credits- de*ts or ot)er siilar
.ersonal .ro.ert(- until t)e attac)ent is disc)ar,ed-
or an( +ud,ent recovered *( )i is satisfied- unless
suc) .ro.ert( is delivered or transferred- or suc) de*ts
are .aid- to t)e cler5- s)eriff- or ot)er .ro.er officer of
t)e court issuin, t)e attac)ent. !;a'
Sec. < 'ffect of attachment of interest in property
belonin to the estate of a decedent. - 9)e attac)ent
of t)e interest of an )eir- le,atee- or devisee in t)e
.ro.ert( *elon,in, to t)e estate of a decedent s)all not
i.air t)e .o/ers of t)e e1ecutor- adinistrator- or
ot)er .ersonal re.resentative of t)e decedent over suc)
.ro.ert( for t)e .ur.ose of adinistration. Suc)
.ersonal re.resentative- )o/ever- s)all re.ort t)e
attac)ent to t)e court /)en an( .etition for
distri*ution is filed- and in t)e order ade u.on suc)
.etition- distri*ution a( *e a/arded to suc) )eir-
le,atee- or devisee- *ut t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed s)all *e
ordered delivered to t)e s)eriff a5in, t)e lev(-
su*+ect to t)e clai of suc) )eir- le,atee- or devisee- or
an( .erson claiin, under )i. !<a'
<his section in effect make the sheriff who levied estate
property on attachment a temporary distributee.
Sec. &=. 'xamination of party whose property is
attached and persons indebted to him or controllin his
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 3 -
property% delivery of property to sheriff. - An( .erson
o/in, de*ts to t)e .art( /)ose .ro.ert( is attac)ed or
)avin, in )is .ossession or under )is control an( credit
or ot)er .ersonal .ro.ert( *elon,in, to suc) .art(-
a( *e re2uired to attend *efore t)e court in /)ic) t)e
action is .endin,- or *efore a coissioner a..ointed
*( t)e court- and *e e1ained on oat) res.ectin, t)e
sae. 9)e .art( /)ose .ro.ert( is attac)ed a( also
*e re2uired to attend for t)e .ur.ose of ,ivin,
inforation res.ectin, )is .ro.ert(- and a( *e
e1ained on oat). 9)e court a(- after suc)
e1aination- order .ersonal .ro.ert( ca.a*le of
anual deliver( *elon,in, to )i- in t)e .ossession of
t)e .erson so re2uired to attend *efore t)e court- to *e
delivered to t)e cler5 of t)e court or s)eriff on suc)
ters as a( *e +ust- )avin, reference to an( lien
t)ereon or clai a,ainst t)e sae- to a/ait t)e
+ud,ent in t)e action. !&=a'
Enlike examination of &
rd
parties in estate and
guardianship proceedings, the courty may order delivery of
the adverse party:s property being held by such &
rd
person.
Sec. &&. (hen attached property may be sold after
levy on attachment and before entry of )udment. -
W)enever it s)all *e ade to a..ear to t)e court in
/)ic) t)e action is .endin,- u.on )earin, /it) notice
to *ot) .arties- t)at t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed is
.eris)a*le- or t)at t)e interest of all t)e .arties to t)e
action /ill *e su*served *( t)e sale t)ereof- t)e court
a( order suc) .ro.ert( to *e sold at .u*lic auction in
suc) anner as it a( direct- and t)e .roceeds of suc)
sale to *e de.osited in court to a*ide t)e +ud,ent in
t)e action. !&&a'
Sec. &6. *ischare of attachment upon ivin
counter-bond. - After a /rit of attac)ent )as *een
enforced- t)e .art( /)ose .ro.ert( )as *een attac)ed-
or t)e .erson a..earin, on )is *e)alf- a( ove for
t)e disc)ar,e of t)e attac)ent /)oll( or in .art on t)e
securit( ,iven. 9)e court s)all- after due notice and
)earin,- order t)e disc)ar,e of t)e attac)ent if t)e
ovant a5es a cas) de.osit- or files a counter$*ond
e1ecuted to t)e attac)in, .art( /it) t)e cler5 of t)e
court /)ere t)e a..lication is ade- in an aount
e2ual to t)at fi1ed *( t)e court in t)e order of
attac)ent- e1clusive of costs. *ut if t)e attac)ent is
sou,)t to *e disc)ar,ed /it) res.ect to a .articular
.ro.ert(- t)e counter$*ond s)all *e e2ual to t)e value
of t)at .ro.ert( as deterined *( t)e court. In eit)er
case- t)e cas) de.osit or t)e counter$*ond s)all secure
t)e .a(ent of an( +ud,ent t)at t)e attac)in, .art(
a( recover in t)e action. A notice of t)e de.osit s)all
fort)/it) *e served on t)e attac)in, .art(. >.on t)e
disc)ar,e of an attac)ent in accordance /it) t)e
.rovisions of t)is section- t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed- or t)e
.roceeds of an( sale t)ereof- s)all *e delivered to t)e
.art( a5in, t)e de.osit or ,ivin, t)e counter$*ond- or
to t)e .erson a..earin, on )is *e)alf- t)e de.osit or
counter$*ond aforesaid standin, in .lace of t)e
.ro.ert( so released. S)ould suc) counter$*ond for an(
reason *e found to *e or *ecoe insufficient- and t)e
.art( furnis)in, t)e sae fail to file an additional
counter$*ond- t)e attac)in, .art( a( a..l( for a ne/
order of attac)ent. !&6a'
Sec. &8. *ischare of attachment on other rounds. -
9)e .art( /)ose .ro.ert( )as *een ordered attac)ed
a( file a otion /it) t)e cler5 in /)ic) t)e action is
.endin,- *efore or after lev( or even after t)e release of
t)e attac)ed .ro.ert(- for an order to set aside or
disc)ar,e t)e attac)ent on t)e ,round t)at t)e sae
/as i.ro.erl( or irre,ularl( issued or enforced- or
t)at t)e *ond is insufficient. If t)e attac)ent is
e1cessive- t)e disc)ar,e s)all *e liited to t)e e1cess. If
t)e otion *e ade on affidavits on t)e .art of t)e
ovant *ut not ot)er/ise- t)e attac)in, .art( a(
o..ose t)e otion *( counter$affidavits or ot)er
evidence in addition to t)at on /)ic) t)e attac)ent
/as ade. After due notice and )earin,- t)e court s)all
order t)e settin, aside or t)e corres.ondin, disc)ar,e
of t)e attac)ent if it a..ears t)at it /as i.ro.erl(
or irre,ularl( issued or enforced- or t)at t)e *ond is
insufficient- or t)at t)e attac)ent is e1cessive- and t)e
defect is not cured fort)/it). !&8a'
%rounds for discharge of an attachment
." counterbond posted
.# improperly issued
.& irregularly issued or enforced
.) insufficient applicant:s bond
F,mproperlyG .e.g. writ of attachment was not based on the
grounds in *ec. "0
F,rregularlyG .e.g. writ of attachment was executed without
previous or contemporaneous service of summons0.
Sec. &:. +roceedins where property claimed by third
person. - If t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed is claied *( an(
.erson ot)er t)an t)e .art( a,ainst /)o attac)ent
)ad *een issued or )is a,ent- and suc) .erson a5es an
affidavit of )is title t)ereto- or ri,)t to t)e .ossession
t)ereof- statin, t)e ,rounds of suc) ri,)t or title- and
serves suc) affidavit u.on t)e s)eriff /)ile t)e latter
)as .ossession of t)e attac)ed .ro.ert(- and a co.(
t)ereof u.on t)e attac)in, .art(- t)e s)eriff s)all not
*e *ound to 5ee. t)e .ro.ert( under attac)ent unless
t)e attac)in, .art( or )is a,ent- on deand of t)e
s)eriff- s)all file a *ond a..roved *( t)e court to
indenif( t)e t)ird$.art( claiant in t)e su not less
t)an t)e value of t)e .ro.ert( levied u.on. In case of
disa,reeent as to suc) value- t)e sae s)all *e
decided *( t)e court issuin, t)e /rit of attac)ent. No
clai for daa,es for t)e ta5in, or 5ee.in, of t)e
.ro.ert( a( *e enforced a,ainst t)e *ond unless t)e
action t)erefor is filed /it)in one )undred t/ent( !&6='
da(s fro t)e date of t)e filin, of t)e *ond.
9)e s)eriff s)all not *e lia*le for daa,es for t)e
ta5in, or 5ee.in, of suc) .ro.ert(- to an( suc) t)ird$
.art( claiant- if suc) *ond s)all *e filed. Not)in,
)erein contained s)all .revent suc) claiant or an(
t)ird .erson fro vindicatin, )is clai to t)e .ro.ert(-
or .revent t)e attac)in, .art( fro claiin, daa,es
a,ainst a t)ird$.art( claiant /)o filed a frivolous or
.lainl( s.urious clai- in t)e sae or a se.arate action.
