Axial Flux Permanent Magnet

Brushless Machines
f 400 = f p n :=
Frequency of the current in the disc for
fundamental space harmonic = 1, Hz
n 50 = n
rpm
60
:=
Rotational speed, rev/s
0.037 = Average pole pitch, m
D
av
2 p
:=
D
av
0.191 = Average diameter of disc, m D
av
0.5 D
out
D
in
+
( )
:=
Solution
rpm 3000 :=
Rotational speed, rpm
30 10
6
:=
Conductivity of aluminum disc, S/m
Relative magnetic permeability
r
1 :=
Magnetic permeability of free space, S/m
0
0.4 10
6
:=
Number of pole pairs p 8 :=
Dis thickness, m d 0.003 :=
D
in
0.14 =
Inner diameter of PMs, m D
in
D
out
3
:=
Output diameter of PMs, m D
out
0.242 :=
Find the impedance of the aluminum disc of a double-sided eddy current brake at ambient
temperature 20
0
C. The innedr diameter of PMs is Din = 0.14 m. the outer diamtere oof PMs
is Dout = 0.242 m, thickness of the disc d= 3 mm, number of poles 2p=16 and speed n = 3000
rpm. Assume the conductivity of the aluminum = 30 x10
6
S/m at 20
0
C and its relative
magnetic permeability r = 1.
Numerical Example 1.3
J.F. Gieras, R.J. Wang, M.J.
Kamper
1
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet
Brushless Machines
a
R

( )
1
2
4

( )
k
( )

4
+

( )
k
( )

2
+ := Coefficient for resistance a
R
1 ( ) 1.038 =
Coefficient for reactance
a
X

( )
1
2
4

( )
k
( )

4
+

( )
k
( )

2
:= a
X
1 ( ) 0.964 =
Surface wave
impedance,
z
( )

( )
2

1

( )
coth
( )
d
2

:= z 1 ( ) 2.212 10
5
3.216i 10
6
+ =
r
( )
Re z
( ) ( )
:= Surface wave
resistance,
r 1 ( ) 2.212 10
5
=
x
( )
Im z
( ) ( )
:= Surface wave
reactance,
x 1 ( ) 3.216 10
6
=
Impedance increase factor
due to circumferential currents
k
z

( )
1
1

2

0.5 D
out
D
in

( )

+ :=
k
z
1 ( ) 1.733 =
Angular frequency of the current in the disc for
fundamental space harmonic = 1, Hz, rad/s
2 f :=
2513.3 =
k
( )

0

r

2
:= Attenuation coefficient for the fundamental
space harmonic = 1 of the electromagnetic field
in the disc, 1/m
k 1 ( ) 217.656 =

( )
1
k
( )
:= Equivalent depth of penetration, m 1 ( ) 0.0046 =

( )
1 j + ( )k
( )
:= Complex damping constant, 1/m 1 ( ) 217.656 217.656i + =
Constant dependent on pole pitch
and space harmonic number, 1/m

( )

:= 1 ( ) 83.831 =
Complex damping constant dependent
on pole pitch, 1/m

( )

( )
2

( )
2
+ := 1 ( ) 225.872 209.739i + =
J.F. Gieras, R.J. Wang, M.J.
Kamper
2
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet
Brushless Machines
A
R
1 ( ) 1.699 = A
R

( )
sinh a
R

( )
k
( )
d
( )
M
( )
:=
M 1 ( ) 0.43 = Denominator M
( )
cosh a
R

( )
k
( )
d
( )
cos a
X

( )
k
( )
d
( )
:=
Additional calculations
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
0
5
.
10
4
0.001
0.0015
0.002
Resistance and reactance of Al disc
R ( )
X ( )

Phase angle, degrees

1 ( )
180

8.272 =
1 ( ) 0.144 = Phase angle, rad
( )
atan
X
( )
R
( )

:=
tan 1 ( ) 0.145 = Tangent of phase angle tan
( )
X
( )
R
( )
:=
X 1 ( ) 7.605 10
6
= X
( )
Im Z
( ) ( )
:=
Disc reactance,
R 1 ( ) 5.231324 10
5
=
R
( )
Re Z
( ) ( )
:=
Disc resistance,
Z 1 ( ) 5.231 10
5
7.605i 10
6
+ = Z
( )
z
( )
0.5 D
out
D
in

( )

k
z

( )
:=
Disc impedance
per pole,
J.F. Gieras, R.J. Wang, M.J.
Kamper
3
Axial Flux Permanent Magnet
Brushless Machines
Re coth 1 ( )
d
2

1.699 =
A
X

( )
sin a
X

( )
k
( )
d
( )

M
( )
:=
A
X
1 ( ) 1.369 =
Im coth 1 ( )
d
2

1.369 =
B
R

( )
a
X

( )
0.5 a
R

( )
2
a
X

( )
2
+

:=
B
R
1 ( ) 0.961 =
B
X

( )
a
R

( )
0.5 a
R

( )
2
a
X

( )
2
+

:= B
X
1 ( ) 1.035 =
Surface wave
resistance,
r
( )
B
R

( )
A
R

( )
B
X

( )
A
X

( )

( )
k
( )

:=
r 1 ( ) 2.2123 10
5
=
Surface wave
reactance,
x
( )
B
X

( )
A
R

( )
B
R

( )
A
X

( )
+
( )
k
( )

:=
x 1 ( ) 3.216 10
6
=
J.F. Gieras, R.J. Wang, M.J.
Kamper
4