272 TIII'ORY OF ARCIIITECTLUE. B.

oK fL
J)ra\v the right lines MC, AD, and draw AG parallel
to BD.
Because the square or parallelogram MLAB and the
triangle MCB are between the same parallels LC, MB. and
have tlie same base 31B, the triangle MCB is (_Prop. i?9.)
e]ual to half the square AL3IB.
Again, because the rectangle or parallelogram DGPB
and the triangle DAB are between the same parallels GA
and DB, and have the same base DB, the triangle DAB is
(Prop. 29.)
equal to half the rectangle DGBP.
"
Further, since the side 31 B of the triangle 31 BC and the
side AB of the triangle ABD are sides of the same square,
they are (Defin. 17.)
equal. Also, since the side BC of the
t-g.^o*.
Krst triangle and the side BD of the second triangle are sides of the same square, they are
equal. And because the angle INIBC of the first triangle is composed of a right angle and
the angle x. and the angle ABD of the second triangle is composed of a right angle and
the same angle x. therefore these two angles, contained between the equal sides 31B, BC
and .\B, BD. are e<|ual. Wherefore the two triangles MBC, ABD, having two sides and
the contained angle ei^ual, are (Prop.
3.)
identical, and consequently etiual.
But the triangle 3IBC is half the square MLAB. and the triangle ABD is half the
rectangle BDGP ; the square and the rectangle are therefore equal.
la the same manner it may be demonstrated that the square ARXC and the rectangle
CFGP are ei^ual. Wherefore it follows that the whole square BDFC is equal to the two
sijuares AILAB. AUNC taken together.
90S. Defisitions. 1. A right line
(.^o. Prop. S3. AB) terminated l>oth ways by the
circumference of a circle is called a chord.
2. A line (.rfo- Prop. 39. AB) which meets the circumference in one point only b called
a tanofHt
;
and the point T is called the point
of
contact.
3. An angle
{Jig.
Prop. 33. ABD) which has its vertex in the circumference of a circle
is called an anplf in the circle.
4. A part of a circle confined between two radii
(
fia.
Prop. 34. A CBFA) is called a sector.
5. A p;ut of a circle (no. Prop. 35. AGBDA) terminated by a chord is called a se^mnU
(fa
circle.
909. Prop. XXXIII. To dratc the drcitmfermef of a c/rcfe
fkramffh
three girem points.
Let there be three given jwints, .\, B. D
(./?<7. 265.), through which it
b
is re<]uired to draw the circumference of a circle. Draw the right
lines .\B. BD. and bisect them : fi-om the points of the division F, G,
rnise the perpendiculars BC, GC ; and at the |>oint C with the radius
C\ describe the circumference of a circle : this circumference will pass
tlirough the points B and D. Draw the lines CA. CB, CD.
In the triangles CFA. CFB the side FA is equal to the side FB
by construction, the side FC is common, and the two angles at F are
right angles. These two triangles, then, have two sides and the angle
contained by them equal : they are therefore (^Prop.
3.) identical.
CB is e<|ual to the side CA.
For the same reason, the triangles CGB. CGD are also identicaL
CD is equal to the side CB. and consequently equal to CA.
And since the right lines CB, CD are equal to the right line CA. it is manifest (Prop. 1.)
that the circiunference which passes through the point .\ must also pass throu"ii the
Doint D.
910. Prop. XXXIV.
If
a rcidiKS histtt a eiord, it is perpendicular to tkat dord.
If the radius CF
i^fo.
66.) bisect the chord AB. the angles
JD.\. CDB are right angles. Draw the radii CA. CR
In the triangles CDA, CDB the sides CA. CB, being radii, are equal
(Prop. 1.). the sides AD. DB are equal by supposition, and the side
CD is common. These two triangles, having the three sides equal, are
therefore (P*rop. 5.^ identical, ^^lle^etb^e the angles CDA. CDB are
e<]ual. and consequently (Prop. 10.) are right angles.
CoRcixART. The two angles at C are also (Prop.
5-)
equaL
Hence it appears, that any angle ACB may be bisected by describing
from its vertex C as the centre with any radius A Can arc AFB
; bisect-
ing the chord of that arc .\B : and then drawing from the point of division D the risfat line
CD ;
for it may then be shown, as in the propositioo, that the triangles .ACD, DCB ai
identical, and con<aequently the angles at
C et]uaL
Consequently the side
Wherefore the side
i\
rjj. i