W)en t)e /rit of attac)ent is issued in favor of
t)e Re.u*lic of t)e P)ili..ines- or an( officer dul(
re.resentin, it- t)e filin, of suc) *ond s)all not *e
re2uired- and in case t)e s)eriff is sued for daa,es as
a result of t)e attac)ent- )e s)all *e re.resented *(
t)e Solicitor ?eneral- and if )eld lia*le t)erefor- t)e
actual daa,es ad+ud,ed *( t)e court s)all *e .aid *(
t)e National 9reasurer out of t)e funds to *e
a..ro.riated for t)e .ur.ose. !&:a'
cf (ule &9, *ec. "/ where property levied on execution is
claimed by third person
*ec. "/. #roceedings where property
claimed by third person. + ,f the
property levied on is claimed by any
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 4 -
person other than the judgment obligor
or his agent, and such person makes an
affidavit of his title thereto or right to the
possession thereof, stating the grounds of
such right or title, and serves the same
upon the officer making the levy and a
copy thereof upon the judgment obligee,
the officer shall not be bound to keep the
property, unless such judgment obligee,
on demand of the officer, files a bond
approved by the court to indemnify the
third5party claimant in a sum not less
than the value of the property levied on.
,n case of disagreement as to such value,
the same shall be determined by the
court issuing the writ of execution. Ho
claim for damages for the taking or
keeping of the property may be enforced
against the bond unless the action
therefor is filed within one hundred
twenty ."#>0 days from the date of the
filing of the bond.
<he officer shall not be liable for
damages for the taking or keeping of the
property, to any third5party claimant if
such bond is filed. Hothing herein
contained shall prevent such claimant or
any third person from vindicating his
claim to the property in a separate action,
or prevent the judgment obligee from
claiming damages in the same or a
separate action against a third5party
claimant who filed a frivolous or plainly
spurious claim.
xxx
,n attachment, &
rd
party claimants may settle their claims in
the same or a separate action. ,n levy on execution, &
rd
party claimants must claim in a separate action. ,n both
attachment and levy on execution, the judgment obligee
can claim damages against the &
rd
party claimants in the
same or in a separate action.
$or a &
rd
party claimant to claim on the additional bond .in
both attachment and execution0, his separate action should
be filed within "#> days from the date of the filing of the
bond.
Sec. &". $atisfaction of )udment out of property
attached% return of sheriff. - If +ud,ent *e recovered
*( t)e attac)in, .art( and e1ecution issue t)ereon- t)e
s)eriff a( cause t)e +ud,ent to *e satisfied out of
t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed- if it *e sufficient for t)at
.ur.ose in t)e follo/in, anner0
!a' @( .a(in, to t)e +ud,ent o*li,ee t)e
.roceeds of all sales of .eris)a*le or ot)er .ro.ert(
sold in .ursuance of t)e order of t)e court- or so uc)
as s)all *e necessar( to satisf( t)e +ud,ent3
!*' If an( *alance reains due- *( sellin, so uc)
of t)e .ro.ert(- real or .ersonal- as a( *e necessar(
to satisf( t)e *alance- if enou,) for t)at .ur.ose
reain in t)e s)eriff7s )ands- or in t)ose of t)e cler5 of
t)e court3
!c' *( collectin, fro all .ersons )avin, in t)eir
.ossession credits *elon,in, to t)e +ud,ent o*li,or- or
o/in, de*ts to t)e latter at t)e tie of t)e attac)ent
of suc) credits or de*ts- t)e aounts of suc) credits
and de*ts as deterined *( t)e court in t)e action- and
stated in t)e +ud,ent- and .a(in, t)e .roceeds of suc)
collection over to t)e +ud,ent o*li,ee.
9)e s)eriff s)all fort)/it) a5e a return in
/ritin, to t)e court of )is .roceedin,s under t)is
section and furnis) t)e .arties /it) co.ies t)ereof.
!&"a'
Sec. &%. ,alance due collected upon an execution%
excess delivered to )udment oblior. - If after reali4in,
u.on all t)e .ro.ert( attac)ed- includin, t)e .roceeds
of an( de*ts or credits collected- and a..l(in, t)e
.roceeds to t)e satisfaction of t)e +ud,ent- less t)e
e1.enses of .roceedin,s u.on t)e +ud,ent- an(
*alance s)all reain due- t)e s)eriff ust .roceed to
collect suc) *alance as u.on ordinar( e1ecution.
W)enever t)e +ud,ent s)all )ave *een .aid- t)e
s)eriff- u.on reasona*le deand- ust return to t)e
+ud,ent o*li,or t)e attac)ed .ro.ert( reainin, in
)is )ands- and an( .roceeds of t)e sale of t)e .ro.ert(
attac)ed not a..lied to t)e +ud,ent. !&%a'
Irder of satisfaction of judgment of attached property
." perishable or other property sold in pursuance of the
order of the court
.# property, real or personal, as may be necessary to
satisfy the balance
.& collecting from debtors of the judgment obligor
.) ordinary execution
Sec. &#. -ecovery upon the counter-bond. - W)en
t)e +ud,ent )as *ecoe e1ecutor(- t)e suret( or
sureties on an( counter$*ond ,iven .ursuant to t)e
.rovisions of t)is rule to secure t)e .a(ent of t)e
+ud,ent s)all *ecoe c)ar,ed on suc) counter$*ond
and *ound to .a( t)e +ud,ent o*li,ee u.on deand
t)e aount due under t)e +ud,ent- /)ic) aount
a( *e recovered fro suc) suret( or sureties after
notice and suar( )earin, in t)e sae action. !&#a'
Sec. 6=. Claim for damaes on account of improper&
irreular or excessive attachment. - An a..lication for
daa,es on account of i.ro.er- irre,ular or e1cessive
attac)ent ust *e filed *efore t)e trial or *efore
a..eal is .erfected or *efore t)e +ud,ent *ecoes
e1ecutor(- /it) due notice to t)e attac)in, .art( and
)is suret( or sureties- settin, fort) t)e facts s)o/in, )is
ri,)t to daa,es and aount t)ereof. Suc) daa,es
a( *e a/arded onl( after .ro.er )earin, and s)all *e
included in t)e +ud,ent on t)e ain case.
If t)e +ud,ent of t)e a..ellate court *e favora*le
to t)e .art( a,ainst /)o t)e attac)ent /as issued-
)e ust clai daa,es sustained durin, t)e .endenc(
of t)e a..eal *( filin, an a..lication in t)e a..ellate
court- /it) notice to t)e .art( in /)ose favor t)e
attac)ent /as issued or )is suret( or sureties- *efore
t)e +ud,ent of t)e a..ellate court *ecoes e1ecutor(.
9)e a..ellate court a( allo/ t)e a..lication to *e
)eard and decided *( t)e trial court.
Not)in, )erein contained s)all .revent t)e .art(
a,ainst /)o t)e attac)ent /as issued fro
recoverin, in t)e sae action t)e daa,es a/arded to
)i fro an( .ro.ert( of t)e attac)in, .art( not
e1e.t fro e1ecution s)ould t)e *ond or de.osit
,iven *( t)e latter *e insufficient or fail to full( satisf(
t)e a/ard. !6=a'
<o claim on the counter5bond, the applicant may file his
claim after the finality of the judgment. <o claim on the
applicant:s bond, adverse party must file his claim for
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 5 -
damages before finality. Hote that in both cases, the
respective sureties should be notified.
Sec. &;. *isposition of money deposited. - W)ere t)e
.art( a,ainst /)o attac)ent )ad *een issued )as
de.osited one( instead of ,ivin, counter$*ond- it s)all
*e a..lied under t)e direction of t)e court to t)e
satisfaction of an( +ud,ent rendered in favor of t)e
attac)in, .art(- and after satisf(in, t)e +ud,ent t)e
*alance s)all *e refunded to t)e de.ositor or )is
assi,nee. If t)e +ud,ent is in favor of t)e .art( a,ainst
/)o attac)ent /as issued- t)e /)ole su de.osited
ust *e refunded to )i or )is assi,nee. !&;a'
Sec. &<. *isposition of attached property where
)udment is for party aainst whom attachment was
issued. - If +ud,ent *e rendered a,ainst t)e attac)in,
.art(- all t)e .roceeds of sales and one( collected or
received *( t)e s)eriff- under t)e order of attac)ent-
and all .ro.ert( attac)ed reainin, in an( suc)
officer7s )ands- s)all *e delivered to t)e .art( a,ainst
/)o attac)ent /as issued- and t)e order of
attac)ent disc)ar,ed. !&<a'
Sec. 6=. Claim for damaes on account of improper&
irreular or excessive attachment. A 111 .moved to after
*ec. "20
*. Cases
Calderon v. &AC, "11 *7(A 1&" ."9820 <he attachment
bond is liable for damages that may be recovered where
the attacment was maliciously obtained. A counterbond
does not dissolve an attachment bond, nor is it a waiver of
the defects in the issuance of the writ. <he applicant:s bond
may be held liable even after the attacment has been
discharged by a counterbond.
Santos v. Auino, #>1 *7(A "#2 ."99#0 <here is no such
remedy as substitution of the attached property. ,f the
attachment is excessive, the remedy is to reduce or
partially discharge, not substitute, the attachment. <he fact
that more property has been attached than an amount
sufficient to satisfy the recovery of an action is not a
ground for dissolution.
#erla Compa%ia v. 'amolete, #>& *7(A )82 ."99"0 ,n
order to bind the garnishee on a writ of garnishment,
previous service of summons is not re-uired. <he
garnishee need not be impleaded in the case. <he only
re-uirement is service upon him of the writ of
garnishment.
