-.

540
TIIKORY OF ARCIiri i:CTL'RE. 1?..ok II.
of the weiglit of the body
;
but it may be easily imagined that the first tlircad, l)y being in
the direction AD, will, besides the weight itself, have to sustain the ellbrt of the power
that draws it out of the vertical AB.
12-15. If the direction of the horizontal force be prolonged till it meets the vertical,
which would be in the first thread if it were not drawn away by the second, we shall have
triangle A 1)15, whose sides will express the proportion of the weight to the forces of the
two threads in the case of equilibrium being established; that is, sujjposing AB to express
the weight, A D will express the effort of the tliread attached to the point A, and BD that
of the liorizontal power wliich pulls the body away from the vertical AB.
I '246. These ditferent forces may also be found by transferring to the vertical DH
(Jig.
6\9.) any length of line DF to represent the weight of the body. If from the point F
the parallel'' FI, FG be drawn in the direction of the threads, their forces will be indicated
by the lines ID, DG, so that the three sides of the triangle DGI*", similar to the triangle
.\DB, will express the proportion of the weight to the two forces applied to the threads.
1247. Supi)ose the weight to be
,'30 lbs. : if from a scale of ecpial parts we set up 30
of those parts from D to F
(^fiff.
519.),
we shall find DG equal to 21, or the pounds of
force of the horizontal line DE, and 35 for the ob!i(jue power ID.
1248. If the weight, instead of ,30 lbs., were 100, we should find the value of the
forces DG and ID by the proportions of ,30 ; 21
: : 100 : x, where x expresses the force DG.
Tlie value resulting from this proportion is .r
=

^q
=70. The second proportion
30 : 35::100 :
y,where?/representstheeflrort ID, whose value will bey=-^^~^'' = lI6-666".
1249. If the angle ADII formed by AD and DH be known, the same results may be
obtained by taking DFfor the radius, in which case IF'=DG becomes the tangent, in this
instance, of 35 degrees, and ID the secant; whence
DF : DI : IF":: radius : tang. 35 : sec. 35.
If ID be taken for the radius, we have
ID : IF : FD;: radius
:
tang. 35 : sin. 35.
1250. We have here to observe, that in conducting the operation above mentioned a
figure DIF^G has been formed, which is called the parallelogram of the forces, because the
diagonal DF always expresses a compounded force, which will
place in equilibrio the two
others FI, FG, represented by the two contiguous sides IV, VG.
1251. Instead of two forces which draw, we may suppose two others which act by jiusli-
mg from E to D
{Jiff.
522.) and from A to D. Ifwe take the vertical DF to express the
weight, and we draw as before the parallels F'G and FI in the
g
G
^o
direction of the forces, the sides GD and DI of the parallelogram
\
A ;
DGFI
(Jiff.
519.)
will express the forces with which the powers \
i
\
j
act relatively to DF to support the body : thus I''I= GD the
\
'
\
'
weight and two powers which support it will, in case of equi-
\ I \
'
librium, be represented by the three sides of a rectangular tri- \
I
\ |
angle DFI; so that if the weight be designated by H, the
Fttf-'-V\
i
power which pushes from G to D by E, and that which acts
\
\
from I to D by P, we shall have the proportion H : E : P
:
:
^^
DF : FI : ID, wherein, if we take DF" for radius, it will be .
,
as radius is to the tangent of the angle FDI and to its secant.
As a body in suspension is drawn away from the vertical line in which it hangs by a power
higher than the body
(Jiff.
520.), it follows that the obliipie forces AB and BC each
sup])ort, independent of any lateral efforts, a part of the weight of the body. In order to
tindthe proportion of these parts to the total weight, take any distance BD on a vertical
raised from the centre of the body B to express the weight, and complete the parallelo-
gram DEBF\ whose sides EB, BF will express the oblique forces of the powers A and
C These lines, being considered as the diagonals of the rectangular parallelograms LEIB,
BHFJM, may each be resolved into two forces, whereof one of them, vertical, sustains the
body, and the other, horizontal, draws it away from the verticals AO, CQ. Hence IB will
express the vertical force, or that part of the vv'eight sustained by the power EB, and HB
that sustained by the other power BF": as these two forces act in the same direction,
when added together their sum will represent the weight DB. In short, IB being
equal to HD, it follows that BII + BI= BI + ID.
1252. As to the horizontal forces indicated by the lines LB and BM, as they are equal
and opposite they destroy one another.
1253. It follows, from what has been said, that all obliejue forces may be resolved into
two others, one of which shall be vertical and the other horizontal, by taking their direction
for the diagonal of a rectangular parallelogram.
1 iJ54. In respect of their ratio and value, those may be easily found by means of a scale
if the diagram be drawn with accuracy ; or by trigonometry, it we kuow the angles