1.

Across Washer
Stream l1
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.C

= 3.4765 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (25 25) = 0 kj

Stream l2
m = 350 kg/hr
Cp of stream
Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18kj/kg.C
Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 4.18 x (25 25) = 0 kj

Stream l4
m = 3333.3 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (25 25) = 0 kj

Stream l8
m = 350 kg/hr
cp of stream
Water= 4.18 x 0.9962 = 4.164
Impurities = 1.1x 0.0038 = 0.00418
Total Cp = 4.17 kj/kg.C
Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 350 x 3.7850 x (25 25) = 0 kj

Balance:
Qin = Qout
l1 + l2 = l4 + l8
0+0=0+0
0 = 0 (Balanced)

= 3.4765 kj/kg.C

2. Across Crusher
Stream l4
m = 3333.33 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0432 x 3.72

= 0.15509 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8317 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7850 kj/kg.C

= 3.4765 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (25 25) = 0 kj

Stream l3
m = 6.66 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Enzyme

= 0.05 x 2.26 = 0.113 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.95 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.08 kj/kg.C

= 3.97 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 6.66 x 3.7850 x (30 25) = 126.04 kj

Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.C

= 3.4777 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (30 25) = 63223.7728 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L4 + l3 = l5
0 + 126.04 = 63223.7728
0 = 63097.7328 kj
Crusher Duty = 63097.7328 kj

3. Across With-holding Tank

Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C

= 3.4777 kj/kg.C

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (30 25) = 63223.7728 kj

Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.C

= 3.4777 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (30 25) = 63223.7728 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L5 = l6
63223.7728 = 63223.7728 (Balanced)

4. Across Presses
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0431 x 3.72

= 0.1603 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8320 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

= 3.4777 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7859 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (30 25) = 63223.7728 kj

Stream p4
m = 501 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber

0.2101 x 3.72

= 0.7815 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.0742 x 1.1827 = 0.0877 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.7157 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.8608 kj/kg.C

= 2.9916kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 501 x 3.8608 x (29.9984 25) = 9668.2128 kj

Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C

= 3.5639 kj/kg.C

T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (30 25) = 53555.56 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L15 + p4 = l6
53555.56 + 9668.2128 = 63223.7728
63223.7728 = 63223.7728 (Balanced)

5. Across Heat Exchanger

Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.C

= 3.5639 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 30C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (30 25) = 53555.56 kj

Stream u2
m = 50.327 kg/hr
Temperature = 120.42 C
Heat = 2200 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = m . heat

Q = 50.327 x 2200 = 110719.4 kj/hr

Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.C

= 3.5639 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 40C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (40 25) = 160666.68 kj

Stream c1
m = 50.327
Cp of water:
Water

= 1 x 4.18

= 4.18 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 25C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 50.327 x 4.18 x (42.152 25) = 3608.26 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L15 + u3 = l17 + c1
53555.56 + 110719.4 = 3608.26 + 160666.68
164274.94 = 164274.94 (Balanced)

6. Across Falling Film Evaporator

Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.0136 x 3.72

= 0.0506 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.C

Aroma

= 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8526 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7729 kj/kg.C

= 3.5639 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 40C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (40 25) = 160666.68 kj

Stream u4
m = 396.355 kg/hr
Temperature = 120.42 C
Specific enthalpy of saturated steam = 2706.54 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = m x sp. enthalpy
Q = 396.355 x 2706.54 = 1072750.662 kj/hr

Stream l19
m = 2510.156 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.015381 x 3.72

= 0.0572 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8330 x 4.18

= 3.4819 kj/kg.C

Enzyme

= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7180 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.156 x 3.7180 x (50 25) = 233319 kj

Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.9991 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.1788 kj/kg.C

= 4.1762 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
Specific enthalpy of aroma = 2592 kj/kg
T1 = 62.2C
T2 = 25C
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.lamda
Q = (328.80 x 4.1788 x (62.2 25)) + (328.80 x 2592) = 903362 kj/kg

Stream c2
m = 396.355
Cp of water:
Water

= 1 x 4.18

= 4.18 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 83.389C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 396.355 x 4.18 x (83.389 25) = 96736.342 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L17 + u4 = l19 + A2 + c2
160666.68 + 1072750.662 = 233319 + 903362 + 96736.342
1233417.342 = 1233417.342 (Balanced)

7. Across Aroma Stripping Column

Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.9991 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 4.1788 kj/kg.C

= 4.1762 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
Specific enthalpy of aroma = 2592 kj/kg
T1 = 62.2C
T2 = 25C
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapour and water in liquid form so,
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . lamda
Q = (328.80 x 4.1788 x (62.2 25)) + (328.80 x 2592) = 903362 kj/kg

Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

3.0006 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 80C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . lmda
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (80 25)] + [0.283893 x 846] = 287.00 kj/kg

Stream w7
m = 328.517
Cp of stream:
Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18 kj/kg.C
Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.C
Total Q:
T1 = 100
T2 = 25
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m lamda
Q = 328.517 x 4.18 x (100 25) + 328.517 x 2435 = 903075.799 kj/kg

Balance
Qin = Qout
A2 = A3 + w7
903362 = 287.00+903075.799

Diff = 0.799

8. Across Aroma Condensor

Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

3.0006 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 80C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . lmda
Q = [0.283893 x 3 x (80 25)] + [0.283893 x 846] = 287.00 kj/kg

Stream w1
m = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.C
T1 = 36.8 C
T2 = 25 C
Total Q:
Q = mCpdT
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (36.8 - 25)
Q = 169.88