Uy( )r. v. CA, "9" *7(A #21 ."99>0 ?hile it is true that
property in custody of the law may not be interfered with,
without the permission of the proper court, this rule is
confined to cases where the property belongs to the
defendant or one in which the defendant has proprietary
interests. =ut when the *heriff, acting beyond the bounds
of his office seizes a strangers property, the rule does not
apply and interference with his custody .e.g. &
rd
party
claim in a separate action0 is not interference with another
courts order of attachment.
Traders 'oyal *ank v. &AC, "&& *7(A ")" ."98)0 A &
rd
party claimant on the attached property has the option to
assert his claim in the same proceedings, or in an
independent action. Dismissal of his claim in the
attachment proceedings does not bar his claim in an
independent action even if he failed to appeal the dismissal
of his claim.
Consolidated *ank v. &AC, "1> *7(A 19" ."9820 ?hen a
writ of attachment has been levied on real property or any
interest therein belonging to the judgment debtor, the levy
creates a lien which nothing can destroy but its dissolution.
Another court can not issue a writ of possession .even
pursuant to a foreclosure sale0 because this constitutes
interference wth the jurisdiction of a coordinate and co5
e-ual court.
de BeonC ,n Traders 'oyal *ank, the &
rd
party claim existed
even before the attachment was effected, hence the &
rd
party may assert his claim even before a different court. ,n
Consolidated *ank, the &
rd
party claim existed only after
the attachment was effected, hence such &
rd
party can not
assert his claim.
de BeonC <he ruling in these & following cases ."eelin,
Towers, and +anguard0 that re-uires execution must be
first issued against the defendant and returned unsatisfied,
and previous demand on the surety, before the counterbond
may be held liable is now repealed by "992 (ules on 7ivil
Procedure, (ule 12, *ec. "2 which now does not re-uire
previous execution against the defendant and demand upon
the surety. <he surety becomes liable the moment
judgment against the defendant becomes final and
executory, but the surety is still entitled to notice and
hearing only to determine the amount for which the surety
is liable.
*ec. "2. 'ecovery upon the counter,
bond. + ?hen the judgment has
become executory, the surety or sureties
on any counter5bond given pursuant to
the provisions of this (ule to secure the
payment of the judgment shall become
charged on such counter5bond and bound
to pay the judgment obligee upon
demand the amount due under the
judgment, which amount may be
recovered from such surety or sureties
after notice and summary hearing in the
same action.."2a0
;owever, the other doctrines specified herein still hold.
"eelin Marketing v. C - S Agro !evelopment, "#" *7(A
2#1 ."98&0 =efore the counterbond may be held liable, the
surety should be given notice and summary hearing in the
same action as to his liability on the counterbond. A
separate claim for damages need not be filed because the
condition of the bond is for satisfaction of a judgment that
may be ordered against the defendant. ,f it is a claim on the
applicant:s bond, then a separate claim for damages should
be filed before judgment becomes executory. ,n both cases,
notice to the surety is indispensable. ?here the
counterbond agreement is bereft of any condition that the
counter bond is liable for a judgment against the
defendant, the provisions of law as to conditions of a
counterbond are deemed written into it, if the counterbond
manifests that it was Fin consideration of the lifting of the
attachment.G
Towers Assurance v. $rorama Supermarket, 8> *7(A #/#
."9220 ?here the surety on the counterbond bound himself
solidarily with the defendant, the surety not entitled to
exhaustion of the defendant:s properties before he may be
held liable.
de BeonC Do all sureties on counterbonds bind themselves
solidarily with the defendantJ
+anguard Assurance Corporation v. CA, /) *7(A ")8
."9210 A winning applicant need not file a supplemental
pleading to hold the surety on the counterbond liable. <he
supplemental pleading is re-uired only when the adverse
party seeks to claim on the applicant:s bond.
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 6 -
6. Preliinar( In+unction
!inds of injunction
." Prohibitory
.a preliminary
.b final
.# 3andatory an order which re-uires the performance
of a particular act or acts
.a Preliminary
.b final
a. Rule ";
Sec. &. +reliminary in)unction defined% classes. - A
.reliinar( in+unction is an order ,ranted at an( sta,e
of an action or .roceedin, .rior to t)e +ud,ent or
final order- re2uirin, a .art( or a court- a,enc( or a
.erson to refrain fro a .articular act or acts. It a(
also re2uire t)e .erforance of a .articular act or acts-
in /)ic) case it s)all *e 5no/n as a .reliinar(
andator( in+unction. !&a'
Preliminary ,njunction an order granted at any stage of
an action or proceeding prior to the judgment or final
order, re-uiring a party or a court, agency or a person to
refrain from a particular act or acts. ,t may also re-uire the
performance of a particular act or acts, in which case it
shall be known as a preliminary mandatory injunction.
Sec. 6. (ho may rant preliminary in)unction. - A
.reliinar( in+unction a( *e ,ranted *( t)e court
/)ere t)e action or .roceedin, is .endin,. If t)e action
or .roceedin, is .endin, in t)e Court of A..eals or in
t)e Su.ree Court- it a( *e issued *( said court or
an( e*er t)ereof. !6a'
,f an action is pending before the 7A or *7, preliminary
injunction may be issued by a member, unlike in
preliminary attachment which must be issued by the 7A or
*7 as a body.
'ven an 3<7 may issue a preliminary injunction.
de BeonC 7an a *andiganbayan justice issue a writ of
preliminary injunction by himselfJ
Sec. 8. Grounds for issuance of preliminary
in)unction. $ A .reliinar( in+unction a( *e ,ranted
/)en it is esta*lis)ed0
!a' 9)at t)e a..licant is entitled to t)e relief
deanded- and t)e /)ole or .art of suc) relief consists
in restrainin, t)e coission or continuance of t)e act
or acts co.lained of- or in re2uirin, t)e .erforance
of an act or acts eit)er for a liited .eriod or
.er.etuall(3
!*' 9)at t)e coission- continuance or non$
.erforance of t)e act or acts co.lained of durin,
t)e liti,ation /ould .ro*a*l( /or5 in+ustice to t)e
a..licant3 or
'xampleC cf (ule 2>, *ec. "1
*ec. "1. #reliminary in.unction. + <he
court may grant preliminary injunction,
in accordance with the provisions of
(ule 18 hereof, to prevent the defendant
from committing further acts of
dispossession against the plaintiff.
A possessor deprived of his possession
through forcible entry or unlawful
detainer may, within five .10 days from
the filing of the complaint, present a
motion in the action for forcible entry or
unlawful detainer for the issuance of a
writ of preliminary mandatory injunction
to restore him in his possession. <he
court shall decide the motion within
thirty .&>0 days from the filing thereof.
.&a0
!c' 9)at a .art(- court- a,enc( or a .erson is
doin,- t)reatenin, or is atte.tin, to do- or is
.rocurin, or sufferin, to *e done- soe act or acts
.ro*a*l( in violation of t)e ri,)ts of t)e a..licant
res.ectin, t)e su*+ect of t)e action or .roceedin,- and
tendin, to render t)e +ud,ent ineffectual. !8a'
'xampleC cf (ule &8, *ec. 1
*ec. 1. #reliminary in.unction pending
proceedings. + <he court in which the
petition is filed, may grant such
preliminary injunction as may be
necessary for the preservation of the
rights of the parties, upon the filing by
the petitioner of a bond in favor of the
adverse party all damages and costs that
may be awarded to him by reason of
issuance of such injunction or the other
proceedings following the petition6 but
such injunction shall not operate to
discharge or extinguish any lien which
the adverse party may have ac-uired
upon the property of the petitioner. .1a0
'xampleC cf (ule /1, *ec. 2
*ec. 2. /0pediting proceedings1
in.unctive relief. + <he court in which
the petition is filed may issue orders
expediting the proceedings, and it may
also grant a temporary restraining order
or a writ of preliminary injunction for
the preservation of the rights of the
parties pending such proceedings. <he
petition shall not interrupt the course of
the principal case unless a temporary
restraining order or a writ of preliminary
injunction has been issued against the
public respondent from further
proceeding in the case. .2a0
%rounds for issuance of preliminary injunction
.3emorize40
." the applicant is entitled to the relief demanded, and the
whole or part of such relief consists in restraining the
commission or continuance of the act or acts
complained of, or in re-uiring the performance of an
act or acts either for a limited period or perpetually6
.# the commission, continuance or non5performance of
the act or acts complained of during the litigation
would probably work injustice to the applicant6 or
.& a party, court, agency or a person is doing, threatening
or is attempting to do, or is procuring or suffering to
be done, some act or acts probably in violation of the
rights of the applicant respecting the subject of the
action or proceeding, and tending to render the
judgment ineffectual.
