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xvi Contents

14.6.1 Mobile IP 458


14.6.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 464
14.7 Internet Reference Model 464
14.8 Summary 465
Problems 465
References 466
15 Wide-Area Wireless Networks (WANs) GSM Evolution 469
15.1 Introduction 469
15.2 GSM Evolution for Data 470
15.2.1 High Speed Circuit Switched Data 472
15.2.2 General Packet Radio Service 473
15.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Enhancement 483
15.3 Third-Generation (3G) Wireless Systems 489
15.4 UMTS Network Reference Architecture 495
15.5 Channel Structure in UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 497
15.6 Spreading and Scrambling in UMTS 504
15.7 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview 506
15.7.1 UTRAN Logical Interfaces 508
15.7.2 Distribution of UTRAN Functions 516
15.8 UMTS Core Network Architecture 518
15.8.1 3G-MSC 520
15.8.2 3G-SGSN 520
15.8.3 3G-GGSN 521
15.8.4 SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC 522
15.8.5 Firewall 522
15.8.6 DNS/DHCP 522
15.9 Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec for UMTS 523
15.10 UMTS Bearer Service 524
15.11 QoS Management 526
15.11.1 Functions for UMTS Bearer Service in the Control Plane 526
15.11.2 Functions for UMTS Bearer Service in the User Plane 527
15.12 Quality of Service in UMTS 528
15.12.1 QoS Classes 528
15.12.2 QoS Attributes 528
15.13 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) 530
Contents xvii
15.14 Freedom of Mobile multimedia Access (FOMA) 536
15.15 Summary 537
Problems 538
References 539
16 Wide-Area Wireless Networks cdmaOne Evolution 541
16.1 Introduction 541
16.2 cdma2000 Layering Structure 544
16.2.1 Upper Layer 544
16.2.2 Lower Layers 545
16.3 Forward Link Physical Channels of cdma2000 550
16.4 Forward Link Features 553
16.4.1 Transmit Diversity 553
16.4.2 Orthogonal Modulation 555
16.4.3 Power Control 556
16.4.4 Walsh Code Administration 558
16.4.5 Modulation and Spreading 558
16.5 Reverse Link Physical Channels of cdma2000 562
16.5.1 Reverse Link Power Control 565
16.6 Evolution of cdmaOne (IS-95) to cdma2000 568
16.6.1 cdma2000 1X EV-DO 574
16.6.2 cdma2000 1X EV-DV 581
16.7 Technical Differences between cdma2000 and WCDMA 586
16.8 Summary 587
Problems 592
References 592
17 Planning and Design of Wide-Area Wireless Networks 595
17.1 Introduction 595
17.2 Planning and Design of a Wireless Network 596
17.3 Radio Design for a Cellular Network 600
17.3.1 Radio Link Design 600
17.3.2 Coverage Planning 601
17.4 Receiver Sensitivity and Link Budget 602
17.4.1 Link Budget for the GSM1800 System 602
17.4.2 Pole Capacity of a CDMA Cell 605
17.4.3 Uplink Radio Link Budget for a CDMA System 606
17.4.4 Downlink Radio Link Budget for a CDMA System 609
17.5 cdma2000 1X EV-DO 615
17.5.1 1X EV-DO Concept 615
17.5.2 Details of cdma2000 1X EV-DO 617
17.6 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 620
17.6.1 HSDPA SINR Calculation 623
17.7 I
ub
Interface Dimensioning 624
17.8 Radio Network Controller Dimensioning 624
17.9 Summary 626
Problems 626
References 629
18 Wireless Application Protocol 631
18.1 Introduction 631
18.2 WAP and the World Wide Web (WWW) 631
18.3 Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol 632
18.4 The WAP Programming Model 633
18.4.1 The WWW Model 634
18.4.2 The WAP Model 634
18.5 WAP Architecture 636
18.5.1 Wireless Application Environment 637
18.5.2 Wireless Telephony Application 638
18.5.3 Wireless Session Protocol 639
18.5.4 Wireless Transaction Protocol 640
18.5.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security 641
18.5.6 Wireless Datagram Protocol 641
18.5.7 Optimal WAP Bearers 642
18.6 Traditional WAP Networking Environment 643
18.7 WAP Advantages and Disadvantages 645
18.8 Applications of WAP 646
18.9 imode 647
18.10 imode versus WAP 649
18.11 Summary 650