Stream w6
M = 3.432 kg/hr
Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.C
T1 = 50 C
T2 = 25 C
Total Q:
Latent Heat liberated by aroma = (0.283893 x 846) = 240.17
Q = mCpdT
Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (50 - 25) + 240.17
Q = 455.18 kj/hr

Stream A4
m = 0.283893 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Aroma

= 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

Total Q:
Latent Heat of Aroma = 846
T1 = 25 C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)

3.0006 kj/kg.C

Q = [0.283893 x 3.0006 x (27 25)] = 1.7 kj/kg

Out = in
456.88 = 456.88

9. Across Enzymatic Treatment Tank

Stream l19
m = 2510.156 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.015381 x 3.72

= 0.0572 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.8330 x 4.18

= 3.4819 kj/kg.C

Enzyme

= 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.7180 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2510.156 x 3.7180 x (50 25) = 233319 kj

Stream l21
m = 54.146 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Enzyme

= 1 x 2.26 = 2.26 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

2.26 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 54.146 x 2.26 x (50 25) = 3059.249 kj

Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.01565 x 3.72

= 0.0582 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.81471 x 4.18

= 3.4055 kj/kg.C

Enzyme

= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.6865 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (50 25) = 236378.249 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L19 + l21 = l22
233319 kj + 3059.249 kj = 236378.249 kj
236378.249 kj = 236378.249 kj (Balanced)

10.

Across Ultrafiltration Unit

Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.01565 x 3.72

= 0.0582 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.81471 x 4.18

= 3.4055 kj/kg.C

Enzyme

= 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 3.6865 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (50 25) = 236378.249 kj

Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.C
Water

= 0.8465 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7199 kj/kg.C

= 3.5384 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.7199 x (50 25) = 206754.06 kj

Stream l23
m = 341.5823 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Fiber=

0.1175 x 3.72

= 0.4371 kj/kg.C

Dissolved Solids = 0.6121 x 1.1827 = 0.7239 kj/kg.C

Water

= 0.1110 x 4.18

Enzyme

= 0.1593 x 2.26 = 0.3600 kj/kg.C

Total Cp

= 1.984 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 68.7C
T2 = 25C

= 0.4639 kj/kg.C

Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 341.5823 x 1.984 x (68.7 25) = 29624.189 kj

Balance
Qin = Qout
L22 = l23 + l 23
236378.249 kj = 206754.06 kj + 29624.189 kj
236378.249 kj = 236378.249 kj (Balanced)

11.

Across Falling Film Evaporator

Input Streams
Stream l23
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr
Cp of stream:
Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.C
Water

= 0.8465 x 4.18

Total Cp

= 3.7199 kj/kg.C

= 3.5384 kj/kg.C

Total Q:
T1 = 50C
T2 = 25C
Q = mCp(T1-T2)
Q = 2223.2217 x 3.7199 x (50 25) = 206754.06 kj

Stream u5
m = 396.355 kg/hr
Temperature = 120.42 C
Specific enthalpy of saturated steam = 2706.54 kj/kg
Total Q:
Q = m x sp. enthalpy
Q = 396.355 x 2706.54 = 1072750.662 kj/hr

Output Streams
Stream c5
Stream c6
Stream c7
Stream l26

Heat Capacity Estimation Of Constituents

Enzyme
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given and is very near to the
heat capacity of protein as our enzyme is protein based.
Heat capacity of enzyme =

Fiber
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given
Heat Capacity of Fiber =

Aroma
The heat capacity of aroma is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual components
and their composition in aroma.
Constituents
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
2-Methyl Butanol
Hexanol
Ethyl Iso-Butyrate
Ethyl Butyrate
Ethyl Acetate
Butyl Acetate
Pentyl Acetate
Ethyl Valerate
Benzaldehyde
Hexanal
Trans-2-Hexanal
Total

Composition(xi)
0.495
0.016
0.046
0.014
0.015
0.097
0.064
0.010
0.035
0.040
0.078
0.0005
0.043
0.042

Heat Capacity(kj/kg.C)
2.43
2.37
2.307
2.303
2.308
1.7372
1.6290
1.9200
1.9630
1.7667
2.1980
1.6211
2.11
2.07

xiCp
1.203
0.038
0.106
0.032
0.035
0.167
0.1042
0.0192
0.0688
0.061
0.171
0.0081
0.9073
0.0261
3.0006 kj/kg.C

Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.

Dissolved Solids
The heat capacity of dissolved solids is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual
components and their composition in dissolved solids.
Constituents
Protien
Ash
Liphids
Sucrose
Glucose
Fructose
Starch
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Phosphorous
Potassium
Zinc
Vitamin C
Vitmain A
Total

Composition(xi)
0.0234
0.0171
0.0153
0.1868
0.2193
0.5325
4.63 x 10-3
5.45 x 10-7
1.083 x 10-8
4.513 x 10-7
9.92 x 10-7
9.65 x 10-6
9.02 x 10-8
4.151 x 10-7
1.353 x 10-6

Heat Capacity (kj/kg.C)

2.34
1.343
2.1
1.30
0.63
1.28
1.753
0.650
0.447
1.024
0.809
0.74
0.399
1.39
1.62

xiCp
0.0548
0.0230
0.0321
0.2428
0.1382
0.6816
8.086 x 10-3
3.5198 x 10-8
4.1841 x 10-9
4.621 x 10-7
8.0253 x 10-7
7.141 x 10-6
3.5990 x 10-8
5.769 x 10-7
2.192 x 10-6
1.182 kj/kg.C

Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.

Water
Heat capacity of water is taken from literature as 4.18 kj/kg.C.