Sec. :. .erified application and bond for preliminary
in)unction or temporary restrainin order. - A
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 7 -
.reliinar( in+unction or te.orar( restrainin, order
a( *e ,ranted onl( /)en0
!a' 9)e a..lication in t)e action or .roceedin, is
verified- and s)o/s facts entitlin, t)e a..licant to t)e
relief deanded3 and
!*' >nless e1e.ted *( t)e court- t)e a..licant
files /it) t)e court /)ere t)e action or .roceedin, is
.endin,- a *ond e1ecuted to t)e .art( or .erson
en+oined- in an aount to *e fi1ed *( t)e court- to t)e
effect t)at t)e a..licant /ill .a( to suc) .art( or
.erson all daa,es /)ic) )e a( sustain *( reason of
t)e in+unction or te.orar( restrainin, order if t)e
court s)ould finall( decide t)at t)e a..licant /as not
entitled t)ereto. >.on a..roval of t)e re2uisite *ond- a
/rit of .reliinar( in+unction s)all *e issued. !:a'
!c' W)en an a..lication for a /rit of .reliinar(
in+unction or a te.orar( restrainin, order is included
in a co.laint or an( initiator( .leadin,- t)e case- if
filed in a ulti.le$sala court- s)all *e raffled onl( after
notice to and in t)e .resence of t)e adverse .art( or t)e
.erson to *e en+oined. In an( event- suc) notice s)all *e
.receded- or conte.oraneousl( acco.anied- *(
service of suons- to,et)er /it) a co.( of t)e
co.laint or initiator( .leadin, and t)e a..licant7s
affidavit and *ond- u.on t)e adverse .art( in t)e
P)ili..ines.
Bo/ever /)ere t)e suons could not *e served
.ersonall( or *( su*stituted service des.ite dili,ent
efforts- or t)e adverse .art( is a resident of t)e
P)ili..ines te.oraril( a*sent t)erefro or is a
nonresident t)ereof- t)e re2uireent of .rior or
conte.oraneous service of suons s)all not a..l(.
!d' 9)e a..lication for a te.orar( restrainin,
order s)all t)ereafter *e acted u.on onl( after all
.arties are )eard in a suar( )earin, /)ic) s)all *e
conducted /it)in t/ent($four !6:' )ours after t)e
s)eriff7s return of service andCor t)e records are
received *( t)e *ranc) selected *( raffle and to /)ic)
t)e records s)all *e transitted iediatel(.
(e-uisites for preliminary injunction or temporary
restraining order
." verified application showing facts entitling the
applicant to the relief demanded
.# bond conditioned on paying the party enjoined all
damages which he may sustain by reason of the
injunction or temporary restraining order if the court
should finally decide that the applicant was not
entitled thereto
.& %(C hearing. 'xceptionC court may issue <(I if
plaintiff may suffer grave or irreparable injury
?hen prior or contemporaneous service of summons is not
re-uired
." summons could not be served personally or by
substituted service despite diligent efforts
.# the adverse party is a resident of the Philippines
temporarily absent
.& the adverse party is a nonresident of the Philippines
Sec. ". +reliminary in)unction not ranted without
notice% exception. - No .reliinar( in+unction s)all *e
,ranted /it)out )earin, and .rior notice to t)e .art(
or .erson sou,)t to *e en+oined. If it s)all a..ear fro
t)e facts s)o/n *( affidavits or *( t)e verified
a..lication t)at ,reat or irre.ara*le in+ur( /ould
result to t)e a..licant *efore t)e atter can *e )eard
on notice- t)e court to /)ic) t)e a..lication for
.reliinar( in+unction /as ade- a( issue @ex parteA
a te.orar( restrainin, order to *e effective onl( for a
.eriod of t/ent( !6=' da(s fro service on t)e .art( or
.erson sou,)t to *e en+oined- e1ce.t as )erein
.rovided. Wit)in t)e said t/ent($da( .eriod- t)e court
ust order said .art( or .erson to s)o/ cause- at a
s.ecified tie and .lace- /)( t)e in+unction s)ould not
*e ,ranted- deterine /it)in t)e sae .eriod /)et)er
or not t)e .reliinar( in+unction s)all *e ,ranted- and
accordin,l( issue t)e corres.ondin, order.
Bo/ever- and su*+ect to t)e .rovisions of t)e
.recedin, sections- if t)e atter is of e1tree ur,enc(
and t)e a..licant /ill suffer ,rave in+ustice and
irre.ara*le in+ur(- t)e e1ecutive +ud,e of a ulti.le$
sala court or t)e .residin, +ud,e of a sin,le$sala court
a( issue ex parte a te.orar( restrainin, order
effective for onl( sevent($t/o !#6' )ours fro issuance
*ut )e s)all iediatel( co.l( /it) t)e .rovisions of
t)e ne1t .recedin, section as to service of suons and
t)e docuents to *e served t)ere/it). 9)ereafter-
/it)in t)e aforesaid sevent($t/o !#6' )ours- t)e +ud,e
*efore /)o t)e case is .endin, s)all conduct a
suar( )earin, to deterine /)et)er t)e te.orar(
restrainin, order s)all *e e1tended until t)e
a..lication for .reliinar( in+unction can *e )eard. In
no case s)all t)e total .eriod of effectivit( of t)e
te.orar( restrainin, order e1ceed t/ent( !6=' da(s-
includin, t)e ori,inal sevent($t/o )ours .rovided
)erein.
In t)e event t)at t)e a..lication for .reliinar(
in+unction is denied or not resolved /it)in t)e said
.eriod- t)e te.orar( restrainin, order is deeed
autoaticall( vacated. 9)e effectivit( of a te.orar(
restrainin, order is not e1tendi*le /it)out need of an(
+udicial declaration to t)at effect and no court s)all
)ave aut)orit( to e1tend or rene/ t)e sae on t)e sae
,round for /)ic) it /as issued.
Bo/ever- if issued *( t)e Court of A..eals or a
e*er t)ereof- t)e te.orar( restrainin, order s)all
*e effective for si1t( !%=' da(s fro service on t)e .art(
or .erson sou,)t to *e en+oined. A restrainin, order
issued *( t)e Su.ree Court or a e*er t)ereof s)all
*e effective until furt)er orders. !"a'
*tages of injunction
." 2# hour <(I
.a if the matter is of extreme urgency and the
applicant will suffer grave injustice and
irreparable injury
.b issued by executive judge of a multiple5sala court
or the presiding judge of a single5sala court
.c issued ex parte, without hearing
.d thereafter must
0" serve summons and other documents
0# conduct summary hearing to determine
whether the <(I shall be extended to #>
days until the application for preliminary
injunction can be heard
.# #>5day <(I
.a ,f it shall appear from the facts shown by
affidavits or by the verified application that great
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 8 -
or irreparable injury would result to the applicant
before the matter can be heard on notice
.b ,f application is included in initiatory pleading
0" Hotice of raffle shall be preceded, or
contemporaneously accompanied, by service
of summons, together with a copy of the
complaint or initiatory pleading and the
applicants affidavit and bond, upon the
adverse party in the Philippines.
0# (affled only after notice to and in the
presence of the adverse party or the person to
be enjoined
.c issued with summary hearing .to determine
whether the applicant will suffer great or
irreparable injury0 within #) hours after sheriff:s
return of service andKor records are received by
the branch selected by raffle
.d ?ithin #>5day period court must
0" order said party or person to show cause
why the injunction should not be granted
0# determine whether or not the preliminary
injunction shall be granted, and accordingly
issue the corresponding order.
.e including the original 2# hours, total effectivity of
<(I shall
0" not exceed #> days, if issued by a (<7
or 3<7
0# not exceed /> days, if issued by the 7A
or a member thereof
0& until futher orders, if issued by the *7
.f <(I is automatically vacated upon expiration of
the period and without granting of preliminary
injunction
.g effectivity is not extendible without need of any
judicial declaration to that effect
.h no court shall have authority to extend or renew
the same on the same ground for which it was
issued.
.& Preliminary injunction
.a ;earing and prior notice to the party sought to be
enjoined
.b ,f application is included in initiatory pleading
0" Hotice of raffle shall be preceded, or
contemporaneously accompanied, by service
of summons, together with a copy of the
complaint or initiatory pleading and the
applicants affidavit and bond, upon the
adverse party in the Philippines.
0# (affled only after notice to and in the
presence of the adverse party or the person to
be enjoined
.c Applicant posts a bond
.) $inal injunction
Hote that a bond is re-uired only in preliminary
injunctions, but is not re-uired in <(Is.
After lapse of the #> day <(I, the court can still grant a
preliminary injunction.
Hote that irreparable injury is always a re-uisite in <(Is.
=ut in the 2# hour <(I, grave injustice must also be
shown. ,n the #> day <(I, the ground is great or
irreparable injury.
#aras v. 'oura, "/& *7(A " ."9880 ?ithout a preliminary
injunction, a <(I issued by the 7A expires without
necessity of court action.
de BeonC Hote that <(Is issued by the *7 are effected
until further orders.