Problems 650
References 650
xviii Contents
Contents xix
19 Wireless Personal Area Network Bluetooth 653
19.1 Introduction 653
19.2 The Wireless Personal Area Network 654
19.3 Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) 656
19.4 Denitions of the Terms Used in Bluetooth 659
19.5 Bluetooth Protocol Stack 660
19.5.1 Transport Protocol Group 660
19.5.2 Middleware Protocol Group 661
19.5.3 Application Group 663
19.6 Bluetooth Link Types 663
19.7 Bluetooth Security 666
19.7.1 Security Levels 667
19.7.2 Limitations of Bluetooth Security 669
19.8 Network Connection Establishment in Bluetooth 669
19.9 Error Correction in Bluetooth 670
19.10 Network Topology in Bluetooth 671
19.11 Bluetooth Usage Models 671
19.12 Bluetooth Applications 672
19.13 WAP and Bluetooth 673
19.14 Summary 673
Problems 673
References 674
20 Wireless Personal Area Networks: Low Rate and High Rate 675
20.1 Introduction 675
20.2 Wireless Sensor Network 675
20.3 Usage of Wireless Sensor Networks 678
20.4 Wireless Sensor Network Model 678
20.5 Sensor Network Protocol Stack 683
20.5.1 Physical Layer 683
20.5.2 Data Link Layer 684
20.5.3 Network Layer 685
20.5.4 Transport Layer 687
20.5.5 Application Layer 687
20.5.6 Power, Mobility, and Task Management Planes 688
20.6 ZigBee Technology 688
20.6.1 ZigBee Components and Network Topologies 689
20.7 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Device Architecture 691
20.7.1 Physical Layer 692
20.7.2 Data Link Layer 694
20.7.3 The Network Layer 697
20.7.4 Applications 702
20.8 IEEE 802.15.3a Ultra WideBand 703
20.9 Radio Frequency Identication 707
20.10 Summary 710
Problems 710
References 711
21 Wireless Local Area Networks 713
21.1 Introduction 713
21.2 WLAN Equipment 716
21.3 WLAN Topologies 717
21.4 WLAN Technologies 719
21.4.1 Infrared Technology 719
21.4.2 UHF Narrowband Technology 719
21.4.3 Spread Spectrum Technology 721
21.5 IEEE 802.11 WLAN 721
21.5.1 IEEE 802.11 Architecture 722
21.5.2 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY) 723
21.5.3 IEEE 802.11 Data Link Layer 735
21.5.4 IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control 736
21.5.5 IEEE 802.11 MAC Sublayer 742
21.6 Joining an Existing Basic Service Set 744
21.7 Security of IEEE 802.11 Systems 747
21.8 Power Management 747
21.9 IEEE 802.11b High Rate DSSS 748
21.10 IEEE 802.11n 749
21.11 Other WLAN Standards 752
21.11.1 HIPERLAN Family of Standards 752
21.11.2 Multimedia Access Communication High Speed
Wireless Access Network 758
xx Contents
Contents xxi
21.12 Performance of a Bluetooth Piconet in the
Presence of IEEE 802.11 WLANs 759
21.12.1 Packet Error Rate (PER) from N Neighboring
Bluetooth Piconets 760
21.12.2 PER from M Neighboring IEEE 802.11 WLANs 761
21.12.3 Aggregated Throughput 762
21.13 Interference between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 763
21.14 IEEE 802.16 765
21.15 World Interoperability for MicroAccess, Inc. (WiMAX) 767
21.15.1 WiMAX Physical Layer (PHY) 770
21.15.2 WiMAX Media Access Control (MAC) 771
21.15.3 Spectrum Allocation for WiMAX 772
21.16 Summary 772
Problems 774
References 775
Appendix A 777
Acronyms 787
Index 806
The following Bonus Chapters can be found on the books website at
http://books.elsevier.com/9780123735805:
22 Interworking between Wireless Local Area Networks and
3G Wireless Wide Area Networks 22-1
22.1 Introduction 22-1
22.2 Interworking Objectives and Requirements 22-2
22.3 Interworking Schemes to Connect WLANs and 3G Networks 22-3
22.4 De Facto WLAN System Architecture 22-5
22.5 Session Mobility 22-7
22.6 Interworking Architectures for WLAN and GPRS 22-8
22.7 System Description with Tight Coupling 22-9
22.7.1 Protocol Stack 22-12
22.7.2 WLAN Adaptation Function 22-13
22.7.3 GIF/RAI Discovery Procedure 22-15
22.8 System Description with Loose Coupling 22-17

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