Sec. %. Grounds for ob)ection to& or for motion of
dissolution of& in)unction or restrainin order. - 9)e
a..lication for in+unction or restrainin, order a( *e
denied- u.on a s)o/in, of its insufficienc(. 9)e
in+unction or restrainin, order a( also *e denied- or-
if ,ranted- a( *e dissolved- on ot)er ,rounds u.on
affidavit of t)e .art( or .erson en+oined- /)ic) a( *e
o..osed *( t)e a..licant also *( affidavits. It a(
furt)er *e denied- or- if ,ranted- a( *e dissolved- if it
a..ears after )earin, t)at alt)ou,) t)e a..licant is
entitled to t)e in+unction or restrainin, order- t)e
issuance or continuance t)ereof- as t)e case a( *e-
/ould cause irre.ara*le daa,e to t)e .art( or .erson
en+oined /)ile t)e a..licant can *e full( co.ensated
for suc) daa,es as )e a( suffer- and t)e forer files
a *ond in an aount fi1ed *( t)e court conditioned
t)at )e /ill .a( all daa,es /)ic) t)e a..licant a(
suffer *( t)e denial or t)e dissolution of t)e in+unction
or restrainin, order. If it a..ears t)at t)e e1tent of t)e
.reliinar( in+unction or restrainin, order ,ranted is
too ,reat- it a( *e odified. !%a'
Sec. #. $ervice of copies of bonds% effect of
disapproval of same. - 9)e .art( filin, a *ond in
accordance /it) t)e .rovisions of t)is Rule s)all
fort)/it) serve a co.( of suc) *ond on t)e ot)er .art(-
/)o a( e1ce.t to t)e sufficienc( of t)e *ond- or of t)e
suret( or sureties t)ereon. If t)e a..licant7s *ond is
found to *e insufficient in aount- or if t)e suret( or
sureties t)ereon fail to +ustif(- and a *ond sufficient in
aount /it) sufficient sureties a..roved after
+ustification is not filed fort)/it)- t)e in+unction s)all
*e dissolved. If t)e *ond for t)e adverse .art( is found
to *e insufficient in aount- or t)e suret( or sureties
t)ereon fail to +ustif( a *ond sufficient in aount /it)
sufficient sureties a..roved after +ustification is not
filed fort)/it)- t)e in+unction s)all *e ,ranted or
restored- as t)e case a( *e. !;a'
%rounds for objection to, or for motion of dissolution of,
injunction or restraining order
." upon showing of insufficiency of the application
.# other grounds upon affidavit of the party or person
enjoined
.& appears after hearing that irreparable damage to the
party or person enjoined will be caused while the
applicant can be fully compensated for such damages
as he may suffer, and the party enjoined files a
counterbond
.) insufficiency of the bond
.1 insufficiency of the surety or sureties
Sec. ;. /udment to include damaes aainst party
and sureties. - At t)e trial- t)e aount of daa,es to *e
a/arded to eit)er .art(- u.on t)e *ond of t)e adverse
.art(- s)all *e claied- ascertained- and a/arded
under t)e sae .rocedure .rescri*ed in section 6= of
Rule "#. !<a'
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 9 -
Hote that injunction, whoever seeks claims on a bond, he
must file his claim before entry of judgment. ,n
attachment, if it is the applicant who claims on the
counterbond, he can file his claim after entry of judgment.
=ut if it is the adverse party who claims on the applicant:s
attachment bond, the claim must be filed before entry of
judgment.
Sec. <. (hen final in)unction ranted. - If after t)e
trial of t)e action it a..ears t)at t)e a..licant is
entitled to )ave t)e act or acts co.lained of
.eranentl( en+oined- t)e court s)all ,rant a final
in+unction .er.etuall( restrainin, t)e .art( or .erson
en+oined fro t)e coission or continuance of t)e act
or acts or confirin, t)e .reliinar( andator(
in+unction. !&=a'
*. Cases
de "a Cru2 v. Tan Torres, ">2 Phil ""/& ."9/>0 3ere
motion to file a counterbond is not sufficient to -uash the
writ of preliminary injunction. A preliminary injunction
can be granted or dissolved only upon good and valid
grounds. 3ere offer to post a counterbond does not suffice
to warrant the dissolution of the preliminary writ of
injunction.
'scolinC <his is illustrative of the rule that the defendant
can not seek the dissolution of the injunction merely by
filing a counter5bond. ,t must be further shown that the
defendant will suffer irreparable injury while the other
party may be fully compensated for any damages on his
part.
Apachecha v. 'ovira, 8& *7(A #1" ."9280 *upersedeas
bond to stop execution pending appeal liable for
satisfaction of a judgment. ,t is not conditioned on paying
damages, unlike a preliminary injunction bond. 7laim on
the supersedeas bond need not be filed before entry of
judgment, but can be filed after finality. 7laim on a
preliminary injunction bond must be filed before finality.
)oy Mark Consolidated v. CA, #>9 *7(A 2&8 ."99#0 After
the petition for certiorari was filed -uestioning the
issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction, the court loses
jurisdiction over the subject matter. ,t can not dissolve the
writ of preliminary injunction while the certiorari case
-uestioning the issuance of a preliminary injunction is
pending. Hon5issuance of a <(I by the appellate court
only meant that the trial court may proceed to hear the
main case. ,t did not give the lower court a license to
interfere with the appellate court:s disposition of the writ
of preliminary injunction.
#e%a v. CA, #)1 *7(A /9" ."9910 ,n an action
-uestioning the trial court:s denial of a preliminary
investigation, the appellate court can not order a final
injunction.
8. Receivers)i.
(eceiver an indifferent person between the parties to a
case, appointed by the court to receive and preserve the
property or fund in litigation pendente lite, when it does
not seem reasonable to the court that either party should
hold it
Purpose of receivership to preserve, administer, or
dispose of property in litigation, pendente lite
a. Rule "<
Sec. &. Appointment of receiver. A >.on a verified
a..lication- one or ore receivers of t)e .ro.ert(
su*+ect of t)e action or .roceedin, a( *e a..ointed
*( t)e court /)ere t)e action is .endin,- or *( t)e
Court of A..eals or *( t)e Su.ree Court- or a
e*er t)ereof- in t)e follo/in, cases0
!a' W)en it a..ears fro t)e verified a..lication-
and suc) ot)er .roof as t)e court a( re2uire- t)at t)e
.art( a..l(in, for t)e a..ointent of a receiver )as an
interest in t)e .ro.ert( or fund /)ic) is t)e su*+ect of
t)e action or .roceedin,- and t)at suc) .ro.ert( or
fund is in dan,er of *ein, lost- or ateriall( in+ured
unless a receiver *e a..ointed to adinister and
.reserve it3
!*' W)en it a..ears in an action *( t)e ort,a,ee
for t)e foreclosure of a ort,a,e t)at t)e .ro.ert( is in
dan,er of *ein, /asted or dissi.ated or ateriall(
in+ured- and t)at its value is .ro*a*l( insufficient to
disc)ar,e t)e ort,a,e de*t- or t)at t)e .arties )ave so
sti.ulated in t)e contract of ort,a,e3
!c' After +ud,ent- to .reserve t)e .ro.ert(
durin, t)e .endenc( of an a..eal- or to dis.ose of it
accordin, to t)e +ud,ent- or to aid e1ecution /)en t)e
e1ecution )as *een returned unsatisfied or t)e
+ud,ent o*li,or refuses to a..l( )is .ro.ert( in
satisfaction of t)e +ud,ent- or ot)er/ise to carr( t)e
+ud,ent into effect3
cf (ule &9, *ec. )"
*ec. )". Appointment of receiver. + <he
court may appoint a receiver of the
property of the judgment obligor6 and it
may also forbid a transfer or other
disposition of, or any interference with,
the property of the judgment obligor not
exempt from execution. .)&a0
!d' W)enever in ot)er cases it a..ears t)at t)e
a..ointent of a receiver is t)e ost convenient and
feasi*le eans of .reservin,- adinisterin,- or
dis.osin, of t)e .ro.ert( in liti,ation.
Durin, t)e .endenc( of an a..eal- t)e a..ellate
court a( allo/ an a..lication for t)e a..ointent of
a receiver to *e filed in and decided *( t)e court or
ori,in and t)e receiver a..ointed to *e su*+ect to t)e
control of said court. !&a'
,nstances when receivership may be granted
." the party applying for the appointment of a receiver
has an interest in the property or fund which is the
subject of the action or proceeding, and that such
property or fund is in danger of being lost, or
materially injured unless a receiver be appointed to
administer and preserve it
.# in an action by the mortgagee for the foreclosure of a
mortgage that the property is in danger of being
wasted or dissipated or materially injured, and that its
value is probably insufficient to discharge the
mortgage debt, or that the parties have so stipulated in
the contract of mortgage6
.& After judgment, to preserve the property during the
pendency of an appeal, or to dispose of it according to
the judgment, or to aid execution when the execution
has been returned unsatisfied or the judgment obligor
refuses to apply his property in satisfaction of the
judgment, or otherwise to carry the judgment into
effect6
.) ?henever in other cases it appears that the
appointment of a receiver is the most convenient and
feasible means of preserving, administering, or
disposing of the property in litigation.
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 10 -
Sec. 6. ,ond on appointment of receiver. $ @efore
issuin, t)e order a..ointin, a receiver t)e court s)all
re2uire t)e a..licant to file a *ond e1ecuted to t)e
.art( a,ainst /)o t)e a..lication is .resented- in an
aount to *e fi1ed *( t)e court- to t)e effect t)at t)e
a..licant /ill .a( suc) .art( all daa,es )e a(
sustain *( reason of t)e a..ointent of suc) receiver in
case t)e a..licant s)all )ave .rocured suc)
a..ointent /it)out sufficient cause3 and t)e court
a(- in its discretion- at an( tie after t)e
a..ointent- re2uire an additional *ond as furt)er
securit( for suc) daa,es. !8a'
Sec. 8. *enial of application or dischare of receiver.
- 9)e a..lication a( *e denied- or t)e receiver
disc)ar,ed- /)en t)e adverse .art( files a *ond
e1ecuted to t)e a..licant- in an aount to *e fi1ed *(
t)e court- to t)e effect t)at suc) .art( /ill .a( t)e
a..licant all daa,es )e a( suffer *( reason of t)e
acts- oissions- or ot)er atters s.ecified in t)e
a..lication as ,round for suc) a..ointent. 9)e
receiver a( also *e disc)ar,ed if it is s)o/n t)at )is
a..ointent /as o*tained /it)out sufficient cause. !:a'
Sec. :. 0ath and bond of receiver. - @efore enterin,
u.on )is duties- t)e receiver s)all *e s/orn to .erfor
t)e fait)full(- and s)all file a *ond- e1ecuted to suc)
.erson and in suc) su as t)e court a( direct- to t)e
effect t)at )e /ill fait)full( disc)ar,e )is duties in t)e
action or .roceedin, and o*e( t)e orders of t)e court.
!"a'
(e-uisties for receivership
." verified application
.# appointed by the court where the action is pending, or
by the 7A or by the *7, or a member thereof
During the pendency of an appeal, the appellate court may
allow an application for the appointment of a receiver to be
filed in and decided by the court or origin and the receiver
appointed to be subject to the control of said court.
.& applicant:s bond conditioned on paying the adverse
party all damages he may sustain by the appointment
of the receiver in case the appointment is without
sufficient cause
.) receiver takes his oath and files his bond
Sec. ". $ervice of copies of bonds% effect of
disapproval of same. A 9)e .erson filin, a *ond in
accordance /it) t)e .rovisions of t)is Rule s)all
fort)/it) serve a co.( t)ereof on eac) interested .art(-
/)o a( e1ce.t to its sufficienc( or of t)e suret( or
sureties t)ereon. If eit)er t)e a..licant7s or t)e
receiver7s *ond is found to *e insufficient in aount- or
if t)e suret( or sureties t)ereon fail to +ustif(- and a
*ond sufficient in aount /it) sufficient sureties
a..roved after +ustification is not filed fort)/it)- t)e
a..lication s)all *e denied or t)e receiver disc)ar,ed-
as t)e case a( *e. If t)e *ond of t)e adverse .art( is
found to *e insufficient in aount or t)e suret( or
sureties t)ereon fail to +ustif(- and a *ond sufficient in
aount /it) sufficient sureties a..roved after
+ustification is not filed fort)/it)- t)e receiver s)all *e
a..ointed or re$a..ointed- as t)e case a( *e. !%a'
Sec. %. General powers of receiver. 1 Su*+ect to t)e
control of t)e court in /)ic) t)e action or .roceedin, is
.endin,- a receiver s)all )ave t)e .o/er to *rin, and
defend- in suc) ca.acit(- actions in )is o/n nae3 to
ta5e and 5ee. .ossession of t)e .ro.ert( in
controvers(3 to receive rents3 to collect de*ts due to
)iself as receiver or to t)e fund- .ro.ert(- estate-
.erson- or cor.oration of /)ic) )e is t)e receiver3 to
co.ound for and co.roise t)e sae3 to a5e
transfer3 to .a( outstandin, de*ts3 to divide t)e one(
and ot)er .ro.ert( t)at s)all reain aon, t)e
.ersons le,all( entitled to receive t)e sae3 and
,enerall( to do suc) acts res.ectin, t)e .ro.ert( as t)e
court a( aut)ori4e. Bo/ever- funds in t)e )ands of a
receiver a( *e invested onl( *( order of t)e court
u.on t)e /ritten consent of all t)e .arties to t)e action.
!#a'
No action a( *e filed *( or a,ainst a receiver
/it)out leave of t)e court /)ic) a..ointed )i. !n'
%eneral powers of receiver
." to bring and defend, in such capacity, actions in his
own name
.# to take and keep possession of the property in
controversy
.& to receive rents
.) to collect debts due to himself as receiver or to the
fund, property, estate, person, or corporation of which
he is the receiver
.1 to compound for and compromise the same
./ to make transfer
.2 to pay outstanding debts
.8 to divide the money and other property that shall
remain among the persons legally entitled to receive
the same
.9 to do such acts respecting the property as the court
may authorize.
;owever, funds in the hands of a receiver may be invested
only by order of the court upon the written consent of all
the parties to the action.
Ho action may be filed by or against a receiver without
leave of the court which appointed him.
Sec. #. 2iability for refusal or nelect to deliver
property to receiver. - A .erson /)o refuses or ne,lects-
u.on reasona*le deand- to deliver to t)e receiver all
t)e .ro.ert(- one(- *oo5s- deeds- notes- *ills-
docuents and .a.ers /it)in )is .o/er or control-
su*+ect of or involved in t)e action or .roceedin,- or in
case of disa,reeent- as deterined and ordered *( t)e
court- a( *e .unis)ed for conte.t and s)all *e lia*le
to t)e receiver for t)e one( or t)e value of t)e
.ro.ert( and ot)er t)in,s so refused or ne,lected to *e
surrendered- to,et)er /it) all daa,es t)at a( )ave
*een sustained *( t)e .art( or .arties entitled t)ereto
as a conse2uence of suc) refusal or ne,lect. !n'
Sec. ;. 3ermination of receivership% compensation of
receiver. - W)enever t)e court- motu proprio or on
otion of eit)er .art(- s)all deterine t)at t)e
necessit( for a receiver no lon,er e1ists- it s)all- after
due notice to all interested .arties and )earin,- settle
t)e accounts of t)e receiver- direct t)e deliver( of t)e
funds and ot)er .ro.ert( in )is .ossession to t)e
.erson ad+ud,ed to *e entitled to receive t)e- and
order t)e disc)ar,e of t)e receiver fro furt)er dut( as
suc). 9)e court s)all allo/ t)e receiver suc) reasona*le
co.ensation as t)e circustances of t)e case /arrant-
to *e ta1ed as costs a,ainst t)e defeated .art(- or
a..ortioned- as +ustice re2uires. !;a'
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 11 -
Sec. <. /udment to include recovery aainst
sureties. - 9)e aount- if an(- to *e a/arded to an(
.art( u.on an( *ond filed in accordance /it) t)e
.rovisions of t)is Rule- s)all *e claied- ascertained-
and ,ranted under t)e sae .rocedure .rescri*ed in
section 6= of Rule "#. !<a'
*. Cases
Acu%a v. Caluag, ">" Phil ))/ ."9120 Although perfection
of an appeal deprives the court of jurisdiction over the
case, the said court retains jurisdiction as regards to the
preservation of the property under litigation and involved
in the appeal.
Central Sawmill v. Alto &nsurance, #2 *7(A 992 ."9/90
Inly properties subject of the litigation may be placed
under receivership. A receiver Fover all properties of the
defendantG may not be appointed, only for specific
properties under litigation.
!escallar v. CA, ##) *7(A 1// ."99&0 Appointment of a
receiver is not proper where the rights of the parties are
still to be determined by the trial court. <here is no
showing that grave or irremediable damage may result to
respondent =orromeo unless a receiver is appointed. <he
property in -uestion is real property, hence, it is neither
perishable or consummable. 'ven though it is mortgaged
to a third person, there is no evidence that payment of the
mortgage obligation is being neglected. ,n any event, the
respondents rights and interests, may be ade-uately
protected during the pendency of the case by causing his
adverse claim to be annotated on the petitioners
certificates of title.
'scolinC (eceivership is proper only if the property subject
of litigation is in danger of being destroyed.
:. Re.levin
a. Definition of Re.levin
*. Rule %=
Sec. &. Application. - A .art( .ra(in, for t)e
recover( of .ossession of .ersonal .ro.ert( a(- at t)e
coenceent of t)e action or at an( tie *efore
ans/er- a..l( for an order for t)e deliver( of suc)
.ro.ert( to )i- in t)e anner )ereinafter .rovided.
!&a'
<he provisional remedy of replevin can only be applied for
before answer.
Sec. 6. Affidavit and bond. A 9)e a..licant ust
s)o/ *( )is o/n affidavit or t)at of soe ot)er .erson
/)o .ersonall( 5no/s t)e facts0
!a' 9)at t)e a..licant is t)e o/ner of t)e .ro.ert(
claied- .articularl( descri*in, it- or is entitled to t)e
.ossession t)ereof3
!*' 9)at t)e .ro.ert( is /ron,full( detained *(
t)e adverse .art(- alle,in, t)e cause of detention
t)ereof accordin, to t)e *est of )is 5no/led,e-
inforation- and *elief3
!c' 9)at t)e .ro.ert( )as not *een distrained or
ta5en for a ta1 assessent or a fine .ursuant to la/- or
sei4ed under a /rit of e1ecution or .reliinar(
attac)ent- or ot)er/ise .laced under custodia leis& or
if so sei4ed- t)at it is e1e.t fro suc) sei4ure or
custod(3 and
!d' 9)e actual ar5et value of t)e .ro.ert(.
9)e a..licant ust also ,ive a *ond- e1ecuted to
t)e adverse .art( in dou*le t)e value of t)e .ro.ert( as
stated in t)e affidavit aforeentioned- for t)e return of
t)e .ro.ert( to t)e adverse .art( if suc) return *e
ad+ud,ed- and for t)e .a(ent to t)e adverse .art( of
suc) su as )e a( recover fro t)e a..licant in t)e
action. !6a'
Hote that the replevin bond should be double the value of
the subject property.
Sec. 8. 0rder. - >.on t)e filin, of suc) affidavit
and a..roval of t)e *ond- t)e court s)all issue an order
and t)e corres.ondin, /rit of re.levin descri*in, t)e
.ersonal .ro.ert( alle,ed to *e /ron,full( detained
and re2uirin, t)e s)eriff fort)/it) to ta5e suc)
.ro.ert( into )is custod(. !8a'
Sec. :. *uty of the sheriff. $ >.on receivin, suc)
order- t)e s)eriff ust serve a co.( t)ereof on t)e
adverse .art(- to,et)er /it) a co.( of t)e a..lication-
affidavit and *ond- and ust fort)/it) ta5e t)e
.ro.ert(- if it *e in t)e .ossession of t)e adverse .art(-
or )is a,ent- and retain it in )is custod(. If t)e .ro.ert(
or an( .art t)ereof *e concealed in a *uildin, or
enclosure- t)e s)eriff ust deand its deliver(- and if it
*e not delivered- )e ust cause t)e *uildin, or
enclosure to *e *ro5en o.en and ta5e t)e .ro.ert( into
)is .ossession. After t)e s)eriff )as ta5en .ossession of
t)e .ro.ert( as )erein .rovided- )e ust 5ee. it in a
secure .lace and s)all *e res.onsi*le for its deliver( to
t)e .art( entitled t)ereto u.on receivin, )is fees and
necessar( e1.enses for ta5in, and 5ee.in, t)e sae.
!:a'
Sec. ". -eturn of property. - If t)e adverse .art(
o*+ects to t)e sufficienc( of t)e a..licant7s *ond- or of
t)e suret( or sureties t)ereon- )e cannot iediatel(
re2uire t)e return of t)e .ro.ert(- *ut if )e does not so
o*+ect- )e a(- at an( tie *efore t)e deliver( of t)e
.ro.ert( to t)e a..licant- re2uire t)e return t)ereof- *(
filin, /it) t)e court /)ere t)e action is .endin, a *ond
e1ecuted to t)e a..licant- in dou*le t)e value of t)e
.ro.ert( as stated in t)e a..licant7s affidavit for t)e
deliver( t)ereof to t)e a..licant- if suc) deliver( *e
ad+ud,ed- and for t)e .a(ent of suc) su to )i as
a( *e recovered a,ainst t)e adverse .art(- and *(
servin, a co.( of suc) *ond on t)e a..licant. !"a'
<he remedies of objecting to the sufficiency of the
applicant:s bond, and posting of the counterbond, are
mutual exclusive.
Sec. %. *isposition of property by sheriff. - If
/it)in five !"' da(s after t)e ta5in, of t)e .ro.ert( *(
t)e s)eriff- t)e adverse .art( does not o*+ect to t)e
sufficienc( of t)e *ond- or of t)e suret( or sureties
t)ereon3 or if t)e adverse .art( so o*+ects and t)e court
affirs its a..roval of t)e a..licant7s *ond or a..roves
a ne/ *ond- of if t)e adverse .art( re2uires t)e return
of t)e .ro.ert( *ut )is *ond is o*+ected to and found
insufficient and )e does not fort)/it) file an a..roved
*ond- t)e .ro.ert( s)all *e delivered to t)e a..licant.
If for an( reason t)e .ro.ert( is not delivered to t)e
a..licant- t)e s)eriff ust return it to t)e adverse
.art(. !%a'
Sec. #. +roceedins where property claimed by
third person. - If t)e .ro.ert( ta5en is claied *( an(
.erson ot)er t)an t)e .art( a,ainst /)o t)e /rit of
re.levin )ad *een issued or )is a,ent- and suc) .erson
a5es an affidavit of )is title t)ereto- or ri,)t to t)e
.ossession t)ereof- statin, t)e ,rounds t)erefor- and
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 12 -
serves suc) affidavit u.on t)e s)eriff /)ile t)e latter
)as .ossession of t)e .ro.ert( and a co.( t)ereof u.on
t)e a..licant- t)e s)eriff s)all not *e *ound to 5ee. t)e
.ro.ert( under re.levin or deliver it to t)e a..licant
unless t)e a..licant or )is a,ent- on deand of said
s)eriff- s)all file a *ond a..roved *( t)e court to
indenif( t)e t)ird$.art( claiant in t)e su not less
t)an t)e value of t)e .ro.ert( under re.levin as
.rovided in section 6 )ereof. In case of disa,reeent as
to suc) value- t)e court s)all deterine t)e sae. No
clai for daa,es for ta5in, or 5ee.in, of t)e .ro.ert(
a( *e enforced a,ainst t)e *ond unless t)e action
t)erefor is filed /it)in one )undred t/ent( !&6=' da(s
fro t)e date of t)e filin, of t)e *ond.
9)e s)eriff s)all not *e lia*le for daa,es- for t)e
ta5in, or 5ee.in, of suc) .ro.ert(- to an( suc) t)ird$
.art( claiant if suc) *ond s)all *e filed. Not)in,
)erein contained s)all .revent suc) claiant or an(
t)ird .erson fro vindicatin, )is clai to t)e .ro.ert(-
or .revent t)e a..licant fro claiin, daa,es
a,ainst a t)ird$.art( claiant /)o filed a frivolous or
.lainl( s.urious clai- in t)e sae or a se.arate action.
W)en t)e /rit of re.levin is issued in favor of t)e
Re.u*lic of t)e P)ili..ines- or an( officer dul(
re.resentin, it- t)e filin, of suc) *ond s)all not *e
re2uired- and in case t)e s)eriff is sued for daa,es as
a result of t)e re.levin- )e s)all *e re.resented *( t)e
Solicitor ?eneral- and if )eld lia*le t)erefor- t)e actual
daa,es ad+ud,ed *( t)e court s)all *e .aid *( t)e
National 9reasurer out of t)e funds to *e a..ro.riated
for t)e .ur.ose. !#a'
A &
rd
party claimant may vindicate his claim to the
property, and the applicant may claim damages against
such &
rd
party, in the same or separate action.
A claim on the indemnity bond should be filed within "#>
days from posting of such bond.
Sec. ;. -eturn of papers. - 9)e s)eriff ust file t)e
order- /it) )is .roceedin,s endorsed t)ereon- /it) t)e
court /it)in ten !&=' da(s after ta5in, t)e .ro.ert(
entioned t)erein. !;a'
Sec. <. /udment. - After trial of t)e issues- t)e
court s)all deterine /)o )as t)e ri,)t of .ossession to
and t)e value of t)e .ro.ert( and s)all render
+ud,ent in t)e alternative for t)e deliver( t)ereof to
t)e .art( entitled to t)e sae- or for its value in case
deliver( cannot *e ade- and also for suc) daa,es as
eit)er .art( a( .rove- /it) costs. !<a'
Sec. &=. /udment to include recovery aainst
sureties. - 9)e aount- if an(- to *e a/arded to an(
.art( u.on an( *ond filed in accordance /it) t)e
.rovisions of t)is Rule- s)all *e claied- ascertained-
and ,ranted under t)e sae .rocedure as .rescri*ed in
section 6= of Rule "#. !&=a'
7laims on replevin bond, counter bond, or indemnity bond
should be filed before finality of the replevin action.
c. Cases
Machineries and /ngineering Supply Corp. v. CA, 9/ Phil
2> ."91)0 3achineries bolted to the ground are real
property that may not be subject to replevin. ;owever, if
the applicant insists on its dismantling it Fat his own
responsibility,G in the event the property is re-uired to be
returned .e.g. counterbond posted0, he should bear the
expenses of returning the property to its condition before it
was dismantled.
*achrach Motors v. Summers, )# Phil & ."9#"0 ?here a
chattel mortgagor defaults but refuses to give up
possession of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee must
institute an action for replevin to repossess the property for
the purpose of foreclosure sale.
Sebastian v. *alino, ##) *7(A #1/ ."99&0 After property
is seized under a writ of replevin, it is not to be delivered
immediately to the plaintiff. <he sheriff must retain it in
his custody for 1 days and shall return it to the defendant if
he posts a counterbond. ,mmediate turnover to the plaintiff
is not justified by an absence of a place to store the seized
property. <he remedy is to store it in a bonded warehouse.
$urthermore, the sheriff who executes the writ of replevin
must serve on the defendant not only a copy of the order of
seizure, but also a copy of the application, affidavit and
bond.
"a Tonde%a v. CA, #>9 *7(A 11& ."99#0 <he law does not
allow the defendant to object to the insufficiency of the
replevin bond or sureties, and then to post a counter bond.
<he remedies are alternative. ;owever, a &
rd
party claimant
can file his claim in the same or a separate action. ?here
there is a dispute as to the identity of the claimant, the
court should first resolve whether he is the defendant or a
&
rd
party before ruling on the propriety of his claim.
*A 3inance v. CA, #18 *7(A "># ."99/0 ?here the
mortgage authorizes the mortgagee to take possession of
the property upon default, the mortgagee can maintain
replevin to recover possession of the mortgaged chattels
from the mortgagor or from person in whose hands he may
find them. <he fact that the &
rd
person is not privy to the
chattel mortgage is inconse-uential. ;owever, even if
possession of the chattel has been transferred to a &
rd
party,
the mortgagor should still be made a party defendant and
summoned in the replevin case to resolve the issue of the
fact of default, before such &
rd
party may be deprived of
possession.
de BeonC Hote that this is possible because a chattel
mortgage is re-uired to be registered in order to be valid
and enforceable. ;ence, any &
rd
person possession is
constructively notified of the chattel mortgage.
Servicewide Specialists v. CA, #1" *7(A 2> ."9910 <he
chattel mortgagor is an indispensable party in a replevin
action preparatory to foreclosure proceedings. Dismissal of
the replevin action as to him results in dismissal of the
same action against his co5defendant &
rd
party possessor.
Ago v. CA, "/ *7(A 8" ."9//0 ?here the property
ordered replevied can not be delivered to the applicant in
substantially the same condition when they were delivered
to the defendant, the applicant may refuse to take them and
instead sue on any redelivery bond, or execute a favorable
judgment. ,n which case, it is the obligation of the
defendant to accept redelivery of the properties. ?hether
he accepted it or not, he was liable for its detention. A final
judgment ordering replevin should be in the alternative so
as to afford a measure of relief where the property can not
be returned.
Chua v. CA, ### *7(A 81 ."99&0 ?here personal property
is seized under a search warrant and there is reason to
believe that the seizure will not anymore be followed by
the filing of a criminal action, and there are conflicting
claims over the seized property, the proper remedy is the
filing of an action for replevin, or an interpleader filed by
the %overnment in the proper court, not necessarily the
same one which issued the search warrant. ;owever,
where there is still a probability that the seizure will be
followed by the filing of a criminal action .e.g. preliminary
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 13 -
investigation provisionally dismissed0, or the criminal
information has actually been commenced, or filed, and
actually prosecuted, and there are conflicting claims over
the property seized, the proper remedy is to -uestion the
validity of the search warrant in the same court which
issued it and not in any other branch of the said court.
". Su..ort Pendente Lite
a. Art. &<: A &<% DC
Art. &<:. Su..ort co.rises ever(t)in,
indis.ensa*le for sustenance- d/ellin,- clot)in,-
edical attendance- education and trans.ortation- in
5ee.in, /it) t)e financial ca.acit( of t)e fail(.
9)e education of t)e .erson entitled to *e
su..orted referred to in t)e .recedin, .ara,ra.) s)all
include )is sc)oolin, or trainin, for soe .rofession-
trade or vocation- even *e(ond t)e a,e of a+orit(.
9rans.ortation s)all include e1.enses in ,oin, to and
fro sc)ool- or to and fro .lace of /or5. !6<=a'
Art. &<". Su*+ect to t)e .rovisions of t)e
succeedin, articles- t)e follo/in, are o*li,ed to su..ort
eac) ot)er to t)e /)ole e1tent set fort) in t)e .recedin,
article0
!&' 9)e s.ouses3
!6' Le,itiate ascendants and descendants3
!8' Parents and t)eir le,itiate c)ildren and t)e
le,itiate and ille,itiate c)ildren of t)e latter3
!:' Parents and t)eir ille,itiate c)ildren and t)e
le,itiate and ille,itiate c)ildren of t)e latter3 and
!"' Le,itiate *rot)ers and sisters- /)et)er of full
or )alf$*lood !6<&a'
Art. &<%. @rot)ers and sisters not le,itiatel(
related- /)et)er of t)e full or )alf$*lood- are li5e/ise
*ound to su..ort eac) ot)er to t)e full e1tent set fort)
in Article &<:- e1ce.t onl( /)en t)e need for su..ort of
t)e *rot)er or sister- *ein, of a,e- is due to a cause
i.uta*le to t)e claiant7s fault or ne,li,ence. !6<&a'
*. Rule %&
Sec. &. Application. - At t)e coenceent of t)e
.ro.er action or .roceedin,- or at an( tie .rior to t)e
+ud,ent or final order- a verified a..lication for
su..ort pendente lite a( *e filed *( an( .art( statin,
t)e ,rounds for t)e clai and t)e financial conditions
of *ot) .arties- and acco.anied *( affidavits-
de.ositions or ot)er aut)entic docuents in su..ort
t)ereof. !&a'
An application for support pendente lite may be filed at
any time prior to judgment or final order.
Sec. 6. Comment. - A co.( of t)e a..lication and
all su..ortin, docuents s)all *e served u.on t)e
adverse .art(- /)o s)all )ave five !"' da(s to coent
t)ereon unless a different .eriod is fi1ed *( t)e court
u.on )is otion. 9)e coent s)all *e verified and
s)all *e acco.anied *( affidavits- de.ositions or ot)er
aut)entic docuents in su..ort t)ereof. !6a- 8a'
Sec. 8. 4earin. - After t)e coent is filed- or
after t)e e1.iration of t)e .eriod for its filin,- t)e
a..lication s)all *e set for )earin, not ore t)an t)ree
!8' da(s t)ereafter. 9)e facts in issue s)all *e .roved in
t)e sae anner as is .rovided for evidence on
otions. !:a'
Sec. :. 0rder. - 9)e court s)all deterine
.rovisionall( t)e .ertinent facts- and s)all render suc)
orders as +ustice and e2uit( a( re2uire- )avin, due
re,ard to t)e .ro*a*le outcoe of t)e case and suc)
ot)er circustances as a( aid in t)e .ro.er resolution
of t)e 2uestion involved. If t)e a..lication is ,ranted-
t)e court s)all fi1 t)e aount of one( to *e
.rovisionall( .aid or suc) ot)er fors of su..ort as
s)ould *e .rovided- ta5in, into account t)e necessities
of t)e a..licant and t)e resources or eans of t)e
adverse .art(- and t)e ters of .a(ent or ode for
.rovidin, t)e su..ort. If t)e a..lication is denied- t)e
.rinci.al case s)all *e tried and decided as earl( as
.ossi*le. !"a'
Sec. ". 'nforcement of order. - If t)e adverse
.art( fails to co.l( /it) an order ,rantin, su..ort
pendente lite& t)e court s)all- motu proprio or u.on
otion- issue an order of e1ecution a,ainst )i-
/it)out .re+udice to )is lia*ilit( for conte.t. !%a'
W)en t)e .erson ordered to ,ive su..ort pendente
lite refuses or fails to do so- an( t)ird .erson /)o
furnis)ed t)at su..ort to t)e a..licant a(- after due
notice and )earin, in t)e sae case- o*tain a /rit of
e1ecution to enforce )is ri,)t of rei*urseent a,ainst
t)e .erson ordered to .rovide suc) su..ort. !n'
Sec. %. $upport in criminal cases. - In criinal
actions /)ere t)e civil lia*ilit( includes su..ort for t)e
offs.rin, as a conse2uence of t)e crie and t)e civil
as.ect t)ereof )as not *een /aived- reserved or
instituted .rior to its filin,- t)e accused a( *e ordered
to .rovide su..ort pendente lite to t)e c)ild *orn to t)e
offended .art( alle,edl( *ecause of t)e crie. 9)e
a..lication t)erefor a( *e filed successivel( *( t)e
offended .art(- )er .arents- ,rand.arents or ,uardian
and t)e State in t)e corres.ondin, criinal case durin,
its .endenc(- in accordance /it) t)e .rocedure
esta*lis)ed under t)is Rule. !n'
Sec. #. -estitution. - W)en t)e +ud,ent or final
order of t)e court finds t)at t)e .erson /)o )as *een
.rovidin, su..ort pendente lite is not lia*le t)erefor- it
s)all order t)e reci.ient t)ereof to return to t)e forer
t)e aounts alread( .aid /it) le,al interest fro t)e
dates of actual .a(ent- /it)out .re+udice to t)e ri,)t
of t)e reci.ient to o*tain rei*urseent in a se.arate
action fro t)e .erson le,all( o*li,ed to ,ive su..ort.
S)ould t)e reci.ient fail to rei*urse said aounts- t)e
.erson /)o .rovided t)e sae a( li5e/ise see5
rei*urseent t)ereof in a se.arate action fro t)e
.erson le,all( o*li,ed to ,ive suc) su..ort. !n'
c. Cases
Torres v. 4on. Teodoro( Sr., ">" Phil )## ."9120 ?here the
court ordered support pendente lite to be deposited each
month, failure of the defendant to deposit for one month is
a separate and distinct violation from a failure to deposit
for another month. 7onvictions for indirect contempt for
failure to deposit for separate months do not constitute
double jeopardy.
Mangoma v. Macadaeg, 9> Phil 1>8 ."91"0 ?here the
oppositor to an application for support pendente lite
alleges sufficient ground to oppose support .e.g. adultery
by the wife0, the oppositor should be given an opportunity
to present evidence in support of his opposition.
Remedial Law Reviewer, Part V of IX - 14 -